Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 UNDERSTANDING
维度一：品句填词
1.As we all know， teaching is a （值得尊敬的） cause.
2.The soldier worked hard and finally achieved a higher （等级） in the army， becoming a respected officer.
3.The town has four （教堂）， one of which dates back to 1882.
4.The students have read about the theories of how the （宇宙） began.
5.We （把……归功于） our discovery to the advanced equipment and the experienced researcher.
6.The team decided to （放弃） their original plan after encountering numerous unforeseen challenges.
7.The building cast its s across the street.
8.Now this former r palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.
9.They can climb about in the bushes， looking very much like p birds.
10.Understanding history is v to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
维度二：词形转换
1.With Mum’s （approve）， John got to prepare the oven.
2.Experience is the mother of （wise）.
3.She is a well （respect） member of the international community.
4.It can be （benefit） to share your feelings with someone you trust.
5.The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for （analyse）.
6.Many of us try to reduce lots of weight with an （assume） that being overweight leads to heart diseases.
7.It’s taken a long time to break out of my own （convention） training.
8.The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and （civilise）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （很显然） she was not going home.
2.As far as we all are concerned， consideration for other people （对……极其重要） all of us.
3.It’s not surprising that her mother doesn’t （同意） her idea.
4.I must say （我把所有的成就归功于） the encouragement and support from you.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I was eleven， my mom and dad died.I was left caring for my younger brother and felt at a loss.We moved in with my grandparents in Nandi.Though I wanted an education， they insisted that education didn’t matter for girls.
So I’d wake up in the mornings， sweep the house， wash the dishes， cook breakfast， and run to school.Despite all this， I was admitted to one of Kenya’s top high schools elsewhere.However， poverty did not allow me to stay in school.I was constantly sent home for school fees.That was when I met Akili Dada， a nonprofit supporting girls’ education.They offered me a scholarship， which changed my life and gave me a new focus in life.They not only focused on educating me， but also building me as a person.For the first time I felt empowered to focus on my schooling and appreciate the person I was.I went from the bottom of the class to being a top student and finished high school with an A average.
In 2015， I received a MasterCard scholarship to study Management Information Systems at Ashesi University in Ghana.This course， which combines business and computer science， is a step toward my dream of earning a PhD and working for the United Nations （UN）.
When I was growing up in Nandi， the village had no lawyers or doctors.To fill the gap， I created a program called Life Lifters， which aims to empower the youth to be innovative， create change， and see value in education.
I am the first generation in my village to study abroad and I hope to inspire the youth in my area to focus on education and create wealth for themselves.I firmly believe in the power of education for girls.If girls understand their rights and work for them， then we can grow a society where the same value is placed on both male and female.It shouldn’t matter whether you’re a boy or a girl — you are a human being， which is what Akili Dada taught me.In the end I wish to be a resource to women， and the world in general.
1.Why did the author feel at a loss at eleven？（ ）
A.The loss of parents led to an uncertain future.
B.She and her brother were sent away from home.
C.Her grandparents could hardly support her living.
D.She had to move to another village for schooling.
2.What made the author close to quitting high school？（ ）
A.Her poor academic performance. B.The prejudice against girls on campus.
C.Lack of continuous financial support. D.The distance from school to her home.
3.How did Akili Dada benefit the author？（ ）
A.By restoring her dignity. B.By introducing her to the UN.
C.By training her for a job. D.By teaching her computer skills.
4.What is the purpose of Life Lifters？（ ）
A.To select potential young talents for UN jobs.
B.To provide scholarships for poor girls in Nandi.
C.To inspire awareness of education in local youth.
D.To make new technology available in rural areas.
B
Overcoming Adversity through Education
Education has always been a powerful tool for overcoming adversity.This was certainly true for Malala Yousafzai， a Pakistani activist for female education who faced extreme challenges in pursuit of her goals.
Malala was born in a small village in Pakistan’s Swat Valley.From a young age， she was passionate about education and dreamed of becoming a doctor.However， her dreams were threatened by the Taliban， who had taken control of the valley and banned girls from attending school.
Despite the danger， Malala continued to attend school secretly.She even blogged about her experiences under a pseudonym， drawing international attention to the plight of girls in Swat Valley.Her bravery and determination earned her the nickname “Gul Makai”， which means “poppy flower” in Pashto， a language spoken in the region.
In 2012， Malala’s courage was tested to the limit.She was shot in the head by the Taliban while returning home from school.The attack left her seriously injured， but it also sparked a global movement for girls’ education.Malala’s story inspired millions of people around the world， and she became a symbol of resilience and hope.
After recovering from her injuries， Malala continued her education.She moved to the United Kingdom and attended school there， eventually going to college and earning a degree.Today， she is an advocate for girls’ education and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
Malala’s journey is a testament to the power of education.Despite facing extreme adversity， she never gave up on her dreams.Through education， she has been able to overcome her challenges and make a positive impact on the world.
5.What is the main theme of the passage？（ ）
A.The importance of education in overcoming adversity.
B.The history of the Taliban in Pakistan.
C.The dangers of blogging under a pseudonym.
D.The challenges of attending school in rural areas.
6.Where was Malala Yousafzai born？（ ）
A.In a large city in Pakistan. B.In a small village in Swat Valley.
C.In the United Kingdom. D.In a region where Pashto is not spoken.
7.What nickname did Malala earn for her bravery and determination？（ ）
A.Gul Makai. B.Poppy Flower.
C.Nobel Peace Prize laureate. D.Doctor Malala.
8.What happened to Malala in 2012？（ ）
A.She won the Nobel Peace Prize. B.She moved to the United Kingdom.
C.She was shot in the head by the Taliban. D.She earned a degree from college.
Ⅱ.完形填空
My son “graduated” from primary school this week.I put the word in quotes （引号） because as a rising 7th grader， he wasn’t receiving a 9 and because the school used a 10 term to describe the special moment.This term felt more 11 than the traditional name of the 12 of one stage of a person’s education： they called it Moving On.
At the Moving On Ceremony， each 6th grader 13 one sentence on what they appreciated or would 14 about their primary school years.One 15 words caught my attention — he said he was thankful for what he called “a step on the ladder （梯子）”.I was really 16 by this 11-year-old’s ability to 17 the heart of the “moving on” moment.That was totally beyond my imagination.
Growing up is the work of a 18 — a ladder that has no top.And the gift of a “moving on” moment is that we can celebrate the firm foothold （立足点） we’ve got on our 19 step because what we’ve 20 so far can help us move ahead toward tomorrow.
We look forward to our son 21 more graduations in his lifetime.But perhaps more than that， we hope that he will have the ability to 22 many “moving on” moments to celebrate with 23 .
9.（ ）A.gift B.degree C.prize D.letter
10.（ ）A.popular B.normal C.different D.traditional
11.（ ）A.interesting B.comfortable C.meaningful D.fashionable
12.（ ）A.task B.course C.goal D.end
13.（ ）A.shared B.practised C.learned D.translated
14.（ ）A.consider B.imagine C.miss D.explore
15.（ ）A.parent’s B.student’s C.teacher’s D.cleaner’s
16.（ ）A.confused B.encouraged C.disappointed D.struck
17.（ ）A.sum up B.set down C.debate over D.refer to
18.（ ）A.year B.lifetime C.month D.moment
19.（ ）A.final B.present C.upward D.future
20.（ ）A.applied B.delivered C.demanded D.achieved
21.（ ）A.holding B.designing C.revising D.experiencing
22.（ ）A.recognize B.prepare C.relate D.stress
23.（ ）A.patience B.kindness C.appreciation D.admiration
Ⅲ.语法填空
Think about it like this： you wouldn’t throw a kid into the deep end of the pool without teaching them how 24. （swim）， right？ In 25. same way， we can’t expect our students to sail in the vast online ocean without teaching them skills.
