UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK
维度一：品句填词
1.During the class debate， she （证明……有道理） her viewpoint on environmental policies with facts.
2.We must constantly adapt and （创新） to ensure success in a growing market.
3.His research is for the （改善） of mankind.
4.He’s hoping to compete in the London （马拉松赛跑）.
5.It is impossible to （计算） what influence he had on her life.
6.Do you feel that your muscles do not have the strength and （恢复力） that they should have？
7.Researchers around the world are working together to develop a new （疫苗）.
8.We already do hours of sport， including （田径运动）.
9.The p ， known for his innovative theories， inspired many young students at the science meeting.
10.She became a more confident speaker by being an active p in school debates.
维度二：词形转换
1.A computer does complicated （calculate） in a few seconds.
2.There were two （infer） to be drawn from her letter.
3.This technical （innovate） will save us much time and labour.
4.Many （biology） processes are controlled by hormones.
5.Age affects the range of a person’s （capability）.
6.A back injury prevented active （participate） in any sports for a while.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. （据估算）this trip will cost us $1，000.
2.Every student in the class （有能力） passing the exam.
3.On behalf of all the members of our station， I sincerely invite you to （参加） our talk show next week.
阅读理解
A
The Most Popular National Parks in the US
Famously called“America’s best idea”by the novelist and historian Wallace Stegner， the US National Park System offers families a wonderfully affordable way to visit America’s most popular and beautiful landscapes.
Hot Springs National Park
This national park is unique because it’s more of an urban park than a distant wilderness.Located right next to the city of Hot Springs， this is also the country’s smallest national park， covering 5，550 acres.The main attractions here are the historic bathhouses and hot springs that the park was established to protect.
Acadia National Park
This park on the Maine Coast is home to various plants and animals and the tallest mountain on the Atlantic Coast.Today visitors come to Acadia to hike rock peaks， bike historic carriage roads， or relax and enjoy the coastal scenery.
Shenandoah National Park
Occupied by settlers for at least 100 years，it covers 200，000 acres of Virginia wilderness.The 105-mile Skyline Drive traces the Blue Ridge Mountains and offers many jumping-off points to see the beauty of this park.Beyond the scenic drive， you can explore the park’s many offerings through hiking， biking， and horseback riding.
Indiana Dunes National Park
Stretching along 15 miles of Lake Michigan shoreline and covering more than 15，000 acres，this Midwestern park is ideal for relaxing on a beach，hiking the 50 miles of trails， and exploring the diverse ecosystem.The sands are the main attraction with rare plants， and various birds.The national park is free to visit.
1.What is typical of Hot Springs National Park？（ ）
A.It seems like a city park.
B.It is located in the suburb.
C.It isn’t a faraway wilderness.
D.It is the city’s largest national park.
2.What can you do in Shenandoah National Park？（ ）
A.Talk about its history with settlers.
B.Record the beauty of this park.
C.Ride a horse to explore its beauty.
D.Enjoy the park’s coastal scenery.
3.Which of the following parks can you visit free of charge？（ ）
A.Acadia National Park.
B.Hot Springs National Park.
C.Shenandoah National Park.
D.Indiana Dunes National Park.
B
It was October 2020， and the 71-year-old Bill Sumiel was dealing with kidney （肾） failure and had been on dialysis （透析） for a few years.
Sumiel was no stranger to the struggles of kidney disease. He was on the transplant list， but no matches had yet appeared. So he continued with his treatments. Sumiel usually took an Uber to and from his appointment in hospital.
Timothy Letts， 31， was driving north to visit a friend when his phone pinged with the request for Sumiel’s ride home. When Sumiel got into the car， the pair introduced each other and got to chatting.
Then Sumiel revealed that he was searching for a kidney donor. Letts joked that he’d be a good donor candidate， given that he didn’t drink or smoke. Sumiel agreed， though he didn’t think much of it as they kept driving. Letts， however， couldn’t stop thinking about it.
Letts believes in helping others， so donating a kidney “was something that was always on my mind，” he says. So， about a quarter-mile away from Sumiel’s house， Letts said，“I’d like to see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.”
“I was shocked，” Sumiel recalls. Once inside his home， he excitedly told his wife， “The Uber driver just offered me his kidney！” After the initial excitement， Sumiel started feeling a bit less optimistic. He was touched by Letts’s offer， though he wondered if it had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him？ And what was the likelihood they’d be a match？
But Letts was true to his word. He got in touch with Sumiel just a few hours later， and by the next week， Letts had contacted the kidney transplant program. After a long screening process， the results were in： Letts was an ideal donor， and he and Sumiel were a perfect match.
On 7 December， 2021， 14 months after they ended up in the same car by accident， Sumiel and Letts had their surgeries. It was a success. Today Sumiel is doing well， working full-time remotely and enjoying time with his family.
4.What can we learn about Bill Sumiel？（ ）
A.He had only one kidney.
B.He liked smoking and drinking.
C.He met Timothy Letts by chance.
D.He had taken Timothy Letts’s car before.
5.What made Timothy Letts decide to make an offer？（ ）
A.His desire to do good.
B.His personal experience.
C.His respect for Bill Sumiel.
D.His sympathy for Bill Sumiel.
6.How should we describe Bill Sumiel’s emotion change after he got home？（ ）
A.From excitement to doubt. B.From curiosity to satisfaction.
