Unit 3 Conservation Writing Workshop 课件(共44张PPT)-北师大版(2019)选择性必修第一册

(共44张PPT)
Unit 3
A “FOR” AND “AGAINST” ESSAY
To read and talk about a “for” and “against” essay.
To read for writing.
To summarise information.
To write a “for” and “against” essay.
organic farming
factory farming
Pair Work You are going to write a “for” and “against” essay on one of the statements. Discuss and list the arguments for and against the statements. Then share your ideas.
Statements “For” “Against” Your opinion
We should only have organic farming.
We should not use animal products for food or clothing.
1
1. What is the main topic of the essay
Read the essay. Answer the questions.
The pros and cons of factory farming.
2. What is the genre (类型) of this essay
A. Narration (记叙文). B. Exposition (说明文).
C. Practical writing (应用文).
D. Argumentation (议论文).
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3. What are the main arguments and supporting details used “for” and “against” factory farming
The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion, according to the United Nations. Opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals and it has a negative impact on the environment.
4. What is the writer’s opinion about factory farming
We should try to reduce this kind of farming, although we would have to pay more for our eggs and meat.
1. We know from the first paragraph that _______.
A. factory farming involves keeping farm animals outside buildings to increase the production
B. over half of the world’s poultry, beef and eggs are produced by factory farming
C. factory farming means we should keep farm animals inside buildings to increase the production
D. keeping farm animals inside buildings couldn’t increase the production
Choose the best answers.
2. What can we infer from the argument according to the second and third paragraphs
A. Not all people are in favour of factory farming.
B. Factory farming is a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming.
C. Factory-farmed animals suffer from fewer diseases than those living outside.
D. Factory framing has a negative impact on the environment.
3. Why do some people oppose factory farming according to the passage
A. They think it is cruel to the animals kept in small spaces inside buildings.
B. Factory farming means taking more energy and money.
C. It may reduce the production of meat and eggs.
D. The animals kept inside can’t move at all.
Para. 1 ________ Para. 3 ________
Para. 2 ________ Para. 4 ________
a conclusion (your opinion)
b arguments against the topic
c introduction to the topic
d arguments for the topic
Read the essay again. Match the functions to each paragraph.
c
d
b
a
3
introduction to the topic
arguments for the topic
arguments against the topic
conclusion (your opinion)
Linking Expressions
according to
According to an institute, “74% of the world's poultry… are produced in this way”.
moreover
Moreover, factory-farmed animals suffer from fewer diseases…
on the other hand
On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals.
for instance
For instance, many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can hardly move.
in addition to
In addition to this, factory farming has a negative impact on the environment.
to sum up
To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
Expressing Both Sides
pros and cons
advantages and disadvantages
plus and minus
Providing Additional Arguments
What’s more
In addition to … the …
Further,
Not only will…, but … will also…
Showing Contrast
However,
On the other hand,
Although…
Unfortunately,
Ordering
First of all,
Then,
Next,
Finally,
Summarising
To sum up,
In conclusion,
In summary,
All things considered,
Expressing Your Opinion
In my opinion,
I feel / think that…
Personally,
1 summarising information
2 adding new information
3 giving examples
4 providing sources of information
5 contrasting statements
Which of the linking expressions in the Sentence Builder has the following function
to sum up
moreover/ in addition to
for instance
according to
on the other hand
4
Write 2-3 arguments on the statement “We should only have organic farming,” or “We should not use any animal products for food or clothing.” Use the Sentence Builder to help you.
5
Search online to find data that can support your argument.
Outlining Complete the outline of your essay on the statement you have chosen based on Activity 3.
Drafting Use your outline and the Writing Help to write your first draft.
Editing Edit your essay in pairs. Then share what you have written in class.
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Writing a “For” and “Against” Essay
It’s important to:
have a clear argument statement;
include “for” and “against” opinions;
support your own opinion with examples and other details;
sum up your argument in the final paragraph.
陈述正反两方观点时常用一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。
本写作任务可分为四部分：
第一部分：引入话题；
第二部分：列举正方观点及其理由；
第三部分：列举反方观点及其理由；
第四部分：表明自己的观点。
introduction to the topic
arguments for the topic
arguments against the topic
conclusion (your opinion)
第一部分：引入话题。
★... hold different opinions.
★... have different attitudes towards this issue.
★Opinions vary (不同) on this topic / fall mainly into two groups.
★There are different opinions among ... concerning this topic.
第二部分：列举正方观点及其理由。
★Some ... agree with ..., thinking ...
★... who are in favour of …believe ...
第三部分：列举反方观点及其理由。
★... hold a different opinion.
★... say...
★Some others don’t think so,...
第四部分：表明自己的观点。
★As for me, I’m for the first view.
★We should ...
★As far as I’m concerned, the first view is more reasonable.
★As long as …, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
Does the writer give a clear statement “for” or “against” the issue
Does the structure flow well (statement, main argument with supporting details, other arguments and conclusion)
Does the writer use a variety of linking expressions
Do you feel that the writer has a strong belief in the argument he / she is presenting
Peer Editing Sheet
Mark any spelling, punctuation or grammar errors.
