《英语》（八年级下册）
Unit 7 International charities
Grammar
I. Teaching aims and learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. grasp the structures of the passive voice in the simple present and past tenses;
2. understand the differences between the passive voice and active voice;
3. use the passive voice correctly.
II. Teaching contents
New words and phrases: hold, set, leaflet, including, hand out, set up
III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
Use the passive voice in the simple present and past tenses correctly.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
T: What is it? Yes, iPhone. Who invented it? Jobs invented the iPhone. We can also say the iPhone was invented by Jobs.
T: What does ORBIS need? ORBIS needs more money. We can say more money is needed by ORBIS to help blind people.
【设计意图：从学生熟悉的主题导入本节课的目标语法项目——一般现在时和一般过去式的被动语态。】
Step 2 Presentation
T: Look at the picture. Do you know what the Class 1, Grade 8 students are doing?
S: The students in Class 1, Grade 8 will hold a charity show. They are preparing for it.
T: Yes. And the members from ORBIS, Oxfam, WWF and UNICEF also want to take part in the charity show.
1. Talk about ORBIS
T: Look at the pictures and talk about ORBIS. You can use the conversation as a model.
【设计意图：通过师生间有关单元话题的对话，自然地呈现目标语法结构。】
2. Talk about WWF
T: Look at the picture. What does it tell us?
S: Many trees are planted in spring. Many trees aren’t planted in winter.
T: How about this picture?
S: Lights were turned off to protect the Earth last year.
Lights weren’t turned on to protect the Earth last year.
【设计意图：在保护环境的语境中，引导学生仔细观察、思考并归纳出一般现在时和一般过去式的被动语态的肯定句及否定句的结构。】
3. Talk about UNICEF
T: UNICEF will send some cartoon books to the children in poor areas. The children like Tom and Jerry very much.
Can Tom catch Jerry? (active voice) At last, Jerry was caught by Tom. (passive voice)
4. Talk about Oxfam
T: Oxfam will give some food to the people in need. The members of Oxfam made some bread.
Please put the active voice into the passive voice
【设计意图：通过简单的句子讲解主被动语态转换的问题。】
Step 3 Practice
1. Complete the sentences
T: Turn to pages 99—100, and finish the exercises. You can write out the sentences using the active voice and then turn them into the passive voice.
【设计意图：让学生在简单的操练中巩固一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句结构。】
2. When to use the passive voice
(1) Use the passive voice to describe what happened to the people with eye problems.
The plane is used as a hospital.
His eye problem was cured two months ago.
The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved.
(2) Work in pairs and discuss when we use the passive voice.
a. It is obvious who performs the action.
b. We don’t know or don’t need to know who performs the action.
c. The action is more important than the person who performs the action.
【设计意图：让学生观察体会本单元课文中的被动句，感知被动语态的意义、功能及用途。】
3. Identify the passive voice in different tenses
4. Correct the sentences
5. Complete the conversation
6. Fill in the blanks
【设计意图：巩固练习由易到难，最后的语篇填空融阅读与语法训练为一体，有助于激发学生学习语法的热情。】
Step 4 Production
Look and say
T: UNICEF and Oxfam have done a lot for the people in need. Work in groups of four and choose one organization to describe its activities. Remember to use the passive voice. I’ll choose some groups to report to the class.
【设计意图：语言产出环节是本节课的高潮，符合课标提出的要求——做中学，学中做。】
V. Homework
Write about the charity activities of UNICEF or Oxfam using the passive voice.
课件22张PPT。Unit 7 International charities Grammar More money is needed by ORBIS to help blind people.The iPhone was invented by Jobs.Passive voice
in the simple present tense
and in the simple past tense
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态The students in Class1,Grade 8 will hold a charity show.take part in the charity showORBISWWFUNICEFOxfamA: What is the plane used as?
B: It is used as a hospital.
A: Yes. It isn’t used as a sports centre.
B: What was done by the volunteer doctors just now?
A: An operation was done by them just now.
B: Yes. The cleaning work wasn’t done by them.Many trees are planted in spring.Many trees aren’t planted in winter.Lights were turned off to protect the Earth last year.Lights weren’t turned on in some
houses last year.Work out the rule!◆ is/am/are + done is/am/are not + donewas/were not + done◆ was/were + doneThe simple present tenseThe simple past tensenegative sentence structureForm the passive voiceCan Tom catch Jerry?At last, Jerry was caught by Tom. active voicepassive voice active voicepassive voiceI made some bread.Some breadme. was madeby 1234找换改加Find the subject and objectChange the place of the subject and objectChange the verb into be + doneAdd “by” before the new objectWhat they do every yearThey plan charity activities to help the poor.Volunteers hand out leaflets to people in the street.They sell toys and CDs to raise money.123Charity activities are planned to help the poor.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.Toys and CDs are sold to raise money.
