译林牛津版高二英语模块五Unit2 The environment 语法讲练（2016.9）

·模块五（必修）·
Unit
2
The
environment
现在分词（The
Present
Participle）
【概述】
现在分词(The
Present
Par
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ticiple)由“动词原形+-ing”构成。现在分词也具有双重性，一方面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一方面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语、定语、状语、补足语等，表示主动或正在进行的动作。
My
mother
is
in
the
k
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itchen
making
coffee.
母亲在厨房里煮咖啡。（现在分词起副词的作用，在句中作伴随状语，并且带有自己的宾语）
现在分词
用法
表语、补足语、定语、状语
形式
一般式
主动式：doing
主动的动作正在进行
被动式：being
done
被动的动作正在进行
完成式
主动式：having
done
主动动作发生在句子谓语动作之前
被动式：having
been
done
被动动作发生在句子谓语动作之前
否定式
not
doing
一、现在分词的功能和用法
（一）作定语
单个现在分词作定语时一般放在所修饰的词之前；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现在分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词之后，且可以转化为定语从句。现在分词作定语表示主动或被动，且表示动作正在进行。I
travel
to
u
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nusual
places
and
meet
interesting
people
from
all
over
the
world.
我到奇特的地方旅游，见到世界各地有趣的人。If
you
see
soldiers
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
wearing
sky-blue
helmets,
they
are
United
Nations
peacekeepers.
如果你看见士兵戴着天蓝色的头盔，他们就是联合国维和人员。The
building
being
built
now
will
be
the
library.
=
The
building
which
is
being
built
now
will
be
the
library.
正在建造的大楼是图书馆。
（二）作表语
作表语的现在分词是形容词性的，表示主语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的性质或特征，主语和表语不可换位。Body
language
is
fascinating
for
anyone
to
study.
任何人学体态语都会入迷。The
result
of
the
accident
is
shocking.
事故的结果令人震惊。Travelling
is
interesting
but
tiring.
旅行是有趣的，但也是令人劳累的。【警示误区】作表语的动名词体现名词的特性，对主语的内容解释说明，主语和表语可以换位。My
favorite
part
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was
seeing
the
grizzly
bear
in
the
mountains.
我最喜欢的一段旅程是在山里看到灰熊。（也可以说：Seeing
the
grizzly
bear
in
the
mountains
was
my
favorite
part.）My
main
job
is
collecting
information
about
Mount
Kilauea,
which
is
one
of
the
most
active
volcanoes
in
Hawaii.
我的主要工作是搜集基拉韦厄火山的信息，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。
（三）作补足语
现在分词可以做补足语，主要作主语补足语或宾语补足语，表示主动和动作正在进行，常用于以下三种情况：
1、用于感官动词see,
notice,
observe,
watch,
hear,
feel,
find,
smell等之后。She
could
feel
her
heart
beating
with
fear.
她能感觉到她的心因害怕而跳动。I
looked
down
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
into
the
water
and
could
see
Old
Tom
swimming
by
the
boat,
showing
us
the
way.
我低头看了看水面，看见了老汤姆在船旁边游着，正给我们带路呢。2、用于动词keep,
get,
catch,
leave,
have等之后。Don’t
have
the
students
studying
all
day
long.
不要让学生整天一直在学习。The
passenge
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs
were
kept
waiting
for
two
hours
at
the
airport.
顾客被迫在机场等了两个小时。3、用于with复合结构中。I
couldn’t
do
my
homework
with
that
noise
going
on.
由于噪音不断，我无法做作业。With
so
many
people
looking
at
her,
she
felt
nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
（四）作状语现在分词作状语，修饰动词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。一般来说，现在分词作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1、作时间状语，相当于由when等
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导的时间状语从句。
Seeing
those
pictur
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es,
she
remembered
her
childhood.
看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。（=
When
she
saw
those
pictures...）Having
made
full
preparations,
we
are
ready
for
the
examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（=
After
we
have
made
full
preparations...）
2、作原因状语，相当于由as/bec
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ause/since等引导的原因状语从句。Not
knowing
his
addr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess,
I
can’t
send
this
book
to
him.
