开篇·把握单元目标
文化意识 了解中国、英国、俄罗斯、爱尔兰、巴西、希腊、埃及等多个国家的悠久历史和文化传统。
思维品质 结合相关历史文化知识，观察和分析语言和文化现象，了解相关国家悠久历史和特色传统的文化内涵及其现实意义。
学习能力 平时能够注意积累英语习语；在听的过程中，能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。
语言 能力 单词 individual；kingdom；chief；puzzle；nearby；defence；legal；surround；evidence；achievement；location；battle；port；charge；announce；amount；gallery；approach；ensure；landscape；generous；position；snack；eager；poet；roll；cattle；ocean；greet；beer；custom；crowd
短语 Achilles' heel；join... to... ；break away (from sb/sth )；belong to；as well as；keep your eyes open (for)；have an influence on sth
语法 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
写作 景点介绍Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Task Ⅰ 框架宏观建构——整体理解
1.What's the main idea of the text
A．The history of the United Kingdom.
B．The geography of the United Kingdom.
C．The politics of the United Kingdom.
D．The climate of the United Kingdom.
答案：A
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1________
Para.2________
Para.3________
Para.4________
Para.5________
A．The four countries of the UK.
B．How the UK was created.
C．The four groups of people in the history.
D．Introduce the topic to the readers.
E．The history and modern culture make the UK fascinating.
答案：DBACE
TaskⅡ 文本微观剖析——细节探究
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．How do many people feel when they see the four names
A．Satisfied. B．Confused.
C．Disappointed. D．Curious.
2．In which aspect do the four countries have differences
A．Currency.
B．Military defence.
C．Education system.
D．National flag.
3．Why does the English language have so many French words
A．Because of the influence of the Romans.
B．Because of the influence of the Anglo-Saxons.
C．Because of the influence of the Vikings.
D．Because of the influence of the Normans.
4．What's the author's attitude towards studying the history of the United Kingdom
A．Neutral. B．Indifferent.
C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
答案：1～4 BCDC
Task Ⅲ 教材对接高考——续写感悟
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the mood.
1. ...many_people_are_confused_by_what_these_different_names_mean.
2．If_you_keep_your_eyes_open,_you_will_be_surprised_to_find_that_you_can_see_both_its_past_and_its_present.
Task Ⅳ 难句密码破解——理解提升
1.People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 来自联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
2．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
3．The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
Task Ⅴ 课文语法填空
When people hear the names—the United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain and England，they are often 1.________(confuse) by what these different names mean and want to know the difference between them.2.________(solve)this puzzle，you had better know a little bit about British history.
In the 16th century，the country 3.________(call) the Kingdom of England when the nearby country of Wales was joined to it.Two 4.________(century) later，it changed to the Kingdom of Great Britain when the country Scotland was joined to it.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.5.________(final)，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away 6.________ the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The four countries 7.________ belong to the United Kingdom have many things in common, but they still have some differences，such as education systems，legal systems，traditions as well 8.________ football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
The United Kingdom 9.________(go)through hard times in its history as many foreign invaders came to the country.They all had great influences on the country.
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.10.________(study) the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
答案：1.confused 2.To solve 3.was called 4.centuries 5.Finally 6.from 7.that/which 8.as 9.went 10.Studying
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
层级一 高频词汇精讲
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑( puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑的；感到困惑的 puzzling adj.令人困惑的)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Faced with so many difficulties, I am a little bit puzzled(puzzle) but happy at the same time.
②When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)
③These scientists have been puzzling about/over how to solve the environmental problem.
④关于这部戏剧，最令我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用合适的舞台语言。
What puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles.
(1)be a puzzle to sb 对某人来说是个谜
(2)puzzle about/over... 对……感到困惑
2．break away (from sb/sth )脱离；背叛；逃脱
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The firemen arrived shortly after the fire broke out．
②The old truck my dad often drove broke down on the way, which made my dad in trouble.
