Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 情态动词 课件(共48张)+学案(含答案)

文档属性

名称 Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 情态动词 课件(共48张)+学案(含答案)
格式 zip
文件大小 599.0KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 北师大版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2025-11-03 15:57:55

文档简介

Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 情态动词
①When she was young, she could dance very well.
②Can/Could you help me?
③An experienced teacher can make mistakes.
④It could be weeks before we get a reply.
⑤This coat may be Peter’s.
⑥Since you are here already, you may as well stay here and enjoy yourself.
⑦May/Might I have a few words with your manager?
⑧They must be hungry after a long walk.
⑨If you must smoke, please go out.
⑩Shall we begin our lesson?
Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.
It’s strange that he should be late.
Will/Would you go with me?
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
He will/would take you home.
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中,句①②③④为can/could的用法,可以表示“       ”。
2.句⑤⑥⑦为may/might的用法,可以表示“          ”等,may/might as well意为“    ”。
3.句⑧中must表示“    ”;句⑨中must意为“    ”。
4.句⑩中shall表示“        ”;句 中shall表示“    ”。
5.句 中should意为“    ”。
6.句 中will/would表示“      ”;句 中would表示“    ”;句 中will/would表示“      ”。
一、情态动词概述
1.情态动词的类型
(1)只作情态动词的有must, can (could), may (might), ought to。
(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need, dare。
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有shall (should), will (would)。
(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有be able to, have (has) to, used to, had better。
2.情态动词的特征
(1)在形式上,情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化,只有could, would, had to, might等几个过去式,其他情态动词,如must, ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形。
(2)在意义上,大多数情态动词有多个意义,如can可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。
(3)在用法上,情态动词与助动词一样,需后接动词原形,构成谓语动词。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.表示能力(can/could/be able to)
(1)can表示一般的能力,could泛指过去的能力。
Mary can speak 3 languages.
玛丽能说三门语言。
Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.
汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。
(2)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种,而be able to则有更多的时态;be able to强调“通过努力有能力做到”,如果表示“某事已经成功做成”应用was/were able to,而不用could。
The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
这场大火很快蔓延到了整个大楼,但是每个人都逃出去了。
2.表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would)
(1)表示请求、允许时,在一般疑问句中could可以代替can,但could表示的语气更委婉,答语要用can。
—Can/Could I have a look at your new pen?
—Yes, you can.
——我可以看一下你的新钢笔吗?
——可以。
(2)may表示请求、允许,意为“可以”。might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间,也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I’m afraid not或mustn’t。
May (might) I ask for a photo of your baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?
(3)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall I/he go to see you?
我/他去看你,好吗?
(4)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话者的意志,用来表示说话者给对方的命令、指示、允诺。此种用法还可以用来宣布法律、规定。
You shall get what you want if you behave well.
如果表现好的话,你就会得到你想要的东西。(表示允诺)
Each student shall wear the school uniform.
每个学生都要穿校服。(宣布规定)
(5)will表示请求、建议,用于疑问句,常与第二人称连用。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.
请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。
(6)would用于第二人称,表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法,比will更为客气。
Would you mind cleaning the window?
请你把窗户擦一下好吗?
3.表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to)
(1)must表示必要、命令或强制,意为“必须,应该”(指说话人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的疑问句时,如果是否定的回答,通常不用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
We must do everything step by step.
我们必须循序渐进地做每件事。
—Must I give up smoking?
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
——我必须戒烟吗?
——是的,你必须戒。
——不,你不必戒。
(2)need用作情态动词时,没有词形的变化,后面跟不带to的动词不定式(即跟动词原形),通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t bother asking Rick — I know he’s too busy.
你不必费神去问里克,我知道他太忙了。
(3)should表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
你应该对老师有礼貌。
(4)ought to表示义务,意为“应该”,口气比should稍重。
You are his father.You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲,你应当照顾他。
4.表示意愿或勇气(will/would/dare)
(1)will表示主观意志、意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句。
He will/would take you home.