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。（=
As
I
don’t
know
his
address...）Being
ill,
he
didn’t
go
to
school
yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（=
Since
he
was
ill...）
3、作结果状语，相当于一个并列
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谓语。His
parents
went
ab
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )road,
leaving
him
alone.
他父母去了国外，留下他孤单一人。（=
...
and
left
him
alone）She
was
so
angry
that
she
threw
the
toy
on
the
ground,
breaking
it
into
pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。（=
...
and
broke
it
into
pieces...）
4、作条件状语，相当于由if,
unles
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s等引导的条件状语从句。Going
straight
down
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
road,
you
will
find
the
department
store.
顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。（=
If
you
go
straight
down
the
road...）Working
hard
at
your
lessons,
you
will
succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。（=
If
you
work
hard
at
your
lessons...）
5、作让步状语，相当于由althoug
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h/though/even
though等引导的让步状语从句。Knowing
all
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is,
they
made
me
pay
for
the
damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。（=
Although
they
knew
all
this...）Working
hard
as
he
did,
he
was
still
unable
to
earn
enough
money
to
buy
a
car.
他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。（=
Though
he
worked
hard
as
he
did...）
6、作行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于一个并列结构。He
lay
on
the
grass
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
staring
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。（=
...and
stared
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time）She
came
into
the
house,
carrying
a
lot
of
books.
她捧着许多书走进了房间。（=
...and
carried
a
lot
of
books）
【警示误区1】现在分词作状语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时的几个特性：（1）时间性：分词动作与谓语动作同时发生时，现在分词用一般式；如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，现在分词用完成式。（2）语态性：现在分词与句子的主语是主谓关系或动宾关系。（3）人称一致性：分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语。Walking
down
the
stree
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t,
he
hears
someone
calling
him.
在街上行走时，他听到有人叫他。(walking表示的动作与谓语hears同时发生；calling作补足语，表示动作正在进行)Having
worked
hard
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
all
day,
I
went
to
bed
early.
(having
worked表示的动作发生在谓语went的动作之前)The
area
being
stud
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied
is
called
an
archeological
site.
正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地点。(现在分词的逻辑主语是the
area，与study是被动关系)Entering
the
classro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om,
I
found
nobody
in
it.
走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering的逻辑主语是I，相当于when
I
entered
the
classroom,
I
found
nobody
in
it.）【警示误区2】高中阶段有一些固定的-ing形式短语，如generally/strictly/personally/broadly
speaking,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
judging
from/by...,
considering...,
talking
of...,
supposing...,
taking…into
consideration
等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种-ing短语称作“悬垂分词”，可当作一个插入语。Generally
speaking
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
boys
are
more
interested
in
science
than
girls.
一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。Judging
from
his
accent,
he
must
come
from
Canada.
从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。Considering
how
poo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
he
was,
we
decided
to
let
him
attend
the
concert
for
free.
考虑到他很穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。
Supposing
it
rains
what
will
you
do
假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？Taking
all
things
into
consideration,
his
work
is
a
successful
one.
全面考虑起来，他的工作还是很成功的。
【训练与巩固】
1.
The
next
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing
he
saw
was
smoke_______
from
behind
the
house.
(2011全国卷)
A.
rose　　
B.
rising
C.
to
rise
D.
risen
2.
Sarah
pretended
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
be
cheerful,
_______
nothing
about
the
argument.
(2011全国卷Ⅱ)
A.
says
B.
said
C.
to
say
D.
saying
3.
Sit
down,
Emma.
You
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
will
only
make
yourself
more
tired,
________
on
your
feet.
(2011北京卷)
A.
to
keep
B.
keeping
C.
having
kept
D.
to
have
kept
4.
Look
over
there
—
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here's
a
very
long,
winding
path
_______
up
to
the
house.
(2011山东卷)
A.
leading
B.
leads
C.
led
D.
to
lead
5.