Make any unclear expressions. Give suggestions if you can.
Underline the expressions you like.
Peer Editing Sheet
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. According to an institute,"74% of the world's poultry,43% of its beef and 68% of its eggs are produced in this way."
The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion, according to the United Nations. As factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high. Moreover, factory- farmed animals suffer from fewer diseases than those living outside.
工厂化养殖需要把家畜关在建筑物内，
以提高肉或蛋的产量。
据一家机构称，
支持工厂化养殖的主要观点是，
除了比传统或有机农业便宜得多，
已达 70 亿的世界人口提供更多食物。
它还能为
On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals. For instance, many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can hardly move. People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress. In addition to this, factory farming has a negative impact on the environment because it creates a lot of waste products, and uses a lot of chemicals to control insects and drugs to treat diseases (UK Farming Today,2013).
To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves. In my opinion, we should try to reduce this kind of farming, although we would have to pay more for our eggs and meat.
残忍对待动物
例如，许多家畜被关在狭小空间里，
几乎无法移动。
宣称
对…… 有负面影响
总而言之
1. We should only have organic farming.
e.g. *Organic farming is better for the environment.
有机耕作对环境较为有利。
*The shop sells organic food. 这家商店出售有机食品。
organic adj. relating to farming or gardening methods of growing food without using artificial chemicals, or produced or grown by these methods
不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
organic food / vegetables / milk etc. 有机食品/蔬菜/牛奶等
2. Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs.
involve vt. 1) if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a result of it 包含，需要
2) involve somebody/something if a situation, an event or an activity involves somebody / something, they take part in it or are affected by it 牵涉；牵连；影响
3) to make somebody take part in something（使）参加，加入
e.g. *The task will involve recycling materials.
任务包括回收材料。
*I seem to have involved myself in something I don't understand. 我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
*Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
尽量让多一些孩子参与游戏。
involve doing sth 包括/需要做某事
involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事
be/get involved in 使牵连；使陷入；使聚精会神
be/get involved with 与……有密切关系
【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1) There was a serious traffic incident ___________________________ (涉及一群年轻人).
2) Painting the room ___________________________ (需要把钢琴搬出去).
3) Tom ___________________________ (热衷于集邮).
4) ________________________ (家务事包括做饭), washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.
involving a group of youths
involved moving out the piano
is involved in collecting stamps
Housework involves cooking
3. For instance, many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can hardly move.
where引导的定语从句，修饰spaces
for instance: for example 例如
e.g. Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning his daily routine. For instance, allow him to choose what clothes he wears at the weekend.
让孩子在日常生活中作一些小决定。比如，让他自己决定周末穿什么衣服。
4. People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.
who引导的定语从句，修饰people
that引导的宾语从句，作claim的宾语
claim vt. 1) to state that something is true, even though it has not been proved 声称; 断言; 主张
2) to officially demand or receive money from an organization because you have a right to it
索要，索取
claim n. 声称﹐指称
make a claim 作出断言；提出索赔
a claim for... ……的要求
claim (that)... 声称……
claim to do sth 声称要做某事
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
claim sth back 索回某物
It is claimed that... 据称……
e.g. *He claims (that) he was not given a fair hearing.
他声称他未得到公正的申诉机会。
*It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
据说有些医生每周工作 80 小时。
*You might be entitled to claim compensation if you are injured at work.
如果受了工伤，你可能有权要求赔偿。
【语境应用】 单句语法填空。
1) They claimed _________ they had found mysterious creatures with sharp teeth in the cave.
2) Since the criminal sets fire on your goods, you can make a claim __________ damages.
3) You may save them at that counter and claim them _________ when you leave here.
4) He claimed ____________ (find) a rare species in the wild.
that
for
back
to have found
5. To sum up, despite producing cheap food…
e.g. *Now sum up (your views) in a few words.
现在（把你的观点）用几句话来概括一下。
*He owes me a large sum of money. 他欠我一大笔钱。
sum vt. to describe or express the important facts or characteristics about something or someone
总结，概括
n. 1) an amount of money 金额，款项
2) the total produced when you add two or more numbers or amounts together 总数
e.g. *Gerald will open the debate and I will sum up.
Gerald将第一个开始辩论，而我将进行总结。
*Calculate the sum of the following figures.
计算下列数字的总和。
*In sum, every one of us should apply ourselves to the project. 总之，我们每个人都应该投入这个项目。
to sum up 总之，概括起来说
sum up 概括，总结
in sum 总之，总而言之
the sum of... ……的总和
Choose a for and against argument from one of the following themes:
1. Attending College /University
2. Changing Jobs
3. Moving
Write down five positive points and five negative points
Write down an overall statement of the situation (for introduction and first sentence)
Write down your own personal opinion (for final paragraph)
Summarize both sides in one sentence if possible
Use your notes to write a For and Against Argument using the helpful language provided