C.From confusion to excitement. D.From surprise to disappointment.
7.What would be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.A Miracle Trip Saves a Patient’s Life
B.A Perfect Match Can Be Found Easily
C.Sick Passenger Met Brave Uber Driver
D.Uber Driver Offers Passenger His Kidney
C
You’ve probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day， and as a general rule of thumb， that “more” is often defined as around 10，000 steps.With many Americans tracking their steps via new fitness-tracking wearables， or even just by carrying their phones， more and more people use the 10，000-step rule as their marker for healthy living.Dr.Greg Hager， professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins， decided to take a closer look at that 10，000-step rule， and he found that using it as a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.
“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man， when he walked 10，000 steps a day burned something like 3，000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10，000 steps as a number，” Hager said.
According to Hager， asking everyone to shoot for 10，000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions that make it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise， even if it’s walking.The bottom line is that 10，000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others.He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10，000-step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance.It seems that 10，000 steps may be suitable for the latter.
A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promote longevity （长寿）.The study included nearly 17，000 women with an average age of 72.Researchers found that women who took 4，400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years， compared to women who took 2，700 steps.Interestingly， women in the study who walked more than 7，500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.
8.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to？（ ）
A.The phone recording.
B.The 10，000-step rule.
C.The healthy living.
D.The fitness-tracking method.
9.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？（ ）
A.How many steps a Japanese walks.
B.How we calculate the amount of steps.
C.If burning 3，000 calories daily is scientific.
D.Where 10，000 steps a day came from.
10.Who will the 10，000-step rule be the most suitable for according to Hager？（ ）
A.Senior citizens.
B.Young short-legged people.
C.Healthy long-legged people.
D.Weak individuals.
11.How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each day？（ ）
A.4，400 steps. B.10，000 steps.
C.2，700 steps. D.7，500 steps.
D
Can a person even have too many friends？ After all， having friends is inherently good， for countless reasons， many of which are obvious.
And showing the world that you have lots of friends — for example on social media — seems like a winning strategy. If， that is， your goal is to expand your social network. Once people see how popular you are， they’ll want to join that popular club， perhaps in hopes that some of your popularity will rub off on them.
But in fact， a new study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology shows that having too many friends works against you. In a series of experiments， the authors show that people usually prefer to befriend people who have fewer friends than they do， not more.
Nonetheless， people consistently predict， incorrectly， that if you have more friends， people will be more likely to want to befriend you. The authors call this phenomenon the “friend-number paradox （悖论）”， which is also the title of their new paper.
Social ties are obviously important. Having more of these connections implies greater social value， and more likeability. So it seems reasonable to assume that people will focus their social energies on befriending people who have lots of friends already.
But the problem is that these social ties are only valuable if there’s reciprocity （互惠） involved. Friendship goes hand in hand with certain implied obligations and expectations. And people with lots of friends may not be able to fulfill those obligations — especially people with too many friends.
In other words， “relationship quality” matters as much， if not more， than merely the number of friends you have. Having lots of friends means your precious social resources become diluted （稀释）， making you less able to be a good friend. And other people take that into account， consciously or unconsciously， when deciding whether to befriend you. They don’t want to spend their valuable social capital on someone who’s unlikely to pay it back.
12.What is the underlined phrase “rub off on” in Paragraph 2 closest in meaning to？（ ）
A.Present a threat to.
B.Make a contribution to.
C.Leave an impression on.
D.Have a positive effect on.
13.What does the “friend-number paradox” reveal？（ ）
A.The secrets to becoming popular.
B.The ways of winning more friends.
C.The problems with having many friends.
D.The advantages of having many friends.
14.What does the author think of people with lots of friends？（ ）
A.They fail to perform their duties.
B.They don’t know about reciprocity.
C.They are more likely to be good friends.
D.They have more precious social resources.