Recently
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )survey________
prices
of
the
same
goods
in
two
different
supermarkets
has
caused
heated
debate
among
citizens.
(2011江苏卷)
A.
compared
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
comparing
C.
compares
D.
being
compared
6.
One
Sunday
several
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
former
classmates
gathered
at
Tom’s,
________
their
high
school
reunion
the
year
before.
A.
talking
about
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
to
talk
about
C．talked
about
D．having
talked
about
7.
When
I
caught
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )him
________
me,
I
stopped
buying
things
there
and
started
dealing
with
another
shop.
A.
cheated
B.
cheating
C.
to
cheat
D.
to
have
cheated
8.
Microblogs
ex
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )perienced
rapid
growth
in
2012
in
China,
with
the
number
of
microblog
operators,
users
and
visitors
________
several
times.
A.
to
increase
B.
increasing
C.
increased
D.
increase
9.
______
around
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
fire,
the
tourists
danced
with
the
local
people.
(2011辽宁卷)
A.
Gather
B.
To
gather
C.
Gathering
D.
To
be
gathering
10.
More
highways
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
have
been
built
in
China,
______
it
much
easier
for
people
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another.
(2011陕西卷)
A.
making
B.
made
C.
to
make
D.
having
made
11.
Do
you
wake
up
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
every
morning
_______
energetic
and
ready
to
start
a
new
day
（2011湖南卷）
A.
feel
B.
to
feel
C.
feeling
D.
felt
12.
On
receiving
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phone
call
from
his
wife
_______
she
had
a
fall,
Mr.
Gorden
immediately
rushed
home
from
his
office.
(2011江西卷）
A.
says
B.
said
C.
saying
D.
to
say
13.
the
city
center,
we
saw
a
stone
statue
of
about
10
meters
in
height.
A.
Approaching
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
Approached
C.
To
approach
D.
To
be
approached
14.
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
for
help
A.
calling
B.
call
C.
to
call
D.
called
15.
Dina,
for
months
to
find
a
job
as
a
waitress,
finally
took
a
position
at
a
local
advertising
agency.
A.
struggling
B.
struggled
C.
having
struggled
D.
to
struggle
16.
_______
an
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mportant
decision
more
on
emotion
than
on
reason,
you
will
regret
it
sooner
or
later.（2012江苏卷）
A.
Based
B.
Basing
C.
Base
D.
To
base
17.
Pressed
from
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his
parents,
and
______
that
he
has
wasted
too
much
time,
the
boy
is
determined
to
stop
playing
video
games.（2012福建卷）
A.
realizing
B.
realized
C.
to
realize
D.
being
realized
18.
The
old
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
______
them.（2012辽宁卷）
A.
to
follow
B.
following
C.
followed
D.
follows
19.
He
got
up
l
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate
and
hurried
to
his
office,
_____
the
breakfast
untouched.（2012天津卷）
A.
left
B.
to
leave
C.
leaving
D.
having
left
20.
______
to
work
ove
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rtime
that
evening,
I
missed
a
wonderful
film.（2012重庆卷）
A.
Having
been
asked
B.
To
ask
C.
Having
asked
D.
To
be
asked
21.
Lionel
Messi,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______
the
record
for
the
most
goals
in
a
calendar
year,
is
considered
the
most
talented
player
in
Europe.（2013江苏卷）
A.
set
B.
setting
C.
to
set
D.
having
set
22.
When
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
clerk
saw
a
kind
face
wrinkled
in
an
apologetic
smile,
she
stood
rooted
to
the
ground
______
whether
to
stay
or
leave.（2015湖南卷）
A.
wondering
B.
wonder
C.
to
wonder
D.
wondered
23.
In
recen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
years
an
English
word
“infosphere”
has
appeared,
______
the
sense
of
“information”
and
“atmosphere”.（2015福建卷）
A.
combine
B.
combined
C.
combining
D.
being
combined
24.
Newly-built
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oden
cottages
line
the
street,
______
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.（2016北京卷）
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
25.