他愿意送你回家。
(2)would作为will的过去式,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志。
I said I would do my best to help you.
我说过我愿意尽我最大努力来帮助你。
(3)dare作情态动词时,主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中,没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式dared;另外,它还可作实义动词。
She dare not go out alone at night.
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
5.表示推测(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to)
(1)can/could表示可能性,主要用于否定句和疑问句。can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。
He can’t have enough money for a new car.
他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
(2)may/might表示推测时,主要用于肯定句或否定句中,might比may表示的可能性更不确定。may not/might not表示“可能不”。
There may be another problem that we don’t know about.
可能还有另一个我们不知道的问题。
Life is unpredictable;even the poorest may/might become the richest.
人生难以预料,即便是最穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。
(3)must表示有把握的推测,意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句中。对目前情况的推测用must do;对正在发生的事情的推测用must be doing;对过去情况的推测用must have done。
You must be tired after working so long.
工作了这么久,你一定累了。
Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday.I found it wet.
昨天一定有人用了我的伞,我发现它湿了。
(4)should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表示推测时强)。
—I’ll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning.OK?
—OK.They should be here by that time.
——我明天上午来取他寄给我的书。好吗?
——好的。到那时它们(按道理)应该到了。
(5)would表示预料或猜想,意为“也许,大概”。
It would be ten when he left home.
他离开家时大概是十点钟。
(6)ought to表示推测,暗含很大的可能性,语气较强。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.
他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
【即时演练1】 用适当的情态动词填空
①Jim says we       stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
②A single spark        start a prairie fire.
③It’s especially important that every piece of equipment       be checked before the experiment.
④I’m sorry, but you       go wrong.There’s no such man here.
⑤Students       remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation.
三、情态动词的特殊用法
1.can
(1)表示可能性(理论上或逻辑判断上)。
On such a rainy day, accidents can happen.
在这样的下雨天,可能会发生事故。
(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
That can’t be true.
那不可能是真的。(具体事情发生的可能性,表示不相信)
(3)cannot ...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好”。
You can’t be too careful while driving.
你开车时越小心越好。
2.may
(1)“may well+动词原形”意为“很可能,大可,完全能”。
Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.她的样貌变化如此之大,你很有可能认不出她了。
(2)“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,不妨,倒不如”。
We may as well stay where we are.
我们不妨待在现在的地方。
3.must
must表示“偏要,硬要”做某事,指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.
我们正要出发的时候偏偏车坏了。
4.should
should多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事,常与why或how连用,意为“竟会”。
I find it astonishing that John should be so rude to me.
约翰竟然这样粗鲁地对待我,我感到很震惊。
5.will/would
will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。will用来叙述目前的习惯;would表示过去的习惯。
Rose will always be late for school.
罗斯上学总迟到。
He would go for a walk around the lake after supper when he lived in the country.
他住在乡下时,总是晚饭后围着湖散步。
【即时演练2】 用适当的情态动词填空
①You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman       be so rude to a lady.
②—Mary knows the city quite well.
—She       well have been there before.
③I still remember my happy childhood when my mother       take me to Disneyland at weekends.
④Schools have been lengthening the school day to raise test marks, which      be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days.
⑤—Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?
—Well, if you       .I can put on more clothes.
四、“情态动词+have done”的用法
1.must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”,只能用于肯定句。否定句中要用can’t/couldn’t have done,意为“不可能已经做了某事”。
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
杰克把他的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人,他认为多年前他的父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩。
2.can/could have done表示本来能够做某事而实际上没有做;can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。
You could have done better, but you were too careless then.
你本来能做得更好,但你当时太粗心了。
I saw Mr Wang just now.He couldn’t have gone to Beijing.
我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去北京了。
3.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测,常用于肯定句和否定句,意为“想必;也许;可能已经;本可以做(实际却没做)”,其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。
I’m not sure.He might have said so at the conference.
我拿不准。或许在会上他说过这样的话。
You might have given him more help, though you were busy then.
