Section Ⅳ LESSON 2 BRAIN POWER
维度一：品句填词
1.He ate at least 5 meals a day including much （垃圾食品）.
2.Unable to resist the （冲动）， he glanced at the sea again.
3.It’s only a c puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.
4.Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food i more accurately.
维度二：词形转换
1.Put a small amount of the powder into a （contain） and mix with water.
2.The first thing he looked at was his office’s （locate）.
3.Tom stood up （nerve） as the men came into the room.
4.Most supermarkets sell a range of （organ）products.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.Girls （占……） 56% of the students in the school.
2.He took a deep breath， trying to （克制自己）.
3.The medical team （由……组成） twenty doctors and fifty nurses.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A new report from the UK says that more than 1 in 5 teens there spend five hours or more per day on social media. And the heavier users of social media get to bed later and get poorer quality sleep. The new study was based on self-reported survey data from nearly 12，000 teenage participants in the UK Millennium Cohort Study.
Megan Moreno， a researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison， says that social media is too often described as either entirely good or bad， when the reality is more complicated for teens. “Social media may have its problems， but it is the way that they stay in touch with each other，” she says.
Perhaps unsurprisingly， the study found a link between high social media usage and poor sleep patterns. Specifically， teens who report heavier social media use go to sleep later. And， the study authors note， late bedtimes are linked with poorer academic and mental health outcomes.
Holly Scott， a researcher at the University of Glasgow， isn’t sounding the alarm. She says，“It’s easy to look at the results of this and think，‘We should just get teenagers to spend less time on social media.’ I think that’s an understandable response， but what I really encourage people to do is look beyond that.” She says people should pay attention to the “important emotional and social factors” at play when teenagers are using social media.
Scott emphasizes that the study is pointing to a correlation between social media and poor sleep， but not necessarily demonstrating cause and effect.
“Certainly some teens do say that they struggle to get rid of social media at night — they might be worried about missing out on things， or affecting their friends by not answering messages — and they stay up late from that，” she says. “But maybe for some of those young people they have a naturally later body clock， and are passing their free time at night on social media until they’re ready to fall asleep.”
1.What’s the purpose of the new study in the UK？（ ）
A.To find the benefits of using social media.
B.To know the effects of using social media.
C.To know teenagers’ habits of using social media.
D.To prove the growing popularity of social media.
2.What does Holly Scott encourage people to do？（ ）
A.Make better use of social media.
B.Spend less time on social media.
C.Study how social media influences teens.
D.Understand why teens like using social media.
3.What does Holly Scott think of social media’s causing poor sleep？（ ）
A.It’s interesting. B.It’s impossible.
C.It lacks evidence. D.It’s beyond doubt.
B
“Getting your eight hours” is one of those suggestions， like drinking plenty of water or not to swim in canals， that most people take at face value.
When former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was reported to need only five hours’ sleep a night， it was taken as evidence of a near-supernaturally tough body.
And it’s become an increasingly common view that too much work and stress and missing out on our eight hours is the modern disaster.
“But the good news，” says Prof Jim Horne， director of Loughborough University’s Sleep Research Centre， “is that we don’t need eight hours at all.”
“It’s nonsense. It’s like saying everybody should have size eight shoes， or be five foot eight inches. There is a normal distribution — the average sleep length is seven， seven and a quarter hours.”
Lots of people report having more or less than the average， he said. It may all be down to genes， and what people are accustomed to.
The US National Sleep Foundation suggests seven to nine hours a night is advisable for adults， and a survey it conducted in 2002 suggested three-quarters of Americans had problems sleeping and a third were so sleepy during the day their activities were affected.
The foundation says：“In the past century， we have reduced our average time in sleep. Though our society has changed， our brains and bodies have not. Sleep deprivation （缺乏） is affecting us all and we are paying the price.”
But Prof Horne says：“The test of insufficient （不足的） sleep is whether you are sleepy in the day or if you remain alert through most of the day.”
In a nutshell， if you sleep for eight hours a night go to work and find yourself tired on the keyboard， you aren’t getting enough. If you’re sleeping five hours and running the country， you probably are getting enough.
4.According to Prof Jim Horne， .（ ）
A.the average sleep length is too long
B.we should sleep at least seven hours
C.we should sleep no more than nine hours
D.different people need different sleep hours
5.What’s the US National Sleep Foundation’s attitude towards people’s sleep deprivation？（ ）
A.Greatly concerned. B.Greatly doubtful.
C.A little surprised. D.A little confused.
6.What should be used to judge whether we lack sleep or not according to Prof Jim Horne？（ ）
A.Our average sleep length.
B.Our physical and mental state.
C.Our total number of sleep hours.
D.Our performance at school and work.
7.What does the last paragraph intend to tell us？（ ）
A.The number of sleep hours alone doesn’t make sense.
B.Long hours’ sleep can’t guarantee your good performance.
C.Short hours’ sleep doesn’t necessarily affect your work.
D.Sleep hours don’t make much difference to your performance.
C
A famous fake copy of the Mona Lisa， so similar to Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece that some experts questioned whether the real copy was hanging in the Louvre， was purchased Friday for $3.4 million.
The winner of the online auction （拍卖）， a European collector， agreed to pay $3.4 million （￡2.9 million）， 10 to 15 times more than the auction house had estimated and the most ever paid for a fake Mona Lisa， Christie’s said.
“The record-setting price demonstrates the ongoing charm the Mona Lisa still has centuries after her creation，” said Pierre Etienne， a Christie’s specialist in Old Master paintings， in a statement.
The painting is named after Raymond Hekking， an antique （文物） seller in France who bought the painting from an antique store in 1953 for ￡3 — about ￡86， or $110， in 2020 — according to Christie’s.Hekking believed his painting was the original， and that a fake painting was returned to the Louvre after the original was stolen in 1914.While some art historians seriously considered Hekking’s arguments at the time， experts now believe it was painted by an unknown Italian artist in the 1600s， about a century after Da Vinci painted the real Mona Lisa.
