《英语》（八年级下册）
Unit 3 Online tours
Grammar
I. Teaching aims and learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. tell the differences between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense;
2. use the simple past tense and the present tense correctly.
II. Teaching contents
New words and phrases: dream, passport, dream about/of
III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
Understand the differences between simple past tense and present perfect tense.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Pre-task
1. Let’s enjoy a song
T: Hello, boys and girls. First let’s enjoy a song. Please pay attention to the blue and red words on the screen.
T: Do you know the differences in structures between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense?
【设计意图：用一首歌导入，与学生自由交谈，引导他们回忆一般过去时和现在完成时态在结构上的区别。】
2. Let’s find out
T: Read the following passage and find out the tenses used.
Millie had a dream last night. She dreamt of travelling to the USA. Millie has been to the USA once. She went there in 2013. She has been there for two months. She had a wonderful time there.
T: Do you know the differences in concepts between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense?
【设计意图：通过谈论Millie的梦，引导学生发现一般过去时和现在完成时态在概念上的区别。】
Finish some exercises
Part A Part B
T: Do you know the differences in time expressions between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense?
【设计意图：及时通过练习帮助学生掌握所学知识点，并引导学生在练习中发现一般过去时和现在完成时态的时间标志词。】
Make a summary
Differences between the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.
We use the simple past tense to tell what happened in the past.
We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
We use the simple past tense to tell what happened in the past.
We use the present perfect tense to talk about the result of an action. When the action happened is not very important. It may have just happened or happened some time ago.
We use the simple past tense to tell what happened in the past.
We use the present perfect tense to tell how many times an action happened till now.
【设计意图：通过具体的规则和形象的时间轴表，帮助学生理解一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。】
Step 2 While-task
1. Task 1: Look and say
T: Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the key words.
Key words: years ago, live, small old houses
key words: since 1990, move, new flats
key words: used to, go out, bicycle
key words: at present, the government, build, railway station
key words: Jay, is, little boy, 10 years ago
key words: now, grow up
(4) key words: in the past, the village, poor, dirty
key words: now, the village, become, rich, clean
2. Task 2: Finish exercises
Part C
【设计意图：设置语境，让学生用所学语态造句，通过多种练习形式，帮助学生运用知识，巩固所学内容。】
Step 3 Post-task
1. Make a new dialogue
T: Work in pairs and make your own conversations. You should use the simple past tense and the present perfect tense, and you can use the conversation on the screen as a model.
【设计意图：给学生提供对话框架，让他们在对话中灵活运用两种时态。】
2. Finish exercises
Part D
3. Writing
T: Millie went to the USA last winter. Please write about her trip according to the form on the screen. You can add some details if you like. Remember to use the simple past tense and the present perfect tense correctly.
4. T: What have you learned today?
【设计意图：再次呈现表格，帮助学生回顾本节课的重点知识。】
V. Homework
1. Review the usage of the simple past tense and the present perfect tense.
2. Finish writing Millie’s trip to the USA.
