Unit1 Life Choices单元整合训练（含解析）2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册

北师大版必修一-Unit 1-Life Choices-单元整合训练(原卷版)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分)
A
(2025·八省联考)
East Yorkshire Attractions
Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum
The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF
Tel：01759 307125
The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish.We also have Stewart Museum, a children's playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms.Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year.
Open：10：00 am to 5：30 pm
Prices：Adults ￡4.65, Seniors ￡3.95, Children ￡2.50
Goole Museum
Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS
Tel：01405 768963
The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands on exhibits for younger visitors.The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month.
Open：10：00 am to 5：00 pm
Admission Free
Sledmere House
Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG
Tel：01377 236637
Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire's most attractive houses.We have an award winning garden, a military museum, a children's play area, and a café & gift shop.Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.
Open：11：30 am to 3：30 pm
Prices：Adults ￡8.00, Seniors ￡6.00, Children ￡3.00
Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF
Tel：01262 673653
The family run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment.It offers daily shows of pig racing.We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun filled day out for families.
Open：10：00 am to 5：00 pm
Prices：Adults ￡4.50, Seniors ￡4.00, Children ￡3.50
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了英国东约克郡的四个旅游景点。
1．Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions？(　　)
A．Goole Museum.
B．Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum.
C．Sledmere House.
D．Bridlington Bird & Animal Park.
2．What can tourists do at Sledmere House？(　　)
A．Feed a wide range of animals.
B．Watch a band concert on Sunday.
C．Explore the history of the town.
D．Enjoy organ music on Thursday.
3．What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park？(　　)
A．￡2.50. B．￡3.00.
C．￡3.50. D．￡4.00.
B
(2025·北京房山高三开学摸底)
One day I was unwrapping a birthday gift from my teenage son—a blouse more stylish than I felt comfortable wearing.My first thought when I opened the tissue paper and saw the blouse was that it was another candidate to hang in the back of my closet.I felt like the most important person didn't care enough about me to think about my likes and dislikes.
“What do you think, Mom？” Jason asked, hardly waiting for me to pull the blouse out of the box.“I thought it would look so nice on you.” He smiled at me with anticipation.
At that moment, I realized Jason saw me as someone who would be open to receiving and wearing something more elegant than my usual clothes.He wanted to give me something special.It was a flash of sudden recognition.Then everything changed.
“It's beautiful，” I was able to say genuinely as I hugged him.
“Try it on.I want to see how it looks，” Jason added.
“I know just the skirt to try it with，” I said as I headed towards my closet.
When I returned with the outfit on, Jason was waiting.“It looks just like I thought it would.It's pretty on you, Mom，” Jason said.
I tried to stop the tears that were welling in the corner of my eyes.“Thank you, honey.It is a beautiful blouse.I can tell you put a lot of thought into picking it out.”
Jason probably wondered why I was so emotional over the gift.It made me think back on the gifts I'd ignored.Maybe the people who gave me the gifts saw something in me that I didn't see in myself.That opened me up to change and growth.
In the years since, I received my son's present.I have rarely felt disappointed when a gift doesn't match my interests or desires.I've started appreciating the thoughts and efforts behind every gift and accepted it with gratitude.This change has made holidays more joyful and deepened my appreciation for family and friends.
There is surely something special about receiving a gift that is perfectly suited for you.But I have found that it is just as special to receive all gifts with an open mind and a grateful heart.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者收到了儿子送的生日礼物，这件礼物并不合作者的心意，但作者突然意识到这反映了自己在儿子心目中的形象，作者的心态因此发生了改变。收下适合自己的礼物固然特别，但怀着开放且感激的心态收下所有类型的礼物同样特别。
4．How did the author feel in the beginning when receiving the present from her son？(　　)
A．Curious. B．Relieved.
C．Guilty. D．Dissatisfied.
5．What mainly changed the author's attitude toward Jason's gift？(　　)
A．The understanding of Jason's thoughts.
B．The recognition of her own potential.
C．The skirt that matches the blouse.
D．The praise from Jason.
6．After reflecting on past gifts, the author became .(　　)
A．careful about choosing gifts
B．indifferent to receiving gifts
C．joyful about choosing gifts
D．grateful for receiving gifts
7．What can we learn from this passage？(　C　)
A．What suits you is best for you.
B．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
C．An open mind is the source of progress.
D．Unspoken gratitude is often the most heartfelt.
C
(2025·T8联考)
It goes without saying that hard physical labor wears you out, but what about hard mental labor？“Influential theories suggested that fatigue(疲惫) is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity，”says Mathias Pessiglione of Pitié Salpêtrière University in Paris, France.“But our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional transformation—accumulation of toxic substances—so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve the integrity of brain functioning.”
Pessiglione and colleagues wanted to understand what mental fatigue really is. They used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor brain chemistry over the course of a workday. They studied two groups of people: those who needed to think hard and those who had relatively simple cognitive tasks.
They saw signs of fatigue, only in the group doing hard mental work. Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort. Critically, they also had higher levels of glutamate(谷氨酸) in the brain's prefrontal cortex(前额皮质). Together with earlier evidence, the scientists say it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly, such that cognitive control is more difficult after a mentally tough workday.
So, is there some way to overcome this limitation of our brain's ability to think hard “Not really, I'm afraid，”Pessiglione said. “I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed from the brain during sleep.”