Today’s children are born into a world 26. smartphones， tablets， and computers are as commonplace as toys and playgrounds.Teaching them the basics of cybersecurity is like giving them a life ring in that digital sea.
Cybersecurity education isn’t just about memorizing rules and tips. It’s about 27. （develop） critical thinking and problem-solving skills.By teaching students to analyze the legitimacy （合理性） of websites， emails and online messages， we empower them to think 28. （critical）.
Cyberbullying is also a significant concern.Kids can 29. （target） through social media， text messages， or online gaming platforms.Teaching our students about online etiquette （礼节） and the consequences of cyberbullying is essential.Moreover， our kids can have the ability to protect 30. （they） in an increasingly digital world.
By teaching cybersecurity early， we’re preparing students for future career 31. （opportunity）.The demand 32. cybersecurity professionals is booming and it’s only expected to grow.
Teaching cybersecurity in every classroom is a no-brainer.The skills they gain in the classroom won’t just keep them safe online.They 33. （be） valuable in countless aspects of their lives.
Ⅳ.应用文写作
请你根据下面图片，以Labor Education Counts为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
（1）你对图片的解读；（2）你的一次劳动体验。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。
Labor Education Counts
Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 UNDERSTANDING
基础知识自测
维度一
1.worthy 2.rank 3.churches 4.universe 5.owe
6.abandon 7.shadow 8.royal 9.primitive 10.vital
维度二
1.approval 2.wisdom 3.respected 4.beneficial
5.analysis 6.assumption 7.conventional 8.civilisation
维度三
1.It was quite obvious that 2.is vital to/for 3.approve of 4.I owe all the achievements to
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的成长经历，包括父母去世后的生活变化、接受教育的挑战与机遇，以及通过自己的努力和对教育的坚持所取得的成就和未来的愿景。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，作者十一岁时父母去世，留下她照顾年幼的弟弟，因此她感到茫然。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的However， poverty did not allow me ...for school fees.可知，作者因为贫困而无法继续留在学校，经常因为学费问题被学校赶回家。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的They offered me a scholarship ...but also building me as a person.可知，Akili Dada 通过提供奖学金和支持，帮助作者恢复了自尊和自信，使她能够面对生活的挑战，并有了积极的人生态度。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Life Lifters 项目是为了激励年轻人认识到教育的价值。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述马拉拉·优素福扎伊的故事，展现了教育在克服逆境中的力量。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段以及最后一段可知，本文的主题是教育在克服逆境中的重要性。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，马拉拉·优素福扎伊出生在斯瓦特山谷的一个小村庄。
7.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，马拉拉的勇敢和决心为她赢得了“Gul Makai”的绰号。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，2012年马拉拉被塔利班击中头部。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述儿子的小学“毕业”仪式，以及对于“继续前行”时刻的理解和感悟，表达了对孩子成长的期待和祝愿。
9.B 根据上文以及空后because引导的原因状语从句可推测，作者的儿子并没有获得学位。
10.C 根据上文以及下句中的they called it Moving On可知，作者儿子的学校使用了不同的术语来描述这个特殊的时刻。
11.C 根据下文they called it Moving On以及文章末句可推测，作者认为这个术语更有意义。
12.D 根据文章首句可知，作者的儿子小学教育阶段结束时获得了这个术语。由此推断，空处指的是教育阶段的结束。
13.A 根据下句可知，在仪式上，每个学生要分享一句话。
14.C 根据空后的about their primary school years以及上文作者所提及的这个仪式发生在小学毕业的时候可推测，孩子的发言是表达对自己小学生活的感激和怀念。
15.B 根据上句可知，每个六年级学生都要分享一句话。由此推断，空处指的是学生的发言。
16.D 根据下句可知，这个孩子的发言触动了作者的内心。
17.A 根据上句可知，作者对这个孩子能够总结出“继续前行”时刻的核心意义感到惊叹。sum up总结； set down记下； debate over辩论； refer to提到。
18.B 根据空后的a ladder that has no top可知，成长是一生的工作。
19.B 根据空前的we can celebrate the firm foothold 可推测，这里的立足点指的是我们目前所获得的一切。
20.D 根据空后的so far can help us move ahead toward tomorrow以及阶梯的作用可知，我们今天所取得的成就可以帮助我们迈向未来。
21.D 根据空后的more graduations in his lifetime可知，作为父母，自然希望孩子以后会体验更多的毕业时刻。
22.A 根据空后的many “moving on” moments以及上文作者希望儿子能够有很多体验可知，作者希望儿子能够认识到许多值得感激的“继续前行”时刻。
23.C 根据第二段第二句可知，作者希望儿子以后能够拥有感激之心。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是网络安全的重要性，以及在学校进行网络安全教育的好处。
24.to swim 考查非谓语动词。此处为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，空处作宾语。故填to swim。
25.the 考查冠词。短语in the same way表示“同样”。故填the。
26.where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词world，并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
27.developing 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词的宾语，应用动词-ing形式。故填developing。
28.critically 考查副词。空处修饰动词think，应用副词。故填critically。
29.be targeted 考查情态动词和语态。主语与谓语之间构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be targeted。
30.themselves 考查代词。此处指保护儿童“他们自己”，应用反身代词。故填themselves。
31.opportunities 考查名词复数。根据上文students可知，数量大于一应用复数形式。故填opportunities。
32.for 考查介词。短语demand for表示“对……的需求”。故填for。
33.will be 考查时态。此处描述将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will be。
Ⅳ.
Labor Education Counts
The picture vividly illustrates that labor education plays an important role in nurturing teenagers’ development， cultivating their all-round development of morality， intelligence and physique.Just like the tree in the picture， it is thriving on the boy’s watering.
When it comes to my experiences of labor， making a fruit plate after TikTok struck me as an unforgettable one.I first collected some kinds of fruit like apples， oranges， strawberries and bananas.Then came the most challenging part， cutting them into the style in the video， which took me about thirty minutes.After that， I shaped them on a plate into a blossoming flower with delicious sauce.To my delight， when I served it to my family， they all spoke highly of it.
No pain， no gain.Through the hands-on experience， not only do I gain a sense of achievement， but I also appreciate that labor itself is a kind of enjoyment and a must for our personal growth.
5 / 5Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 UNDERSTANDING
It seems obvious① now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.To start with， we need questions.Then， to find answers， we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that， we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer， modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis② — luckily for us.