In other Mona Lisa news， an online petition， “We want Jeff Bezos to buy and eat the Mona Lisa，” has gathered more than 9，000 signatures as of Friday.If Bezos obliged， his bid may break the world record for most expensive artwork， set when another Da Vinci painting， Salvator Mundi， sold in 2016 for $450 million at Christie’s in New York.
Mr Bezos， the Amazon founder， has a net worth upward of $200 billion.In 1962， according to Guinness World Records， the Mona Lisa was assessed at $100 million.In today’s dollars， that would roughly translate to over $850 million.Though Mr Bezos could theoretically afford it， the Mona Lisa isn’t for sale， and France likely wouldn’t be willing to give it up.
8.What was the auction house’s estimated price of the fake Mona Lisa？（ ）
A.No more than $200，000.
B.No more than $300，000.
C.No less than $300，000.
D.No less than $400，000.
9.What was Pierre Etienne’s attitude to the painting’s getting a record-setting price？（ ）
A.Positive. B.Skeptical.
C.Confused. D.Ambiguous.
10.What do we learn about the fake Mona Lisa？（ ）
A.It was stolen from the Louvre.
B.Hekking got it from an auction.
C.The winner collector didn’t know it was fake.
D.It was hard to distinguish between true and false.
11.What does the author think of selling Mona Lisa to Mr Bezos？（ ）
A.It wasn’t difficult.
B.It won’t happen indeed.
C.It was a brilliant idea.
D.It was a crazy thought.
D
There seems to be a lot of misunderstanding about artificial intelligence.Many people are worried that AI and robots are going to take all of our jobs.Now， we need to understand the answer to a simple question： What is AI？
The starting point is easy.Simply put， artificial intelligence is a field of computer science.Its goal is to enable the computers or robots to do things normally done by people.
If we start with this definition， any program can be considered AI if it does something that we would normally think of as intelligent in humans.That is， it is AI if it is smart， but it doesn’t have to be smart like us.
It turns out that people have very different goals on building AI systems.For some， the goal is to build systems that think exactly the same way that people do.Others just want to get the job done and don’t care if the computation has anything to do with human thought.And some are in-between， using human reasoning （推理） as a model that can inform and inspire but not as the final goal for imitation.
The work aimed at improving human reasoning can be called “strong AI” in that any result can be used to not only build systems that think but also to explain how humans think as well.
The work in the second camp， aimed at just getting systems to work， is usually called “weak AI” in that while we might be able to build systems that can behave like humans， the results will tell us nothing about how humans think.One of the examples of this is IBM’s Deep Blue， a system that was a master chess player， but certainly did not play in the same way that humans do.
Somewhere in the middle of strong and weak AI is a third camp （the “in-between”）： systems that are informed or inspired by human reasoning.This tends to be where most of the more powerful work is happening today.These systems use human reasoning as a guide， but they are not driven by the goal to perfectly model it.
12.How many kinds of AI are mentioned in the passage？（ ）
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
13.What’s the main difference between strong AI and weak AI？（ ）
A.Whether the systems can think.
B.Whether the systems do things like humans.
C.Whether the systems know how humans think.
D.Whether the systems are inspired by human reasoning.
14.What do we learn about IBM’s Deep Blue？（ ）
A.It is a kind of weak AI.
B.It is a kind of strong AI.
C.It can play chess like a human.
D.It doesn’t have human thinking.
15.What’s the purpose of the passage？（ ）
A.To explain what AI is.
B.To tell us how AI works.
C.To tell us what AI can do.
D.To explain why we need AI.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Abraham Lincoln once said， “When I do good， I feel good； when I do bad， I feel bad. And that’s my religion.” 16.（ ）
Helping and being kind not only contributes to the happiness of others， it can also help us to feel happier ourselves！ Studies have shown that when we do kind things， it can literally give our brain a boost， activating its “reward centres” and that feels good. 17.（ ）
Giving and kindness also help us feel connected to others， which is important for our wellbeing and contributes to building stronger communities and a happier society for everyone.
18.（ ） From small acts like a friendly smile， a few kind words， helping with bags， or offering up our seat， through to regular volunteering — there are lots of different ways we can give or be kind. We can of course donate money to good causes if we are able to and we can give in lots of non-financial ways too， such as giving a moment of attention， some of our time， knowledge， ideas， energy or support.
19.（ ） These include： experiencing more positive emotions and satisfaction with life， increasing our sense of meaning， and boosting our self-confidence. It can reduce stress and help us feel calmer too. Some studies have found that people who volunteered regularly were found to experience fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Giving and being kind can help us feel more connected to others and contribute to improving our relationships — and that’s good for wellbeing all round！ Our acts of kindness might be for family， friends， colleagues， or neighbours or even strangers. 20.（ ） It could be a one-off spontaneous （自发的） gesture or something we do regularly. There are always ways to be kind.
A.Every act of kindness counts.
B.Happier people tend to help others more.
C.It can take our minds off our own worries too.
D.They could be old or young， nearby or far away.
E.If you want to feel good， doing good is a great place to start.
F.We all can make a difference to something bigger， beyond ourselves.
G.Scientific studies show that helping others can contribute to our happiness in different ways.