③In my opinion, marriage based on money is likely to break up．
④旅途中我喜爱的一点就是我有机会去打破常规生活，并且养成一些新的生活习惯。
One of the things I love about travel is the chance to break away from daily routines and form some new ones.
break down 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮
break into 破门而入
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up 结束；破裂
3．belong to属于
[练透]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Please make sure you have all your belongings(belong) with you when leaving the plane.
②Most importantly, cultural heritage can provide us with a sense of belonging(belong).
③剪纸属于中国传统艺术，已有1500多年的历史。
→Paper-cutting which belongs to traditional Chinese art has a history of over 1，500 years.(定语从句)
→Paper-cutting belonging to traditional Chinese art has a history of over 1，500 years.(非谓语动词作定语)
[指津] (1)belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；(2)belong to常用v.-ing形式作后置定语。
(1)belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应
(2)belongings n. 所有物；财产；财物
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①As well as knowing (know) some Russian, she speaks Chinese well.
②I as well as my friends am(be)keen on the contest to be held at 8 am next Saturday in the lecture hall.
③I have the ability to organize various activities，and I am good at communicating with others as well.
④众所周知，中国有丰富的文化和自然资源。
It's well-known that China is rich in culture as well as natural resources．
(1)as well as用作连词时，连接两个相同的句子成分，但连接两个主语时，谓语动词与其前面的主语保持一致；
(2)as well as用作介词时，可放在句首，与besides，in addition to意思相近；
(3)as well意为“也，又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。
层级二 中频词汇练透
1．join ...to ...把……和……连接或联结起来
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①People all over the world usually connect China with silk and good food.
②每一个个体或团体都通过互联网与世界相连。
Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet．
connect ... with ... 把……和……联系起来
2．evidence n．证据；证明( evident adj.明显的)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Modern science has given clear evidence(evident) that staying up late every day can lead to many diseases.
② It was evident that (很明显) the activity was well organized and went on successfully.
(1)There is some evidence that... 有证据证明……
(2)It is evident that ... 显然(很明显)……
3．keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
[练透]——完成句子
请留意机遇，因为它们不等任何人。
Please keep your eyes open for opportunities, for they wait for no one.
[板块二 重点句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：if条件状语从句的省略形式
(教材原句)So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果有(区别)的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？
[练透]——完成句子/句型转换
①If so (如果是这样的话), I wonder if you could take the trouble to send me my wallet.
②There may be some mistakes in my composition.If any(如果有的话), please help me point them out.
③If it is necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→If necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
if any 如果有的话
if so 如果这样的话；如果是的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
2．句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词
(教材原句)They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英国各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We were all surprised to see that he had his yard surrounded (surround) with many beautiful flowers.
②There is no need to worry.I will have Tom pick (pick) you up at the airport.
③It is wrong of you to have the light burning (burn) all the night.
④事实上，我的确希望提高我的英语，并结交一些英国的朋友。
As a matter of fact，I do hope to have my English improved and make some English friends.
have sth done 让别人做某事；让某事被做
have sb doing sth 让某人持续做某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
——————————· 课堂微练·题题过 ·——————————
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．be confused by... 对……感到困惑
2．education system 教育体制
3．build towns and roads 建设城镇和修建道路
4．work together in some areas 在某些领域紧密合作
5．the World Cup 世界杯
6．have a long and interesting history 历史源远流长、别有趣味
7．take over at different times 在不同历史时期执掌
8．make your visit much more enjoyable 使你的旅行更加愉快
9．date back to Roman times 追溯到罗马时代
10．a mix of history and modern culture 历史与现代文化交融
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Mr. Black as well as his students is going to London next month (下个月将去伦敦).
2．The young man is brave enough to break away from traditional ideas(打破传统的观念).
3．As well as going to the movies(除了去看电影) and playing football with my friends, I spend a lot of time reading.