[1]However， in the 17th century when Francis Bacon （1561－1626） suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge， he was going against the views of the day.[2]Although Bacon held an important rank③ in King James’ royal④ court of England， his true interest was not the day-to-day， slow and inefficient⑤ working style of the government， but the worthy⑥ search for knowledge.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days.[3]At that time， people believed more in the church⑦ than in facts， and people like Galileo Galilei （1564－1642）， who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe⑧”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.In fact， when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe， instead of believing him， people chose to believe views that were almost 2，000 years old！
[1]本句为主从复合句。句中when引导定语从句；that引导宾语从句。
[2]本句为主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；主句中含有not ...but ...句型，意为“不是……而是……”。
[3]本句为并列复合句。句中and连接两个并列分句；第二个并列分句中，who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Galileo Galilei； that引导同位语从句，解释名词idea的内容。
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive⑨ ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle （384－322 BCE⑩）.He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still.Galilei disagreed.[4]At first， people approved of his studies and urged him to continue， but later when he proved Aristotle wrong， they grew angry and put him in prison .They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true.And this is still often true today.People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right， then it must be so.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him， he was wrong at times.And Galilei also made mistakes.He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.He was wrong.
Therefore， our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words， we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say， “We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom .They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will， for that would mean a world without questions.
[5]We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more vital to a man， and more beneficial to mankind ， some might say， than all the money in the world.
[4]本句为并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列分句；第二个并列分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
[5]本句为主从复合句。句中who和that均引导定语从句。
①obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的
②analysis n.分析
③rank n.等级
④royal adj.皇家的；王室的
⑤inefficient adj.效率低的
⑥worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
⑦church n.教会；教堂
⑧universe n.宇宙
⑨primitive adj.原始的
⑩BCE （before Common Era）公元前
approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准
urge vt.强烈要求；敦促
prison n.监狱
abandon vt.放弃；抛弃
assumption n.假定，假设
respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的
wisdom n.智慧
owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于
shadow n.阴影
conventional adj.守旧的；传统的
kingdom n.王国
civilisation n.文明
vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
mankind n.人类
参考译文
今天，如何获取知识、认识世界，人人皆知。首先，我们需要问题。然后，为了寻找答案，我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实。之后，我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证，以找到正确答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。 然而，17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根（1561—1626）提出用这种思考方式获取知识时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。当然，探索知识并不是那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在。那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱（1564—1642）那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。教会和多数人一样往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东西。事实上，当伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相信他，而宁愿相信2，000年前的陈旧观点！ 人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德（公元前384—前322）提出的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。亚里士多德坚信地球是宇宙的中心，因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的。但伽利略却不同意。起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。如今这种现象也很常见。如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。但即使是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了无数科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。伽利略自己也犯过错误。虽然他现在被称为天文学之父，但他认为地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆。他错了。 因此，我们对周围世界的认识在不断增长、变化。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的知识，谁也不能停止学习并说：“我们什么都知道。”我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧。他们早就知道，人不可能什么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，因为那意味着这个世界没有了疑问。 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。
Step One： Pre-reading
As learners， what can you conclude from Francis Bacon and Galileo Galilei？
Discuss in pairs and place a tick in the proper box.（Answers may vary.）
□Learn how to analyse， compare and evaluate what is taught.
□Make proper judgements to guide your own beliefs and actions.
□Demonstrate what you have learnt when assessed.
□Have clear learning goals for yourselves.
□Take the initiative to become autonomous learners.
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（ ）
A.Introduction to some great educators in the world.
B.Analysis of the causes of knowledge and understanding.
C.Introduction to how human acquire knowledge and understanding.
D.Analysis of the method of how to solve the world’s problems.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What’s the very first step of Francis Bacon’s type of thinking？（ ）
A.Raising questions.
B.Observing the world.
C.Thinking over the possible answers.
D.Testing for a right answer.
2.Who solve problems by thinking and analysing according to the passage？（ ）
A.People nowadays.
B.People in the 17th century.
C.Modern scientists and thinkers.
D.Great philosophers.
3.What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the passage？（ ）
A.questions， observe and study， consider and test， find the right answers
B.acquire the knowledge， understanding， find the right answers， consider and test
C.observe， study， consider， find the right answers
D.questions， find the right answers， observe，test
4.What does the sentence “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered； the point is to discover them.” imply？（ ）
A.All truths are easy to discover.
B.It’s most important to discover truths.
C.It’s more important to understand truths than to discover them.
D.If we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.
5.What’s the purpose of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the third paragraph？（ ）
A.Aristotle was wrong.
B.It’s unbelievable for great men to be wrong.
C.Galileo Galilei was wrong.
D.Everyone can be wrong at times.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing Francis Bacon and Galileo Galilei.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the summary sentences.
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1.At that time， people believed more in the church than in facts， and people like Galileo Galilei（1564－1642）， who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
句式分析：本句是一个由and连接的 句；第二个分句中，主语是 ，谓语是 ；介词短语like Galileo Galilei作people的 ，who proved the idea ...是 从句，补充说明Galileo Galilei；with no one coming to their defence是with复合结构在句中作 。
自主翻译：
2.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
句式分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中who引导 从句；that引导 从句。
自主翻译：
Ⅲ.讨论
1.What do you think of people like Aristotle and Galileo Galilei？
2.What should you do as a student in acquiring knowledge？
核心词汇集释
1.worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
教材原句 Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England， his true interest was not the day-to-day， slow and inefficient working style of the government， but the worthy search for knowledge.
尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。
【用法】
（1）be worthy （2）worth adj. 值得；有价值 be worth （3）worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得花时间/金钱/精力的 值得做某事
【佳句】 Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures， I think this festival is well worthy to be experienced. （建议信）
既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
【用准】 （1）worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；（2）worthy和worthwhile既可作表语也可作定语。
【练透】 选词填空/完成句子
①This article is well reading， but it is not of being translated.So I feel that all your effort isn’t .（worthy/worth/worthwhile）
② literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.
读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们对社会和生活了解更多。
【写美】 一句多译
③这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
→The reference book ， because it is a great help for your study.（worthy）
→The reference book ， because it is a great help for your study.（worth）
2.approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准
教材原句 At first， people approved of his studies and urged him to continue， but later when he proved Aristotle wrong， they grew angry and put him in prison.起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。
【用法】
（1）approve of （sb/one’s） doing sth 赞成/同意（某人）做某事 （2）approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；通过 give one’s approval to ... 同意/批准……
【佳句】 After seeing her improvement， her coach approved her participation in the national competition.She was so excited that she didn’t fall asleep all night.（动作描写）
看到她的进步后，教练同意她参加全国比赛。她如此激动以至于一晚上都没睡着。
【练透】 语块表达/单句语法填空
①You made a good decision， and I thoroughly （同意） it.
②I approve of your （try） to earn some money，but please don’t neglect your study.
【写美】 完成句子
③After a heated discussion，the teacher finally at school.（approval）
经过一番热烈的讨论，老师最终同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。
3.urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 n.强烈的欲望；冲动
【用法】
（1）urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that ...（should） do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事 It is urged that ...（should） do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事 （2）have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 （3）urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
【佳句】 My friend urged me to try the new roller coaster， promising an unforgettable experience. （动作描写）
我的朋友敦促我尝试新的过山车，承诺会有一次难忘的体验。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is urged that all the lamps （turn） out during the night.
②After I have received my bonus，I have an urge （buy） many science fictions.
③My boss urged me （calculate） the salaries of all the salesmen and saleswomen.
④So they decided to flee to Switzerland，but her husband told her to leave first，saying he had something （urge） to deal with.