There may be other practical implications of the findings. For example, the researchers say, monitoring of prefrontal cortex could help to detect severe mental fatigue. Such an ability may help adjust work agendas to avoid burnout. Pessiglione also advises people to avoid making important decisions when they're tired.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脑力疲惫是什么，脑力疲惫产生时大脑皮层里会发生哪些变化，以及应该采取哪些措施来应对脑力疲惫。
8．What does the underlined word “gratifying” in paragraph 1 mean？(　　)
A．Relaxing. B．Complex.
C．Temporary. D．Rewarding.
9．What does the group performing hard mental work exhibit in the study？(　　)
A．Fewer signs of mental fatigue.
B．Greater motivation and effort.
C．It efficiency in complex tasks.
D．Stronger preference for immediate rewards.
10．What do we know about glutamate accumulation？(　　)
A．It causes a sense of peaceful mind.
B．It enhances brain function in a limited way.
C．It signals the brain is emptying its mental energy.
D.It decreases the cost of prefrontal cortex activation.
11．What is Pessiglione's advice for those overwhelmed by mentally demanding tasks？(　　)
A．Remove them from the work agenda.
B．Reduce the complexity of all cognitive tasks.
C.Schedule strategic breaks to allow for recovery.
D.Apply technology to monitoring the brain activity.
D
(2025·江苏扬州高三开学考试)
Allow me to list the short－lived hobbies I started and quickly gave up when I didn't succeed：pottery, softball, the violin and designing new－style T－shirts.Uncomfortable to ask for help, I'd rather drop a hobby than give myself time to improve.Being challenged can make me angry sometimes.
Babies and children feel challenged almost at everything, because each experience is new.Adults, on the other hand, see anything less than doing really well as failure.If you're at all like me, you protect yourself from this feeling and avoid hobbies that might show a lack of competence.
Although challenges can bring discomfort, we shouldn't shy away from activities we enjoy simply because we aren't great at them.As the season for new habits and hobbies comes, put your pride to one side, and embrace the challenge.
The way you think about your abilities can influence your performance.There are two ways people view success: fixed mindset and growth mindset.If you have a fixed mindset, you may believe you already have all the skills and abilities you will ever have and you may never improve with effort.Growth mindset is the belief that you can advance through hard work, support, and a different method.“To develop a growth mindset, remind yourself that the first time you began any endeavor, you probably met challenges，” says Daya Grant, a mental performance coach.“Then you got better.As you learn and build skills, however slowly, celebrate those little wins.A win is a win.It doesn't really matter to the brain how big or small it is.”
“But if you love the challenge，” Grant says, “or enjoy the hard work, accept the fact that you may be doing the thing, whether it's dancing or playing the violin, well enough.” This reminder is one I'll take with me as I start new projects that I might not be naturally good at.Catch me at a pottery wheel or playing my guitar in my bedroom.Or don't.The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.
12．What's the function of the first paragraph？(　　)
A．To provide background information.
B．To bring about the topic of the passage.
C．To stress the importance of success.
D．To introduce his personal experience.
13．What do the underlined words “this feeling” in paragraph 2 refer to？(　　)
A．Feeling confident almost at everything.
B．Dropping a hobby rather than improving it.
C．Seeing anything that can't do well as failure.
D．Avoiding hobbies showing a lack of abilities.
14．What does Daya Grant think is important in developing a growth mindset？(　　)
A．Building practical and creative skills.
B．Asking for professional suggestions.
C．Having enough patience and confidence.
D．Developing a strong sense of competition.
15．What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph？(　D　)
A．He has developed his own ways of succeeding.
B．He has learned how to balance life and work.
C．He cares a lot about what others think of him.
D．He now learns how to embrace challenges.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·福建泉州高三模拟)
Stress is unavoidable in life.We all face it daily, whether it is a small inconvenience or a major life challenge.Stress negatively affects all aspects of our lives both personally and professionally. 16.____________So what can we do about it Here are some helpful tips to fight stress, defeat it and move on.
Prioritize
17.___________ The longer you let something sit, the more it will weigh on you and take up valuable brain space.
Practice self－care
Here are the key aspects to self－care that so often get forgotten：
Drink water.Prevent tiredness, help digestion, your skin and your sleep.
Stretch.Get oxygen flowing into your muscles before or during a stressful situation.
Exercise regularly.Don't let your busy schedule take priority over your health.
18.__________ Read, take a bath, go for a run, listen to music, or phone a friend.
Communicate
Find a network of people who you can vent (宣泄) to.This is a fantastic way to reduce bringing work troubles and stress home with you.You have the opportunity to blow off the first build－up of steam. 19.________
Breathe
Breathing deeply brings more oxygen into your body, producing endorphins (内啡肽)．They fight with cortisol, a chemical which is a result of anxiety or stress.Did you know breathing is responsible for most of your body's detoxification (排毒) 20.____________ This critical part of calming yourself down allows you the space and time to focus on the problem at hand and have a quiet mind to tackle what's ahead of you.
A．Find time for yourself.
B．Read and practice more.
C．Cross off the most stressful tasks first.
D．So you can go home a bit more calm and sensible.
E．In this way you can communicate with whoever you like to.
F．It can harm our bodies, our relationships and our overall quality of life.
G．It also increases energy, lowers blood pressure and slows your heartbeat.
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·山东潍坊一中高三开学摸底)
In October 2020, 71－year－old Bill Sumiel, battling kidney failure, found himself in an unlikely situation—a ride with Uber that would change his life.Little did he know that his 21 with Timothy Letts, the Uber driver, would lead to an extraordinary tie that went beyond the boundaries of mere 22 .