你本可以给他更多的帮助,虽然你当时很忙。
4.should/ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做;其否定形式表示过去本不应该做某事却做了。
You should have handed in your homework last week.你本该上周交作业的。
You shouldn’t have told him the bad news.
你本不该告诉他那个坏消息的。
5.needn’t have done表示过去本不必做某事而实际上已经做了。
We needn’t have waited for him.
我们本不必等他。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
①The workers were not better organised, otherwise they             the task in half the time.
工人们没有组织好,否则他们就会在一半的时间内完成任务了。
②Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He             many times last week.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现不错。他上周一定练习了很多次。
③He             writing the paper now.He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
他现在不可能写完了试卷。我十分钟之前离开他时,他还没有写一个字。
④—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks.You           it.I could manage it myself.
——凯瑟琳, 我已经为你把房间打扫过了。
——谢谢,你本不必打扫。我自己能行。
维度一:基础题型练
选词填空。
1.He       (must/might) get here in time, but I can’t be sure.
2.— How long       (may/must) I keep this book?
— You may keep it for two weeks.
3.He       (can’t/mustn’t) have missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours early.
4.John, look at the time.       (Must/Can) you play the piano at such a late hour?
5.She       (might/must) have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
6.— That must be a mistake.
— No,it       (can’t/mustn’t) be a mistake.
7.If you work hard and finish it this week, you       (shall/need) have Monday free next week.
8.It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it       (may/can) be rather cold sometimes.
9.I can make a lantern now, but I      (can’t/couldn’t) when I was young.
10.— Can we go out and play football now?
— No, you         (can’t/mustn’t).
11.Your cousin       (may/must) have enjoyed his trip in Jixian County, didn’t he? He looks amazingly different.
12.I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I       (couldn’t/shouldn’t) have eaten so much fried chicken just now.
维度二:语法与写作
1.Humans               with their hands.
人类可以用双手完成非常复杂的任务。
2.I can’t find my purse.I         in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它忘在超市了,但我不确定。
3.In today’s information age, the loss of data             for a company.
在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失会给一个公司带来严重问题。
4.I don’t know where she is; she       .
我不知道她在哪里,她可能在武汉。
5.Nobody knows how people first came to these islands.They           from South America on rafts.
没有人知道人们最初是如何来到这些岛屿的。他们可能是从南美乘木筏来的。
6.You            with the camera.It is very expensive!
你一定要小心照相机。它很贵!
7.You                 ,but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful for what you did.
你可能觉得所有的训练都是在浪费时间,但我百分之百地肯定你以后会感激你所做的。
8.It was so noisy that we          speak.
太吵了,我们听不见自己说话。
9.We             the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?
10.Mark             .Driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
马克本不必着急。他开得飞快,早到了半小时。
Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 情态动词
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.能力、请求、允许、推测、客观或理论上的可能性
2.请求、许可、推测 不妨 3.推测 偏偏 4.征求对方意见 允诺 5.竟然 6.请求、建议 习惯 意愿和意志
即时演练1
①can ②can ③should ④must ⑤shall
即时演练2
①should ②may ③would ④can ⑤must
即时演练3
①would have accomplished  ②must have practised
③can’t have finished ④needn’t have done
【素养提升·重练习】
维度一
1.might  2.may 3.can’t 4.Must 5.might  6.can’t
7.shall 8.can 9.couldn’t 10.can’t 11.must
12.shouldn’t
维度二
1.can perform very complex tasks 2.could/might have left it 3.can cause serious problems 4.may be in Wuhan
5.might have sailed 6.must be careful 7.may feel all the training a waste of time 8.couldn’t hear ourselves
9.could have faced 10.needn’t have hurried
8 / 8(共48张PPT)
Section Ⅲ 
Grammar —— 情态动词
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
素养提升·重练习
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
①When she was young, she could dance very well.
②Can/Could you help me?
③An experienced teacher can make mistakes.
④It could be weeks before we get a reply.
⑤This coat may be Peter’s.