【写美】 句型转换
⑤My boss urged .（用复合句改写句③）
4.abandon vt.放弃；抛弃；沉迷于
教材原句 They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true.
他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。
【用法】
（1）abandon oneself to （doing） sth 沉湎于（做）某事；纵情于（做）某事 abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 （2）abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to （doing） sth 沉湎于（做）某事
【佳句】 I was about to abandon hope when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. （动作描写）
我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He abandoned （ask） for his guidance， which was beyond our expectations.
②I abandoned （I） to computer games，so I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.
【写美】 句型转换
③ ，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.（用动词-ed形式短语作状语改写句②）
5.assumption n.假定，假设
教材原句 People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right， then it must be so.
如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。
【用法】
（1）make the/an assumption 作出假设 on the assumption that ... 假定……；假设…… （2）assume vt. 以为；假设 assume ...to be ... 假定/假设……是…… It is generally assumed that ... 人们普遍认为…… （3）assuming/assume that ... 假设/假定……
【佳句】 The teacher assumed the new student to be shy because he didn’t participate in class discussions during his first week. （人物描写）
老师认为这位新生很害羞，因为他在第一周的课堂讨论中没有参与。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We make an （assume） that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making preparations.
② the assumption that the forest was safe， they set up camp， only to hear strange noises at night.
【写美】 句型转换
③People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→
（it作形式主语；not only ...but also ...的倒装句）
6.owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于；欠（债）；欠（账）
教材原句 We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。
【用法】
（1）owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth 把某事归功于某人/某事 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 owe it to sb that/to do ... 把……归功于某人 （2）owing to 因为，由于
【佳句】 I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
周五下午我不能和你一起去书店，我得向你道歉。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I must say I owe all the achievements the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.
【写美】 句型转换
②Thanks to his optimism and perseverance，he was admitted into Peking University.
→ he was admitted into Peking University.（强调句）
③I owe my great progress in English learning to you.
→ （owe it to sb that）
7.vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
教材原句 These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more vital to a man， and more beneficial to mankind， some might say， than all the money in the world.
这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。
【用法】
be vital for/to ... 对……极其重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that sb should do sth 某人做某事是极其重要的
【佳句】 Without the oceans， no living things would survive.So the oceans are vital for us. （演讲稿）
没有海洋，生物就无法生存。因此，海洋对我们极其重要。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Enough sleep is vital the students’ well-being and health.
②As far as I’m concerned， it is vital （keep） accurate records.
【写美】 完成句子
③Besides， you should mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party.（建议信）
此外，当你在中国参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是极其重要的。
8.beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
【用法】
（1）be beneficial to ... 对……有益；有益于 （2）benefit n. 好处，益处 vt.& vi. 有益于，有助于 be of benefit to ... 对……有益；有益于 for the benefit of 为了……的利益 benefit from/by 从……中受益；得益于……
【佳句】 I am confident that your involvement will be greatly beneficial to our studies.（邀请信）
我相信你的参与将对我们的学习大有裨益。
The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all.新规章制度将对我们大家大有好处。
【练透】 语块表达/单句语法填空
①You can also go over the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to （从中获益） it.
②Reading English classics is very （benefit） to us， so let’s begin right now.
【写美】 句型转换
③Reading English classics ， so let’s begin right now.（用名词benefit改写句②）
④Reading English classics ， so let’s begin right now.（用动词benefit改写句②）
重点句型解构
◇句型公式：it作形式主语
教材原句 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle （384－322 BCE）.
人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德（公元前384—前322）提出的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。
【用法】
（1）It is/was＋形容词（surprising/strange/vital/important/necessary/obvious/possible/...）＋that 从句 （2）It is/was＋过去分词（said/thought/believed/supposed/reported/...）＋that 从句 （3）It is/was＋名词短语 （a pity/a shame/a fact/a good idea/no wonder/...）＋that 从句
【品悟】 It was surprising that she passed the difficult exam. （人物描写）
令人惊讶的是，她通过了这次有难度的考试。
【写美】 完成句子
① you should know about the table manners of China.
你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。
② IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
一般认为，IT行业既有优点也有缺点。
③ English is being accepted as an international language.
英语被公认是一种国际语言，这是事实。
Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 UNDERSTANDING
【文本透析·剖语篇】
Step Two
Ⅰ.C
Ⅱ.1－5 ACABD
Ⅲ.1.acquire 2.17th 3.church 4.abandon 5.growing 6.changing 7.owe 8.understanding
Step Three
Ⅰ.1.（1）Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England， his true interest was not the day-to-day， slow and inefficient working style of the government， but the worthy search for knowledge.
（2） ...Galileo Galilei （1564－1642）， who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
（3）We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
2.（1）Therefore， our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words， we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say， “We know it all.”
（2）These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more vital to a man， and more beneficial to mankind， some might say， than all the money in the world.
Ⅱ.1.并列复合 people were often punished 后置定语 非限制性定语 状语
那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱（1564—1642）那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
2.非限制性定语 定语
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。
Ⅲ.1.They were great men in history.It was the contributions they made that got our understanding of the world to improve.
2.As students， we should acquire knowledge in a scientific way.Firstly， raise questions.Secondly， analyse questions.Finally， find the right answers.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①worth； worthy； worthwhile ②It’s worthwhile reading/to read ③is worthy to be bought/of being bought； is worth buying
2.①approve of ②trying ③gave his approval to us making a video to record our experiences
3.①（should） be turned ②to buy ③to calculate ④urgent
⑤that I （should） calculate the salaries of all the salesmen and saleswomen
4.①asking ②myself ③Abandoned to computer games
5.①assumption ②On ③It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but it can also strengthen our memory.
6.①to ②It was owing to his optimism and perseverance that ③I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning.
7.①for/to ②to keep ③it’s vital that
8.①benefit from/by ②beneficial ③is of great benefit to us
④benefits us greatly
重点句型解构
①It is necessary that ②It is generally believed that
③It is a fact that
12 / 12(共115张PPT)
Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 UNDERSTANDING
目 录
01
篇章助解·释疑难
02
文本透析·剖语篇
03
核心知识·巧突破
04
课时检测·提能力
篇章助解·释疑难
It seems obvious① now how we acquire knowledge and
understanding.To start with， we need questions.Then， to find
answers， we observe the world around us and study the facts.After
that， we consider possible answers and test each to find the right
ones.Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a
search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer， modern
scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this
type of analysis② — luckily for us.
[1]However， in the 17th century when Francis Bacon （1561－
1626） suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain
knowledge， he was going against the views of the day.[2]Although
Bacon held an important rank③ in King James’ royal④ court of
England， his true interest was not the day-to-day， slow and inefficient⑤
working style of the government， but the worthy⑥ search for
knowledge.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his
days.[3]At that time， people believed more in the church⑦ than in
facts， and people like Galileo Galilei （1564－1642）， who proved the
idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe⑧”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.In fact， when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe， instead of believing him， people chose to believe views that were almost 2，000 years old！
[1]本句为主从复合句。句中when引导定语从句；that引导宾语
从句。
[2]本句为主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；主句
中含有not ...but ...句型，意为“不是……而是……”。
[3]本句为并列复合句。句中and连接两个并列分句；第二个并
列分句中，who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Galileo Galilei；
that引导同位语从句，解释名词idea的内容。
①obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的
②analysis n.分析
③rank n.等级
④royal adj.皇家的；王室的
⑤inefficient adj.效率低的
⑥worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
⑦church n.教会；教堂
⑧universe n.宇宙
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive⑨
ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle
（384－322 BCE⑩）.He said that the Earth must be the centre of the
universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still.Galilei
disagreed.[4]At first， people approved of his studies and urged him
to continue， but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison .They didn’t want to abandon
what they’d always thought as true.And this is still often true
today.People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right， then it must be so.But even
though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and
philosophers after him， he was wrong at times.And Galilei also made
mistakes.He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that
the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.He was wrong.