15.What would be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.How People Choose Their Friends
B.Why People Like Having More Friends
C.More Friends Are Not Necessarily Better
D.People With More Friends Are More Popular
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK
基础知识自测
维度一
1.justified 2.innovate 3.betterment 4.marathon
5.calculate 6.resilience 7.vaccine 8.athletics
9.physicist 10.participant
维度二
1.calculations 2.inferences 3.innovation 4.biological 5.capabilities 6.participation
维度三
1.It is calculated that
2.is capable of
3.participate in
素养能力提升
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个在美国最受欢迎且适合家庭出行的国家公园。
1.A 细节理解题。根据Hot Springs National Park部分中的This national park is unique because it’s more of an urban park than a distant wilderness.可知，这个国家公园是独一无二的，因为它更像是一个城市公园而不是一个遥远的荒野。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Shenandoah National Park部分中的you can explore the park’s many offerings through hiking，biking，and horseback riding可知，在谢南多厄国家公园可以通过徒步旅行、骑自行车和骑马等方式探索公园。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Indiana Dunes National Park部分中的The national park is free to visit.可知，游览印第安纳沙丘国家公园是免费的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Bill Sumiel患有肾衰竭，一直在寻找合适的可移植肾源。一次打车时，优步共享汽车司机Timothy Letts提出将自己的肾捐给他。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一至四段可知，Bill Sumiel患有肾衰竭并在做肾透析，他与优步共享汽车司机Timothy Letts是萍水相逢。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Timothy Letts一直乐于助人，并早就考虑过给别人捐肾。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Bill Sumiel刚回到家时非常兴奋，但是很快他又开始怀疑：Timothy Letts会不会只是一时冲动？Timothy Letts会不会再和自己联系？由此可知，他的情感变化是由兴奋到怀疑。
7.D 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了患有肾衰竭的Bill Sumiel奇迹般地遇到优步共享汽车司机Timothy Letts并得到对方所捐赠的肾的故事。因此D项为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多人都认为一天一万步有益于身体健康。科学家经过研究发现，这并不一定。一万步对一些人来说太多了，而对另一些人来说太少了。
8.B 代词指代题。根据第一段中的Dr Greg Hager， professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins， decided to take a closer look at that 10，000-step rule可知，他发现将每天一万步作为一种标准可能对许多人弊大于利。
9.D 段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了每天一万步这一流行的健康标准的起源。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，将一万步作为每天的标准对老年人和患病的人来说运动量过高，可能对他们有害；且同样的距离内，腿短的人比腿长的人更容易达到一万步的目标，所以一万步对有的人来说太多，而对一些人来说太少。相对而言，一万步目标对健康的、腿长的人来说是比较合理的。
11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断，研究人员可能建议老年人为了健康每天走4，400步。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。朋友越多越好吗？一项研究发现，人们在选择朋友时，并不愿意选择那些朋友很多的人。
12.D 词义猜测题。根据上文可知，一旦人们看到你很受欢迎，他们就会想加入那个受欢迎的俱乐部；显然，他们这么做是希望从中获益，也就是受到积极的影响。因此画线短语意为“有一个积极的影响”。
13.C 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，人们普遍认为，自己朋友越多就越会吸引更多人与自己交朋友，而研究结果却恰好相反——人们更喜欢与比自己朋友少的人交朋友。这就是所谓的“朋友数量悖论”，这揭示了朋友多也有其弊端。
14.A 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，朋友交往的本质是互惠互利，而朋友太多的人往往由于自己的有限社交资源被稀释而无法去承担社交中的义务和责任，这往往会让朋友失望并留下不好的印象。
15.C 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个奇特的现象：人们更喜欢与朋友更少的人交朋友，另外，朋友太多的人往往会在社交中表现得不那么令对方满意。这些都说明朋友并非越多越好。因此C项为文章最佳标题。
6 / 6Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.做一些研究
2.对……感到惊讶
3.能够
4.也，而且
5.热身
6.在极端条件下
7.看体操比赛
8.发现
9.独自
10.感到疲劳
11.（be） involved in
12.find cures for diseases
13.do special breathing exercises
14.conduct research
15.look for ways
16.train the experiment’s participants
17.make decisions
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
Ⅰ.听教材听力9.1，回答第1至3题。
1.What do the speakers think is amazing about the human body？（ ）
A.Its ability to create and innovate.
B.Its ability to conduct medical research.
C.Its ability to jump high and run very fast.
2.What does the human mind do besides reasoning and making decisions？（ ）
A.It memorises facts.
B.It finds cures for diseases.
C.It prevents diseases by developing vaccines.
3.What do medical researchers do to prevent diseases？（ ）
A.They conduct research to find cures.
B.They develop vaccines.
C.They create and innovate.
Ⅱ.再听教材听力9.1，根据所听内容填空。
1.I’ve just been watching athletics on television.I’m at the and of the athletes.
2.That’s right.We use our minds to and as well.I really admire people who use their minds for the of mankind.
3.Yes.I do， too！ For example， medical researchers conduct research to find .
Ⅲ.听教材听力9.2，回答第1至3题。
1.What is Dr.Millhouse’s research about？（ ）
A.Human body reactions in extreme conditions.
B.Special breathing exercises to warm up the body.
C.The effects of doping on athletes.
2.What happened to the participants after doing the breathing exercises？（ ）
A.Their bodies warmed up.
B.They felt tired.
C.They became more resilient to extreme conditions.
3.What did Dr.Millhouse’s research show about athletes involved in doping？（ ）
A.They are more resilient to extreme conditions.
B.They use similar breathing exercises to control their body temperature.
C.Their bodies show similar effects to those seen in the participants.
Ⅳ.再听教材听力9.2，根据所听内容填空。
1.Yes， of course.First of all， we looked at human resilience in .We trained the experiment’s participants to do exercises and then they did them in in our lab.
2.Yes， it was.When the participants started to ， they the exercises properly.Then their body temperature started to .
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
下面对话中谈论了今年准备参加何种运动……
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
M：Will you go to any evening classes at the community centre this year， Jess？
W：Maybe.Is the badminton club running this year？I enjoyed that.
M：Yes，but it’s on Mondays now， at 6：30.
W：That’s a shame. 1 I could go，but I’ll arrive late.What’s on Tuesdays？Is it tennis club again？
M：No.That’s on Wednesdays this year.On Tuesdays it’s football.
W：Will you go？
M： 2 I’ve just read my college timetable.I have Spanish grammar classes all afternoon on Wednesday.My brain always feels really tired after those lessons，so I’ll enjoy hitting a ball hard after that！
W：Then maybe I won’t go to that！ 3 Is there anything on Thursdays？
M：Mr Brown is running his usual club again，just like last year.
W：Oh！Mr Brown’s Thursday film club！I enjoyed that. 4
M：Yes，I’m hoping to do that this year too.And on Fridays，the local singing group will be upstairs and the guitar group is downstairs.