⑥Since you are here already, you may as well stay here and enjoy
yourself.
⑦May/Might I have a few words with your manager?
⑧They must be hungry after a long walk.
⑨If you must smoke, please go out.
⑩Shall we begin our lesson?
Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.
It’s strange that he should be late.
Will/Would you go with me?
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
He will/would take you home.
【我的发现】
1. 以上句子中,句①②③④为can/could的用法,可以表示“
”。
2. 句⑤⑥⑦为may/might的用法,可以表示“
”等,may/might as well意为“ ”。
3. 句⑧中must表示“ ”;句⑨中must意为“ ”。
4. 句⑩中shall表示“ ”;句 中shall表示“
”。
5. 句 中should意为“ ”。
6. 句 中will/would表示“ ”;句 中would表示
“ ”;句 中will/would表示“ ”。

力、请求、允许、推测、客观或理论上的可能性 
请求、许可、推
测 
不妨 
推测 
偏偏 
征求对方意见 

诺 
竟然 
请求、建议 
习惯 
意愿和意志 
一、情态动词概述
1. 情态动词的类型
(1)只作情态动词的有must, can (could), may (might),
ought to。
(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need, dare。
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有shall (should), will(would)。
(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有be able to, have (has) to,
used to, had better。
2. 情态动词的特征
(1)在形式上,情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化,只有could,
would, had to, might等几个过去式,其他情态动词,如
must, ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形。
(2)在意义上,大多数情态动词有多个意义,如can可以表达
“能力”“可能”“许可”等。
(3)在用法上,情态动词与助动词一样,需后接动词原形,构成
谓语动词。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1. 表示能力(can/could/be able to)
(1)can表示一般的能力,could泛指过去的能力。
Mary can speak 3 languages.
玛丽能说三门语言。
Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.
汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。
(2)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种,而be able to则有更多
的时态;be able to强调“通过努力有能力做到”,如果表示
“某事已经成功做成”应用was/were able to,而不用could。
The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone
was able to get out.
这场大火很快蔓延到了整个大楼,但是每个人都逃出去了。
2. 表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would)
(1)表示请求、允许时,在一般疑问句中could可以代替can,但
could表示的语气更委婉,答语要用can。
—Can/Could I have a look at your new pen?
—Yes, you can.
——我可以看一下你的新钢笔吗?
——可以。
(2)may表示请求、允许,意为“可以”。might表示的语气更委
婉。might可以指过去的时间,也可指现在的时间。其疑问句
的否定回答为I’m afraid not或mustn’t。
May (might) I ask for a photo of your baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?
(3)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意
见或向对方请示。
Shall I/he go to see you?
我/他去看你,好吗?
(4)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话者的意志,用来
表示说话者给对方的命令、指示、允诺。此种用法还可以用
来宣布法律、规定。
You shall get what you want if you behave well.
如果表现好的话,你就会得到你想要的东西。(表示允诺)
Each student shall wear the school uniform.
每个学生都要穿校服。(宣布规定)
(5)will表示请求、建议,用于疑问句,常与第二人称连用。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.
请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。
(6)would用于第二人称,表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法,
比will更为客气。
Would you mind cleaning the window?
请你把窗户擦一下好吗?
3. 表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to)
(1)must表示必要、命令或强制,意为“必须,应该”(指说话
人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的疑问句时,如果是否定
的回答,通常不用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
We must do everything step by step.
我们必须循序渐进地做每件事。
—Must I give up smoking?
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
——我必须戒烟吗?
——是的,你必须戒。
——不,你不必戒。
(2)need用作情态动词时,没有词形的变化,后面跟不带to的动
词不定式(即跟动词原形),通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t bother asking Rick — I know he’s too busy.
你不必费神去问里克,我知道他太忙了。
(3)should表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应
该”,用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
你应该对老师有礼貌。
(4)ought to表示义务,意为“应该”,口气比should稍重。
You are his father.You ought to take care of him.