4．The Dragon Boat Festival dating back to (起源于) about 2，000 years ago, falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
5．Keep your eyes open for (留意) a boy in a red cap and a sweater.
课时规范训练(二)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We must take measures to stop it and fight a battle (战斗)against all kinds of pollution.
2．As a great example of successful individual(个人), your lecture will be of great importance to us.
3．It is a beautiful port(港口) city with a fascinating scene.
4．The band is now setting out to conquer(征服) the world.
5．There were a number of locations where the kings of Egypt built pyramids.
6．We just want to find a nearby and beautiful place to walk or talk with friends, relaxing ourselves.
7．There is evidence that too much stress can lead to serious disease.
8．Strong legal safeguards are needed to protect the consumer.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When I was walking on the street, I saw two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled(puzzle).
2．The professor was sitting in a corner，surrounded(surround) by his students.
3．In addition, I can speak English so fluently that I can make myself understood (understand).
4．Let's keep to the subject, or you will get me confused(confuse).
5．The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning(learn) from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
6．Yuan Longping，known(know) as a famous scientist，was awarded the Medal of the Republic.
7．Some famous performers will join in the performance, which will surely make the audience excited(excite).
8．Keeping(keep) the environment clean and free of pollution is the key step to make life healthy.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．如果这样的话，把时间定在7月22日下午合适吗？
If so, will it be suitable for you to make it on the afternoon of July 22
2．每一个志愿者都不遗余力地让我们的环境更加干净绿色。
Every volunteer spared no effort to make our environment cleaner and greener．
3．如果你留心的话，你就会少犯错误。
If you keep your eyes open, you will make fewer mistakes.
4．我英语学得很好，也有做志愿者的丰富经验。
I have a good command of English as well as rich experience in being a volunteer. 层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar.This day is always the first full moon in the new year.Ancient people also called it Shangyuan Festival.Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty and became popular in the Tang Dynasty.
Watching the red lanterns is one of the main traditions.Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or along river banks on show.It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble.Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes.Another tradition is guessing lantern riddles.The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous.The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character, a famous person's name, or a place name.
The most important thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes.In northern China, they are called yuanxiao while in southern part they're named tangyuan.Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or family members.
In old times, the Lantern Festival was also a good time for young people to find love.Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other.And there were many romantic stories about this festival.A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this, “Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd.Suddenly I turned, and there she stood in the dim light.”
In a word, the Lantern Festival has brought us Chinese so much fun and joy over the years.We hope the young people can carry on these traditions and take pride in Chinese culture.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的元宵节的相关情况。
1．In ancient times, sky lanterns were first used for ________by Zhuge Kongming.
A．asking for help
B．guessing lantern riddles
C．making wishes
D．celebrating people's birthdays
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble.”可知，最早是诸葛孔明用来求助的。故选A。
2．Which of the following is NOT true about sweet dumplings
A．They have different tastes.
B．People enjoy the process of making them.
C.They are named “yuanxiao” all over the country.
D．People usually make them with family and friends.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“In northern China, they are called yuanxiao while in southern part they're named tangyuan.”可知，北方叫元宵南方叫汤圆，所以不是全国都叫元宵。故选C。
3．The line from Xin Qiji in the passage shows the Lantern Festival was ________in old times.
A．necessary B．romantic
C．demanding D．important
解析：B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And there were many romantic stories about this festival.A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this, ‘Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd.Suddenly I turned, and there she stood in the dim light.’”可知，关于这个节日有很多浪漫的故事，表明在古代元宵节是浪漫的。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I am excited to be teaching in an introductory history seminar (研讨班) on the world of Thomas Jefferson.It affords a(n) __1__ chance to help show students why history is a way of thinking, seeing, and understanding.