Section Ⅳ LESSON 2 BRAIN POWER
基础知识自测
维度一
1.junk food 2.impulse 3.crossword 4.intake
维度二
1.container 2.location 3.nervously 4.organic
维度三
1.make up
2.contain himself
3.consists of
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国一项最新研究发现，使用社交媒体会导致青少年睡眠质量的下降。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一、三两段可知，英国这项最新研究所揭示的是使用社交媒体对青少年带来的不良影响，包括睡眠差、成绩差及心理健康问题等。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Holly Scott鼓励人们去关注青少年使用社交媒体背后的情感及社会因素。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，Holly Scott认为，使用社交媒体与睡眠差之间不一定存在因果关系，也许是其他原因导致睡眠质量下降。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。关于睡眠，最广为流传的说法是我们每天需要八小时的睡眠。真的是这样吗？
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段Jim Horne教授的讲话可知，要求人们每天睡眠八小时，就像是要求所有人都穿八号鞋一样荒唐。
5.A 观点态度题。根据第八段可知，美国国家睡眠基金会认为，目前睡眠缺乏的问题影响着我们所有的人，我们正在为之付出代价。由此判断，它对此现象是极度关切和担忧的。
6.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，Jim Horne教授认为，判断我们是否睡眠缺乏，主要看我们第二天的身体和精神状态。
7.A 段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，如果你睡八小时，但第二天上班疲倦，那么你睡眠不足；如果你只睡五小时，但是你第二天非常精神，那么你睡眠充足。综上所述，最后一段想要告诉我们单纯看睡眠时间长短是无意义的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一幅莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的名画《蒙娜丽莎》的复制品，在法国巴黎佳士得拍卖行以340万美元这一创纪录的价格拍出。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这幅《蒙娜丽莎》的复制品拍得340万美元，比拍卖行的估价高出了10到15倍。这说明拍卖行的估价大约是20到30万美元。
9.A 观点态度题。根据第三段可知，Pierre Etienne认为，《蒙娜丽莎》的复制品能被高价拍卖，说明历经几个世纪，《蒙娜丽莎》的魅力依然不减。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Raymond Hekking坚持认为自己拥有的《蒙娜丽莎》是真迹，卢浮宫的是赝品；而这一说法当时被很多艺术家和历史学家认真考虑。
11.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，Bezos购买此画理论上是可以的，但是法国人是不会将此国宝卖掉的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人工智能是时下的一个热点话题，可是，究竟什么是人工智能呢？本文对其做了简要说明。
12.B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，本文提到了三种人工智能：强人工智能，弱人工智能，以及介于两者之间的人工智能。
13.C 细节理解题。根据第五、六段内容可知，强人工智能与弱人工智能的主要区别在于是否懂得人类如何思考。
14.D 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句可知，IBM公司的Deep Blue是下棋高手，但是它不同于人下棋的方式。
15.A 写作意图题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了什么是人工智能，并对其进行了分类。故A项能概括文章主旨。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者建议我们去多帮助别人，因为帮助别人不但可以让他人快乐，也可以带给我们自己快乐。
16.E 上句作者引用了林肯的一句名言，E项中的feel good， doing good正好重复了林肯名言中的关键词，是承接前面名言的进一步阐述。
17.C 根据上文可知，本段主要说明帮助他人所带来的好处，因此C项（助人也可以帮助我们忘记自己的烦恼）符合语境。
18.A 根据下文可知，本段主要说明我们应该如何去帮助他人，尤其提到一些生活中的点滴小事，因此A项正好概括本段主旨。
19.G 下文由These include引起，具体说明帮助他人是如何提升我们的幸福感的。因此G项符合语境。
20.D 上文提到了一些复数名词：friends、 colleagues、 neighbours和strangers，D项中的They正好指代这些复数名词，符合语境。
5 / 6Section Ⅳ LESSON 2 BRAIN POWER
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.组成神经细胞
2.由……组成
3.对……负责；是……的原因
4.与……相联系
5.对……有益
6.crossword puzzles
7.send messages
8.turn to
9.used to
10.keep our brain active
11.be good at
12.at one’s best
13.cut down on
14.take you outside your comfort zone
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
Ⅰ.听教材听力9.3，回答第1至3题。
1.How much does the human brain weigh on average？（ ）
A.Less than a kilo.
B.Just over a kilo.
C.More than two kilos.
2.How does the brain send messages？（ ）
A.By releasing hormones.
B.By using electrical impulses.
C.Through sound waves.
3.What is one difference between the areas responsible for your first language and a foreign language？（ ）
A.They are in the same area of the brain.
B.There is no difference between the areas.
C.They are in separate areas of the brain.
Ⅱ.再听教材听力9.3，根据所听内容填空。
1.Right， the topic of today’s lecture is “The Brain”.Well， the brain is an .It consists of matter.
2.Just think about that again.There are in your brain than there are in the universe. ， isn’t it？ Makes a normal computer look simple， doesn’t it？
3.So， what do we know about called “the brain”？ Scientists who study the brain have learnt a lot about it .Like explorers exploring the world， they’ve found that there are areas in the brain and these areas are responsible for different .We now know which parts of the brain are related to different parts of our from them.A good example of this can be seen in people who have lost in an accident.Though they don’t have an arm or a leg， they can still have from it， like pain.Incredible， isn’t it？
Ⅲ.听教材听力9.4，回答第1至4题。
1.What does Professor Kim suggest to improve one’s memory？（ ）
A.Just doing crossword puzzles and quizzes.
B.Trying new and challenging activities.
C.Only learning a new language.
2.What type of exercise does Professor Kim suggest for improving brain health？（ ）
A.Only doing weightlifting.
B.Practicing yoga.
C.Engaging in exercise that is good for the heart.
3.Which food sources does Professor Kim mention for obtaining Omega-3 fats？（ ）
A.Oily fish and eggs.
B.Avocado and almonds.
C.Red meat and cheese.
4.What is the main focus of the discussion on Healthy Living？（ ）
A.Different types of diets.
B.Improving brain health through various means.
C.Physical exercise routines.
