非谓语
重点知识点
非谓语VS谓语
He likes to read the Harry Potter.
动词1 动词2
数的变化:单三+s/es(以x、s、o、ch、sh结尾单词,加es。辅音字母+y,变y为ies)
Be动词
2.可加助动词: 情态动词:can,could,should
狭义助动词:无实际含义,表示语气的加强:do/does/did
完成助动词:have/has/had
3.时态的变化:
一般现在时:表示常态:人称+do/does(“三单”)
一般过去时:过去经常性地或反复性地发生的动作。did或 used to do;be动词: was/were
一般将来时:将来的时间发生的动作。will do/be going to do/ be about to do...
过去将来时:过去打算、计划要做的事情。would do/was(were) going to do
现在进行时:现在或近段时间正在发生的动作。 am/is/are +doing.
现在完成时:影响与持续:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。2.过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常见标志词:since,so far=up to now /in the past xx years/ over the years/ over the last xx years 主语+has(“三单”)/have done
过去完成时(切记:这是个相对的时态, 不要乱用):表示动作 “过去的过去” ----|----------|--------|----> 过去的过去 过去 现在 主语+had +done 标志词:by the end of last…,by the time…
4.语态的变化:被动语态:be done
5.系动词:
(1)Be动词
(2)感官动词:look,sound,taste,feel,smell
(3)变化系动词:become, get(常指天气变得), turn(变色), go(变质) {go bad, go mad, go wrong ,go blind}, come( come true), grow(一般指生长的变化), fall (fall ill, fall asleep)(4)保持系动词:remain (仍然是,保持是), stay(保持是), keep(保持是)
(5) 似乎:seem/ appear
在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。
种类 形式 主动 被动
不定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing(某些必须后接to do的词或短语,如果to do需要表达正在进行的动作) ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done(强调的是该被动动作正在进行中)
完成式 having done(非谓语表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作) having been done
分词 现在 分词 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去 分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成
所以:likes因为有s 所以是谓语,to read符合不定式的结构,所以是非谓语
其他知识点:
独立主格结构
若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语,即“逻辑主语(名词/代词)+非谓语动词”,构成独立主格结构。
Eg: Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
The test finished,we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们的假期开始了。
with复合结构
(1)with+名词/代词+现在分词,现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上,眼睛望着天空。
(2)with+名词/代词+过去分词,过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
With his hair cut,he looked much younger. 理了发,他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with+名词/代词+不定式,不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With a lot of homework to do,I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做,所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
非谓语做题步骤:
看:看有没有连词;有没有谓语
判:判断谓语个数是否与连词个数相符合(连词个数=谓语个数-1)
填:个数相符,句子里不缺谓语,填对应的非谓语;个数不相符,句子里缺谓语,填谓语(考虑时态语态单复数)
学会判断何时使用非谓语动词
(1)The girl_____________(dance) outside the classroom now.
→分析:该句中_________(有/没有)谓语动词,所以该空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词),时态为_____________。
(2)The girl_________________(dance) outside the classroom now and she looks very happy.
→分析:该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词,但是有并列连词_______连接了两个动词,所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)。
(3)The girl_________(dance) outside the classroom now looks very happy.
→分析:该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词,并且______(有/没有)连词,所以空格应使用_____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。
(4)The girl who____________(dance) outside the classroom now looks very happy.
→分析:该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词,但是有从属连词_______,所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词),时态为____________。(who引导的定语从句)
模拟题
1. The coach advised the players ________ (keep) calm during the game.
2. ________ (walk) in the park, I saw a beautiful flowerbed.
3.________ (work) on the project for months, they finally achieved a breakthrough.
4. ________ (give) more time, we could have done the job better.
5.I had my computer ________ (repair) because it had a virus.
6. The girl ________ (wear) a red dress is my sister.
7.The plan ________ (put) forward by the students is being considered.
8. People ________ (live) in the mountains enjoy fresh air.
9.Her goal is ________ (become) a doctor and help the sick.
10. With his attention ________ (focus) on the book, he didn't notice his friend leaving.
11.In 2017, Indonesian President Joko Widodo__________(speak) highly of the Belt and Road Initiative.
12.Over the past decades, great efforts________(make) by the country to preserve cultural heritage(遗产)sites.
13.The number of items Hao Yingjie and his company have collected_______________(be)now over three million.
14.So far, this three-day event_____________(generate) online buzz(热议)with related topics trending among netizens.
Actually, the 2026 World Cup____________(hold) in cities across America, Canada and Mexico, the first time it will be played across three host nations.
China has a large number of global cultural heritage sites___________(recognize) by UNESCO.
________________(date) from the Song Dynasty, New Year pictures reflect the customs and beliefs of the people.
With the officer_____________(struggle) to control the suspect's upper body, Mark put his weight on the man's legs.
Along with China's silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first items _______________(receive) worldwide trade.
As summer gives way to autumn, many of us long for warmth and sunlight. It is common for some of us________(feel) upset when the days get shorter.
答案
to keep
解析: advise sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配。
Walking
解析: 主语 I 和 walk 之间是主动关系,且walking与谓语saw的动作几乎同时发生,用现在分词作状语。
Having worked
解析: 主语 they 和 work 之间是主动关系,且work的动作在谓语achieved之前发生,用现在分词的完成式。
Given
解析: 主语 we 和 give 之间是被动关系(被给予更多时间),用过去分词表被动和完成。
repaired
解析: have sth. done 结构,表示“让某事被做”,电脑是被修理,用过去分词。
wearing
解析: 修饰主语 the girl,她与穿衣服是主动关系,且表示正在进行/状态,用现在分词作定语。
put
解析: 修饰主语 the plan,计划是被提出的,用过去分词表被动和完成。
living
解析: 修饰主语 people,人们与居住是主动关系,用现在分词作定语。
to become
解析: 不定式作表语,说明主语“目标”的具体内容。
focused
解析: with的复合结构,attention和focus是被动关系(注意力被集中于),用过去分词。
spoke
解析: 有明确的过去时间状语 (In 2017),句子缺少谓语动词,需用一般过去时。
have been made
解析: 时间状语 (Over the past decades) 是现在完成时的标志,且efforts与make是被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态。
is
解析: “The number of + 复数名词”作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词用单数。描述当前状态,用一般现在时。
has generated
解析: 时间状语 (So far) 是现在完成时的标志,主语是单数,用has done。
will be held
解析: 描述将来发生的被动动作,用一般将来时的被动语态 (will be done)。
recognized
解析: 修饰sites,遗址是被联合国教科文组织承认的,用过去分词作后置定语表被动完成。
Dating
- 解析: 主语New Year pictures与date from是主动关系(年画起源于...),用现在分词作状语。
struggling
解析: with的复合结构,officer与struggle是主动关系,且动作正在进行,用现在分词。
to receive
解析: 被序数词 (the first) 修饰的名词 (items) 后,常用不定式作定语。
to feel
解析: It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型。