Therefore， our understanding of the world around us is constantly
growing and changing.In other words， we learn more every day and
none of us can ever sit back and say， “We know it all.” We need to
thank the great men of the past for their wisdom .They understood that
we don’t know everything and probably never will， for that would
mean a world without questions.
[5]We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the
world to people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step
out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the
kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.These
men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more
vital to a man， and more beneficial to mankind ， some might say，
than all the money in the world.
[4]本句为并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列分句；第二个并列
分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
[5]本句为主从复合句。句中who和that均引导定语从句。
⑨primitive adj.原始的
⑩BCE （before Common Era）公元前
approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准
urge vt.强烈要求；敦促
prison n.监狱
abandon vt.放弃；抛弃
assumption n.假定，假设
respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的
wisdom n.智慧
owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于
shadow n.阴影
conventional adj.守旧的；传统的
kingdom n.王国
civilisation n.文明
vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
mankind n.人类
参考译文
今天，如何获取知识、认识世界，人人皆知。首先，我们需要问
题。然后，为了寻找答案，我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实。之
后，我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证，以找到正确答案。尽管我们现
在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答
案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们
应该为此感到庆幸。
然而，17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根（1561—1626）提出用这种思
考方式获取知识时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。尽管培根在
英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复
一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。当然，探
索知识并不是那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在。那时人们相信教会胜过
相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱（1564—1642）那样证明了“地球不是
宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。教
会和多数人一样往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东
西。事实上，当伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相
信他，而宁愿相信2，000年前的陈旧观点！
人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德（公元前384—前322）提出
的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。亚里士多德坚信地球是宇宙的
中心，因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的。但伽利略却不同意。起初人
们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有
错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。他们并不想放弃自己一直认
为正确的知识。如今这种现象也很常见。如果一个重要的、受人尊敬
的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。但即使
是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了无数科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也
会犯错误。伽利略自己也犯过错误。虽然他现在被称为天文学之父，
但他认为地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆。他错了。
因此，我们对周围世界的认识在不断增长、变化。换句话说，我
们每天都在学习更多的知识，谁也不能停止学习并说：“我们什么都
知道。”我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧。他们早就知道，人不可能什
么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，因为那意味着这个世
界没有了疑问。
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略
这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了
构建当今文明的知识王国。这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是
值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而
言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。
文本透析·剖语篇
Step One： Pre-reading
As learners， what can you conclude from
Francis Bacon and Galileo Galilei？
Discuss in pairs and place a tick in the proper box.
（Answers may vary.）
□Learn how to analyse， compare and evaluate what is taught.
□Make proper judgements to guide your own beliefs and actions.
□Demonstrate what you have learnt when assessed.
□Have clear learning goals for yourselves.
□Take the initiative to become autonomous learners.
Step Two： While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What’s the main idea of the text？（ ）
A. Introduction to some great educators in the world.
B. Analysis of the causes of knowledge and understanding.
C. Introduction to how human acquire knowledge and understanding.
D. Analysis of the method of how to solve the world’s problems.
√
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What’s the very first step of Francis Bacon’s type of thinking？
（ ）
A. Raising questions.
B. Observing the world.
C. Thinking over the possible answers.
D. Testing for a right answer.
√
2. Who solve problems by thinking and analysing according to the
passage？（ ）
A. People nowadays.
B. People in the 17th century.
C. Modern scientists and thinkers.
D. Great philosophers.
√
3. What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding
according to the passage？（ ）
A. questions， observe and study， consider and test， find the right
answers
B. acquire the knowledge， understanding， find the right answers，
consider and test
C. observe， study， consider， find the right answers
D. questions， find the right answers， observe，test
√
4. What does the sentence “All truths are easy to understand once they
are discovered； the point is to discover them.” imply？（ ）
A. All truths are easy to discover.
B. It’s most important to discover truths.
C. It’s more important to understand truths than to discover them.
D. If we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.
√
5. What’s the purpose of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are
referred to in the third paragraph？（ ）
A. Aristotle was wrong.
B. It’s unbelievable for great men to be wrong.
C. Galileo Galilei was wrong.
D. Everyone can be wrong at times.
√
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.品课文佳句
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing Francis
Bacon and Galileo Galilei.
（1）Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court
of England， his true interest was not the day-to-day， slow and
inefficient working style of the government， but the worthy search for
knowledge.
（2） ...Galileo Galilei （1564－1642）， who proved the idea that
“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by
the church with no one coming to their defence.
（3）We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world
to people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step out
from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of
knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the summary sentences.
（1）Therefore， our understanding of the world around us is constantly
growing and changing.In other words， we learn more every day and
none of us can ever sit back and say， “We know it all.”
（2）These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to
fight for； more vital to a man， and more beneficial to mankind， some
might say， than all the money in the world.
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1. At that time， people believed more in the church than in facts， and
people like Galileo Galilei（1564－1642）， who proved the idea that
“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by
the church with no one coming to their defence.
句式分析：本句是一个由and连接的 句；第二个分句
中，主语是 ，谓语是 ；介词短语like
Galileo Galilei作people的 ，who proved the idea ...
是 从句，补充说明Galileo Galilei；with no one
coming to their defence是with复合结构在句中作 。
自主翻译：
并列复合
people
were often punished
后置定语
非限制性定语
状语
那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱
（1564—1642）那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被
教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
2. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to
people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step out from
the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of
knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
句式分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中who引导
从句；that引导 从句。
自主翻译：
非限制性定语
定语
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根
和伽利略这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我
们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。
Ⅲ.讨论
1. What do you think of people like Aristotle and Galileo Galilei？
2. What should you do as a student in acquiring knowledge？
They were great men in history.It was the contributions they made that got
our understanding of the world to improve.
As students， we should acquire knowledge in a scientific way.Firstly，
raise questions.Secondly， analyse questions.Finally， find the right
answers.
核心知识·巧突破
核心词汇集释
1. worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
教材原句 Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal
court of England， his true interest was not the day-to-day， slow and
inefficient working style of the government， but the worthy search for
knowledge.尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正
感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得
探索的知识。
【用法】
（1）be worthy
（2）worth adj. 值得；有价值
be worth
（3）worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得花时间/金钱/精力的
值得做某事
【佳句】 Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures， I
think this festival is well worthy to be experienced.（建议信）
既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
【用准】 （1）worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；
（2）worthy和worthwhile既可作表语也可作定语。
【练透】 选词填空/完成句子
①This article is well reading， but it is not of
being translated.So I feel that all your effort isn’t .
（worthy/worth/worthwhile）
② literary books because they can
help us to know more about the society and life.
