Unit3 Conservation课文课件(共34张PPT)-北师大版(2019)选择性必修第一册

(共34张PPT)
Unit 3 CONSERVATION
Topic Talk
Topic Talk
3.1 (J=John M=Mei)
J: Hey, Mei.
M: Hi,John.
J: So how was that lecture you went to yesterday It was by Professor Linda Wei, the environmental expert, wasn't it
M: Yes, it was really informative! l learnt a lot about the environmental challenges the world is facing now.
J: Tell me more about it.
M: Well, as you know, I really feel strongly that we need to change the way we live in order to protect our planet. The lecture talked a lot about this.
J: Of course, but how
这场讲座真的信息量很大！
当今世界正面临的环境挑战的知识。
为了保护地球，我们得改变生活方式。
M:Well, first, Professor Wei was very passionate about using clean energy. After the lecture, I can see that the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet. We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.
J: That's very true. Did she say anything about using plastic bags
M: Yes, She talked about how plastic waste is killing our oceans. It’ very clear - we all need to recycle and reduce the amount of waste we produce.
J: I totally agree. l think we should cut down the use of unrecyclable plastic to protect our planet.
M: That's a good idea But of course, as the professor said: "We all have a role to play in protecting the environment. If we all do our part, we can live a healthier life on Earth."
我们在保护环境方面都有责任。
尽自己的一份力，我们就能在地球上过上更健康的生活。
如果我们都
是对地球最大的威胁之一
尽快改用其他形式的能源。
减少不可回收塑料的使用，
来保护地球
回收利用，并且减少垃圾的产生量。
M:Well, first, Professor Wei was very passionate about using clean energy. After the lecture, I can see that the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet. We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.
J: That's very true. Did she say anything about using plastic bags
M: Yes, She talked about how plastic waste is killing our oceans. It’ very clear - we all need to recycle and reduce the amount of waste we produce.
J: I totally agree. l think we should cut down the use of unrecyclable plastic to protect our planet.
M: That's a good idea But of course, as the professor said: "We all have a role to play in protecting the environment. If we all do our part, we can live a healthier life on Earth."
我们在保护环境方面都有责任。
尽自己的一份力，我们就能在地球上过上更健康的生活。
如果我们都
非常热衷于使用清洁能源。
石油和煤炭的使用
是对地球最大的威胁之一
我们绝对需要
尽快改用其他形式的能源。
回收利用，并且减少垃圾的产生量。
减少不可回收塑料的使用，
来保护地球
3.2 (I=Interviewer B=Dr. Bradshaw)
I: I feel very lucky indeed to have Dr. Bradshaw with us today. He works on protecting animals in danger. At present, he is in a rhino protecting programme.
B: Yes, many animals are illegally hunted for something they have. In the rhino's case, it is their horns : Some people think it is useful in medicine .
I: How can we stop this from happening
B: Well, the first step is education-we need to make everyone know hunting these animals is illegal and that these amazing animals are part of the world we live in.
I: How long do we have before rhinos become extinct
B: If we don't do something now, there will be no rhinos left in the world in 20 years.
I: That's an incredibly urgent matter...
许多动物因为身上的某些东西而被非法捕猎。
他致力于保护濒危动物。
捕猎这些动物是违法的
而且这些奇妙的动物是
我们所生活的世界的一部分。
那是一件极其紧迫的事情……
灭绝
Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are varied. According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.
This time, human activity will be to blame.
物种灭绝（即整个物种被彻底消灭的情况）在地球历史上并不罕见。
（非限定从）
大灭绝
物种灭绝的原因多种多样。
…… 的减少
这一次，人类活动将是原因/(罪魁祸首)。
Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the“background extinction rate”. They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
尽管物种自然灭绝并不罕见，
但现在物种灭绝的速度却令人担忧。（定从）
显然
人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，
包括动物和植物。
If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
面临灭绝的危险
(虚拟语气)
没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气,
没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。
Can a sixth extinction be avoided Experts say that it is not yet too late, if we take action now. This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar energy. We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water, air and land pollution. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，
包括建立可以保护动植物的特殊区域。（定从）
太阳能
改进我们的耕作方法，以减少水、空气和土地污染。
停止破坏我们赖以生存的地球，开始保护它。
Lesson 2 War On Plastic Packets
3.3
In the week when the government sets out its new environmental programme, Kevin McCabe and Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste.
(K=Kevin McCabe A=Alicia Stewart)
K: On my way home from work yesterday, I stopped off at a local supermarket. Among other things, I wanted to buy a couple of coconuts. When I picked them up. I was amazed that each coconut was wrapped in clear, thin plastic. Isn't this the most stupid example of packaging ever
A: You've picked an unusual example of packaging, but there is a reason for this. Supermarkets want to make sure that coconuts reach the consumer in the best condition. The packaging helps to keep the product fresh; it means the product will last longer.
