Unit1Know yourself（Welcome-Reading）讲义译林版九年级英语上册

Unit 1 Know yourself!
Comic strip
知识点1. It says some people are generous.
上面说有些人是很慷慨的（P6）
say (v) 指书面材料或可见东西提供的信息
e.g. The notice says "Keep Quiet ".
通知上写着“保持安静”
e.g. The book doesn't say where he was born.
书上没有说他在哪里出生
It is said that ... 据说...
e.g. It is said that we will use robots on campus.
据说我们将会在校园里使用机器人
知识点2. It makes them feel good to share things with others.
这让他们和他人分享事情感觉良好（P6）
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
在被动语态中，to不能省去，这种用法的动词还有let, hear, see, watch, notice等
sb. be made to do sth. 某人被让做某事
e.g. He was made to clean the classroom by his teacher.
他被老师要求打扫教室
make sb./sth. + adj 让某人/某事怎样
e.g. The news made us very happy.
这个消息让我们非常开心
make sb./sth. + n 让某人/某事成为...
e.g. We made him our monitor.
我们让他当我们的班长
知识点3. Hobo, you’ve eaten up my breakfast!
Hobo，你吃光了我的早饭！（P6）
eat up 吃光，吃完
可单独使用，也可接某物做宾语。名词做宾语时放在up 前后均可
但代词做宾语时，必须放在eat 和up之间
e.g. Eat up, and we will go out soon.
把饭吃完，我们很快就要出门了
e.g. Eat up all your food. = Eat all your food up.
吃光你所有的食物
e.g. The noodles are delicious. Eat them up.
面条很好吃，把他们都吃掉
Welcome to the unit
知识点1. Suzy is well organized. She keeps all her things in good order.
Suzy做事很有条理，她总是把所有东西都整理得井井有条（P7）
organized (adj) 有条理的（修饰人），有组织的
e.g. He’s not organized. He is often late for meetings.
【词性拓展】
organize (v) 组织，筹备，整理，安排
e.g. He organizes activities for the children.
他为孩子们组织活动
organization (n) 组织，机构，组织工作
e.g. The organization has a central office in New York.
这个机构在纽约设有总部
order (n) 次序，顺序（不可数名词）；订购的货物，命令（可数名词）
e.g. As a soldier, he has to obey all the orders.
作为一名士兵，他得服从一切命令
keep ... in good order 使...保持井然有序
e.g. The house has been kept in good order.
房子已被保持的井井有条
in order to (do) 为了...（做某事）
e.g. I go swimming everyday in order to keep fit.
我每天游泳为了保持健康
order (v) 命令，订购，点（酒、菜）
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
e.g. The police ordered them to wait right there.
警察命令他们就在那儿等待
order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
e.g.He ordered three new suits for himself.
他给自己订购了三套新西装
知识点2. Daniel is very clever, but he is modest and never shows off.
Daniel非常聪明，但是他很谦虚，也从不炫耀（P7）
show off 炫耀，卖弄
e.g. I thought maybe the boy wanted to show off to his friends and his family.
我想也许这个男孩想和他的朋友、家人炫耀
【搭配拓展】show
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 向某人展示某物
e.g. Please show me your ticket. = Please show your ticket to me.
请向我展示你的票
show sb. around 带领某人参观某地
e.g. Let me show you around my new house.
让我带你参观一下我的新房子
show up 出现，露面
e.g. We waited until five o’clock, but he didn’t show up.
我们一直等到5点，但他还是没有露面
on show 展出，展示，展览
e.g. The latest computers will be on show at the activity.
最新的电脑会在活动中展出
知识点3. Mr Wu is patient enough to repeat grammar rules for us.
吴老师足够耐心的给我们重复语法规则（P7）
be + adj + enough + to do 足够...来做...
e.g. She is not old enough to go on a trip on her own.
她还不够大能让自己独立进行一次旅行
【用法拓展】enough
enough (adj) 足够的
修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，可以位于名词前面，也可以位于名词后面
e.g. We don’t have enough time to watch another show.
我们没有足够的时间再看一场演出
enough (adv) 足够地
修饰形容词、副词、动词，并后置
e.g. The movie today is not interesting enough.
今天的电影不够有趣
知识点4. Samuel is creative. He often comes up with new ideas.
Samuel很有创造力，他经常想出新的想法（P7）
creative (adj) 有创造性的
e.g. He uses creative ideas to improve city life.
他用创造性的想法来改善城市生活
【词性拓展】
create (v) 创造，创建，设计
e.g. They set up a big company and create more jobs at the same time.