读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们对社会和生活了解更多。
worth
worthy
worthwhile
It’s worthwhile reading/to read
【写美】 一句多译
③这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
→The reference book ，
because it is a great help for your study.（worthy）
→The reference book ， because it is a great help for
your study.（worth）
is worthy to be bought/of being bought
is worth buying
2. approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准
教材原句 At first， people approved of his studies and urged him to
continue， but later when he proved Aristotle wrong， they grew angry
and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士
多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。
【用法】
（1）approve of （sb/one’s） doing sth 赞成/同意（某人）做某事
（2）approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；通过
give one’s approval to ... 同意/批准……
【佳句】 After seeing her improvement， her coach approved her
participation in the national competition.She was so excited that she
didn’t fall asleep all night.（动作描写）
看到她的进步后，教练同意她参加全国比赛。她如此激动以至于一晚
上都没睡着。
【练透】 语块表达/单句语法填空
①You made a good decision， and I thoroughly （同
意） it.
②I approve of your （try） to earn some money，but please
don’t neglect your study.
approve of
trying
【写美】 完成句子
③After a heated discussion，the teacher finally
at school.（approval）
经过一番热烈的讨论，老师最终同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的
经历。
gave his approval to us
making a video to record our experiences
【用法】
（1）urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that ...（should） do sth极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that ...（should） do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
（2）have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事
（3）urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
3. urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 n.强烈的欲望；冲动
【佳句】 My friend urged me to try the new roller coaster， promising
an unforgettable experience. （动作描写）
我的朋友敦促我尝试新的过山车，承诺会有一次难忘的体验。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is urged that all the lamps （should） be turned （turn） out during
the night.
②After I have received my bonus，I have an urge （buy）
many science fictions.
③My boss urged me （calculate） the salaries of all the
salesmen and saleswomen.
④So they decided to flee to Switzerland，but her husband told her to
leave first，saying he had something （urge） to deal with.
to buy
to calculate
urgent
【写美】 句型转换
⑤My boss urged
.（用复合句改写句③）
that I （should） calculate the salaries of all the
salesmen and saleswomen
4. abandon vt.放弃；抛弃；沉迷于
教材原句 They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought
as true.
他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。
【用法】
（1）abandon oneself to （doing） sth
沉湎于（做）某事；纵情于（做）某事
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
（2）abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to （doing） sth 沉湎于（做）某事
【佳句】 I was about to abandon hope when my father came and
encouraged me to keep going. （动作描写）
我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He abandoned （ask） for his guidance， which was
beyond our expectations.
②I abandoned （I） to computer games，so I performed
extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.
asking
myself
【写美】 句型转换
③ ，I performed extremely badly in
the end-of-term examination.（用动词-ed形式短语作状语改写句②）
Abandoned to computer games
5. assumption n.假定，假设
教材原句 People make the assumption that if someone important and
respected says that something is right， then it must be so.如果一个重要
的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是
对的。
【用法】
（1）make the/an assumption 作出假设
on the assumption that ... 假定……；假设……
（2）assume vt. 以为；假设
assume ...to be ... 假定/假设……是……
It is generally assumed that ... 人们普遍认为……
（3）assuming/assume that ... 假设/假定……
【佳句】 The teacher assumed the new student to be shy
because he didn’t participate in class discussions during his first
week. （人物描写）
老师认为这位新生很害羞，因为他在第一周的课堂讨论中没有参与。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We make an （assume） that everyone invited will
turn up at the party and is making preparations.
② the assumption that the forest was safe， they set up camp，
only to hear strange noises at night.
assumption
On
【写美】 句型转换
③People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves
but also strengthen our memory.
→
（it作形式主语；not
only ...but also ...的倒装句）
It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh
ourselves but it can also strengthen our memory.
6. owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于；欠（债）；欠（账）
教材原句 We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the
world to people like Bacon and Galilei， who were brave enough to step
out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom
of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略这样
的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建
当今文明的知识王国。
【用法】
（1）owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth 把某事归功于某人/某事
owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉
owe it to sb that/to do ... 把……归功于某人
（2）owing to 因为，由于
【佳句】 I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you
on Friday afternoon.
周五下午我不能和你一起去书店，我得向你道歉。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I must say I owe all the achievements the encouragement and
help from my colleagues and friends.
to
【写美】 句型转换
②Thanks to his optimism and perseverance，he was admitted into Peking
University.
→ he was
admitted into Peking University.（强调句）
③I owe my great progress in English learning to you.
→
（owe it to sb that）
It was owing to his optimism and perseverance that
I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning.
7. vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
教材原句 These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things
to fight for； more vital to a man， and more beneficial to mankind，
some might say， than all the money in the world.
这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所
言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更
有益。
【用法】
be vital for/to ... 对……极其重要
It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要
It is vital that sb should do sth 某人做某事是极其重要的
【佳句】 Without the oceans， no living things would survive.So the
oceans are vital for us. （演讲稿）
没有海洋，生物就无法生存。因此，海洋对我们极其重要。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Enough sleep is vital the students’ well-being and health.
②As far as I’m concerned， it is vital （keep） accurate
records.
for/to
to keep
【写美】 完成句子
③Besides， you should mind your table manners in
China when you attend a dinner party.（建议信）
此外，当你在中国参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是极其重要的。
it’s vital that
【用法】
（1）be beneficial to ... 对……有益；有益于
（2）benefit n. 好处，益处
vt.& vi. 有益于，有助于
be of benefit to ... 对……有益；有益于
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
benefit from/by 从……中受益；得益于……
8. beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
【佳句】 I am confident that your involvement will be greatly
beneficial to our studies. （邀请信）
我相信你的参与将对我们的学习大有裨益。
The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all.新规章制度将对我
们大家大有好处。
【练透】 语块表达/单句语法填空
①You can also go over the knowledge at the same time and you are sure
to （从中获益） it.
②Reading English classics is very （benefit） to us， so
let’s begin right now.
benefit from/by
beneficial
【写美】 句型转换
③Reading English classics ， so let’s begin
right now.（用名词benefit改写句②）
④Reading English classics ， so let’s begin right
now.（用动词benefit改写句②）
is of great benefit to us
benefits us greatly
重点句型解构
◇句型公式：it作形式主语
教材原句 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these
primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher
Aristotle （384－322 BCE）.
人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德（公元前384—前322）提出的那
些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。
【用法】
（1）It is/was＋形容词
（surprising/strange/vital/important/necessary/obvious/possible/...）＋
that 从句
（2）It is/was＋过去分词
（said/thought/believed/supposed/reported/...）＋that 从句
（3）It is/was＋名词短语 （a pity/a shame/a fact/a good idea/no
wonder/...）＋that 从句
【品悟】 It was surprising that she passed the difficult exam.
（人物描写）
令人惊讶的是，她通过了这次有难度的考试。
【写美】 完成句子
① you should know about the table manners of
China.
你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。
② IT has both advantages and
disadvantages.
一般认为，IT行业既有优点也有缺点。
③ English is being accepted as an international
language.
英语被公认是一种国际语言，这是事实。
It is necessary that
It is generally believed that
It is a fact that
课时检测·提能力
维度一：品句填词
1. As we all know， teaching is a （值得尊敬的） cause.
2. The soldier worked hard and finally achieved a higher （等
级） in the army， becoming a respected officer.