Ⅳ.再听教材听力9.4，根据所听内容填空。
1.Good morning and welcome to .This morning we’re here to discuss the brain.This is Professor Kim， .Welcome， Professor.
2.Oh hi， good morning.Yes， I’ve noticed that my isn’t as good as it used to be， and I’ve read about brain exercises — you know， ， games， quizzes， that kind of thing.But do they really ？ Should I ？
3.You could try learning ， learning to dance or ...anything that takes you outside your .
4.Oh， hi.I’ve got some big exams coming up ， and I was just wondering if there are that are good for the brain.What do you suggest？
5.Oh， hello.My question is about exercise.Is there any particular kind of exercise that can improve ？ What should I do？
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
Tracy的弟弟在交通事故中大脑严重受伤，可能会成为植物人……
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
W： Tracy looks very sad these days. 1
M： Her brother was badly injured in a traffic accident and he may become a vegetable.
W： A vegetable？ 2
M： That means he is alive but he can neither move nor speak， just like a vegetable.
W： 3
M： The doctor said there was still hope of his recovery. And technology is developing so fast that even a vegetable can communicate with others.
W： Really？
M： Yeah. I’ve heard of a soldier in Germany who became a vegetable 20 years ago. But recently his brain returned to normal， although he cannot control his body freely.
W： How can he communicate with others？ Can he talk like us？
M： No， with some instruments， like computers.
W： Oh， I see. 4
M： So he is.
W： 5 I want to tell her the story so she can hope that her brother may have the same luck one day.
M： That’s what I have in mind.
下面对话谈论了在大学里可以参加的一些社团……
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
W：Cary，you know，1. （在大学的体育馆里有一个大型活动）.All the clubs have arrived there.You can see what clubs there are，and sign up for them.
M：Oh，Rebecca.I’m not really that sporty.
W：It’s not just sports clubs.There are lots of clubs，like the International Club — my friend Lisa is the president of that，and the Movie Club，and more.
M：So 2. （那你打算报名参加什么）？
W：Well，it’s a pity there isn’t a Swimming Club，but I’m definitely going to join the Tennis Club.
M：That sounds good.
W：I’ll probably join the Volleyball Club，3. （因为我是学校排球队的队长）. I don’t know whether I want to join the orchestra or not.I was in the orchestra at school，but I really feel like a change now.I might join the Drama Club instead.And I think I’ll join the French Club so I can practice my spoken French.What about you？
M：I haven’t thought about it.
W：Well，4. （你在业余时间做什么）？
M：I play board games a lot.If there’s a Chess Club，I might join that.
W：Well，there’s a Gaming Club，but aren’t you going to try something new？
M：I don’t know.I also like hiking ...
W：There’s a club called the Hill Walking Club，but I think you should join the Adventure Club.They explore caves and go rock climbing.I think 5. （你会发现这很令人兴奋）.
M：Maybe I’ll try it.
contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；容忍；控制
【教材原句】 It uses twenty percent of the body’s energy and it contains over one hundred billion cells.
它使用人体20%的能量，并且它包含超过1，000亿个细胞。
【用法】
（1）contain oneself with ... 用……控制自己
contain oneself 自制；忍耐
（2）container n. 容器
【佳句】 Little Tom felt the bag， curious to know what items it contained.
小汤姆摸着包，急于知道里面有什么物品。 （心理描写）
【点津】 contain指包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分；include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构。
【练透】 选词填空（contain，include）
①The package a number of letters in great disorder.
②I’m on a diet. I have to avoid food fat and sugar.
③The group consists of nine members， three girls .
④We went to the party， my father and mother.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤I was so angry that .
我太生气了，以至于无法控制我自己。
locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
【教材原句】 But even more interesting than locating different areas of the brain is ...
但比定位大脑不同区域更有趣的是……
【用法】
（1）located adj. 位于
be located in/on/at 位于，坐落于
（2）location n. 位置
【佳句】 The museum is located in a park surrounded by a number of beautiful buildings.
博物馆坐落在一个公园里，这个公园被许多漂亮的建筑物包围着。 （景点介绍）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Is the Oriental Pearl Tower located the center of Shanghai？
②What is the exact （locate） of the business ship？
【写美】 词汇升级
③The heart is situated roughly in the center of the chest cavity.
Section Ⅳ LESSON 2 BRAIN POWER
【话题听说·勤操练】
听说课前清障
1.make up nerve cells 2.consist of 3.be responsible for
4.be related to 5.be good for 6.纵横填字游戏
7.传递信息 8.转向 9.过去常常 10.保持我们的头脑活跃 11.擅长 12.处在最佳状态 13.削减，缩小
14.带你走出舒适区
话题听力提能
Ⅰ.1－3 BBC
Ⅱ.1.absolutely amazing organ； grey and white
2.more possible connections； atoms； Amazing
3.this organ； in the last ten years； different； functions； body and feelings； an arm or a leg； feelings
Ⅲ.1－4 BCAB
Ⅳ.1.Healthy Living； a brain expert
2.memory； crossword puzzles； work； try them
3.a new language； learning to paint； comfort zone
4.next month； certain foods
5.physical； the health of my brain
话题表达实战
Scene One 1－5 EADBC
Scene Two
1.there’s a big event in the university sports hall
2.what are you going to sign up for then
3.because I was the captain of the volleyball team at school
4.what do you do in your spare time
5.you’d find it really exciting
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①contains ②containing ③included ④including