他们创立了一个大公司，与此同时也创造了更多的工作岗位
creator (n) 创作者，发明者
e.g. He is one of the creators of the website.
他是这个网站的创始人之一
creation (n) 创作，作品
e.g. Education itself is a kind of creation.
教育本身就是一种创造
come up with 想出，提出，赶上（= catch up with赶上）
e.g. We are trying to come up with some ideas to solve the problem.
我们正在设法想出一些办法来解决这个问题
e.g. Jim has come up with his classmates. = Jim has caught up with his classmates.
Jim已经赶上了他的同学们
知识点5. Billy is curious about everything.
Billy对每件事情都很好奇（P7）
curious (adj) 好奇的，求知欲强的
e.g. Her eyes had a curious look.
她的眼里有一种好奇的神情
be curious about... 对...感到好奇
e.g. Why aren’t you curious about what happened
你为什么不对发生的事情感到好奇？
知识点6. Simon is very energetic.
Simon非常的精力充沛（P7）
energetic (adj) 精力充沛的（= be full of energy）
比较级：more energetic 最高级：the most energetic
e.g. He was hardworking and energetic.
他很努力且精力充沛
【词性拓展】
energy (n) 活力，精力，能量，能源（不可数名词）
e.g. It’s a waste of time and energy.
这是浪费时间和精力
e.g. Saving energy is saving money.
节约能源就是节约钱
知识点7. Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant.
我和我的父母都不认为我能成为一个好的会计（P7）
neither (pron) 两者都不
neither of + 代词或名词复数，此结构做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
either of + 代词或名词复数，表示“任何一个”
e.g. Neither of the stories was true.
两个故事都不是真实的
neither (adj) （两者中）没有一个（全部否定，接可数名词单数）
e.g. Neither story is interesting.
两个故事中没有一个是有趣的
neither ... nor... 既不...也不...（并列连词）
在句子中连接同等的句子成分，连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语保持一致（就近原则）
e.g. Neither you nor I am right.
你不对，我也不对
make (v) 成为，适合
e.g. She will make an excellent teacher.
她会成为一名杰出的教师
知识点8. I’m active and I love talking with people.
我很活跃并且我喜欢和人们交谈（P7）
active (adj) 主动的，活跃的，积极的
e.g. Bats are active at night.
蝙蝠在夜间很活跃
【词性拓展】
actor (n) 男演员
actress (n) 女演员
act (v) 行动，举动，表现，表演
act (n) 行为，行动
e.g. The play was well acted.
这出戏演得不错
e.g. It’s an impolite act.
这是一种不礼貌的行为
action (n) 行为，行动
e.g. Her quick action saved the child’s life.
她行动迅速，救了孩子的命
take action ( to do sth.) 采取行动（做某事）
e.g. We need more time to see how things develop before we take action.
在我们采取行动之前需要更多的时间观察情况的发展
【近义辨析】
act强调具体的，一次性的行为
action强调行为的过程、持续活动或实际效果
an act of kindness （一次）善行，善举
military action 军事行动
Reading
知识点1. “Wu Wei is a born artist”
吴威是一个天生的艺术家（P8）
born (adj) 天生的，出生的
e.g. They believe they are born leaders.
他们相信自己是天生的领导者
e.g. She was born with a weak body.
她生来就有一个脆弱的身体
知识点2. ..., but his work shouts!
但是他的作品引人注目（P8）
shout (v) 强烈表达，引人注目
e.g. Her red dress shouts in the crowd.
她的红裙子在人群中非常显眼
知识点3. Wu Wei, the young artist, has impressed the whole country with his creative work.
吴威作为年轻的艺术家，已经以他有创造性的作品让整个国家印象深刻（P8）
impress (v) 给...留下深刻印象
impress sb. with sth. 用某物给某人留下深刻印象
e.g. He impressed me with his excellent drawing skills.
他用杰出的绘画技巧给我留下深刻印象
be impressed with / by... 被...留下深刻印象
e.g. I’m impressed with / by your speech.
你的演讲使我印象深刻
【词性拓展】
impression (n) 印象，影响，作用
leave / make / have an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
e.g. Your school left / made / had a beautiful impression on me.
你的学校给我留下了美好的印象
whole (adj) 全体的，整体的，所有的（名词前做定语）
e.g. He spent the whole day drawing.
他花了一整天的时间画画
【近义辨析】whole和all
whole: 修饰可数名词单数，不修饰不可数名词
位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词、所有格之后
e.g. The whole week has passed quickly.