3. The town has four （教堂）， one of which dates back
to 1882.
worthy
rank
churches
4. The students have read about the theories of how the （宇
宙） began.
5. We （把……归功于） our discovery to the advanced
equipment and the experienced researcher.
6. The team decided to （放弃） their original plan after
encountering numerous unforeseen challenges.
7. The building cast its s across the street.
8. Now this former r palace is open to the public as a major tourist
attraction.
universe
owe
abandon
hadow
oyal
9. They can climb about in the bushes， looking very much like
p birds.
10. Understanding history is v to understanding ourselves as a
people and as a nation.
rimitive
ital
1. With Mum’s （approve）， John got to prepare the
oven.
2. Experience is the mother of （wise）.
3. She is a well （respect） member of the international
community.
4. It can be （benefit） to share your feelings with
someone you trust.
5. The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for
（analyse）.
approval
wisdom
respected
beneficial
analysis
维度二：词形转换
6. Many of us try to reduce lots of weight with an
（assume） that being overweight leads to heart diseases.
7. It’s taken a long time to break out of my own
（convention） training.
8. The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress
and （civilise）.
assumption
conventional
civilisation
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （很显然） she was not going home.
2. As far as we all are concerned， consideration for other people
（对……极其重要）all of us.
3. It’s not surprising that her mother doesn’t （同意）
her idea.
4. I must say （我把所有的成就归功
于） the encouragement and support from you.
It was quite obvious that
is
vital to/for
approve of
I owe all the achievements to
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I was eleven， my mom and dad died.I was left caring for my
younger brother and felt at a loss.We moved in with my grandparents in
Nandi.Though I wanted an education， they insisted that education
didn’t matter for girls.
So I’d wake up in the mornings， sweep the house， wash the
dishes， cook breakfast， and run to school.Despite all this， I was
admitted to one of Kenya’s top high schools elsewhere.However，
poverty did not allow me to stay in school.I was constantly sent home for
school fees.That was when I met Akili Dada， a nonprofit supporting
girls’ education.They offered me a scholarship， which changed my life
and gave me a new focus in life.They not only focused on educating me，
but also building me as a person.For the first time I felt empowered to
focus on my schooling and appreciate the person I was.I went from the
bottom of the class to being a top student and finished high school with an
A average.
In 2015， I received a MasterCard scholarship to study Management
Information Systems at Ashesi University in Ghana.This course， which
combines business and computer science， is a step toward my dream of
earning a PhD and working for the United Nations （UN）.
When I was growing up in Nandi， the village had no lawyers or
doctors.To fill the gap， I created a program called Life Lifters， which
aims to empower the youth to be innovative， create change， and see
value in education.
I am the first generation in my village to study abroad and I hope to
inspire the youth in my area to focus on education and create wealth for
themselves.I firmly believe in the power of education for girls.If girls
understand their rights and work for them， then we can grow a society
where the same value is placed on both male and female.It shouldn’t
matter whether you’re a boy or a girl — you are a human being， which
is what Akili Dada taught me.In the end I wish to be a resource to
women， and the world in general.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的成长经历，
包括父母去世后的生活变化、接受教育的挑战与机遇，以及通过自
己的努力和对教育的坚持所取得的成就和未来的愿景。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的成长经历，
包括父母去世后的生活变化、接受教育的挑战与机遇，以及通过自
己的努力和对教育的坚持所取得的成就和未来的愿景。
1. Why did the author feel at a loss at eleven？（ ）
A. The loss of parents led to an uncertain future.
B. She and her brother were sent away from home.
C. Her grandparents could hardly support her living.
D. She had to move to another village for schooling.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，作者十一岁时父母
去世，留下她照顾年幼的弟弟，因此她感到茫然。
√
2. What made the author close to quitting high school？（ ）
A. Her poor academic performance.
B. The prejudice against girls on campus.
C. Lack of continuous financial support.
D. The distance from school to her home.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的However， poverty did not
allow me ...for school fees.可知，作者因为贫困而无法继续留在学
校，经常因为学费问题被学校赶回家。
√
3. How did Akili Dada benefit the author？（ ）
A. By restoring her dignity.
B. By introducing her to the UN.
C. By training her for a job.
D. By teaching her computer skills.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的They offered me a scholarship ...but also building me as a person.可知，Akili Dada 通过提供奖学金和支持，帮助作者恢复了自尊和自信，使她能够面对生活的挑战，并有了积极的人生态度。
√
4. What is the purpose of Life Lifters？（ ）
A. To select potential young talents for UN jobs.
B. To provide scholarships for poor girls in Nandi.
C. To inspire awareness of education in local youth.
D. To make new technology available in rural areas.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Life Lifters 项目是为
了激励年轻人认识到教育的价值。
√
B
Overcoming Adversity through Education
Education has always been a powerful tool for overcoming
adversity.This was certainly true for Malala Yousafzai， a Pakistani
activist for female education who faced extreme challenges in pursuit of
her goals.
Malala was born in a small village in Pakistan’s Swat Valley.From a
young age， she was passionate about education and dreamed of becoming
a doctor.However， her dreams were threatened by the Taliban， who
had taken control of the valley and banned girls from attending school.
Despite the danger， Malala continued to attend school secretly.She
even blogged about her experiences under a pseudonym， drawing
international attention to the plight of girls in Swat Valley.Her bravery and
determination earned her the nickname “Gul Makai”， which means
“poppy flower” in Pashto， a language spoken in the region.
In 2012， Malala’s courage was tested to the limit.She was shot in
the head by the Taliban while returning home from school.The attack left
her seriously injured， but it also sparked a global movement for girls’
education.Malala’s story inspired millions of people around the world，
and she became a symbol of resilience and hope.
After recovering from her injuries， Malala continued her
education.She moved to the United Kingdom and attended school there，
eventually going to college and earning a degree.Today， she is an
advocate for girls’ education and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
Malala’s journey is a testament to the power of education.Despite
facing extreme adversity， she never gave up on her dreams.Through
education， she has been able to overcome her challenges and make a
positive impact on the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述马拉拉·优素福扎伊的
故事，展现了教育在克服逆境中的力量。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述马拉拉·优素福扎伊的
故事，展现了教育在克服逆境中的力量。
5. What is the main theme of the passage？（ ）
A. The importance of education in overcoming adversity.
B. The history of the Taliban in Pakistan.
C. The dangers of blogging under a pseudonym.
D. The challenges of attending school in rural areas.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段以及最后一段
可知，本文的主题是教育在克服逆境中的重要性。
√
6. Where was Malala Yousafzai born？（ ）
A. In a large city in Pakistan.
B. In a small village in Swat Valley.
C. In the United Kingdom.
D. In a region where Pashto is not spoken.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，马拉拉·优素福扎伊
出生在斯瓦特山谷的一个小村庄。
√
7. What nickname did Malala earn for her bravery and determination？
（ ）
A. Gul Makai.
B. Poppy Flower.
C. Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
D. Doctor Malala.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，马拉拉的勇敢和
决心为她赢得了“Gul Makai”的绰号。
√
8. What happened to Malala in 2012？（ ）
A. She won the Nobel Peace Prize.
B. She moved to the United Kingdom.
C. She was shot in the head by the Taliban.
D. She earned a degree from college.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，2012年马拉拉被塔
利班击中头部。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
My son “graduated” from primary school this week.I put the word
in quotes （引号） because as a rising 7th grader， he wasn’t receiving
a 9 and because the school used a 10 term to describe the special
moment.This term felt more 11 than the traditional name of
the 12 of one stage of a person’s education： they called it Moving
On.