W：Oh，yes.I tried the singing group a few years ago，but the songs were quite boring.
M：Well， 5
W：Yes！
血压太高了，该吃什么呢？
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
M： Hello.I’m looking for Mrs Reilly’s office.
W： I’m Mrs Reilly.Come right in.
M： I was at the Student Health Services yesterday.They told me that 1.
（我的血压太高了）.
W： Then I suppose 2. （你需要节食来帮助降低你的血压）.
M： That’s right.The doctor told me to see the university nutritionist about it，so here I am.He gave me this note for you.
W： Let me see.This is a list of foods 3. （你应该和不应该吃的东西）.You should say goodbye to potato chips and hamburgers！
M： Oh， no！
W： But you can have almost all fruits and vegetables.I’m writing you a special menu.
M： OK.But where do I eat？Do I have to eat at the university hospital？
W： Not at all.I will call the canteen manager.He handles all sorts of special menus.
M： 4. （如果我想去餐馆呢）？
W： Just bring this menu with you and select your food carefully.
M： Thanks a lot. 5. （这不会像我想的那么糟糕）.
capability n.（完成困难事情的）能力，才能
【教材原句】 Capabilities of the Human Body 人体的能力
【用法】
（1）the capability to do/of doing sth 做某事的能力
（2）capable adj. 有能力的；有才干的
be capable of 能够；能；敢于
（3）capably adv. 有能力地；有才干地
【佳句】 I also intend to volunteer for community service， where I can not only enhance interpersonal capability but also problem-solving skills.
我还打算参加社区服务志愿活动，在这里我不仅可以提高人际交往能力，还能增强解决问题的技巧。 （个人计划）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Considering his （capable） in dealing with all kinds of people， he was appointed chairman of the committee.
②She （capable） managed the entire project from start to finish.
③He is a student capable solving difficult maths problems.
【写美】 完成句子
④Despite his young age， he .
尽管年纪很小，他却有做饭的能力。 （人物描写）
calculate vt.计算，核算；预测，推测
【教材原句】 create， innovate， solve problems， calculate
创造，革新，解决问题，计算
【用法】
（1）be calculated to do sth 打算做某事
It’s calculated that ... 据估算……
（2）calculation n. 计算
calculator n. 计算器
【佳句】 Carefully， she calculated the total cost of the family trip to the beautiful coastal city.她仔细计算了全家人前往美丽海滨城市旅行的总费用。
It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance.据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We can’t calculate good weather for the barbecue.
②My （calculate） were based on the assumption that the prices would remain steady.
③It （calculate） that some of the world’s 7，000 languages are in danger of getting extinct.
【写美】 词汇升级
④You’ll need to work out how much time the assignment will take.
participant n.参加者，参与者
【教材原句】 We trained the experiment’s participants to do special breathing exercises ...
我们训练试验的参与者做特殊的呼吸练习……
【用法】
（1）participate vi. 参加；参与
participate in 参加
（2）participation n. 参加，参与
【佳句】 In order to increase participation in outdoor activities， our school organised an activity — climbing the Mountain Tai on 10 September.
为了提高户外活动的参与度，我们学校于9月10日组织了一项活动——攀登泰山。 （活动介绍）
【联想】 “参加”荟萃：①take part in
②join in ③compete in
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He has been an active （participate） in the discussion.
②I would greatly appreciate it if you could confirm your （participate） as soon as possible.
【写美】 完成句子
③She decided to to challenge herself and improve her skills.
她决定参加竞赛，挑战自己并提高她的技能。 （人物描写）
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK
【话题听说·勤操练】
听说课前清障
1.do some research 2.be amazed at 3.be capable of
4.as well 5.warm up 6.in extreme conditions 7.watch gymnastics competitions 8.find out 9.on one’s own 10.feel tired 11.使参与 12.找到治疗疾病的方法
13.做特殊的呼吸练习 14.进行研究 15.寻求办法
16.训练实验参与者 17.作出决定
话题听力提能
Ⅰ.1－3 CAB
Ⅱ.1.amazed； speed； strength
2.create； innovate； betterment 3.cures for diseases
Ⅲ.1－3 AAC
Ⅳ.1.hot and cold extreme climates； special breathing； extremely low temperatures
2.feel tired； stopped doing； fall again
话题表达实战
Scene One 1－5 CEABD
Scene Two
1.my blood pressure is too high
2.you need to diet to help bring your blood pressure down
3.that you should and shouldn’t eat
4.What if I want to go to a restaurant
5.This won’t be nearly as bad as I had thought
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①capability ②capably ③of ④has the capability to cook meals
2.①on ②calculations ③is calculated ④calculate
3.①participant ②participation
③participate in the competition
5 / 5(共75张PPT)