Having lived with a(n) 23 that caused kidney issues for over two decades, Sumiel relied on Uber for transportation to his specialized center.During the journey, they 24 over their conversation.“Bill really lit up the car with positive energy，” says Letts. 25 ， he offered to donate his kidney after learning about Sumiel's search for a donor.Despite being 26 by Letts' unforeseen generosity, Sumiel quickly 27 that Letts was genuinely sincere about his offer.Following months of screening and 28 ， it was confirmed that Letts was an ideal donor and a perfect 29 for Sumiel.On December 7, 2021, the successful surgeries changed Sumiel's life for the better, 30 him from kidney treatment.Sumiel 31 the extraordinary nature of living donors like him and was 32 Letts' selfless act.
Now, Sumiel cherishes precious moments with his family.Letts, although relocated to another country for work commitments, 33 a solid relationship with Sumiel, anxiously awaiting their 34 .As fate would have it, their unexpected Uber 35 became a life－saving journey, showcasing the power of kindness, empathy (共情), and human connection in the face of adversity.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Bill Sumiel因为肾衰竭需要肾移植，但是找不到合适的肾源。有一天Bill Sumiel在Uber上打了一辆车，他在车上和Uber司机Letts闲聊时讲述了自己的困境。Letts在了解情况后提出捐献自己的肾脏。最终，肾脏移植手术很成功。
21．(　　)A.experiment B．encounter
C．competition D．appointment
22．(　　)A.passengers B．travellers
C．friends D．strangers
23．(　　)A.failure B．infection
C．condition D．loss
24．(　　)A.bonded B．debated
C．reflected D．observed
25．(　　)A.Naturally B．Eventually
C．Normally D．Directly
26．(　　)A.delighted B．puzzled
C．surprised D．embarrassed
27．(　　)A.requested B．realized
C．predicted D．hesitated
28．(　　)A.consulting B．treating
C．admitting D．testing
29．(　　)A.match B．candidate
C．partner D．supporter
30．(　　)A.relieving B．enhancing
C．freeing D．rescuing
31．(　　)A.estimated B．shared
C．recognized D．recalled
32．(　　)A.interested in B．cautious about
C．sympathetic to D．grateful for
33．(　　)A.acknowledges B．maintains
C．explores D．ends
34．(　　)A.reunion B．commitment
C．conversation D．memory
35．(　　)A.participation B．transportation
C．transformation D．interaction
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My family has lived in one big city after another because of my dad’s job. I love living in the city because I can find opportunities for culture, 36 (educate), and entertainment. Now, I live in London. 37 my free time, I can visit the museums, the zoo, cinema and community centers. I can also read good books in public 38 (library) and bookshops. Besides, I can visit lovely and peaceful parks 39 (relax) myself. However, some people who live in the country don’t like to live in the city because they feel stressed, noisy and 40 (crowd).
I also like living in the country. I can feed cows, goats and chickens, and even learn to ride 41 horse. I can also go on nature walks, and explore forests, caves and beaches. However, some city people think country life is lonely because they think they 42 (cut) off from the outside world. They are also more likely to be lonely when they 43 (live) in a big city.
So it is hard to decide 44 city life is better than country life or not. 45 (actual), it’s not where you live but how you live that decides your happy life.
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假如你叫李华，你的英国笔友Mike在来信中提到很想了解中国高中学生的日常生活现状。请你给他写一封回信，向他讲述你在学校的日常生活状况
Dear Mike，
How are you getting on Knowing that 1._______________________________ (你对我在学校的日常生活感兴趣)，I'm writing to tell you something about it.
I have set a goal to study in a prestigious university 2._______________________________ (高中毕业后)．Therefore, I tend to do 3._______________________________ (各种各样的作业)by my teachers every day.Besides, I have to revise every subject in the evening, 4._______________________________ (为了能在功课上取得进步；so that引导目的状语从句)．Our school life is 5.______________________
_______________(压力太大，以至于) I seldom have enough time to take any physical sports.6.________
_______________________ (为了不辜负父母对我的期望), I don't want to miss a single moment at school.
I would appreciate it 7._______________________________(如果你能回信) and tell me something about your daily life at school.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
北师大版必修一-Unit 1-Life Choices-单元整合训练(解析版)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分)
A
(2025·八省联考)
East Yorkshire Attractions
Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum
The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF
Tel：01759 307125
The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish.We also have Stewart Museum, a children's playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms.Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year.
Open：10：00 am to 5：30 pm
Prices：Adults ￡4.65, Seniors ￡3.95, Children ￡2.50
Goole Museum
Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS
Tel：01405 768963
The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands on exhibits for younger visitors.The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month.
Open：10：00 am to 5：00 pm
Admission Free
Sledmere House
Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG
Tel：01377 236637
Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire's most attractive houses.We have an award winning garden, a military museum, a children's play area, and a café & gift shop.Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.
Open：11：30 am to 3：30 pm
Prices：Adults ￡8.00, Seniors ￡6.00, Children ￡3.00
Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF
Tel：01262 673653
The family run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment.It offers daily shows of pig racing.We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun filled day out for families.
Open：10：00 am to 5：00 pm
Prices：Adults ￡4.50, Seniors ￡4.00, Children ￡3.50
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了英国东约克郡的四个旅游景点。
1．Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions？(　A　)
A．Goole Museum.