⑤I couldn’t contain myself
2.①in/on/at ②location ③located
4 / 5(共75张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
LESSON 2 BRAIN POWER
1
话题听说·勤操练
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
话题听说·勤操练
志在强化技能
1
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1. 组成神经细胞
2. 由……组成
3. 对……负责；是……的原因
4. 与……相联系
5. 对……有益
6. crossword puzzles
7. send messages
make up nerve cells
consist of
be responsible for
be related to
be good for
纵横填字游戏
传递信息
8. turn to
9. used to
10. keep our brain active
11. be good at
12. at one’s best
13. cut down on
14. take you outside your comfort zone
擅长
处在最佳状态
削减，缩小
带你走出舒适区
转向
过去常常
保持我们的头脑活跃
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
Ⅰ.听教材听力9.3，回答第1至3题。
1. How much does the human brain weigh on average？（ ）
A. Less than a kilo.
B. Just over a kilo.
C. More than two kilos.
2. How does the brain send messages？（ ）
A. By releasing hormones.
B. By using electrical impulses.
C. Through sound waves.
3. What is one difference between the areas responsible for your first
language and a foreign language？（ ）
A. They are in the same area of the brain.
B. There is no difference between the areas.
C. They are in separate areas of the brain.
Ⅱ.再听教材听力9.3，根据所听内容填空。
1. Right， the topic of today’s lecture is “The Brain”.Well， the
brain is an .It consists of
matter.
2. Just think about that again.There are in
your brain than there are in the universe. ，
isn’t it？ Makes a normal computer look simple， doesn’t it？
absolutely amazing organ
grey and
white
more possible connections
atoms
Amazing
3. So， what do we know about called “the brain”？
Scientists who study the brain have learnt a lot about it
.Like explorers exploring the world， they’ve found that
there are areas in the brain and these areas are responsible
for different .We now know which parts of the brain are
related to different parts of our from them.A
good example of this can be seen in people who have lost
in an accident.Though they don’t have an arm or a leg， they
can still have from it， like pain.Incredible， isn’t it？
this organ
in the last ten
years
different
functions
body and feelings
an arm or a
leg
feelings
Ⅲ.听教材听力9.4，回答第1至4题。
1. What does Professor Kim suggest to improve one’s memory？
（ ）
A. Just doing crossword puzzles and quizzes.
B. Trying new and challenging activities.
C. Only learning a new language.
2. What type of exercise does Professor Kim suggest for improving brain
health？（ ）
A. Only doing weightlifting.
B. Practicing yoga.
C. Engaging in exercise that is good for the heart.
3. Which food sources does Professor Kim mention for obtaining Omega-
3 fats？（ ）
A. Oily fish and eggs.
B. Avocado and almonds.
C. Red meat and cheese.
4. What is the main focus of the discussion on Healthy Living？（ ）
A. Different types of diets.
B. Improving brain health through various means.
C. Physical exercise routines.
Ⅳ.再听教材听力9.4，根据所听内容填空。
1. Good morning and welcome to .This morning
we’re here to discuss the brain.This is Professor Kim，
.Welcome， Professor.
2. Oh hi， good morning.Yes， I’ve noticed that my
isn’t as good as it used to be， and I’ve read about brain
exercises — you know， ， games， quizzes，
that kind of thing.But do they really ？ Should I
？
Healthy Living
a brain
expert
memory
crossword puzzles
work
try
them
3. You could try learning ， learning to dance
or ...anything that takes you outside
your .
4. Oh， hi.I’ve got some big exams coming up ， and I
was just wondering if there are that are good for the
brain.What do you suggest？
5. Oh， hello.My question is about exercise.Is there any
particular kind of exercise that can improve
？ What should I do？
a new language
learning to paint
comfort zone
next month
certain foods
physical
the health of my
brain
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
Tracy的弟弟在交通事故中大脑严重受伤，可能会成为
植物人……
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
W： Tracy looks very sad these days. 1
M： Her brother was badly injured in a traffic accident and he may
become a vegetable.
W： A vegetable？ 2
M： That means he is alive but he can neither move nor speak， just like a
vegetable.
W： 3
M： The doctor said there was still hope of his recovery. And technology
is developing so fast that even a vegetable can communicate with others.
W： Really？
M： Yeah. I’ve heard of a soldier in Germany who became a vegetable
20 years ago. But recently his brain returned to normal， although he
cannot control his body freely.
W： How can he communicate with others？ Can he talk like us？
M： No， with some instruments， like computers.
W： Oh， I see. 4
M： So he is.
W： 5 I want to tell her the story so she can hope that her brother may
have the same luck one day.
M： That’s what I have in mind.
答案：1－5 EADBC
A. What does that mean？
B. He is really a lucky dog.
C. So I will go and visit Tracy.
D. Oh， I’m sorry to hear that.
E. Do you know why？
F. What can I do？
下面对话谈论了在大学里可以参加的一些社团……
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
W：Cary，you know，1.
（在大学的体育馆里有一个大型活动）.All the clubs have
arrived there.You can see what clubs there are，and sign up for them.
M：Oh，Rebecca.I’m not really that sporty.
there’s a big event in the university sports
hall
W：It’s not just sports clubs.There are lots of clubs，like the
International Club — my friend Lisa is the president of that，and the
Movie Club，and more.
M：So 2. （那你打算报名参
加什么）？
W：Well，it’s a pity there isn’t a Swimming Club，but I’m
definitely going to join the Tennis Club.
M：That sounds good.
what are you going to sign up for then
W：I’ll probably join the Volleyball Club，3.
（因为我是学校排球队的队
长）. I don’t know whether I want to join the orchestra or not.I was in
the orchestra at school，but I really feel like a change now.I might join
the Drama Club instead.And I think I’ll join the French Club so I can
practice my spoken French.What about you？
M：I haven’t thought about it.
W：Well，4. （你在业余时间做
什么）？
because I was the
captain of the volleyball team at school
what do you do in your spare time
M：I play board games a lot.If there’s a Chess Club，I might join that.
W：Well，there’s a Gaming Club，but aren’t you going to try
something new？
M：I don’t know.I also like hiking ...