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK
1
话题听说·勤操练
目 录
2
知识要点·须拾遗
3
课时检测·提能力
话题听说·勤操练
志在强化技能
1
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1. 做一些研究
2. 对……感到惊讶
3. 能够
4. 也，而且
5. 热身
6. 在极端条件下
7. 看体操比赛
8. 发现
do some research
be amazed at
be capable of
as well
warm up
in extreme conditions
watch gymnastics competitions
find out
9. 独自
10. 感到疲劳
11. （be） involved in
12. find cures for diseases
13. do special breathing exercises
14. conduct research
15. look for ways
16. train the experiment’s participants
17. make decisions
使参与
找到治疗疾病的方法
做特殊的呼吸练习
进行研究
寻求办法
训练实验参与者
作出决定
on one’s own
feel tired
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
Ⅰ.听教材听力9.1，回答第1至3题。
1. What do the speakers think is amazing about the human body？（ ）
A. Its ability to create and innovate.
B. Its ability to conduct medical research.
C. Its ability to jump high and run very fast.
2. What does the human mind do besides reasoning and making
decisions？（ ）
A. It memorises facts.
B. It finds cures for diseases.
C. It prevents diseases by developing vaccines.
3. What do medical researchers do to prevent diseases？（ ）
A. They conduct research to find cures.
B. They develop vaccines.
C. They create and innovate.
Ⅱ.再听教材听力9.1，根据所听内容填空。
1. I’ve just been watching athletics on television.I’m at
the and of the athletes.
2. That’s right.We use our minds to and as
well.I really admire people who use their minds for the
of mankind.
3. Yes.I do， too！ For example， medical researchers conduct research
to find .
amazed
speed
strength
create
innovate
betterment
cures for diseases
Ⅲ.听教材听力9.2，回答第1至3题。
1. What is Dr.Millhouse’s research about？（ ）
A. Human body reactions in extreme conditions.
B. Special breathing exercises to warm up the body.
C. The effects of doping on athletes.
2. What happened to the participants after doing the breathing exercises？
（ ）
A. Their bodies warmed up.
B. They felt tired.
C. They became more resilient to extreme conditions.
3. What did Dr.Millhouse’s research show about athletes involved in
doping？（ ）
A. They are more resilient to extreme conditions.
B. They use similar breathing exercises to control their body temperature.
C. Their bodies show similar effects to those seen in the participants.
Ⅳ.再听教材听力9.2，根据所听内容填空。
1. Yes， of course.First of all， we looked at human resilience in
.We trained the experiment’s participants
to do exercises and then they did them
in in our lab.
2. Yes， it was.When the participants started to ，
they the exercises properly.Then their body
temperature started to .
hot
and cold extreme climates
special breathing
extremely low temperatures
feel tired
stopped doing
fall again
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
下面对话中谈论了今年准备参加何种运动……
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
M：Will you go to any evening classes at the community centre this
year， Jess？
W：Maybe.Is the badminton club running this year？I enjoyed that.
M：Yes，but it’s on Mondays now， at 6：30.
W：That’s a shame. 1 I could go，but I’ll arrive late.What’s on
Tuesdays？Is it tennis club again？
M：No.That’s on Wednesdays this year.On Tuesdays it’s football.
W：Will you go？
M： 2 I’ve just read my college timetable.I have Spanish grammar
classes all afternoon on Wednesday.My brain always feels really tired after
those lessons，so I’ll enjoy hitting a ball hard after that！
W：Then maybe I won’t go to that！ 3 Is there anything on
Thursdays？
M：Mr Brown is running his usual club again，just like last year.
W：Oh！Mr Brown’s Thursday film club！I enjoyed that. 4
M：Yes，I’m hoping to do that this year too.And on Fridays，the local
singing group will be upstairs and the guitar group is downstairs.
W：Oh，yes.I tried the singing group a few years ago，but the songs
were quite boring.
M：Well， 5
W：Yes！
A. It sounds like it will be dangerous if you’re there！
B. We had some great discussions.
C. I have to work late at the swimming pool on Mondays.
D. I guess I’ll see you on Thursday evenings then！
E. To football？No，but I might go to tennis.
F. So what will you do next？
答案：1－5 CEABD
血压太高了，该吃什么呢？
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
M： Hello.I’m looking for Mrs Reilly’s office.
W： I’m Mrs Reilly.Come right in.
M： I was at the Student Health Services yesterday.They told me that
1. （我的血压太高了）.
my blood pressure is too high
W： Then I suppose 2.
（你需要节食来帮助降低你的血压）.
M： That’s right.The doctor told me to see the university nutritionist
about it，so here I am.He gave me this note for you.
W： Let me see.This is a list of foods 3.
（你应该和不应该吃的东西）.You should say goodbye to potato
chips and hamburgers！
M： Oh， no！
you need to diet to help bring your blood
pressure down
that you should and shouldn’t
eat
W： But you can have almost all fruits and vegetables.I’m writing you a
special menu.
M： OK. But where do I eat？Do I have to eat at the university hospital？
W： Not at all.I will call the canteen manager.He handles all sorts of
special menus.
M： 4. （如果我想去餐馆
呢）？
W： Just bring this menu with you and select your food carefully.
M： Thanks a lot. 5.
（这不会像我想的那么糟糕）.
What if I want to go to a restaurant
This won’t be nearly as bad as I had thought
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
capability n.（完成困难事情的）能力，才能
【教材原句】 Capabilities of the Human Body
人体的能力
【用法】
（1）the capability to do/of doing sth 做某事的能力
（2）capable adj. 有能力的；有才干的
be capable of 能够；能；敢于
（3）capably adv. 有能力地；有才干地
【佳句】 I also intend to volunteer for community service， where I can
not only enhance interpersonal capability but also problem-solving skills.
我还打算参加社区服务志愿活动，在这里我不仅可以提高人际交往能
力，还能增强解决问题的技巧。 （个人计划）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Considering his （capable） in dealing with all kinds of
people， he was appointed chairman of the committee.