B．Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum.
C．Sledmere House.
D．Bridlington Bird & Animal Park.
解析：细节理解题。根据Goole Museum部分中的“The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art, craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month.”可知，古尔博物馆有一个临时展览馆，展出包括艺术、手工艺和当地历史，每月都会更换。故选A。
2．What can tourists do at Sledmere House？(　D　)
A．Feed a wide range of animals.
B．Watch a band concert on Sunday.
C．Explore the history of the town.
D．Enjoy organ music on Thursday.
解析：细节理解题。根据Sledmere House部分中的“Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.”可知，游客每周四可以在Sledmere House欣赏管风琴音乐演奏。故选D。
3．What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park？(　C　)
A．￡2.50. B．￡3.00.
C．￡3.50. D．￡4.00.
解析：细节理解题。根据Bridlington Bird & Animal Park部分中的“Prices: Adults ￡4.50, Seniors ￡4.00，Children ￡3.50”可知，儿童票价为￡3.50。故选C。
B
(2025·北京房山高三开学摸底)
One day I was unwrapping a birthday gift from my teenage son—a blouse more stylish than I felt comfortable wearing.My first thought when I opened the tissue paper and saw the blouse was that it was another candidate to hang in the back of my closet.I felt like the most important person didn't care enough about me to think about my likes and dislikes.
“What do you think, Mom？” Jason asked, hardly waiting for me to pull the blouse out of the box.“I thought it would look so nice on you.” He smiled at me with anticipation.
At that moment, I realized Jason saw me as someone who would be open to receiving and wearing something more elegant than my usual clothes.He wanted to give me something special.It was a flash of sudden recognition.Then everything changed.
“It's beautiful，” I was able to say genuinely as I hugged him.
“Try it on.I want to see how it looks，” Jason added.
“I know just the skirt to try it with，” I said as I headed towards my closet.
When I returned with the outfit on, Jason was waiting.“It looks just like I thought it would.It's pretty on you, Mom，” Jason said.
I tried to stop the tears that were welling in the corner of my eyes.“Thank you, honey.It is a beautiful blouse.I can tell you put a lot of thought into picking it out.”
Jason probably wondered why I was so emotional over the gift.It made me think back on the gifts I'd ignored.Maybe the people who gave me the gifts saw something in me that I didn't see in myself.That opened me up to change and growth.
In the years since, I received my son's present.I have rarely felt disappointed when a gift doesn't match my interests or desires.I've started appreciating the thoughts and efforts behind every gift and accepted it with gratitude.This change has made holidays more joyful and deepened my appreciation for family and friends.
There is surely something special about receiving a gift that is perfectly suited for you.But I have found that it is just as special to receive all gifts with an open mind and a grateful heart.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者收到了儿子送的生日礼物，这件礼物并不合作者的心意，但作者突然意识到这反映了自己在儿子心目中的形象，作者的心态因此发生了改变。收下适合自己的礼物固然特别，但怀着开放且感激的心态收下所有类型的礼物同样特别。
4．How did the author feel in the beginning when receiving the present from her son？(　D　)
A．Curious. B．Relieved.
C．Guilty. D．Dissatisfied.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“One day I was unwrapping a birthday gift from my teenage son…I felt like the most important person didn't care enough about me to think about my likes and dislikes.”可知，作者觉得这件衬衫穿起来不舒服，以后只能放在衣柜里，束之高阁，她觉得儿子没有关心自己，由此可推测，作者一开始对这个礼物并不满意。故选D。
5．What mainly changed the author's attitude toward Jason's gift？(　A　)
A．The understanding of Jason's thoughts.
B．The recognition of her own potential.
C．The skirt that matches the blouse.
D．The praise from Jason.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“At that moment, I realized Jason saw me as someone who would be open to receiving and wearing something more elegant than my usual clothes.He wanted to give me something special.It was a flash of sudden recognition.Then everything changed.”可推知，作者突然理解了儿子的想法，所以改变了对这件礼物的态度。故选A。
6．After reflecting on past gifts, the author became .(　D　)
A．careful about choosing gifts
B．indifferent to receiving gifts
C．joyful about choosing gifts
D．grateful for receiving gifts
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“It made me think back on the gifts I'd ignored.Maybe the people who gave me the gifts saw something in me that I didn't see in myself.That opened me up to change and growth.”和倒数第二段中的“I have rarely felt disappointed when a gift doesn't match my interests or desires.I've started appreciating the thoughts and efforts behind every gift and accepted it with gratitude.”可知，作者回顾了过去曾收到的礼物，开始心怀感激地接受礼物。故选D。
7．What can we learn from this passage？(　C　)
A．What suits you is best for you.
B．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
C．An open mind is the source of progress.
D．Unspoken gratitude is often the most heartfelt.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者一开始收到儿子送的礼物时感觉不合自己的心意，有些失望，但后来突然理解了儿子送这件礼物背后的想法，这让作者改变了心态，回顾以前收到的礼物，作者明白了送礼人背后的想法和努力，此后开始保持开放心态、心怀感激地接受礼物。最后一段中的“But I have found that it is just as special to receive all gifts with an open mind and a grateful heart.”突出文章主题，即要怀着开放的心态和感恩的心接受所有礼物。由此可推测出，C项“开放的心态是进步的源泉。”符合题意。故选C。
C
(2025·T8联考)
It goes without saying that hard physical labor wears you out, but what about hard mental labor？“Influential theories suggested that fatigue(疲惫) is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity，”says Mathias Pessiglione of Pitié Salpêtrière University in Paris, France.“But our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional transformation—accumulation of toxic substances—so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve the integrity of brain functioning.”