W：There’s a club called the Hill Walking Club，but I think you should
join the Adventure Club.They explore caves and go rock climbing.I think
5. （你会发现这很令人兴奋）.
M：Maybe I’ll try it.
you’d find it really exciting
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；容忍；控制
【教材原句】 It uses twenty percent of the body’s energy and it
contains over one hundred billion cells.
它使用人体20%的能量，并且它包含超过1，000亿个细胞。
【用法】
（1）contain oneself with ... 用……控制自己
contain oneself 自制；忍耐
（2）container n. 容器
【佳句】 Little Tom felt the bag， curious to know what items it
contained.
小汤姆摸着包，急于知道里面有什么物品。 （心理描写）
【点津】 contain指包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分；include指
作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，常使用“including＋被包括部
分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构。
【练透】 选词填空（contain，include）
①The package a number of letters in great disorder.
②I’m on a diet. I have to avoid food fat and sugar.
③The group consists of nine members， three girls .
④We went to the party， my father and mother.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤I was so angry that .
我太生气了，以至于无法控制我自己。
contains
containing
included
including
I couldn’t contain myself
locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
【教材原句】 But even more interesting than locating different areas of
the brain is ...
但比定位大脑不同区域更有趣的是……
【用法】
（1）located adj. 位于
be located in/on/at 位于，坐落于
（2）location n. 位置
【佳句】 The museum is located in a park surrounded by a number of
beautiful buildings.
博物馆坐落在一个公园里，这个公园被许多漂亮的建筑物包围着。
（景点介绍）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Is the Oriental Pearl Tower located the center of
Shanghai？
②What is the exact （locate） of the business ship？
in/on/at
location
【写美】 词汇升级
③The heart is situated roughly in the center of the chest cavity.
located
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：品句填词
1. He ate at least 5 meals a day including much （垃圾食
品）.
2. Unable to resist the （冲动）， he glanced at the sea
again.
3. It’s only a c puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.
junk food
impulse
rossword
4. Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food i more
accurately.
ntake
维度二：词形转换
1. Put a small amount of the powder into a （contain） and
mix with water.
2. The first thing he looked at was his office’s （locate）.
3. Tom stood up （nerve） as the men came into the
room.
4. Most supermarkets sell a range of （organ）products.
container
location
nervously
organic
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Girls （占……） 56% of the students in the school.
2. He took a deep breath， trying to （克制自己）.
3. The medical team （由……组成） twenty doctors and
fifty nurses.
make up
contain himself
consists of
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A new report from the UK says that more than 1 in 5 teens there spend
five hours or more per day on social media. And the heavier users of social
media get to bed later and get poorer quality sleep. The new study was
based on self-reported survey data from nearly 12，000 teenage
participants in the UK Millennium Cohort Study.
Megan Moreno， a researcher at the University of Wisconsin-
Madison， says that social media is too often described as either entirely
good or bad， when the reality is more complicated for teens. “Social
media may have its problems， but it is the way that they stay in touch
with each other，” she says.
Perhaps unsurprisingly， the study found a link between high social
media usage and poor sleep patterns. Specifically， teens who report
heavier social media use go to sleep later. And， the study authors note，
late bedtimes are linked with poorer academic and mental health
outcomes.
Holly Scott， a researcher at the University of Glasgow， isn’t
sounding the alarm. She says，“It’s easy to look at the results of this
and think，‘We should just get teenagers to spend less time on social
media.’ I think that’s an understandable response， but what I really
encourage people to do is look beyond that.” She says people should pay
attention to the “important emotional and social factors” at play when
teenagers are using social media.
Scott emphasizes that the study is pointing to a correlation between
social media and poor sleep， but not necessarily demonstrating cause and
effect.
“Certainly some teens do say that they struggle to get rid of social
media at night — they might be worried about missing out on things， or
affecting their friends by not answering messages — and they stay up late
from that，” she says. “But maybe for some of those young people they
have a naturally later body clock， and are passing their free time at night
on social media until they’re ready to fall asleep.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国一项最新研究发现，使用社交
媒体会导致青少年睡眠质量的下降。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国一项最新研究发现，使用社交
媒体会导致青少年睡眠质量的下降。
1. What’s the purpose of the new study in the UK？（ ）
A. To find the benefits of using social media.
B. To know the effects of using social media.
C. To know teenagers’ habits of using social media.
D. To prove the growing popularity of social media.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一、三两段可知，英国这项最新研
究所揭示的是使用社交媒体对青少年带来的不良影响，包括睡眠
差、成绩差及心理健康问题等。
2. What does Holly Scott encourage people to do？（ ）
A. Make better use of social media.
B. Spend less time on social media.
C. Study how social media influences teens.
D. Understand why teens like using social media.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Holly Scott鼓励人们去
关注青少年使用社交媒体背后的情感及社会因素。
3. What does Holly Scott think of social media’s causing poor sleep？
（ ）
A. It’s interesting. B. It’s impossible.
C. It lacks evidence. D. It’s beyond doubt.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，Holly Scott认为，使
用社交媒体与睡眠差之间不一定存在因果关系，也许是其他原因导
致睡眠质量下降。
B
“Getting your eight hours” is one of those suggestions， like
drinking plenty of water or not to swim in canals， that most people take
at face value.
When former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was reported to need
only five hours’ sleep a night， it was taken as evidence of a near-
supernaturally tough body.
And it’s become an increasingly common view that too much work
and stress and missing out on our eight hours is the modern disaster.
“But the good news，” says Prof Jim Horne， director of
Loughborough University’s Sleep Research Centre， “is that we don’t
need eight hours at all.”
“It’s nonsense. It’s like saying everybody should have size eight
shoes， or be five foot eight inches. There is a normal distribution — the
average sleep length is seven， seven and a quarter hours.”
Lots of people report having more or less than the average， he said.