②She （capable） managed the entire project from start to
finish.
capability
capably
③He is a student capable solving difficult maths problems.
【写美】 完成句子
④Despite his young age， he .
尽管年纪很小，他却有做饭的能力。 （人物描写）
of
has the capability to cook meals
calculate vt.计算，核算；预测，推测
【教材原句】 create， innovate， solve problems， calculate
创造，革新，解决问题，计算
【用法】
（1）be calculated to do sth 打算做某事
It’s calculated that ... 据估算……
（2）calculation n. 计算
calculator n. 计算器
【佳句】 Carefully， she calculated the total cost of the family trip to
the beautiful coastal city.
她仔细计算了全家人前往美丽海滨城市旅行的总费用。
It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20
billion euros a year on maintenance.
据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧
元。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We can’t calculate good weather for the barbecue.
②My （calculate） were based on the assumption that
the prices would remain steady.
③It （calculate） that some of the world’s 7，000
languages are in danger of getting extinct.
【写美】 词汇升级
④You’ll need to work out how much time the assignment will take.
on
calculations
is calculated
calculate
participant n.参加者，参与者
【教材原句】 We trained the experiment’s participants to do special
breathing exercises ...
我们训练试验的参与者做特殊的呼吸练习……
【用法】
（1）participate vi. 参加；参与
participate in 参加
（2）participation n. 参加，参与
【佳句】 In order to increase participation in outdoor activities， our
school organised an activity — climbing the Mountain Tai on 10
September. （活动介绍）
为了提高户外活动的参与度，我们学校于9月10日组织了一项活动—
—攀登泰山。
【联想】 “参加”荟萃：①take part in ②join in
③compete in
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He has been an active （participate） in the discussion.
②I would greatly appreciate it if you could confirm your
（participate） as soon as possible.
【写美】 完成句子
③She decided to to challenge herself
and improve her skills.
她决定参加竞赛，挑战自己并提高她的技能。 （人物描写）
participant
participation
participate in the competition
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：品句填词
1. During the class debate， she （证明……有道理） her
viewpoint on environmental policies with facts.
2. We must constantly adapt and （创新） to ensure
success in a growing market.
3. His research is for the （改善） of mankind.
justified
innovate
betterment
4. He’s hoping to compete in the London （马拉松赛
跑）.
5. It is impossible to （计算） what influence he had on
her life.
6. Do you feel that your muscles do not have the strength
and （恢复力） that they should have？
7. Researchers around the world are working together to develop a
new （疫苗）.
8. We already do hours of sport， including （田径运动）.
marathon
calculate
resilience
vaccine
athletics
9. The p ， known for his innovative theories， inspired many
young students at the science meeting.
10. She became a more confident speaker by being an active p
in school debates.
hysicist
articipant
维度二：词形转换
1. A computer does complicated （calculate） in a few
seconds.
2. There were two （infer） to be drawn from her letter.
3. This technical （innovate） will save us much time and
labour.
4. Many （biology） processes are controlled by
hormones.
5. Age affects the range of a person’s （capability）.
6. A back injury prevented active （participate） in any
sports for a while.
calculations
inferences
innovation
biological
capabilities
participation
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. （据估算）this trip will cost us $1，000.
It is calculated that
2. Every student in the class （有能力） passing the
exam.
3. On behalf of all the members of our station， I sincerely invite you
to （参加） our talk show next week.
is capable of
participate in
阅读理解
A
The Most Popular National Parks in the US
Famously called“America’s best idea”by the novelist and
historian Wallace Stegner， the US National Park System offers families a
wonderfully affordable way to visit America’s most popular and beautiful
landscapes.
Hot Springs National Park
This national park is unique because it’s more of an urban park than
a distant wilderness.Located right next to the city of Hot Springs， this is
also the country’s smallest national park， covering 5，550 acres.The
main attractions here are the historic bathhouses and hot springs that the
park was established to protect.
Acadia National Park
This park on the Maine Coast is home to various plants and animals
and the tallest mountain on the Atlantic Coast.Today visitors come to
Acadia to hike rock peaks， bike historic carriage roads， or relax and
enjoy the coastal scenery.
Shenandoah National Park
Occupied by settlers for at least 100 years，it covers 200，000 acres
of Virginia wilderness.The 105-mile Skyline Drive traces the Blue Ridge
Mountains and offers many jumping-off points to see the beauty of this
park.Beyond the scenic drive， you can explore the park’s many
offerings through hiking， biking， and horseback riding.
Indiana Dunes National Park
Stretching along 15 miles of Lake Michigan shoreline and covering
more than 15，000 acres，this Midwestern park is ideal for relaxing on a
beach，hiking the 50 miles of trails， and exploring the diverse
ecosystem.The sands are the main attraction with rare plants， and
various birds.The national park is free to visit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个在美国最受欢迎且
适合家庭出行的国家公园。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个在美国最受欢迎且
适合家庭出行的国家公园。
1. What is typical of Hot Springs National Park？（ ）
A. It seems like a city park.
B. It is located in the suburb.
C. It isn’t a faraway wilderness.
D. It is the city’s largest national park.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Hot Springs National Park部分中的