Pessiglione and colleagues wanted to understand what mental fatigue really is. They used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor brain chemistry over the course of a workday. They studied two groups of people: those who needed to think hard and those who had relatively simple cognitive tasks.
They saw signs of fatigue, only in the group doing hard mental work. Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort. Critically, they also had higher levels of glutamate(谷氨酸) in the brain's prefrontal cortex(前额皮质). Together with earlier evidence, the scientists say it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly, such that cognitive control is more difficult after a mentally tough workday.
So, is there some way to overcome this limitation of our brain's ability to think hard “Not really, I'm afraid，”Pessiglione said. “I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed from the brain during sleep.”
There may be other practical implications of the findings. For example, the researchers say, monitoring of prefrontal cortex could help to detect severe mental fatigue. Such an ability may help adjust work agendas to avoid burnout. Pessiglione also advises people to avoid making important decisions when they're tired.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脑力疲惫是什么，脑力疲惫产生时大脑皮层里会发生哪些变化，以及应该采取哪些措施来应对脑力疲惫。
8．What does the underlined word “gratifying” in paragraph 1 mean？(　A　)
A．Relaxing. B．Complex.
C．Temporary. D．Rewarding.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Influential theories suggested that fatigue(疲惫) is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity…”可知，当身体感到疲惫时，大脑会让我们停下手里的工作，转向“轻松的”活动。
9．What does the group performing hard mental work exhibit in the study？(　D　)
A．Fewer signs of mental fatigue.
B．Greater motivation and effort.
C．It efficiency in complex tasks.
D．Stronger preference for immediate rewards.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort.”可知，实验中从事艰苦脑力劳动的小组会倾向于以最小努力在短时间内获得奖励的选择。
10．What do we know about glutamate accumulation？(　C　)
A．It causes a sense of peaceful mind.
B．It enhances brain function in a limited way.
C．It signals the brain is emptying its mental energy.
D.It decreases the cost of prefrontal cortex activation.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Together with earlier evidence, the scientists say it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly, such that cognitive control is more difficult after a mentally tough workday.”可知，谷氨酸的积累使前额皮质进一步激活的成本更高(更费力)，因此在脑力紧张的工作日之后，认知控制变得更加困难。由此可推知，谷氨酸的积累标志着大脑正在耗尽精神能量。
11．What is Pessiglione's advice for those overwhelmed by mentally demanding tasks？(　C　)
A．Remove them from the work agenda.
B．Reduce the complexity of all cognitive tasks.
C.Schedule strategic breaks to allow for recovery.
D.Apply technology to monitoring the brain activity.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Pessiglione所说的“I would employ good old recipes：rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed from the brain during sleep.”可知，Pessiglione建议那些从事高脑力任务的人要合理安排休息时间。
D
(2025·江苏扬州高三开学考试)
Allow me to list the short－lived hobbies I started and quickly gave up when I didn't succeed：pottery, softball, the violin and designing new－style T－shirts.Uncomfortable to ask for help, I'd rather drop a hobby than give myself time to improve.Being challenged can make me angry sometimes.
Babies and children feel challenged almost at everything, because each experience is new.Adults, on the other hand, see anything less than doing really well as failure.If you're at all like me, you protect yourself from this feeling and avoid hobbies that might show a lack of competence.
Although challenges can bring discomfort, we shouldn't shy away from activities we enjoy simply because we aren't great at them.As the season for new habits and hobbies comes, put your pride to one side, and embrace the challenge.
The way you think about your abilities can influence your performance.There are two ways people view success: fixed mindset and growth mindset.If you have a fixed mindset, you may believe you already have all the skills and abilities you will ever have and you may never improve with effort.Growth mindset is the belief that you can advance through hard work, support, and a different method.“To develop a growth mindset, remind yourself that the first time you began any endeavor, you probably met challenges，” says Daya Grant, a mental performance coach.“Then you got better.As you learn and build skills, however slowly, celebrate those little wins.A win is a win.It doesn't really matter to the brain how big or small it is.”
“But if you love the challenge，” Grant says, “or enjoy the hard work, accept the fact that you may be doing the thing, whether it's dancing or playing the violin, well enough.” This reminder is one I'll take with me as I start new projects that I might not be naturally good at.Catch me at a pottery wheel or playing my guitar in my bedroom.Or don't.The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作者自身的经历引出讨论的主题，探讨了面对挑战和失败的态度，并提出了转变思维方式以更好地应对挑战的观点。
12．What's the function of the first paragraph？(　B　)
A．To provide background information.
B．To bring about the topic of the passage.
C．To stress the importance of success.
D．To introduce his personal experience.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Allow me to list the short－lived hobbies I started and quickly gave up when I didn't succeed：pottery…I'd rather drop a hobby than give myself time to improve.Being challenged can make me angry sometimes.”可知，第一段列举了作者曾经尝试过但很快放弃的爱好，目的是引出文章的主题，即面对挑战和失败的态度。故选B。
13．What do the underlined words “this feeling” in paragraph 2 refer to？(　C　)
A．Feeling confident almost at everything.
B．Dropping a hobby rather than improving it.
C．Seeing anything that can't do well as failure.
D．Avoiding hobbies showing a lack of abilities.