一整周过得很快
all：修饰可数和不可数名词
位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词、所有格之前
e.g. He ate up all his vegetables.
他吃光了所有的蔬菜
知识点4. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the are community
他为阳光城小镇打造的雕塑获得了当地艺术社区的一致好评（P8）
praise (n) 表扬，赞美，赞扬（不可数名词）
e.g. They deserve our praise and thanks.
他们值得我们的赞美和感谢
receive praise 接受赞美
give praise 表扬
high praise 高度赞扬
win high praise from sb. 赢得某人的高度赞扬
praise (v) 称赞，赞美，赞扬
praise sb. for. sth. 因某事赞扬某人
e.g. He praised her for her courage.
他赞扬了她的勇敢
win (v) 赢得（及物），获胜（不及物）
e.g. He is hoping to win the gold medal.
他希望赢得金牌
e.g. We just have to play our game and we can win.
我们只需要打好我们的比赛，并且会取得胜利的
知识点5. I’m always searching for something better or different.
我一直在寻找更好的或是不同的事情（P8）
search (v) 搜寻，搜查
search sb. / sth. 搜寻或检查某人或某物（强调搜寻的过程）
e.g. He searched every room in the house.
他搜寻了房子里的每一个房间
search for sb. / sth. 搜寻以找到某人或某物（目的在于找到，近似于look for）
e.g. They are searching in the forest for the lost boy.
他们在森林里寻找走丢的男孩
知识点6. Su Ning gave up her job as an accountant five years ago and started to work for the sales department in a big company.
苏宁在五年前放弃了她作为会计的工作然后开始在一家大公司的销售部工作（P8）
give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做某事）
e.g. I will never give up working hard.
我永远不会放弃努力学习
【搭配拓展】
give out 分发
e.g. The teacher will give out the papers tomorrow.
老师明天会发考卷
give in (to) 屈服（于）
e.g. Finally the enemy had to give in to us.
最终敌人不得不向我们屈服
give away 赠送，捐赠
e.g. They decided to give away their old furniture to charity.
他们决定把旧家具赠送给慈善机构
give off 散发出（气味/光）
e.g. Plants in danger give off a sweet smell.
处于危险中的植物会散发出一种香味
知识点7. You either take the lead or fall behind.
你要么处于领先，要么落后（P8）
either (adv) 也不（通常在否定句句末）
e.g. I don’t want the blue one and I don’t want the red one, either.
我不想要蓝色的，也不想要红色的
either (pron) （两者中）任何一个，常与of连用
e.g. There are two bikes in the room. You can ride either of them.
房间里有两辆自行车，你可以骑其中任何一辆
either (adj) （两者中）任一的，接可数名词单数
e.g. There are shops on either side of the street.
这条街的两边都有商店
either ...or... 要么...要么...，或者...或者...（并列连词）
在句子中连接同等的句子成分，连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语保持一致（就近原则）
e.g. Either you or he is wrong.
不是你错，就是他错
lead (v) 引领，带领，通向，导致 ( lead - led - led )
e.g. If you lead, I will follow.
你带路，我跟着
lead to 导致，引起，通向
e.g. Greenhouse gas could lead to climate change.
温室气体是可以引发气候变化的
e.g. All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马
lead (n) 领先地位，榜样，主角
e.g. He is playing the lead in the new play.
他在新戏中担任主角
take the lead 取得领先地位，带头
e.g. As the world’s most important central bank, the Fed must take the lead.
作为世界上最重要的中央银行，美联储必须带头
e.g. Her car has taken the lead.
她的车已经取得领先了
under the lead of 在...的领导下
e.g. The project was successfully completed under the lead of our experienced manager.
该项目在我们经验丰富经理的领导下成功完成了
fall相关词组
fall behind 落后
e.g. I don’t want my students to fall behind the times.
我不希望我的学生们落后于时代
fall off （从...）摔下，下降，衰退
e.g. You can’t fall off the horse.
你不能从马上摔下来
e.g. That old woman’s health began to fall off.
那个老妇人的健康状况开始衰退了
fall back 后退，撤退
e.g. The soldiers were ordered to fall back.
士兵们被命令撤退
【近义辨析】fall down 和 fall over
fall down 摔倒（垂直向倒下）
e.g. Laugh loudly even when you fall down.
及时跌倒了也要豪迈的笑
fall over 摔倒（绊倒或向一侧倾倒）
e.g. He fell over his own feet.