你是他父亲,你应当照顾他。
4. 表示意愿或勇气(will/would/dare)
(1)will表示主观意志、意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句。
He will/would take you home.
他愿意送你回家。
(2)would作为will的过去式,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望
或意志。
I said I would do my best to help you.
我说过我愿意尽我最大努力来帮助你。
(3)dare作情态动词时,主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句
中,没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式dared;另外,它还可
作实义动词。
She dare not go out alone at night.
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
5. 表示推测(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to)
(1)can/could表示可能性,主要用于否定句和疑问句。
can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。
He can’t have enough money for a new car.
他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
(2)may/might表示推测时,主要用于肯定句或否定句中,might
比may表示的可能性更不确定。may not/might not表示“可能
不”。
There may be another problem that we don’t know about.
可能还有另一个我们不知道的问题。
Life is unpredictable;even the poorest may/might become the
richest.
人生难以预料,即便是最穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。
(3)must表示有把握的推测,意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只
用于肯定句中。对目前情况的推测用must do;对正在发生的
事情的推测用must be doing;对过去情况的推测用must have
done。
You must be tired after working so long.
工作了这么久,你一定累了。
Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday.I found it
wet.
昨天一定有人用了我的伞,我发现它湿了。
(4)should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“想必
一定、照说应该、估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表示推测
时强)。
—I’ll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning.OK?
—OK. They should be here by that time.
——我明天上午来取他寄给我的书。好吗?
——好的。到那时它们(按道理)应该到了。
(5)would表示预料或猜想,意为“也许,大概”。
It would be ten when he left home.
他离开家时大概是十点钟。
(6)ought to表示推测,暗含很大的可能性,语气较强。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.
他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
【即时演练1】 用适当的情态动词填空
①Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it
clean and tidy.
②A single spark start a prairie fire.
③It’s especially important that every piece of
equipment be checked before the experiment.
can 
can 
should 
④I’m sorry, but you go wrong.There’s no such
man here.
⑤Students remain in their seats until all the papers
have been collected according to the regulation.
must 
shall 
三、情态动词的特殊用法
1. can
(1)表示可能性(理论上或逻辑判断上)。
On such a rainy day, accidents can happen.
在这样的下雨天,可能会发生事故。
(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句
或感叹句中。
That can’t be true.
那不可能是真的。(具体事情发生的可能性,表示不相信)
(3)cannot ...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……
越好”。
You can’t be too careful while driving.
你开车时越小心越好。
2. may
(1)“may well+动词原形”意为“很可能,大可,完全能”。
Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not
recognize her.
她的样貌变化如此之大,你很有可能认不出她了。
(2)“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,不妨,倒
不如”。
We may as well stay where we are.
我们不妨待在现在的地方。
3. must
must表示“偏要,硬要”做某事,指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.
我们正要出发的时候偏偏车坏了。
4. should
should多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事,常与
why或how连用,意为“竟会”。
I find it astonishing that John should be so rude to me.
约翰竟然这样粗鲁地对待我,我感到很震惊。
5. will/would
will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“经常,惯于,总
是”。will用来叙述目前的习惯;would表示过去的习惯。
Rose will always be late for school.
罗斯上学总迟到。
He would go for a walk around the lake after supper when he lived in
the country.
他住在乡下时,总是晚饭后围着湖散步。
【即时演练2】 用适当的情态动词填空
①You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so
rude to a lady.
②—Mary knows the city quite well.
—She well have been there before.
should 
may 
③I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take
me to Disneyland at weekends.
④Schools have been lengthening the school day to raise test marks,
which be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days.
⑤—Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?
—Well, if you .I can put on more clothes.
would 
can 
must 
四、“情态动词+have done”的用法
1. must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必/
准是/一定做了某事”,只能用于肯定句。否定句中要用
can’t/couldn’t have done,意为“不可能已经做了某事”。
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many
years ago, as a strong-willed man.
杰克把他的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人,他认为多年前他的父
亲一定是个勇敢的男孩。
2. can/could have done表示本来能够做某事而实际上没有做;
can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。
You could have done better, but you were too careless then.