It may all be down to genes， and what people are accustomed to.
The US National Sleep Foundation suggests seven to nine hours a
night is advisable for adults， and a survey it conducted in 2002 suggested
three-quarters of Americans had problems sleeping and a third were so
sleepy during the day their activities were affected.
The foundation says：“In the past century， we have reduced our
average time in sleep. Though our society has changed， our brains and
bodies have not. Sleep deprivation （缺乏） is affecting us all and we are
paying the price.”
But Prof Horne says：“The test of insufficient （不足的） sleep is
whether you are sleepy in the day or if you remain alert through most of
the day.”
In a nutshell， if you sleep for eight hours a night go to work and find
yourself tired on the keyboard， you aren’t getting enough. If you’re
sleeping five hours and running the country， you probably are getting
enough.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。关于睡眠，最广为流传的说法是我
们每天需要八小时的睡眠。真的是这样吗？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。关于睡眠，最广为流传的说法是我
们每天需要八小时的睡眠。真的是这样吗？
4. According to Prof Jim Horne， .（ ）
A. the average sleep length is too long
B. we should sleep at least seven hours
C. we should sleep no more than nine hours
D. different people need different sleep hours
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段Jim Horne教授的讲话可知，要
求人们每天睡眠八小时，就像是要求所有人都穿八号鞋一样荒唐。
5. What’s the US National Sleep Foundation’s attitude towards
people’s sleep deprivation？（ ）
A. Greatly concerned. B. Greatly doubtful.
C. A little surprised. D. A little confused.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第八段可知，美国国家睡眠基金会认
为，目前睡眠缺乏的问题影响着我们所有的人，我们正在为之付出
代价。由此判断，它对此现象是极度关切和担忧的。
6. What should be used to judge whether we lack sleep or not according to
Prof Jim Horne？（ ）
A. Our average sleep length.
B. Our physical and mental state.
C. Our total number of sleep hours.
D. Our performance at school and work.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，Jim Horne教授
认为，判断我们是否睡眠缺乏，主要看我们第二天的身体和精
神状态。
7. What does the last paragraph intend to tell us？（ ）
A. The number of sleep hours alone doesn’t make sense.
B. Long hours’ sleep can’t guarantee your good performance.
C. Short hours’ sleep doesn’t necessarily affect your work.
D. Sleep hours don’t make much difference to your performance.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，如果你睡八小时，但
第二天上班疲倦，那么你睡眠不足；如果你只睡五小时，但是你第
二天非常精神，那么你睡眠充足。综上所述，最后一段想要告诉我
们单纯看睡眠时间长短是无意义的。
C
A famous fake copy of the Mona Lisa， so similar to Leonardo da
Vinci’s masterpiece that some experts questioned whether the real copy
was hanging in the Louvre， was purchased Friday for $3.4 million.
The winner of the online auction （拍卖）， a European collector，
agreed to pay $3.4 million （￡2.9 million）， 10 to 15 times more than
the auction house had estimated and the most ever paid for a fake Mona
Lisa， Christie’s said.
“The record-setting price demonstrates the ongoing charm the Mona
Lisa still has centuries after her creation，” said Pierre Etienne， a
Christie’s specialist in Old Master paintings， in a statement.
The painting is named after Raymond Hekking， an antique （文
物） seller in France who bought the painting from an antique store in
1953 for ￡3 — about ￡86， or $110， in 2020 — according to
Christie’s.Hekking believed his painting was the original， and that a
fake painting was returned to the Louvre after the original was stolen in
1914.While some art historians seriously considered Hekking’s
arguments at the time， experts now believe it was painted by an unknown
Italian artist in the 1600s， about a century after Da Vinci painted the real
Mona Lisa.
In other Mona Lisa news， an online petition， “We want Jeff
Bezos to buy and eat the Mona Lisa，” has gathered more than 9，000
signatures as of Friday.If Bezos obliged， his bid may break the world
record for most expensive artwork， set when another Da Vinci painting，
Salvator Mundi， sold in 2016 for $450 million at Christie’s in New
York.
Mr Bezos， the Amazon founder， has a net worth upward of $200
billion.In 1962， according to Guinness World Records， the Mona Lisa
was assessed at $100 million.In today’s dollars， that would roughly
translate to over $850 million.Though Mr Bezos could theoretically afford
it， the Mona Lisa isn’t for sale， and France likely wouldn’t be
willing to give it up.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一幅莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的名画《蒙娜
丽莎》的复制品，在法国巴黎佳士得拍卖行以340万美元这一创纪录
的价格拍出。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一幅莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的名画《蒙娜
丽莎》的复制品，在法国巴黎佳士得拍卖行以340万美元这一创纪录
的价格拍出。
8. What was the auction house’s estimated price of the fake Mona Lisa？
（ ）
A. No more than $200，000.
B. No more than $300，000.
C. No less than $300，000.
D. No less than $400，000.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这幅《蒙娜丽莎》的复
制品拍得340万美元，比拍卖行的估价高出了10到15倍。这说明拍
卖行的估价大约是20到30万美元。
9. What was Pierre Etienne’s attitude to the painting’s getting a record-
setting price？（ ）
A. Positive. B. Skeptical.
C. Confused. D. Ambiguous.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段可知，Pierre Etienne认为，
《蒙娜丽莎》的复制品能被高价拍卖，说明历经几个世纪，《蒙娜
丽莎》的魅力依然不减。
10. What do we learn about the fake Mona Lisa？（ ）
A. It was stolen from the Louvre.
B. Hekking got it from an auction.
C. The winner collector didn’t know it was fake.
D. It was hard to distinguish between true and false.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Raymond Hekking坚持
认为自己拥有的《蒙娜丽莎》是真迹，卢浮宫的是赝品；而这一
说法当时被很多艺术家和历史学家认真考虑。
11. What does the author think of selling Mona Lisa to Mr Bezos？
（ ）
A. It wasn’t difficult.
B. It won’t happen indeed.
C. It was a brilliant idea.
D. It was a crazy thought.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，Bezos购
买此画理论上是可以的，但是法国人是不会将此国宝卖掉的。
D
There seems to be a lot of misunderstanding about artificial
intelligence.Many people are worried that AI and robots are going to take
all of our jobs.Now， we need to understand the answer to a simple
question： What is AI？
The starting point is easy.Simply put， artificial intelligence is a field
of computer science.Its goal is to enable the computers or robots to do
things normally done by people.