Lesson 2 War On Plastic Packets
推出其新的环境方案
食品包装垃圾
几个；一对
被…… 包裹
以最佳状态送达消费者手中
K: I understand that, but in this case it's completely wasteful and unnecessary. I mean, why wrap a coconut in plastic It already has its own natural packaging. It's got a tough shell that's almost impossible to break!
A:Yes,but the plastic wrapping also has other uses. For example, it stops coconut hairs from getting into other food during transport. And it keeps the coconut clean during the transportation process.
K: Is anyone really worried about a bit of dirt on a coconut And what about the environment A lot of the plastic used in packaging never recycles. It's terrible for the environment: Our oceans are full of plastic waste, and animals and birds end up swallowing the plastic and dying as a result.
完全浪费
且毫无必要
运输过程
一点污垢
充满了塑料垃圾
我们的海洋，
并因此死亡。
动物和鸟类最终吞食了塑料
A: I have to say l agree with you on that. Some food packaging cannot be recycled, and that's not good enough-the packaging should be changed so that it's recyclable. But let's be realistic: We still need packaging. We just need to use the right kind of packaging.
K: I think we need a more innovative solution. I really believe we should do away with packaging completely. There's a supermarket in Germany that has no product packaging at all. Its customers take refillable containers with them when they shop, and use them instead of plastic boxes and bags.
A: It sounds like a wonderful idea, but I wonder how many people really shop there. I’m not sure most consumers would want to shop that way. It's just not convenient.
但让我们现实一点：
更具创新性的解决方案
可重复使用的容器
3.4 Two friends, Lisa and Amy are discussing how to become more environmentally aware. (A=Amy L=Lisa)
A: It's rubbish collection day tomorrow. I'll put out our bins.
L: Wow, we have so much rubbish! I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment
A: Me too! How can we have produced so much in just one week Look at all these plastic bags!
L: We really should buy reusable shopping bags when we go to the supermarket. That would be a good start to reduce our waste.
A: Let's do it. I also notice how much takeaway food packaging we have. We should try to cook for ourselves more often. Look at all these cartons and plastic cutlery! Cooking at home is much more environmentally friendly.
如何增强
环保意识
可重复使用的购物袋
外卖食品包装
L: Well, I'm a terrible cook so it might be hard for me to cook at home, but I think I will tell restaurants not to give me any plastic cutlery, chopsticks and paper plates when I order from now on.
A: That sounds like a good start. You know we are also quite bad at sorting our rubbish - look at this newspaper for example. It could easily be recycled but we threw it away.
L: And we threw away lots of glass bottles too. Let's sort our rubbish and take it to a recycling centre from now on. The local council will help to reuse and recycle it.
A: Wonderful! I think these are all realistic and achievable steps that we can take to help protect the environment.
L: I've just looked online too and there are lots of groups we could join which share ideas on how to reduce and recycle. It feels good knowing that there are so many other people who are committed to contributing to a better future for our planet.
垃圾分类
回收中心
我认为这些都是我们可以采取的切实可行的措施
来帮助保护环境。
Lesson 3
The Road To Destruction
Part 1
“This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown. More roadworks on the A10!”
“Oh really It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.”
How often have you heard these conversations How often do we get stuck in traffic jams How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry For many people, the answer is every day. But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially. Here are some figures about Britain:
陷入交通堵塞
焦虑的
但与社会层面的实际代价相比，
个人的愤怒和压力根本不算什么。
B are nothing compared to A B 与 A 相比微不足道
● In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads
has gone up by 25%. There are now 32 million cars.
● Over the last decade, an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
● Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.
● Almost 30,000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
● Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
上升了（幅度）
在过去的十年里
交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，
因为汽车发动机产生各种类型的温室气体。
一些类型的癌症与交通污染有关。
Part 2
We know that cars are bad for us. But we all make excuses: “The buses are terrible”; “The trains are always late”; “I haven’t got time to walk”. I’m talking about myself, too. To be frank, I’m addicted to my car. When I asked working for a green-living organisation for advice about how to give up, she told me five things:
● Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres. Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!
坦率地说，我离不开车。
与其进行短途驾车出行，我们完全可以
选择步行或骑自行车。
省钱，保持健康
并帮助延长寿命。
经常锻炼也能降低50%患心脏病的风险！
● Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what You can relax, read a book, talk to someone—who knows
● Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town What about the shops
around the corner Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.
● Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
(多达)最多90人
在拐角处
Something is around the corner.
某事即将来临。
● Take action! We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is. If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don’t just sit around and complain!
All quite simple, isn’t it Five easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I’m sorry I have to finish this article, but I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm. Then I’ve got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping. After that, I have to take my son to a party. The traffic is going to be horrible, but what can I do
如果你的街道
交通拥堵严重
（开车）接女儿
要求限速
做这些事情中适合你的那一件。
Writing Workshop
A “For” And “Against” Essay
Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. According to an institute,"74% of the world's poultry,43% of its beef and 68% of its eggs are produced in this way."