This national park is unique because it’s more of an urban park than a
distant wilderness.可知，这个国家公园是独一无二的，因为它更像
是一个城市公园而不是一个遥远的荒野。
2. What can you do in Shenandoah National Park？（ ）
A. Talk about its history with settlers.
B. Record the beauty of this park.
C. Ride a horse to explore its beauty.
D. Enjoy the park’s coastal scenery.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Shenandoah National Park部分中的
you can explore the park’s many offerings through hiking，biking，
and horseback riding可知，在谢南多厄国家公园可以通过徒步旅
行、骑自行车和骑马等方式探索公园。
3. Which of the following parks can you visit free of charge？（ ）
A. Acadia National Park.
B. Hot Springs National Park.
C. Shenandoah National Park.
D. Indiana Dunes National Park.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Indiana Dunes National Park部分中
的The national park is free to visit.可知，游览印第安纳沙丘国家公
园是免费的。
B
It was October 2020， and the 71-year-old Bill Sumiel was dealing
with kidney （肾） failure and had been on dialysis （透析） for a few
years.
Sumiel was no stranger to the struggles of kidney disease. He was on
the transplant list， but no matches had yet appeared. So he continued
with his treatments. Sumiel usually took an Uber to and from his
appointment in hospital.
Timothy Letts， 31， was driving north to visit a friend when his
phone pinged with the request for Sumiel’s ride home. When Sumiel got
into the car， the pair introduced each other and got to chatting.
Then Sumiel revealed that he was searching for a kidney donor. Letts
joked that he’d be a good donor candidate， given that he didn’t drink
or smoke. Sumiel agreed， though he didn’t think much of it as they
kept driving. Letts， however， couldn’t stop thinking about it.
Letts believes in helping others， so donating a kidney “was
something that was always on my mind，” he says. So， about a
quarter-mile away from Sumiel’s house， Letts said，“I’d like to see
if I could be a match to give you a kidney.”
“I was shocked，” Sumiel recalls. Once inside his home， he
excitedly told his wife， “The Uber driver just offered me his
kidney！” After the initial excitement， Sumiel started feeling a bit less
optimistic. He was touched by Letts’s offer， though he wondered if it
had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him？ And what
was the likelihood they’d be a match？
But Letts was true to his word. He got in touch with Sumiel just a few
hours later， and by the next week， Letts had contacted the kidney
transplant program. After a long screening process， the results were in：
Letts was an ideal donor， and he and Sumiel were a perfect match.
On 7 December， 2021， 14 months after they ended up in the same
car by accident， Sumiel and Letts had their surgeries. It was a success.
Today Sumiel is doing well， working full-time remotely and enjoying
time with his family.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Bill Sumiel患有肾衰竭，一直
在寻找合适的可移植肾源。一次打车时，优步共享汽车司机Timothy
Letts提出将自己的肾捐给他。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Bill Sumiel患有肾衰竭，一直
在寻找合适的可移植肾源。一次打车时，优步共享汽车司机Timothy
Letts提出将自己的肾捐给他。
4. What can we learn about Bill Sumiel？（ ）
A. He had only one kidney.
B. He liked smoking and drinking.
C. He met Timothy Letts by chance.
D. He had taken Timothy Letts’s car before.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一至四段可知，Bill Sumiel患有
肾衰竭并在做肾透析，他与优步共享汽车司机Timothy Letts是
萍水相逢。
5. What made Timothy Letts decide to make an offer？（ ）
A. His desire to do good.
B. His personal experience.
C. His respect for Bill Sumiel.
D. His sympathy for Bill Sumiel.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Timothy Letts一
直乐于助人，并早就考虑过给别人捐肾。
6. How should we describe Bill Sumiel’s emotion change after he got
home？（ ）
A. From excitement to doubt.
B. From curiosity to satisfaction.
C. From confusion to excitement.
D. From surprise to disappointment.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Bill Sumiel刚回到家时
非常兴奋，但是很快他又开始怀疑：Timothy Letts会不会只是一时
冲动？Timothy Letts会不会再和自己联系？由此可知，他的情感变
化是由兴奋到怀疑。
7. What would be the best title for the text？（ ）
A. A Miracle Trip Saves a Patient’s Life
B. A Perfect Match Can Be Found Easily
C. Sick Passenger Met Brave Uber Driver
D. Uber Driver Offers Passenger His Kidney
解析： 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了患有肾衰
竭的Bill Sumiel奇迹般地遇到优步共享汽车司机Timothy Letts并得
到对方所捐赠的肾的故事。因此D项为文章最佳标题。
C
You’ve probably heard it suggested that you need to move more
throughout the day， and as a general rule of thumb， that “more” is
often defined as around 10，000 steps.With many Americans tracking
their steps via new fitness-tracking wearables， or even just by carrying
their phones， more and more people use the 10，000-step rule as their
marker for healthy living.Dr.Greg Hager， professor of computer science
at Johns Hopkins， decided to take a closer look at that 10，000-step
rule， and he found that using it as a standard may be doing more
harm than good for many.
“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average
Japanese man， when he walked 10，000 steps a day burned something
like 3，000 calories and that is what they thought the average person
should consume so they picked 10，000 steps as a number，” Hager
said.
According to Hager， asking everyone to shoot for 10，000 steps
each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions
that make it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise， even if
it’s walking.The bottom line is that 10，000 steps may be too many for
some and too few for others.He also noted that those with shorter legs
have an easier time hitting the 10，000-step goal because they have to take
more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance.It seems that
10，000 steps may be suitable for the latter.