你本来能做得更好,但你当时太粗心了。
I saw Mr Wang just now.He couldn’t have gone to Beijing.
我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去北京了。
3. may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测,常用于肯定句
和否定句,意为“想必;也许;可能已经;本可以做(实际却没
做)”,其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。
I’m not sure.He might have said so at the conference.
我拿不准。或许在会上他说过这样的话。
You might have given him more help, though you were busy then.
你本可以给他更多的帮助,虽然你当时很忙。
4. should/ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做;
其否定形式表示过去本不应该做某事却做了。
You should have handed in your homework last week.
你本该上周交作业的。
You shouldn’t have told him the bad news.
你本不该告诉他那个坏消息的。
5. needn’t have done表示过去本不必做某事而实际上已经做了。
We needn’t have waited for him.
我们本不必等他。
【即时演练3】 完成句子
①The workers were not better organised, otherwise they
the task in half the time.
工人们没有组织好,否则他们就会在一半的时间内完成任务了。
②Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He
many times last week.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现不错。他上周一定练习了很多次。
would have
accomplished
must have practised 
③He writing the paper now.He hadn’t written
a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
他现在不可能写完了试卷。我十分钟之前离开他时,他还没有写
一个字。
④—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks.You it.I could manage it myself.
——凯瑟琳, 我已经为你把房间打扫过了。
——谢谢,你本不必打扫。我自己能行。
can’t have finished 
needn’t have done 
素养提升·重练习
培育学科素养
2
维度一:基础题型练
选词填空。
1. He (must/might) get here in time, but I can’t be sure.
2. — How long (may/must) I keep this book?
— You may keep it for two weeks.
3. He (can’t/mustn’t) have missed the train; he
arrived at the train station two hours early.
might 
may 
can’t 
4. John, look at the time. (Must/Can) you play the piano at
such a late hour?
5. She (might/must) have achieved greater progress, if
you had given her more chances.
6. — That must be a mistake.
— No,it (can’t/mustn’t) be a mistake.
7. If you work hard and finish it this week, you
(shall/need) have Monday free next week.
Must 
might 
can’t 
shall 
8. It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it
(may/can) be rather cold sometimes.
9. I can make a lantern now, but I (can’t/couldn’t)
when I was young.
10. — Can we go out and play football now?
— No, you (can’t/mustn’t).
11. Your cousin (may/must) have enjoyed his trip in Jixian
County, didn’t he? He looks amazingly different.
12. I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I
(couldn’t/shouldn’t) have eaten so much fried chicken just
now.
can 
couldn’t 
can’t 
must 
shouldn’t 
维度二:语法与写作
1. Humans with their hands.
人类可以用双手完成非常复杂的任务。
2. I can’t find my purse.I in the
supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它忘在超市了,但我不确
定。
3. In today’s information age, the loss of data
for a company.
在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失会给一个公司带来严重问题。
can perform very complex tasks 
could/might have left it 
can cause serious
problems 
4. I don’t know where she is; she .
我不知道她在哪里,她可能在武汉。
5. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands.They
from South America on rafts.
没有人知道人们最初是如何来到这些岛屿的。他们可能是从南美
乘木筏来的。
6. You with the camera.It is very expensive!
你一定要小心照相机。它很贵!
may be in Wuhan 
might
have sailed 
must be careful 
7. You ,but I’m a hundred
percent sure later you’ll be grateful for what you did.
你可能觉得所有的训练都是在浪费时间,但我百分之百地肯定你
以后会感激你所做的。
8. It was so noisy that we speak.
太吵了,我们听不见自己说话。
9. We the difficulty together, but why didn’t you
tell me?
我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?
may feel all the training a waste of time 
couldn’t hear ourselves 
could have faced 
10. Mark .Driving at top speed, he arrived
half an hour early.
马克本不必着急。他开得飞快,早到了半小时。
needn’t have hurried 
谢谢观看!