The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion, according to the United Nations. As factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high. Moreover, factory- farmed animals suffer from fewer diseases than those living outside.
工厂化养殖需要把家畜关在建筑物内，
以提高肉或蛋的产量。
据一家机构称，
支持工厂化养殖的主要观点是，
除了比传统或有机农业便宜得多，
已达 70 亿的世界人口提供更多食物。
它还能为
On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals. For instance, many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can hardly move. People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress. In addition to this, factory farming has a negative impact on the environment because it creates a lot of waste products, and uses a lot of chemicals to control insects and drugs to treat diseases (UK Farming Today,2013).
To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves. In my opinion, we should try to reduce this kind of farming, although we would have to pay more for our eggs and meat.
残忍对待动物
例如，许多家畜被关在狭小空间里，
几乎无法移动。
宣称
对…… 有负面影响
总而言之
Reading Club1
World Heritage Sites in China
The official title of “World Heritage Site" is given by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) committee to places in the world that are outstanding examples of cultural or natural history. Up to 2019, there are 55 world heritage sites in China, which has the same number of sites as Italy. Here are three of them.
The Temple and Mansion of Confucius
This site is located in Qufu, Shandong Province, and is a
memorial to Confucius. The site is huge. On the ground, there are more than 900 halls and rooms. The building that people visit most is the Temple of Confucius. Besides the temple, visitors can enjoy the grounds outside, where there are more than 1,000 stone tablets and over 100,000 tombs.
世界遗产保护区
联合国教育、科学及文化组织（教科文组织）
对… 的纪念场所
The Old Town of Lijiang
This site is a few hours bus-ride away from the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province, Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer. Each year, many foreign tourists visit the
Old Town, and the place is like "Venice in the East" to them. There are narrow alleys, pretty streams, small stone bridges and houses with carved doors and painted windows.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
This area, north of Sichuan Province, is a unique natural wonder. Every year, visitors from all over the world come to admire the mountains, lakes, streams, trees, underground springs and waterfalls, which make Jiuzhaigou Valley an area of outstanding natural beauty.
The valley is also home to many protected species of plants and endangered animals.
雕花门和彩绘窗
风景名胜与历史遗迹区
被田野、山脉和河流环绕的丽江古城，
在春夏时节看起来像一块碧玉砚台。
这些（景观）使九寨沟成为一处自然美景胜地。
这个山谷也是许多受保护的植物种类和濒危动物的家园。
Reading Club2
Nature is Turning On Us
In the last few years we have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting worse to come. Jin Li reports on our Earth's changeable weather patterns.
Thunderstorms, floods, earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and forest fires have become increasingly common. There have been terrible floods in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania. Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America. Reduced rainfall has affected Africa for years, with severe droughts in Somalia and Kenya in 2017,as well as many other zones becoming drier. Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted in a huge forest fire in May 2016.Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been a threat.
大规模的环境灾难
专家们预测（情况）会变得更糟。
变得越来越普遍
导致了一场巨大的森林火灾
In 2016,there were three volcanic eruptions at almost the same time in Indonesia. There have been serious earthquakes in many parts of Asia, Europe and South America. A massive earthquake hit central Italy in August 2016, killing at least 247 people.
So why is nature beginning to turn on us One answer is overpopulation. The population of the world is growing at the rate of 10,000 people an hour, nearly 90 million a year. Most of the growth is in the developing world. Poor people in agricultural areas often move to the cities. They build homes from whatever materials they can find. These homes can easily collapse during earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially after heavy rain. On top of that, there is the added aspect of global warming.
那么，大自然为什么开始报复我们呢？
一个原因是
人口过剩。
农业地区
除此之外，还有全球变暖这一额外的因素。
以…的速度
This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles. The destruction of the world's forests plays a part, too. As a result, a hotter ocean causes stronger winds. Atlantic hurricanes are 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago.
Landslides and earthquakes are even more dangerous now than in the past because around half of the world's population now live in cities. Many people in cities and towns in South America and Asia are at risk from landslides. In April 2017, the city of Mocoa in Colombia was hit by a landslide, leaving many dead and injured. A great number of people live at risk from earthquakes too. These have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
也有大量的人生活在地震的风险中。
在过去的一百年里，地震已经夺去了 160 多万人的生命。
大量的
起作用
大西洋飓风
近半成
被袭击（遭遇）
Most disaster experts believe that things could get a lot worse. Professor Hou Ming of Peking University studies volcanoes. He warns that the world has not seen the worst yet. The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia. Dust from the volcano rolled across the Earth's skies. There was no summer in Europe and America the following year. But evidence shows that 73,000 years ago there was a much greater eruption." It reduced temperatures by maybe 6℃ in some places, and the whole planet was sent into winter for years. And there are about two of these events every 100,000 years..."
变得更糟
使温度降低…… 幅度
陷入了长达数年的冬季