他被自己的双脚绊倒了
知识点8. I’m ready to take on new challenges any time.
我时刻准备着接受新的挑战（P8）
take on 主动承担，愿意应对
e.g. The company is taking on more projects this year.
公司今年要承接更多的项目
知识点9. Liu Hao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin.
刘浩是连接阳光镇和天津的高速铁路的总工程师（P9）
chief (adj) 主要的，首要的 (n) 首领，领袖
e.g. The chief designer has just completed a new improved model.
首席设计师刚刚完成了一个新的改良模型
e.g. He is the chief of the marketing team.
他是市场团队的负责人
connect (v) （使）连接，与...有关系
课本原文中connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin作后置定语，修饰railway
动词的现在分词（短语）作定语时，表示主动的含义，通常指动作的正在进行之中
connect...to / with... 与...相连，连接
e.g. The Suez Canal connects Africa with Asia.
苏伊士运河把非洲和亚洲连接起来
【词性拓展】
connected (adj) 连接的，相连的，有关的
e.g. The two events are closely connected.
两件事之间有着密切的联系
e.g. The library and the classroom buildings are not connected.
图书馆和教学楼不是连在一起的
connection (n) 关系，联系，连接
e.g. I’m having problems with my Internet connection.
我的互联网连接有问题
e.g. There is no connection between the development of language and memory.
语言和记忆的发展之间没有关系
知识点10. We can’t afford to make any mistakes.
我们承担不起任何的差错（P9）
afford (v) 承担得起，买得起
afford sth. 买得起，有时间做某事
e.g. My parents can’t afford a new car.
我的父母买不起一辆新车
afford to do sth. 负担得起，经得起
e.g. I can’t afford to waste any more time.
我再也浪费不起时间了
知识点11. All of us know that it’s necessary to pay attention to every detail.
我们都知道，专注于每一个细节是很必要的（P9）
attention (n) 注意，注意力
catch / attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
e.g. He sat at one of the round tables and tried to attract her attention.
他坐在其中一张圆桌旁边，想引起她的注意
pay attention to (doing) 注意（做某事）
e.g. I didn’t pay attention to what she was saying.
我没有注意她在说什么
【用法拓展】固定搭配中to作为介词，后接ing的部分形式
look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
devote…to doing sth. 把……贡献于某事
知识点12. He always works to high standards, but he’s modest and easy to work with.
他一直都以高标准工作，但同时他又很谦逊随和（P9）
work to high standards 以高标准工作
e.g. To win the competition, our team must work to high standards in every practice.
为了赢得比赛，我们团队必须在每次训练中精益求精
easy to work with 易于共事
e.g. A good leader should be both organized and easy to work with.
优秀的领导者应该既有条理又平易近人
知识点13. As a doctor, you can’t be too careful.
作为一名医生，再怎么仔细也不为过（P9）
can’t be too + adj 再...也不为过（强调必要性）
e.g. You can’t be too patient with children.
对孩子再耐心也不为过
知识点14. Carelessness will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients.
粗心不管是对我们来说还是对病人们来说都是灾难（P9）
carelessness (n) 粗心
e.g. I have been punished because of my carelessness.
我因为粗心受到了惩罚
【词性拓展】
care (n) 照顾，小心，护理 (v) 照顾，在意，喜欢
e.g. Without her care and concern, he had no chance at all.
没有她的照顾和关心，他一点机会都没有
e.g. I don’t care what he thinks.
我不在乎他想什么
careful (adj) 仔细的，小心的，谨慎的
e.g. From now on I’ll be more careful.
从今以后，我会更加细心
careless (adj) 粗心大意的，不关心的
e.g. You are energetic but sometimes careless.
虽然你精力充沛，但是偶尔粗心大意
carefully (adv) 仔细地 carelessly (adv) 粗心地
not only...but also... 不但...而且...（就近原则）
e.g. It not only saved money, but also saved time.
不仅节省了金钱，还节省了时间
e.g. Not only him, but also I am looking forward to meeting them.
不仅是他，我也很盼望着见到他们
知识点15. She has devoted most of her time to her work.
她大部分时间都投入了工作之中（P9）
devote (v) 献身，致力于，用于（介词 + to）
devote...to + doing 致力于做某事
e.g. Think about how much time you have to devote to volunteering.
考虑下你可以在志愿者行动中花多少时间
devote oneself / one’s time to doing 某人/某人的时间致力于做某事
e.g. We should try to devote ourselves to our country like Yuan Longping.
我们应该努力像袁隆平那样为祖国献身