What they did last week456The Class 1, Grade 8 students sent new books to the children in poor areas.They collected warm clothes for poor people.The students’ Union held a charity show.New books were sent to children in poor areas by the Class 1, Grade 8 students.Warm clothes were collected for poor people.A charity show was held by the students’ Union.The plane is used as a hospital.His eye problem was cured two months ago.The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved.c. The action is more important than the person who performs the action.b. We don’t know or don’t need to know who performs the action.a. It is obvious who performs the action.When to use the passive voice Identify the passive voice
In different tenses My Hometown
Many years ago, I was born in Seattle, Washington USA. Seattle is located in the north-west corner of the USA. Seattle is becoming the focus of much international attention.The film Sleepless in Seattle starring Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks was shot in 12 weeks. About nine of those weeks were spent filming in Seattle. Seattle is also known as the birthplace of "Grunge" music; both Pearl Jam and Nirvana are from Seattle. Jimmi Hendrix, the world famous guitarist，was born in Seattle! Unfortunately, Seattle is also famous for its bad weather. I can remember weeks
and weeks of grey, wet weather when I was growing up.
Try It Seattle is also one of the fastest-growing
business areas in the United States.Two of
the most important names in the booming
business scene in Seattle are Microsoft and
Boeing. Microsoft was founded and is owned
by the world-famous Bill Gates (how much of
his software is on your computer?). Boeing
is located to the north of Seattle.
Seattle is positioned between Puget Sound
and the Cascade Mountains. The combination of
its scenic location, thriving business conditions
and exciting cultural scene makes Seattle one
of America's most interesting cities.
1. UNICEF set up in Europe in 1946.
2. Many children’s lives changed because of the war at that
time.
3. Money raises by UNICEF by selling Christmas cards.
4. Children around the world provide with clean water and
food with the help of UNICEF.
There are some mistakes in the sentences. Please correct them with right forms. was set up were changed is raised are providedTry ItAmy: I’m reading a book about Oxfam.
Daniel: Really? Please tell me about it.
Amy: OK. Oxfam ____________ (set up) in the UK in
1942.
Daniel: When ______ the first shop _________ (open)?
Amy: The first shop ____________ (open) in 1948.
Daniel: What does the shop sell?
Amy: A lot of things __________ (sell) in Oxfam shops,
including books. The money________ (use) by
Oxfam to help poor people.
Daniel: That’s good.Complete the conversation using the passive voicewas set up wasopened was opened are sold is used Try It World Wildlife Fund _________ (know) worldwide for its panda logo and it
____________ (create) by Peter Scott, a British artist and conservationist.
In 1960 an organization ____________ (set up) by a group of British naturalists, with the aim of protecting endangered species and their habitats. The following year World Wildlife Fund ______________ (found); its international name ______________ (change) to World Wide Fund for Nature in 1989, although in North America it ______________ (still call) World Wildlife Fund.
WWF works hard to protect tigers in the wild. Poaching (偷猎) is the main cause of the sharp decrease in the number of tigers. Tiger bones _________ (use) for medicine. The skin ______________ (still see) as a symbol of wealth while tiger flesh and organs _____________ (believe) to be able to cure some diseases. However, it's not just poachers killing tigers.
Try Itis known was created was set up are used is still seen are believedwas founded was changed is still called Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs Human-tiger conflict (冲突) is a very real and present danger for the species. When tigers do not have enough food, they ___________ (kill) domestic livestock (家畜). Therefore, tigers _______________ (often kill) or _________ (catch) and ______ (send) to a zoo by local people so that no similar events will happen in the future. Tigers attack and kill between eight and ten people each year in Nepal. It ___________________ (widely think) that when a tiger kills a person they get a taste for human blood―and so the people _______________ (hunt down) the killer tiger to protect themselves.
WWF have programmes in place to help people stay away from the forest and avoid human-tiger conflict. WWF is trying to teach people to love and protect tigers.kill/will kill are often killedcaughtsentis widely thought will hunt downFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs1. Every year, a charity show …
2. Last week, a charity show …
Look and say give them some toys tell them some storiestake them to have a picnicgive them some rice and cooking oildonate some money to themprovide good medical careActivity HomeworkWrite about the charity activities of UNICEF or Oxfam using the passive voice.