At the Moving On Ceremony， each 6th grader 13 one sentence
on what they appreciated or would 14 about their primary school
years.One 15 words caught my attention — he said he was thankful
for what he called “a step on the ladder （梯子）”.I was really 16
by this 11-year-old’s ability to 17 the heart of the “moving on”
moment.That was totally beyond my imagination.
Growing up is the work of a 18 — a ladder that has no top.And
the gift of a “moving on” moment is that we can celebrate the firm
foothold （立足点） we’ve got on our 19 step because what
we’ve 20 so far can help us move ahead toward tomorrow.
We look forward to our son 21 more graduations in his
lifetime.But perhaps more than that， we hope that he will have the ability
to 22 many “moving on” moments to celebrate with 23 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述儿子的小学“毕业”
仪式，以及对于“继续前行”时刻的理解和感悟，表达了对孩子成
长的期待和祝愿。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述儿子的小学“毕业”
仪式，以及对于“继续前行”时刻的理解和感悟，表达了对孩子成
长的期待和祝愿。
9. A. gift B. degree C. prize D. letter
解析： 根据上文以及空后because引导的原因状语从句可推测，作
者的儿子并没有获得学位。
10. A. popular B. normal
C. different D. traditional
解析： 根据上文以及下句中的they called it Moving On可知，作者
儿子的学校使用了不同的术语来描述这个特殊的时刻。
√
√
11. A. interesting B. comfortable
C. meaningful D. fashionable
解析： 根据下文they called it Moving On以及文章末句可推测，作
者认为这个术语更有意义。
√
12. A. task B. course C. goal D. end
解析： 根据文章首句可知，作者的儿子小学教育阶段结束时获得
了这个术语。由此推断，空处指的是教育阶段的结束。
√
13. A. shared B. practised
C. learned D. translated
解析： 根据下句可知，在仪式上，每个学生要分享一句话。
√
14. A. consider B. imagine
C. miss D. explore
解析： 根据空后的about their primary school years以及上文作者所
提及的这个仪式发生在小学毕业的时候可推测，孩子的发言是表达对
自己小学生活的感激和怀念。
√
15. A. parent’s B. student’s
C. teacher’s D. cleaner’s
解析： 根据上句可知，每个六年级学生都要分享一句话。由此推
断，空处指的是学生的发言。
16. A. confused B. encouraged
C. disappointed D. struck
解析： 根据下句可知，这个孩子的发言触动了作者的内心。
√
√
17. A. sum up B. set down
C. debate over D. refer to
解析： 根据上句可知，作者对这个孩子能够总结出“继续前行”
时刻的核心意义感到惊叹。sum up总结； set down记下； debate over
辩论； refer to提到。
√
18. A. year B. lifetime
C. month D. moment
解析： 根据空后的a ladder that has no top可知，成长是一生的
工作。
19. A. final B. present
C. upward D. future
解析： 根据空前的we can celebrate the firm foothold 可推测，这里
的立足点指的是我们目前所获得的一切。
√
√
20. A. applied B. delivered
C. demanded D. achieved
解析： 根据空后的so far can help us move ahead toward tomorrow以
及阶梯的作用可知，我们今天所取得的成就可以帮助我们迈向未来。
21. A. holding B. designing
C. revising D. experiencing
解析： 根据空后的more graduations in his lifetime可知，作为父
母，自然希望孩子以后会体验更多的毕业时刻。
√
√
22. A. recognize B. prepare
C. relate D. stress
解析： 根据空后的many “moving on” moments以及上文作者希
望儿子能够有很多体验可知，作者希望儿子能够认识到许多值得感激
的“继续前行”时刻。
23. A. patience B. kindness
C. appreciation D. admiration
解析： 根据第二段第二句可知，作者希望儿子以后能够拥有感激
之心。
√
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Think about it like this： you wouldn’t throw a kid into the deep
end of the pool without teaching them how 24. （swim）， right？ In 25. same way， we can’t expect our students to sail in the vast online ocean without teaching them skills.
Today’s children are born into a world 26. smartphones， tablets， and computers are as commonplace as toys and playgrounds.
Teaching them the basics of cybersecurity is like giving them a life ring in
that digital sea.
Cybersecurity education isn’t just about memorizing rules and tips.
It’s about 27. （develop） critical thinking and problem-
solving skills.By teaching students to analyze the legitimacy （合理性）
of websites， emails and online messages， we empower them to think
28. （critical）.
Cyberbullying is also a significant concern.Kids can
29. （target） through social media， text messages， or
online gaming platforms.Teaching our students about online etiquette
（礼节） and the consequences of cyberbullying is essential.Moreover，
our kids can have the ability to protect 30. （they） in an
increasingly digital world.
By teaching cybersecurity early， we’re preparing students for
future career 31. （opportunity）.The demand
32. cybersecurity professionals is booming and it’s only
expected to grow.
Teaching cybersecurity in every classroom is a no-brainer.The skills
they gain in the classroom won’t just keep them safe online.They
33. （be） valuable in countless aspects of their lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是网络安全的重要性，
以及在学校进行网络安全教育的好处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是网络安全的重要性，
以及在学校进行网络安全教育的好处。
24. to swim 考查非谓语动词。此处为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结
构，空处作宾语。故填to swim。
25. the 考查冠词。短语in the same way表示“同样”。故填the。
26. where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词world，
并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
27. developing 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词的宾语，应用动词-ing
形式。故填developing。
28. critically 考查副词。空处修饰动词think，应用副词。故填
critically。
29. be targeted 考查情态动词和语态。主语与谓语之间构成被动关
系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be targeted。
30. themselves 考查代词。此处指保护儿童“他们自己”，应用反身
代词。故填themselves。
31. opportunities 考查名词复数。根据上文students可知，数量大于
一应用复数形式。故填opportunities。
32. for 考查介词。短语demand for表示“对……的需求”。故填
for。
33. will be 考查时态。此处描述将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故
填will be。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
请你根据下面图片，以Labor Education Counts为题写一篇英语短
文，内容包括：
（1）你对图片的解读；
（2）你的一次劳动体验。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
Labor Education Counts
参考范文：
Labor Education Counts
The picture vividly illustrates that labor education plays an important
role in nurturing teenagers’ development， cultivating their all-round
development of morality， intelligence and physique.Just like the tree in
the picture， it is thriving on the boy’s watering.
When it comes to my experiences of labor， making a fruit plate after
TikTok struck me as an unforgettable one.I first collected some kinds of
fruit like apples， oranges， strawberries and bananas.Then came the
most challenging part， cutting them into the style in the video， which
took me about thirty minutes.After that， I shaped them on a plate into a
blossoming flower with delicious sauce.To my delight， when I served it
to my family， they all spoke highly of it.
No pain， no gain.Through the hands-on experience， not only do I
gain a sense of achievement， but I also appreciate that labor itself is a
kind of enjoyment and a must for our personal growth.
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看