解析：词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Babies and children feel challenged almost at everything, because each experience is new.Adults, on the other hand, see anything less than doing really well as failure.If you're at all like me, you protect yourself from”可知，this feeling指的是“成年人将不能很好地完成某事视为失败的感觉”。故选C。
14．What does Daya Grant think is important in developing a growth mindset？(　C　)
A．Building practical and creative skills.
B．Asking for professional suggestions.
C．Having enough patience and confidence.
D．Developing a strong sense of competition.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“‘To develop a growth mindset, remind yourself that the first time you began any endeavor, you probably met challenges，’ says Daya Grant, a mental performance coach.‘Then you got better.As you learn and build skills, however slowly, celebrate those little wins.A win is a win.It doesn't really matter to the brain how big or small it is.’”可知，Daya Grant认为在培养成长型思维时，重要的是要有足够的耐心和信心，并庆祝每一个小的胜利。故选C。
15．What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph？(　D　)
A．He has developed his own ways of succeeding.
B．He has learned how to balance life and work.
C．He cares a lot about what others think of him.
D．He now learns how to embrace challenges.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘But if you love the challenge，’ Grant says…The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.”可推知，作者现在学会了如何接受挑战，不再在意结果是否完美。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·福建泉州高三模拟)
Stress is unavoidable in life.We all face it daily, whether it is a small inconvenience or a major life challenge.Stress negatively affects all aspects of our lives both personally and professionally. 16.____________So what can we do about it Here are some helpful tips to fight stress, defeat it and move on.
Prioritize
17.___________ The longer you let something sit, the more it will weigh on you and take up valuable brain space.
Practice self－care
Here are the key aspects to self－care that so often get forgotten：
Drink water.Prevent tiredness, help digestion, your skin and your sleep.
Stretch.Get oxygen flowing into your muscles before or during a stressful situation.
Exercise regularly.Don't let your busy schedule take priority over your health.
18.__________ Read, take a bath, go for a run, listen to music, or phone a friend.
Communicate
Find a network of people who you can vent (宣泄) to.This is a fantastic way to reduce bringing work troubles and stress home with you.You have the opportunity to blow off the first build－up of steam. 19.________
Breathe
Breathing deeply brings more oxygen into your body, producing endorphins (内啡肽)．They fight with cortisol, a chemical which is a result of anxiety or stress.Did you know breathing is responsible for most of your body's detoxification (排毒) 20.____________ This critical part of calming yourself down allows you the space and time to focus on the problem at hand and have a quiet mind to tackle what's ahead of you.
A．Find time for yourself.
B．Read and practice more.
C．Cross off the most stressful tasks first.
D．So you can go home a bit more calm and sensible.
E．In this way you can communicate with whoever you like to.
F．It can harm our bodies, our relationships and our overall quality of life.
G．It also increases energy, lowers blood pressure and slows your heartbeat.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何应对生活中的压力。
16．F　解析：根据上文“Stress negatively affects all aspects of our lives both personally and professionally.”可知，空处承接上文，具体说明压力的影响。F项“It can harm our bodies, our relationships and our overall quality of life.(它会损害我们的身体、人际关系和整体生活质量。)”符合语境，“It”指代上文的“Stress”。故选F。
17．C　解析：根据段落小标题“Prioritize”可知，本段主要讨论的是“优先处理”的重要性。C项“Cross off the most stressful tasks first.(先排除最有压力的任务。)”符合语境。故选C。
18．A　解析：根据上文“Here are the key aspects to self－care that so often get forgotten…Don't let your busy schedule take priority over your health.”可知，在前面的段落中提到了自我照顾的重要性，并列举了一些具体的做法，如喝水、伸展、定期锻炼等。A项“Find time for yourself.(为自己找时间。)”显然是自我照顾的一个方面，即给自己留出一些时间来放松和享受，符合语境。故选A。
19．D　解析：根据上文“Find a network of people who you can vent (宣泄) to.This is a fantastic way to reduce bringing work troubles and stress home with you.You have the opportunity to blow off the first build－up of steam.”可知，上文提到找人倾诉是一种减少工作压力和烦恼的好方法，这样有机会先释放一些压力。空处则和上文形成因果关系，指出倾诉带来的良好效果。D项“So you can go home a bit more calm and sensible.(这样你回家时就能更冷静、更理智一些。)”符合语境。故选D。
20．G　解析：根据上文“Breathing deeply brings more oxygen into your body, producing endorphins (内啡肽)．They fight with cortisol, a chemical which is a result of anxiety or stress.Did you know breathing is responsible for most of your body's detoxification (排毒)？”可知，上文提到深呼吸可以为身体带来更多的氧气，产生内啡肽，这种物质可以对抗焦虑或压力产生的化学物质，空处承接上文，进一步说明深呼吸带来的好处。G项“It also increases energy, lowers blood pressure and slows your heartbeat.(它还能增加能量，降低血压和减缓心跳。)”符合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·山东潍坊一中高三开学摸底)
In October 2020, 71－year－old Bill Sumiel, battling kidney failure, found himself in an unlikely situation—a ride with Uber that would change his life.Little did he know that his 21 with Timothy Letts, the Uber driver, would lead to an extraordinary tie that went beyond the boundaries of mere 22 .
