《英语》（八年级下册）
Unit 1 Past and present
Grammar
I. Teaching aims and learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. use the present perfect tense to make positive statements;
2. use the present perfect tense to make negative statements;
3. use the present perfect tense to ask and answer questions;
4. form the past participles of regular and irregular verbs.
II. Teaching contents
New words and phrases: yet, recently, past, over the past century
III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
1. Use the present perfect tense correctly.
2. Form the past participles of regular and irregular verbs.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Free talk
T: What do you know about Mr Chen and Sunshine Town?
【设计意图：通过口头交流，考察学生对Reading板块的掌握程度，同时引出本课时学习内容。】
Step 2 Presentation
1. Structure of the present perfect tense
sb + have/has + done
2. When to use the present perfect tense
(1) We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
(2) We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present.
(3) We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
3. Matching exercise
T: Here are six sentences in the present perfect tense. Match the reasons for using the tense on the right with the sentences.
4. Work out the rule
(1) Present some positive statements in the present perfect tense and ask students to work out the rule.
He has just gone home.
She has already had a holiday this year.
It has broken!
I have seen my new English teacher.
They have bought a new car.
You have finished the exercise.
We have seen this film before.
◆We use “have + done” with pronouns like _____, _____, _____ and _____.
◆We use “has + done” with pronouns like _____, _____ and _____.
(2) Present some negative statements in the present perfect tense and ask students to work out the rule.
sb + haven’t/have not + done
hasn’t/has not
(3) Present some Yes/No questions in the present perfect tense and ask students to work out the rule.
Have/Has + sb + done
(4) Present some Wh- questions in the present perfect tense and ask students to work out the rule.
Wh-words + have/has + sb + done
4. Time expressions
T: We can use these time expressions with the present perfect tense: already, yet, ever, never, just, recently, since and for.
T: Complete the following passages and sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. Pay attention to the time expressions.
5. Pair work
T: Work in pairs and talk about recent activities. Use the conversation on the screen as a model.
6. Competition
T: Form the past participles of the following verbs. Let’s see which team is the fastest.
T: Try to work out the rule of form the past participles of regular verbs.
Try to remember the past participles of irregular verbs.
【设计意图：让学生直观感知现在完成时，引导学生从感知过渡到理解、归纳和运用，让他们在语境中逐步理解和掌握现在完成时的结构、功能及意义。】
Step 3 Practice
1. Difference between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense
T: Work in pairs and discuss the difference between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.
T: Let’s try to finish two short passages. Please underline the correct verbs.
2. Finish Part C
3. Pair work
T: Suppose you did some cleaning after school today. Work in pairs and talk about what your classmates have done. Use the sentence pattern like this: What have/has ... done today?
4. Writing
T: Let’s watch a video about changes in Tianjin and then write a report. You should use at least five sentences in the present perfect tense.
【设计意图：通过练习巩固本课所学的语法知识，教师可根据施教学生的实际情况补充不同形式的练习。】
V. Homework
1. Review the present perfect tense.
2. Remember the past participles of the irregular verbs on P13.
课件28张PPT。Unit 1 Past and present GrammarWhat do you know about Mr Chen and Sunshine Town? Mr Chen has lived in Sunshine Town since he was born.
Mr Chen has moved to a new neighbourhood.
He and his wife have lived in this area since 1965.
The town has changed a lot over the years.
The government has turned part of the town centre into
a new park.
… Present Perfect Tense现在完成时Structure of the present perfect tense have/has + done sb + Using the Present Perfect Tense I have lived here since I was born. (This is the present perfect tense. In this example, you can see
when I was born, l lived here and I still live here when the words
were said.)I lived here two years ago.(This is the simple past tense. In this example, I lived here two years ago. Something has changed in the past two years and I don’t live here now.)
1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that
started in the past and continues to the present. Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that
happened in the past and has a connection with the present. (This is the present perfect tense. In this example,Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)I have already visited Mr Chen’s neighbourhood several times.3. We also use the Present perfect tense to talk about how many
times an action has happened till now.Match the reasons for using the present perfect tense
on the right with the sentences.started in the past and continues to the presenthappened in the past and has a connection with the present.talk about how many times an action has happened till nowThe Present Perfect Tense - How to form
Work out the rule!◆We use “have + done” with pronouns like _____, _____, _____ and _____.
◆We use “has + done” with pronouns like _____, _____ and _____.ItheyyouwehesheitWork out the rule!◆ Present perfect tense—Negative sentenceshaven’t/have not hasn’t/has not+ done sb + Work out the rule!◆ Present perfect tense—Yes/No questions Have/Has + done ... ? + sbWork out the rule!◆ Present perfect tense – Wh- questions have/has + done ... ? + sbWh-words +Attentionalready 肯 yet 否，疑
ever 疑, 肯 never 否
since for
just recently
so far up to nowLook at the two pictures of my hometown. Nowadays, my hometown _____ already ________(turn) into a modern city. The government ____________ (turn) part of the town centre into a park recently.already, recentlypastpresenthas turnedhas turnednever, ever You ____ never _______(visit) my hometown. If you come, you will find it is the most beautiful town that you ______ever ______(see).have visitedhave seenMillie and Mr Chen ___________ (talk) about Sunshine Town since an hour ago.
since, forMillie and Mr Chen ___________ (talk) about Sunshine Town for an hour.
have talkedhave talkedsince 2 years agosince 1998since she came to the school for + 一段时间Since + 时间点—Where is the food?
—I _____ just _____ (eat) it.
—I ______________ (not eat) yet. How can
you do that?
just, yethave eaten have not eaten A: Have you … recently? B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.brushed/washed …played/had …planted/climbed …Pair workA: Has … yet? B: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.read/finished …been/visited …played/swum …Pair workThe past participles of verbsD. study – carry – work – look –
clean – play –B. live – hope – C. stop – plan –
workedlookedcleanedplayedlivedhopedstoppedplannedstudiedcarriedCompetitionThe past participles of regular verbs (规则动词的过去分词)
Work out the rule!
不规则动词过去分词的构成参见P122ABBAAA ABCDifferenceLet’s try! In the past, people ______ washed/have washed their clothes by hand. With the invention of the washing machine, people
___________ had/have had more time to relax.2. In the old days, people ______ travelled/
have travelled by ship. Now planes
_________ made/ have made journeys
more comfortable.Underline correct verbsPart C (p14) Millie: (1) ______ you ______ (see) any films recently, Sandy?
Sandy: No, I haven’t. What about you?
Millie: I (2) ________ (see) one last Saturday.
Sandy: What’s it about?
Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century.
From the film, I (3) _____________ (learn) more about
Beijing’s past and present.
Sandy: Oh, I think I (4) __________ (hear) about the film. Do
you plan to see it again .
Millie: Yes, I’d like to.Have seensawhave learnthave heardPair work What have/has ... done today?Changes in Tianjin
Use at least five sentences in the present perfect tense. Writing Tianjin has turned into a modern city. However, over 20 years ago, people lived in the old areas with old houses and narrow streets. They usually travelled?around the city?by?bicycle?or on foot, and?there was much pollution.
Great changes have taken place here since 1978. People have built many wide roads and tall buildings. They have planted trees along the roads as well. Most people have moved into?new flats and (have) lived comfortably.?Now, people can travel by bus,?taxi,?train, plane and underground.
The?government has taken action?to?make all these happen. People’s living conditions have improved a lot. People enjoy living in Tianjin because life here has become more colourful. Homework
Review the present perfect tense.
Remember the past participles
of the irregular verbs on P13.