The
cooling
win
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
swept
through
our
bedroom
windows,
______
air
conditioning
unnecessary.（2016天津卷）
A.
making
B.
to
make
C.
made
D.
being
made
【参考答案和解析】
1、答案B。解析：rise和smoke是
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主动关系，而且他所看到的是正在升起的烟，所以用rise的ing形式。rising短语作smoke的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句，即which
was
rising…
2、答案D。解析:
考查非谓语动词。saying…为现在分词短语，作伴随状语。句意：莎拉假装很高兴，对争论没有说什么。
3、答案B。解析：考查非谓语动词。这里是分词作状语，描述站着的状态，用分词的一般式。句意为：坐下吧，Emma，老是站着会更累的。
4、答案A。解析：考查非谓语动词。从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子结构判断此处需要定语修饰path。lead与path之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此要用现在分词作定语。
5、答案B。考查非谓语动词。从句子结构分析，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语是a
survey，谓语部分是has
caused
heated
debate
among
citizens。因此所填成分是充当survey的后置定语。根据survey和compare之间的关系是主动关系可知选择B项，相当于which
compares…
6、答案A。解析：考查非谓语动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词。根据句意“星期天几个老同学在汤姆家里聚会，谈论着他们一年前的高中校友聚会”可以看出，“谈论”是在这次聚会的过程中发生的，即“谈论”伴随着“聚会”，因此用分词作伴随状语，又因句子主语classmates与动作“谈论”之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词talking
about。
7、答案B。解析：考查非谓语动词。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查catch
sb.
doing…结构，句中的him与动作“欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。
8、答案B。解析：考查非谓语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词。后半句是介词with的复合结构，意在表明微博的经营者、使用者和访问者的数量增加了好几倍。这些人与increase之间是主谓关系，表示状态的持续，故用动词的现在分词形式。
9、答案C。解析：句子主语是the
tourists,
gather和tourists存有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语
10、答案A。解析：考查非谓语动词。maki
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng分词短语表意料之中的结果。而only
to
make则表示意料之外的结果。句意：在中国更多的公路已被修建，这样使得人们从一个地方旅游到另一个地方更为容易。
11、答案C。解析：考查非谓语动词。fee
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ling作伴随状语，故选C。句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？”
12、答案C。解析：非谓语动词修饰phone
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，且表示主动意义，因此选C。句意是“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gorden先生立刻从办公室赶回家。”
13、答案A。解析：考查非谓语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词。现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
14、答案A。解析：考查非谓语动词。空格在句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据
someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。
15、答案C。解析：考查非
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谓语动词。分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took
a
position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
16、答案B。解析：注意本题结构。两个句子之间没有连接词，因此空格要用分词形式。由于句子的主语和动词base之间为主动关系，故选B项。
17、答案A。解析：句子的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语the
boy和动词realize之间为主动关系，所以排除B、D项；非谓语动词在句中作原因状语，而不是表示目的，所以排除C项。正确答案为A项。
18、答案B。解析：考查with复合
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构的用法。由于pet
dog和动词follow之间是主动关系，故选B项。而动词不定式表示将来的动作，不合本题逻辑。
19、答案C。解析：根据句子结构空格用leaving作结果状语。
20、答案A。解析：动词ask和主语I之间为逻辑上的被动关系，排除B、C项；同时ask动作发生在missed之前，所以选A项。
21、答案D。解析：主语Lionel
M
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essi和动词set之间是主动关系，再由句意可知，“创纪录”动作已经发生，故用现在分词的完成式最佳。
22、答案A。解析：本题空格处动词-ing形式作伴随状语，与主句的主语构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以选择A项。
23、答案C。解析：本句的主语和动词combine之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词的主动形式。
24、答案B。解析：句子已经有动词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )line且两个分句之间没有连词连接，故空格处要用非谓语动词。动词turn与其逻辑主语为主动关系，故用现在分词作结果主语。
25、答案A。解析：空格处在句中作结果状语，且与句子主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。