Having lived with a(n) 23 that caused kidney issues for over two decades, Sumiel relied on Uber for transportation to his specialized center.During the journey, they 24 over their conversation.“Bill really lit up the car with positive energy，” says Letts. 25 ， he offered to donate his kidney after learning about Sumiel's search for a donor.Despite being 26 by Letts' unforeseen generosity, Sumiel quickly 27 that Letts was genuinely sincere about his offer.Following months of screening and 28 ， it was confirmed that Letts was an ideal donor and a perfect 29 for Sumiel.On December 7, 2021, the successful surgeries changed Sumiel's life for the better, 30 him from kidney treatment.Sumiel 31 the extraordinary nature of living donors like him and was 32 Letts' selfless act.
Now, Sumiel cherishes precious moments with his family.Letts, although relocated to another country for work commitments, 33 a solid relationship with Sumiel, anxiously awaiting their 34 .As fate would have it, their unexpected Uber 35 became a life－saving journey, showcasing the power of kindness, empathy (共情), and human connection in the face of adversity.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Bill Sumiel因为肾衰竭需要肾移植，但是找不到合适的肾源。有一天Bill Sumiel在Uber上打了一辆车，他在车上和Uber司机Letts闲聊时讲述了自己的困境。Letts在了解情况后提出捐献自己的肾脏。最终，肾脏移植手术很成功。
21．(　B　)A.experiment B．encounter
C．competition D．appointment
解析：句意：他并不知道，他与Uber司机Timothy Letts的相遇会导致一种非同寻常的联系，超越了仅仅是陌生人的界限。A.experiment实验； B.encounter相遇； C．competition竞争；D.appointment约定。根据上文“a ride with Uber”和下文“with Timothy Letts, the Uber driver”可知，他搭乘Uber，所以是和Uber司机相遇。故选B。
22．(　D　)A.passengers B．travellers
C．friends D．strangers
解析：根据上文“Timothy Letts, the Uber driver”可知，Uber司机对他来说只是个陌生人。故选D。A.passengers乘客；B.travellers旅行者；C.friends朋友；D.strangers陌生人。
23．(　C　)A.failure B．infection
C．condition D．loss
解析：句意：患有导致肾脏问题的疾病20多年来，Sumiel一直依靠Uber来接送他去专业中心。A.failure失败；B.infection感染；C.condition疾病；D.loss损失。根据下文“that caused kidney issues”可知，他患有导致肾脏问题的疾病。故选C。
24．(　A　)A.bonded B．debated
C．reflected D．observed
解析：句意：在旅途中，他们因谈话而亲密无间。A.bonded(使)建立亲密关系；B.debated辩论；C.reflected反映；D.observed观察。根据下文“over their conversation”可知，他们在谈话中建立了亲密的关系。故选A。
25．(　B　)A.Naturally B．Eventually
C．Normally D．Directly
解析：句意：最终，在得知Sumiel正在寻找捐赠者后，他提出捐献自己的肾脏。A.Naturally自然地，天然地；B.Eventually最终；C.Normally正常情况下；D.Directly直接地。根据下文“he offered to donate his kidney after learning about Sumiel's search for a donor”可知，最终他提出捐献自己的肾脏。故选B。
26．(　C　)A.delighted B．puzzled
C．surprised D．embarrassed
解析：句意：尽管对Letts出乎意料的慷慨感到惊讶，但Sumiel很快意识到，Letts对他的提议是真诚的。A.delighted高兴的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“by Letts' unforeseen generosity”可知，对Letts出乎意料的慷慨，他应是感到惊讶。故选C。
27．(　B　)A.requested B．realized
C．predicted D．hesitated
解析：根据下文“that Letts was genuinely sincere about his offer”可知，他意识到Letts对他的提议是真诚的。故选B。A.requested要求；B.realized意识到；C.predicted预测；D.hesitated犹豫。
28．(　D　)A.consulting B．treating
C．admitting D．testing
解析：句意：经过几个月的检查和化验，Letts被证实是一个理想的捐赠者，是Sumiel的完美配对者。A.consulting咨询；B.treating对待；C.admitting承认；D.testing(医疗上的)化验。根据上文“Following months of screening”和下文“it was confirmed that Letts was an ideal donor”可知，要经过检查和化验才能确定Letts是一个理想的捐赠者。故选D。
29．(　A　)A.match B．candidate
C．partner D．supporter
解析：根据上文“Letts was an ideal donor”可知，Letts被证实是一个理想的捐赠者，是Sumiel的完美配对者。故选A。A.match配对者；B.candidate候选人；C.partner搭档；D.supporter支持者。
30．(　C　)A.relieving B．enhancing
C．freeing D．rescuing
解析：句意：2021年12月7日，成功的手术改变了Sumiel的生活，使他摆脱了肾脏治疗。A.relieving缓解；B.enhancing提高；C.freeing使免于，不遭受；D.rescuing救。根据上文“the successful surgeries changed Sumiel's life for the better”可知，手术很成功，所以让Sumiel摆脱了肾脏治疗。故选C。
31．(　C　)A.estimated B．shared
C．recognized D．recalled
解析：句意：Sumiel赞赏像他这样的活体捐赠者的非凡之处，并对Letts的无私行为表示感谢。A.estimated估计；B.shared分享；C.recognized赞赏；D.recalled回想。根据下文“the extraordinary nature of living donors like him”可知，Sumiel赞赏像他这样的活体捐赠者的非凡之处。故选C。
32．(　D　)A.interested in B．cautious about
C．sympathetic to D．grateful for
解析：根据上文“Letts was an ideal donor”和下文“Letts' selfless act”可知，Letts无私地把肾捐给了Sumiel，所以Sumiel应是觉得感激。故选D。A.(be)interested in对……感兴趣；B.(be)cautious about对……谨慎；C.(be)sympathetic to对……同情；D.(be)grateful for对……表示感谢。
33．(　B　)A.acknowledges B．maintains
C．explores D．ends