If we start with this definition， any program can be considered AI if
it does something that we would normally think of as intelligent in
humans.That is， it is AI if it is smart， but it doesn’t have to be smart
like us.
It turns out that people have very different goals on building AI
systems.For some， the goal is to build systems that think exactly the
same way that people do.Others just want to get the job done and don’t
care if the computation has anything to do with human thought.And some
are in-between， using human reasoning （推理） as a model that can
inform and inspire but not as the final goal for imitation.
The work aimed at improving human reasoning can be called
“strong AI” in that any result can be used to not only build systems that
think but also to explain how humans think as well.
The work in the second camp， aimed at just getting systems to
work， is usually called “weak AI” in that while we might be able to
build systems that can behave like humans， the results will tell us nothing
about how humans think.One of the examples of this is IBM’s Deep
Blue， a system that was a master chess player， but certainly did not play
in the same way that humans do.
Somewhere in the middle of strong and weak AI is a third camp （the
“in-between”）： systems that are informed or inspired by human
reasoning.This tends to be where most of the more powerful work is
happening today.These systems use human reasoning as a guide， but
they are not driven by the goal to perfectly model it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人工智能是时下的一个热点话题，
可是，究竟什么是人工智能呢？本文对其做了简要说明。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人工智能是时下的一个热点话题，
可是，究竟什么是人工智能呢？本文对其做了简要说明。
12. How many kinds of AI are mentioned in the passage？（ ）
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，本文提到了三种
人工智能：强人工智能，弱人工智能，以及介于两者之间的人工
智能。
13. What’s the main difference between strong AI and weak AI？
（ ）
A. Whether the systems can think.
B. Whether the systems do things like humans.
C. Whether the systems know how humans think.
D. Whether the systems are inspired by human reasoning.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五、六段内容可知，强人工智能
与弱人工智能的主要区别在于是否懂得人类如何思考。
14. What do we learn about IBM’s Deep Blue？（ ）
A. It is a kind of weak AI.
B. It is a kind of strong AI.
C. It can play chess like a human.
D. It doesn’t have human thinking.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句可知，IBM公司的
Deep Blue是下棋高手，但是它不同于人下棋的方式。
15. What’s the purpose of the passage？（ ）
A. To explain what AI is.
B. To tell us how AI works.
C. To tell us what AI can do.
D. To explain why we need AI.
解析： 写作意图题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了什么是
人工智能，并对其进行了分类。故A项能概括文章主旨。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Abraham Lincoln once said， “When I do good， I feel good；
when I do bad， I feel bad. And that’s my religion.” 16.（ ）
Helping and being kind not only contributes to the happiness of
others， it can also help us to feel happier ourselves！ Studies have shown
that when we do kind things， it can literally give our brain a boost，
activating its “reward centres” and that feels good. 17.（ ）
Giving and kindness also help us feel connected to others， which is
important for our wellbeing and contributes to building stronger
communities and a happier society for everyone.
18. （ ） From small acts like a friendly smile， a few kind
words， helping with bags， or offering up our seat， through to regular
volunteering — there are lots of different ways we can give or be kind. We
can of course donate money to good causes if we are able to and we can
give in lots of non-financial ways too， such as giving a moment of
attention， some of our time， knowledge， ideas， energy or support.
19. （ ） These include： experiencing more positive emotions
and satisfaction with life， increasing our sense of meaning， and
boosting our self-confidence. It can reduce stress and help us feel calmer
too. Some studies have found that people who volunteered regularly were
found to experience fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Giving and being kind can help us feel more connected to others and
contribute to improving our relationships — and that’s good for
wellbeing all round！ Our acts of kindness might be for family，
friends， colleagues， or neighbours or even strangers. 20.（ ） It
could be a one-off spontaneous （自发的） gesture or something we do
regularly. There are always ways to be kind.
A. Every act of kindness counts.
B. Happier people tend to help others more.
C. It can take our minds off our own worries too.
D. They could be old or young， nearby or far away.
E. If you want to feel good， doing good is a great place to start.
F. We all can make a difference to something bigger， beyond ourselves.
G. Scientific studies show that helping others can contribute to our
happiness in different ways.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者建议我们去多帮助别人，因为
帮助别人不但可以让他人快乐，也可以带给我们自己快乐。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者建议我们去多帮助别人，因为
帮助别人不但可以让他人快乐，也可以带给我们自己快乐。
16. E 上句作者引用了林肯的一句名言，E项中的feel good，
doing good正好重复了林肯名言中的关键词，是承接前面名言的进
一步阐述。
17. C 根据上文可知，本段主要说明帮助他人所带来的好处，因此C
项（助人也可以帮助我们忘记自己的烦恼）符合语境。
18. A 根据下文可知，本段主要说明我们应该如何去帮助他人，尤
其提到一些生活中的点滴小事，因此A项正好概括本段主旨。
19. G 下文由These include引起，具体说明帮助他人是如何提升我们
的幸福感的。因此G项符合语境。
20. D 上文提到了一些复数名词：friends、 colleagues、 neighbours
和strangers，D项中的They正好指代这些复数名词，符合语境。
谢谢观看！