A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can
help maintain good health and promote longevity （长寿）.The study
included nearly 17，000 women with an average age of 72.Researchers
found that women who took 4，400 steps per day were about 40% less
likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years， compared
to women who took 2，700 steps.Interestingly， women in the study who
walked more than 7，500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多人都认为一天一万步有益于身
体健康。科学家经过研究发现，这并不一定。一万步对一些人来说
太多了，而对另一些人来说太少了。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多人都认为一天一万步有益于身
体健康。科学家经过研究发现，这并不一定。一万步对一些人来说
太多了，而对另一些人来说太少了。
8. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to？
（ ）
A. The phone recording.
B. The 10，000-step rule.
C. The healthy living.
D. The fitness-tracking method.
解析： 代词指代题。根据第一段中的Dr Greg Hager， professor
of computer science at Johns Hopkins， decided to take a closer look at
that 10，000-step rule可知，他发现将每天一万步作为一种标准可能
对许多人弊大于利。
9. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？（ ）
A. How many steps a Japanese walks.
B. How we calculate the amount of steps.
C. If burning 3，000 calories daily is scientific.
D. Where 10，000 steps a day came from.
解析： 段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了每天一万步这一流行的
健康标准的起源。
10. Who will the 10，000-step rule be the most suitable for according to
Hager？（ ）
A. Senior citizens.
B. Young short-legged people.
C. Healthy long-legged people.
D. Weak individuals.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，将一万步作为每
天的标准对老年人和患病的人来说运动量过高，可能对他们有
害；且同样的距离内，腿短的人比腿长的人更容易达到一万步的
目标，所以一万步对有的人来说太多，而对一些人来说太少。相
对而言，一万步目标对健康的、腿长的人来说是比较合理的。
11. How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each
day？（ ）
A. 4，400 steps. B. 10，000 steps.
C. 2，700 steps. D. 7，500 steps.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断，研究人员可
能建议老年人为了健康每天走4，400步。
D
Can a person even have too many friends？ After all， having friends
is inherently good， for countless reasons， many of which are obvious.
And showing the world that you have lots of friends — for example
on social media — seems like a winning strategy. If， that is， your goal
is to expand your social network. Once people see how popular you are，
they’ll want to join that popular club， perhaps in hopes that some of
your popularity will rub off on them.
But in fact， a new study published in the Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology shows that having too many friends works against you.
In a series of experiments， the authors show that people usually prefer to
befriend people who have fewer friends than they do， not more.
Nonetheless， people consistently predict， incorrectly， that if you
have more friends， people will be more likely to want to befriend you.
The authors call this phenomenon the “friend-number paradox （悖
论）”， which is also the title of their new paper.
Social ties are obviously important. Having more of these
connections implies greater social value， and more likeability. So it
seems reasonable to assume that people will focus their social energies on
befriending people who have lots of friends already.
But the problem is that these social ties are only valuable if there’s
reciprocity （互惠） involved. Friendship goes hand in hand with certain
implied obligations and expectations. And people with lots of friends may
not be able to fulfill those obligations — especially people with too many
friends.
In other words， “relationship quality” matters as much， if not
more， than merely the number of friends you have. Having lots of
friends means your precious social resources become diluted （稀释），
making you less able to be a good friend. And other people take that into
account， consciously or unconsciously， when deciding whether to
befriend you. They don’t want to spend their valuable social capital on
someone who’s unlikely to pay it back.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。朋友越多越好吗？一项研究发现，
人们在选择朋友时，并不愿意选择那些朋友很多的人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。朋友越多越好吗？一项研究发现，
人们在选择朋友时，并不愿意选择那些朋友很多的人。
12. What is the underlined phrase “rub off on” in Paragraph 2 closest in
meaning to？（ ）
A. Present a threat to.
B. Make a contribution to.
C. Leave an impression on.
D. Have a positive effect on.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据上文可知，一旦人们看到你很受欢
迎，他们就会想加入那个受欢迎的俱乐部；显然，他们这么做是
希望从中获益，也就是受到积极的影响。因此画线短语意为“有
一个积极的影响”。
13. What does the “friend-number paradox” reveal？（ ）
A. The secrets to becoming popular.
B. The ways of winning more friends.
C. The problems with having many friends.
D. The advantages of having many friends.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，人们普遍认为，
自己朋友越多就越会吸引更多人与自己交朋友，而研究结果却恰
好相反——人们更喜欢与比自己朋友少的人交朋友。这就是所谓
的“朋友数量悖论”，这揭示了朋友多也有其弊端。
14. What does the author think of people with lots of friends？（ ）
A. They fail to perform their duties.
B. They don’t know about reciprocity.
C. They are more likely to be good friends.
D. They have more precious social resources.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，朋友交
往的本质是互惠互利，而朋友太多的人往往由于自己的有限社交
资源被稀释而无法去承担社交中的义务和责任，这往往会让朋友
失望并留下不好的印象。
15. What would be the best title for the text？（ ）
A. How People Choose Their Friends
B. Why People Like Having More Friends
C. More Friends Are Not Necessarily Better
D. People With More Friends Are More Popular
解析： 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个奇
特的现象：人们更喜欢与朋友更少的人交朋友，另外，朋友太多
的人往往会在社交中表现得不那么令对方满意。这些都说明朋友
并非越多越好。因此C项为文章最佳标题。
谢谢观看！