解析：句意：Letts虽然因为工作承诺搬迁到了另一个国家，却与Sumiel保持着稳固的关系，焦急地等待着他们的团聚。A.acknowledges承认；B.maintains保持；C.explores探索；D.ends结束。根据下文“a solid relationship with Sumiel”可知，Letts搬迁到另一个国家后还和Sumiel保持着稳固的关系。故选B。
34．(　A　)A.reunion B．commitment
C．conversation D．memory
解析：根据上文“ 13 a solid relationship with Sumiel”和“anxiously awaiting”可知，Letts与Sumiel保持着稳固的关系，Letts焦急地等待着他们的团聚。故选A。A.reunion团聚；B.commitment承诺；C.conversation对话；D.memory记忆。
35．(　D　)A.participation B．transportation
C．transformation D．interaction
解析：句意：就像命运安排的那样，他们在Uber上出乎意料的互动成了一次拯救生命的旅程，展示了面对逆境时善良、同理心和人际关系的力量。A.participation参加；B.transportation运输；C.transformation转变；D.interaction互动。根据上文“they 4 over their conversation”可知，此处指他们在Uber上的互动。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My family has lived in one big city after another because of my dad’s job. I love living in the city because I can find opportunities for culture, 36 (educate), and entertainment. Now, I live in London. 37 my free time, I can visit the museums, the zoo, cinema and community centers. I can also read good books in public 38 (library) and bookshops. Besides, I can visit lovely and peaceful parks 39 (relax) myself. However, some people who live in the country don’t like to live in the city because they feel stressed, noisy and 40 (crowd).
I also like living in the country. I can feed cows, goats and chickens, and even learn to ride 41 horse. I can also go on nature walks, and explore forests, caves and beaches. However, some city people think country life is lonely because they think they 42 (cut) off from the outside world. They are also more likely to be lonely when they 43 (live) in a big city.
So it is hard to decide 44 city life is better than country life or not. 45 (actual), it’s not where you live but how you live that decides your happy life.
36．education 37．In/During 38．libraries 39．to relax 40．crowded 41．a 42．are cut 43．live 44．whether 45．Actually
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了城市生活和乡村生活的特点。
36．考查名词。句意：我喜欢住在城市，因为我可以找到文化、教育和娱乐的机会。此处与culture和entertainment并列作for的宾语，用名词education，意为“教育”。故填education。
37．考查介词。句意：在我的空闲时间里，我可以参观博物馆、动物园、电影院和社区中心。此处为固定短语in/during one’s free time，表示“在某人空闲时间里”。位于句首，首字母大写。故填In/During。
38．考查名词复数。句意：我也可以在公共图书馆和书店读好书。library为可数名词，空前无表示数量的限定词，结合bookshops可知，此处用复数形式libraries，表泛指。故填libraries。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，我可以参观可爱而宁静的公园来放松自己。此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式to relax作目的状语。故填to relax。
40．考查形容词。句意：然而，一些住在乡下的人不喜欢住在城市，因为他们觉得有压力、嘈杂和拥挤。此处与stressful和noisy并列作表语，用crowded，意为“拥挤的”。故填crowded。
41．考查冠词。句意：我可以喂牛、山羊和鸡，甚至学习骑马。horse为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一匹马”，且horse是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
42．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，一些城市人认为乡村生活是孤独的，因为他们认为自己与外界隔绝了。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，结合句子时态可知，用一般现在时。主语they与cut为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语they为复数，be动词用are。故填are cut。
43．考查动词时态。句意：当他们住在大城市时，他们也更有可能感到孤独。when引导时间状语从句，结合主句的are可知，从句用一般现在时。主语they为复数，所以谓语动词用复数。故填live。
44．考查宾语从句。句意：所以很难决定城市生活是否比乡村生活更好。空处引导宾语从句，作decide的宾语，结合句意及or not可知，用连接词whether，意为“是否”。故填whether。
45．考查副词。句意：实际上，决定你幸福生活的不是你住在哪里，而是你如何生活。此处修饰整个句子，用副词actually，意为“实际上”。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。
Ⅴ.应用文写作：
假如你叫李华，你的英国笔友Mike在来信中提到很想了解中国高中学生的日常生活现状。请你给他写一封回信，向他讲述你在学校的日常生活状况
Dear Mike，
How are you getting on Knowing that 1.you are interested in my daily life at school (你对我在学校的日常生活感兴趣)，I'm writing to tell you something about it.
I have set a goal to study in a prestigious university 2.after graduating from senior high school (高中毕业后)．Therefore, I tend to do 3.a wide range of assignments (各种各样的作业)by my teachers every day.Besides, I have to revise every subject in the evening, 4.so that I can get ahead in my lessons (为了能在功课上取得进步；so that引导目的状语从句)．Our school life is 5.so stressful that (压力太大，以至于) I seldom have enough time to take any physical sports.6.In order to live up to my parents' hope on me (为了不辜负父母对我的期望), I don't want to miss a single moment at school.
I would appreciate it 7.if you could write back (如果你能回信) and tell me something about your daily life at school.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua