《英语》（八年级下册）
Unit 4 A good read
Grammar
I. Teaching aims and learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. understand some new words and expressions and learn to use them;
2. learn to use question words + to-infinitives;
3. learn how to use must and have to.
II. Teaching contents
1. New words and phrases: hand, review, return, hand in, write about, and so on, ask help with
writing, on time
2. New structures: Millie has decided what to read.
Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.
Simon forgot when to meet his friends.
Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.
Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.
Amy does not know how to write the report.
Mr Wu is always there to help us.
“I must run away from them,” Gulliver thought.
I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.
You must not smoke in the library.
We do not have to go to school at weekends.
III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
1. Learn to use question words + to-infinitives.
2. Learn how to use must and have to.
IV. Teaching procedures
A Using question words + to-infinitives
Step 1 Warming-up
1. Review the story Gulliver’s Travels
T: What’s the story about?
S: The story is about Gulliver’s trips in some strange countries. A lot of amazing things happened. And he also had a lot of difficulty. It’s exciting and interesting.
2. Lead in question words + to-infinitives
Gulliver’s feelings in Lilliput: Gulliver didn’t know what to say.
Gulliver didn’t know how to get away.
【设计意图：本环节通过格列佛的故事来导入本课目标语法之一。这样做一方面学生有话可说，另一方面，导入自然。】
Step 2 Learn to use question words + to-infinitives
1. Free talk
T: Could Gulliver run away at last? If Gulliver could run away, how did he do it? If Gulliver couldn’t run away, what difficulty did he have?
2. Rewrite the sentences
T: Good job. Gulliver met so many difficulties. Try to rewrite the sentences about Gulliver’s difficulties with question words + to-infinitives.
He didn’t know where he could find other people/where to find other people.
He didn’t know how he could break the ropes/how to break the ropes.
He wondered who he could ask for help/who to ask for help.
He didn’t know what he could do with the tiny men/what to do with the tiny men.
He couldn’t decide when he should leave Lilliput/when to leave Lilliput.
2. Translate the sentences
T: Translate the following six sentences, using question words + to-infinitives.
3. Work out the rule
T: We can use a question word + to-infinitive after a verb. Can you work out any rules about this structure?
S: All question words can be used in this way, except “why”.
【设计意图：进一步挖掘格列佛可能遇到的问题，从而过渡到语法结构的用法。在学生有一定了解的情况下，鼓励学生自己尝试，并得出规则，让学生学会自主学习。】
Step 3 Learn to use verbs + objects + question words + to-infinitives
1. Lead-in
T: Gulliver wanted to leave Lilliput, but he didn’t know how to talk to the tiny people. He wanted to get a map, because it could show him where to go.
We can use a verb and an object before the structure.
2. Complete the sentences
T: Complete the sentences, using a verb and an object before question words + to-infinitives.
3. Work out the rule
(1) verbs used with question words + to-infinitives
(2) verbs used with objects + question words + to-infinitives
Step 4 Learn to use verbs + question words + nouns + to-infinitives
Learn to use adjectives + question words + to-infinitives
1. Lead-in
T: Gulliver wanted to leave Lilliput, but he should know how to talk to the tiny people and learn what language to speak. If he had a map, it will tell him where to find the boat. It also shows him which way to go.
2. Learn how to use verbs + question words + nouns + to-infinitives
T: Try to translate the sentences.
(1) 他还没决定买哪本书。
(2) 他们在讨论暑假去几个地方游玩。
3. Learn how to use use adjectives + question words + to-infinitives
T: We can use an adjective like sure or clear before a question word. Try to translate the sentences.
(1) 我不确定怎样照顾电子狗。
(2) 你清楚下一步该做什么吗？
4. Complete the sentences
T: Complete the sentences according to the pictures.
5. Complete the conversation
T: Amy and Daniel are talking about their Reading Week. Complete their conversation. Use the correct question words and to-infinitives.
7. Summary
【设计意图：进一步利用格列佛的故事创造语境，在语篇中呈现语法知识，学生先对语法现象形成一定的感性认识，再通过教师的引导，根据语境归纳和总结语法规则。】
B Using must and have to
Step 1 Presentation
1. Gulliver’s choice
T: At last, Gulliver learned to talk to the tiny men, and he was taken to the king. However, if he wanted to leave Lilliput, he must agree to 8 certain things.
T: If you are Gulliver, will you agree?
【设计意图：继续利用格利佛的故事，创设语境，在语篇中自然引出must和have to。将语法项目放入语篇中，让学生先形成一定的感性认识，然后在语篇中体会语法的意义与功能。】
2. Differences between must and have to
We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary.
We use have to when the situation makes something necessary.
3. Group discussion
T: Work in groups and talk about what rules we should obey when we are in the library, using must, must not, have to and don’t have to.
4. Complete the sentences
T: Complete the library rules with must, must not, have to or don’t have to.
5. Work out rules
Step 2 Practice
1. Group discussion
T: Work in groups and discuss what we must/mustn’t/have to/don’t have to do in a public place? In the classroom/In the cinema/In the park/In the hospital ...
Choose one place and write down the sentences.
2. Rewrite the story
T: Rewrite the ending of Gulliver in Lilliput, using what we have learned today (question words + to-infinitives; must & have to).
【设计意图：通过学生的实践和参与，通过多种形式的合作和交流，通过对课堂活动的延伸，进一步提高学生对语言的综合运用能力。】
V. Homework
1. Revise what we’ve learnt today.
2. Finish writing the ending of Gulliver in Lilliput.
课件34张PPT。Unit 4 A good read GrammarThe story is about Gulliver’s trips in some strange
countries. A lot of amazing things happened. And he
also had a lot of difficulty.
It was exciting and interesting.What’s the story about?Gulliver didn’t know what to say.
Gulliver didn’t know how to get away.Use a question word with a to-infinitive after a verb.Gulliver didn’t know what to say.
Gulliver didn’t know how to get away.Question words with a to-infinitive after a verb.If Gulliver couldn’t run away, what difficulty
did he have? Could Gulliver run
away at last?
①Yes, he could, because ….
②No, he couldn’t, because ….ImagineIf Gulliver could run away, how did he do it?He didn’t know where he could find other people.
where to find other people
He didn’t know how he could break the ropes.
how to break the ropes
He wondered who he could ask for help.
who to ask for help
He didn’t know what he could do with the tiny men.
what to to with the tiny men
He couldn’t decide when he should leave Lilliput.
when to leave LilliputGulliver’s difficulties1. Millie has decided _____________. (该读什么)
2. Daniel did not say ________________ about
this book.（该和谁交谈）
3. Simon forgot ________________ his friends.
（该什么时候见）
4. Kitty cannot decide ____________________
first.（该选哪一个）
5. Sandy is wondering _________________ for
help.（该去哪求助）
6.Amy does not know ______________ the
report. （该如何写）Translate the sentences using question words + to-infinitiveswhat to readwho to talk towhen to meetwhich to choosewhere to askhow to writeAll question words can be used in this way, except “why”.
Suzy will explain why to
recommend this book.
Suzy will explain why she recommends this book.×√ Work out the ruleGulliver wanted to leave Lilliput, but he didn’t know how to talk to the tiny people. He wanted to get a map, because it could show him where to go.v. + 宾语 + 疑问词 + to do1. Mr Wu ________________________ as
after-school activities. （建议我们该选哪个）
2.The students ________________________
their homework.（问他们的老师何时上交）
3. Millie ________________________.
（向我们展示下一步如何做）
4.Daniel _____________________ a computer to
draw.（自学如何使用）
5.Don’t forget to ________________________ you.
（告诉你妈妈该在哪儿见）advised us which to chooseasked their teacher when to hand inshowed us what to do nexttaught himself how to use tell your mum where to meetUse a verb and an object before question words + to dov. + wh-words + to-infinitives“特殊疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构常用在某些动词后作宾语，类似的动词有：decide、discuss、find out、forget、know、learn、say、remember、think、wonder、understand 等。 v. + objects + wh-words + to-do某些动词后面可接“宾语 ＋疑问词＋不定式”构成的双重宾语：advise、ask、show、teach、tell等。 Gulliver wanted to leave Lilliput, but he should know how to talk to the tiny people and learn what language to speak. If he had a map, it will tell him where to find the boat. It also shows him which way to go.
v. + 疑问词 + n. + to dowhatwhichwhosehow many/how muchEg:
他还没决定买哪本书。
He hasn’t decided which book to buy.
他们在讨论暑假去几个地方游玩。
They are discussing how many places to visit in the summer holiday.v. + 疑问词 + n. + to doTips: We can use an adj. like sure or clear before a question word.Eg:
我不确定怎样照顾电子狗。
2. 你清楚下一步该做什么吗？
I’m not sure how to look after an e-dog.Are you clear what to do next?1. Andy doesn’t know ____________.
what to wearComplete the sentences2. Millie can’t decide ________________.which book to buy3. They don’t know
_________ to the
station.how to go4. I don’t know ___________________ from a library.how to borrow books Complete the sentencesAmy: Mr Wu has recommended so many interesting books. Have you decided _______________ first, Daniel?
Daniel: Yes. I want to read Black Beauty first. But I don’t know ______________ the book first.
Amy: You can try our school library or Sunshine Library. Oh, did you know Peter is reading Around the World in Eighty Days? He wants to find out _________
________ around the world in such a short time.
which to readwhere to findtravelhow tohowwhatwhenwherewhichwhoask for find hand in readtravel
write aboutDaniel: Wow, that’s amazing! By the way, can you tell me _______________ our book report?
Amy: Before next Friday. I’m still not sure __________
___________ in the report.
Daniel: You can write anything about your book—what the book is about, what you think of it and so on. You should read some reviews about the book before writing.
Amy: Thank you. Anyway, I know _________________
help with writing. Mr Wu is always there to help us.
whowhatwhenask for hand in write aboutwhen to hand inwhat towrite aboutwho to ask forMillie does not know what to do.
2. The students asked his teacher when
to hand in their homework.
3. They are discussing what colour to paint the wall.
4. Are you clear when to meet?动词 + 疑问词 + to do
动词 + 宾语 + 疑问词 + to do
动词 + 疑问词 + 名词 + to do
形容词 + 疑问词 + to do
SummaryAt last, Gulliver learned to how to talk to the tiny men, and he was taken to the King. However, if he wanted to leave Lilliput ,he must agree to 8 certain things.He must walk only on their large roads.He must measure the size of Lilliput.He must be careful not to step on any
Lilliputians or their animals.He must tell the people two hours before he wants to go to the city.He must help the Lilliputians in war.mustHe had to carry important
messages for the King
if necessary.He had to help the King's
workmen carry heavy
stones.He had to tell the King if he
wanted to leave the country.have toIf you are Gulliver,
will you agree to the 8 things?ImagineHe had to help the King’s workmen carry heavy stones.
The speaker feels that something is necessary.The situation makes something necessary.ABHe must be careful not to step on any
Lilliputians or their animals.If Gulliver doesn’t want to be free, he doesn’t have to agree to certain things.
He must walk only on their large roads, and must not lie down in their fields.
Something is not allowed (允许).It is not necessary to do something.ABWhat rules must we obey when we are in the library?
must/mustn’t/have to/ don’t have toDiscussionComplete the library rules with must, must not, have to or don’t have to. You (1) _____ keep quiet when in the library.
You (2) _____ keep the books clean and tidy.
You (3) _______ draw or
write in the books.mustmustmustn’tYou (4) _______ eat or drink in the library.
You (5) _____ return the books on time. If you want to keep them longer, you
(6) ______ renew them.
You (7) ____________ bring your student card every time you go to the library, but remember to bring your library card. mustn’tmusthave todo not have toWe use ______ when the speaker feels that something is necessary.We use _________ to say that something is not allowed (不被允许).We use _______ when the situation
makes something necessary.We use to ________________say that it is not necessary to do somethingmustmust not have to do not have to Use the different forms:
have/has/had
/will have toGroup work1.Discussion
What we must/mustn’t do
What we have to/don’t have to do
in the classroom/in the cinema/in the park/in the hospital ...
2.Choose one and write down the sentences.Rewrite the ending of Gulliver in Lilliput using what we have learned today (question words + to-infinitives, must & have to).Group workEnjoy reading and enjoy your life!Reading ten thousand books is like traveling ten thousand miles.HomeworkRevise what we’ve learnt today.
2. Finish writing the ending
of Gulliver in Lilliput.