I love seeing students try to make__2__ of somebody from the 18th century, whether it is Jefferson or somebody whose life was closely __3__ with his own.Often, students at first are confident that they __4__ an 18th-century person, and that such an individual was inspired by the same things that __5__ them today.But then, when I __6__ certain things this historical figure said or did, students are often amazed at how __7__ the person in fact is, and how unusual the individual's assumptions, beliefs, and desires are __8__ to their own!
With more__9__， they begin to see how the peculiar (奇怪的) can appear __10__， how the strange can, in fact, seem so appropriate.At the beginning students __11__ to force their own beliefs and assumptions on the past, while now they begin to see the past according to its own __12__．I am always happy witnessing that transformation in vision, in seeing __13__ come to life for students.Such a transformation not only certainly __14__ the 18th century and allows students to better understand history, but it also helps them master a(n) __15__ that they can use for the rest of their lives.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在托马斯·杰斐逊世界的历史导论研讨会上授课，成功地引导学生在看待历史、研究历史上发生了好的视野转变，让学生明白了要根据当时的情况看待历史。
1．A.expensive B．serious
C．fantastic D．acceptable
解析：C 根据“I am excited to be teaching in an introductory history seminar (研讨班) on the world of Thomas Jefferson.”可知，此处是指这是一个极好的机会。故选C。
2．A.sense B．use
C．mistakes D．excuses
解析：A 根据“help show students why history is a way of thinking, seeing, and understanding”和“somebody from the 18th century”可知，此处是指试图理解来自18世纪的某个人。故选A。
3．A.fixed B．connected
C．tied D．contacted
解析：B 根据“whose life was closely”和“with his own”可知，此处是指与杰斐逊的生活密切相关的人。be connected with意为“与……相关”。故选B。
4．A.interview B．imagine
C．describe D．understand
解析：D 根据“help show students why history is a way of thinking, seeing, and understanding”和“and that such an individual was inspired by the same things”可知，此处是指学生们一开始都很自信自己了解一个18世纪的人。故选D。
5．A.support B．satisfy
C．attract D．guide
解析：D 根据“that such an individual was inspired by the same things”可知，此处是指指导他们的同样事物。故选D。
6．A.point out B．look on
C．think up D．put through
解析：A 根据“certain things this historical figure said or did”和“in fact is”可知，此处是指指出这个历史人物说过或做过的某些事情。故选A。
7．A.famous B．powerful
C．unique D．noble
解析：C 根据“how unusual”可知，此处是指这个人实际上是多么独特。故选C。
8．A.combined B．compared
C．added D．devoted
解析：B 根据“to their own”可知，此处是指与他们自己的相比。故选B。
9．A.experiments B．research
C．suggestions D．introductions
解析：B 根据“they begin to see how the peculiar (奇怪的) can appear”可知，此处是指随着更多的研究。故选B。
10．A.magical B．surprising
C．interesting D．logical
解析：D 根据“how the strange can, in fact, seem so appropriate”可知，此处是指怪诞的东西是如何显得合乎逻辑的。故选D。11.A.preferred B．succeeded
C．expected D．failed
解析：A 根据“while now they begin to see the past according to its own”可知，此处是指一开始学生们喜欢把自己的信念和假设强加于过去。故选A。
12．A.structures B．agreements
C．conditions D．directions
解析：C 根据“according to its own”可知，此处是指开始根据当时的情况来看待过去。故选C。
13．A.century B．history
C．seminar D．facts
解析：B 根据“allows students to better understand history”可知，此处是指看到历史在学生们眼里恢复了生气。故选B。
14．A.reveals B．discovers
C．divides D．explains
解析：D 根据“the 18th century and allows students to better understand history”可知，此处是指这样的转变不仅可以解释18世纪。故选D。
15．A.skill B．subject
C．event D．relationship
解析：A 根据“help them master”和“that they can use for the rest of their lives”可知，此处是指掌握一项可以在他们的余生中使用的技能。故选A。Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
观察下列课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能
1．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
2．Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
3．They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
[我的感悟]
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语时，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可以放在被修饰词之后。
The company needed many more qualified workers.
这个公司需要更多合格的工人。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
Some artworks created by famous Chinese painters will be on show.
一些由著名中国画家创作的艺术作品将会展出。
2．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。
We are trying to repair the damaged houses for the villagers.
我们正努力为村民们修复受损的房屋。
Many used cars are on sale now，and you can go to find a good one.
很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时仅表示完成，不表示被动。
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天，地上覆盖着落叶。
The risen sun offers light and heat necessary for life on the earth.
升起的太阳为地球上的生命提供了必需的光和热。
(3)过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性的定语从句，用来补充或说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
I'm writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film, called My People, My Country.
→I'm writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film，which is called My People, My Country.
我写信邀请你和我们一起看一部电影，叫作《我和我的祖国》。
The computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among the students in the school.
→The computer centre, which was opened last year, is very popular among the students in the school.
去年开放的计算机中心在这个学校的学生中很受欢迎。
3．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语时的区别
非谓语动词 形式 意义
过去分词 done 被动关系，动作已经完成
现在分词 doing 主动关系，动作正在进行
being done 被动关系，动作正在进行
不定式 to do 主动关系，动作尚未发生
to be done 被动关系，动作尚未发生
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
[即学即练1]——单句语法填空
①Tsinghua University，founded(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
②The man walking (walk) around the playground is my father.
③The house standing(stand) at the corner of the street was built in 2021.
④Anyone interested(interest) in the knowledge of space is warmly welcomed.
⑤Mr.White showed his students some old maps borrowed(borrow) from the library.
⑥There are still many problems to be solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语时的四种情况
(1)用于feel，find，hear，notice，see，smell，observe，watch，think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
When he woke up, he found himself surrounded by a group of children.
醒来的时候，他发现自己被一群孩子围绕着。
(2)用于get，have，make，keep，leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。
Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一个在短时间内提高她的英语写作水平的好方法。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们设法用很简单的英语来使自己被理解。
(3)用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。
With most of his time wasted in playing basketball, he failed in the exam.
由于大部分时间都浪费在打篮球上，他考试没及格。
(4)用于wish，want，would like，expect，order等表示“意愿”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。
I would like the problem settled at the meeting.
我想要在会议上解决这个问题。
[即学即练2]——单句语法填空
①When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
②He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested(interest) in his lectures.
③I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed(fix) on the book.
④When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded(surround) by some doctors and nurses.
2. 过去分词、现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语时的区别
非谓语动词 作宾语补足语时的意义
过去分词 表示被动(宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者)和动作已完成
现在分词 表示主动(宾语是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者)和动作正在进行
不定式 表示动作还未发生
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语口语。
With a lot of difficult problems to deal with, the newly-elected president was in a dilemma.
有很多棘手的问题要解决，这位新当选的总统处于进退两难的境地。
[即学即练3]——单句语法填空
①When I got into the office, I found Mr. Green buried(bury) in his work, without noticing my arrival.
②While walking along the street, I heard my name called(call).
③While walking along the street, I heard him calling (call) my name.
1．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
[练透]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①He was charged(charge)with stealing a car last week, which puzzled all of us.
②I parked my car in the garage, where I could get my battery charged(charge).
③I want to know how much you will charge me for the course.
④她将负责星期六在学校礼堂举行的中国音乐会。
→She will take charge of / be in charge of the Chinese music concert to be held in the school hall on Saturday.
→The Chinese music concert to be held in the school hall on Saturday will be in the charge of her．
(1)free of charge 免费
in charge (of) 负责，主管
in the charge of 由……负责；主管
take charge of 负责；主管
(2)charge sb for... 因……收某人的费
charge sb with... 指控某人……
2．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称 ( announcement n．宣布；声称)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He said the lucky woman would be announced(announce) on the website and the trip would be shared online.
②Our monitor announced to our class that an English Song Singing Competition would be held in the school.
③据通告， 一名新校长将会被任命来负责这所新学校。
It is announced that a new headmaster will be appointed in charge of the new school.
(1)announce sth to sb＝announce to sb sth 向某人宣布某事
It's announced that... 据宣布……
(2)make an announcement 发布宣告或通知
3.amount n．金额；数量
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①A large amount of money was(be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week.
②Large amounts of money were(be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week.
③我有大量的教学经验，适合做这项志愿者工作。
Having a large amount of/large amounts of teaching experience，I am suitable for the voluntary job.
the amount of... ……的数量
a large/small amount of 大量的/少量的(修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数)
large/small amounts of 大量的/少量的(修饰不可数名词，谓语用复数)
4．approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
① Disappointed and tired, he was eager to find an approach to getting (get) to the camp.
②Approaching(approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
③ All the approaches to the airport were cut off because of the heavy snow.
④当大卫接近终点线时，所有的跑步者都为他加油。
As David approached the finish line, all the runners cheered him on. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)
[指津] 不同“方法”表达荟萃：the approach to (doing) sth ；the way to do/of (doing) sth ；the means of (doing) sth ；the method of (doing) sth
(1)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 临近；靠近
(2)(an) approach to 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法/途径
at the approach of... 在快到……的时候
5．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的( generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①She herself lived a simple life，but she was so generous to the people in need of help.
②You must be careful because somebody may try to make use of your generosity(generous).
③没有你慷慨的支持和耐心的指导，我们不会取得这么大的成功。
Without your generous support and patient guidance, we wouldn't have achieved such great success.
be generous to sb 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth 在某方面大方
It's generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事很慷慨。
——————————· 课堂微练·题题过 ·——————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With all the tasks finished(finish) ahead of time, he decided to set out on his travel.
2．Michael put up a picture beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams.
3．The surprised(surprise) expression on his face suggested that he knew nothing about the matter.
4．You'd better have your body examined(examine) if you are free.
5．The scientist attended the meeting held(hold) in the Great Hall of the People.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．课后，学生们会得到老师发送给他们的作业。
After class, students will get/have their homework sent to them by the teacher.
2．因为这个活动旨在帮助更多的人了解我们家乡的美，所以欢迎对这个活动感兴趣的所有人(参加)。
Since this event aims to help more people learn about the beauty of our hometown, everyone interested in it is welcome.
3．如果你能给我建议一个可以在短时间内让英语提高的方法，我将不胜感激。
I'd appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to get my English improved in a short period of time.
4．我们已经收到了贵校捐赠的英语书。
We have already received the English books donated by your school．
5．那时，我还说着蹩脚的英语，但是我可以让别人理解我的意思。
By that time, I was still speaking broken English but I could make myself understood．
课时规范训练(三)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If you want to make yourself respected(respect)，you are above all to respect yourself.
2．With time going(go) by，I grew increasingly interested in everything to do with nature.
3．The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made(make) by the customers.
4．Last week, I attended the opening ceremony designed(design) for Senior Three students in our school.
5．In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used(use) in daily conversations.
6．I am writing to tell you some interesting things about the sports meeting held(hold) last month.
7．The activity，organised(organise) by the Students' Union, attracted all Senior One students.
8．The play named(name) The Million Pound Bank Note will be on in the school lecture hall.
9．I'm sorry for having kept you waiting(wait) for such a long time.Let's talk about your problem now.
10．I once found my cellphone missing(miss) during my stay in the city.
11．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
12．Today, there are many people visiting(visit) the park every day.
13．The yoga club，opened(open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers.
14．Last night he told me about the amazing news in a surprised(surprise) voice.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．第二天，穿着新衣服的人们将去拜访朋友，给他们送去美好祝愿。
Next day, people dressed in new clothes will go to visit friends，wishing them good luck.
2．上周六，一些学生参加了学生会组织的一个活动。
Last Saturday, some students took part in an activity organised by the Student Union．
3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在火车上被人偷了。
To his surprise, he didn't notice his wallet stolen on the train.
4．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的戒指丢了，很恼火。
The young lady was quite annoyed to find her valuable ring lost．
5．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。
The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter taken good care of in the new nursery．
Ⅲ.用过去分词作定语或宾语补足语完成下面的短文
Last week, I served as a volunteer at a competition 1.held by the Student Union(由学生会举办的) to 2.have my communication skills improved(提高我的交流技能).3.The judges invited(被邀请的裁判)were from Grade Three.4.All students interested(所有感兴趣的同学) were allowed to attend the competition.5.With all preparation work done(所有的准备工作完成后), the competition went on smoothly.At last, the competition was very successful, and we were all happy to 6.see our efforts recognised (看到我们的努力被认可)by students and teachers.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A visit to Cheshire isn't complete without a trip to the UK's number one zoo. Chester Zoo is home to over 27，000 endangered animals based in beautiful, award-winning zoological gardens. With over 500 different animal species in the 125 acres (英亩), you're sure to have a great day out full of adventure—discovering and learning more about the unbelievable animals and plants.
There's a huge variety of special events and playful experiences throughout the year, as well as daily animal talks to make sure that your day is full of excitement! There's always something new at Chester Zoo and this summer is no exception.Get ready to come face to face with the most fearsome creatures of the prehistoric world！Explore the new Madagascar habitat that is home to impressive wildlife found nowhere else on Earth.Discover and get closer to uncommon animals in the unbelievable habitat.
Make a meal of your visit and stop for a bite at one of the many restaurants, cafes located throughout the zoo or let the kids run wild in one of the play areas.For a truly unique dining experience, the Oakfield is not to be missed.The newly refurbished (再装修的) award-winning pub serves freshly prepared and locally sourced food and drink every day.
Plus if you book online and more than seven days in advance of your trip，you'll save up to ￡4 per ticket compared with the price you'll pay at the zoo on the day. So what are you waiting for？Book your tickets today at www.chesterzoo.org.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国切斯特动物园的一些细节，并且建议读者去柴郡参观时， 一定不要错过英国一流的切斯特动物园。
1．What do we know about Chester Zoo from the first paragraph
A．It owns many endangered animals.
B．It is dangerous for visitors.
C．It is freshly decorated.
D．It is the largest zoo in the UK.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Chester Zoo is home to over 27，000 endangered animals ”可知，切斯特动物园中有许多濒临灭绝的动物。
2．What impresses visitors most in Madagascar habitat
A．Unique plants.
B．Uncommon wildlife.
C．Animal talks.
D．Special events.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Explore the new Madagascar habitat that is home to impressive wildlife found nowhere else on Earth.Discover and get closer to uncommon animals”可知，马达加斯加栖息地给游客留下最深印象的是罕见的野生动物。
3．What can you do in the Oakfield
A．Get close to wild animals.
B．Play wild with your kids.
C．Enjoy drinking for free.
D．Have a good taste of food.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“For a truly unique dining experience, the Oakfield is not to be missed.The newly refurbished (再装修的)award-winning pub serves freshly prepared and locally sourced food and drink every day.”可推知，在奥克菲尔德可以有独特的用餐体验，可以品尝美味的食物。
4．What is the writer's purpose in writing the text
A．To list some unique animals.
B．To show her own experience.
C．To attract people to the zoo.
D．To ask people to protect wildlife.
解析：C 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一段中“So what are you waiting for？Book your tickets today at www.chesterzoo.org.”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是吸引人们去参观切斯特动物园。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The word “emoji” comes from Japanese，literally meaning “picture character”．__1__ They come in different categories，such as faces and people，plants and animals，and food and drink.
When first introduced in Japan in 1999，emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.Now there are more than 3，000 emojis.Due to their popularity，the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015 was a pictograph instead of a traditional word.
In today's world，emojis have become more and more popular.__2__ People like them because they add emotional meanings，and are quick and easy to use.With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post，your reader can “see” your facial expression while reading your words.
__3__ For instance，if your friend is moving across the country，you may just send them a string of crying faces to express your sadness over your separation.
__4__ A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeak and emojis.The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers.Some people，however，believe that these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare's plays.
As we can see，emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place.Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way we communicate and express ourselves.But this makes others，especially educators，worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word，or even the spoken word.After all，how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call？__5__ On that day，emojis will have become a real pictorial “language”．But，for now，maybe it's best that we just enjoy using them.
A．Maybe emojis' best days are ahead.
B．The most popular emojis are absolute classics.
C．The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature.
D.Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures.
E．It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language.
F．Emojis are small symbols representing ideas，emotions or feelings.
G．Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they can't find the appropriate words.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了单词“emoji”的来源，它的含义以及使用范围。随着越来越多的人开始喜欢使用表情符号，有人认为它对交流有好处，有人则认为表情符号会降低人们的语言技能。
1．解析：F 上文“The word ‘emoji’ comes from Japanese，literally meaning ‘picture character’．”说明“emoji”的来源以及含义，与空处是递进关系，表情符号是一种代表思想、情绪或感觉的小符号，进一步阐述了“emoji”的含义。故选F。
2．解析：E 下文“With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post，your reader can ‘see’your facial expression while reading your words.”说明在书面语言上使用了表情符号，人们更容易读到书写人的面部表情，与空处为递进关系，表明表情符号似乎比书面语言更有明显的优势。故选E。
3．解析：G 上文“With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post，your reader can ‘see’your facial expression while reading your words.”说明表情符号相比书面语言有明显的优势，下文“For instance，if your friend is moving across the country，you may just send them a string of crying faces to express your sadness over your separation.”说明当人们找不到合适的词语表达的时候，可以借助表情符号。G项承上启下，说明表情符号还可以帮助人们表达情感。故选G。
4．解析：C 下文“A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeak and emojis.The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers.”说明古典文学中使用了表情符号，C项中“classical”与下文一致，说明表情符号的使用甚至蔓延到了古典文学中，切合题意。故选C。
5．解析：D 上文“After all，how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call？”说明人们现在习惯于发送表情符号短信，下文“On that day，emojis will have become a real pictorial ‘language’．”说明表情符号未来将成为真正的图形“语言”，D项中“pictures”是关键词，与下文“pictorial”相呼应，说明也许有一天人们会选择用图片来交流。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today and what we pass on to future generations.Traditional art form continues to raise passion 1.________appreciation for its fine craftsmanship (手 艺).The Year of the Dragon has brought extra energy into the rich heritage of dragon dances across 2.________country.
At the beginning, dragon dances 3.________(perform) to pray for rain.With the rising popularity of various folk dramas, dragon dances 4.________(gradual) developed from temple rituals to folk customs to give thanks for good fortune.Over time，the dance has further separated into performance 5.________(carry) special local characteristics, adding excitement to modern 6.________(celebration).
Zhang Fanshen，7.________has practiced the dragon dance for several decades, led a team in a performance of Banban Dragon Lantern, a national intangible cultural heritage, last Friday.So far, Zhang's organization 8.________(attract) more than 1，100 performers from villages in the county and training sessions have been staged at schools.
More and more people have fallen in love 9.________the great traditional culture of China, and this is what Chinese people want 10.________(share) with other countries around the world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统的舞龙。从祈雨仪式演变为感谢好运的民俗，舞龙分化出地方特色，丰富了现代庆祝活动，吸引更多人爱上中国文化。
1．解析：and 考查连词。句子中需要连接两个并列的名词passion和appreciation，因此需要使用并列连词and连接。故填and。
2．解析：the 考查冠词。across the country“在全国各地”，为固定短语。故填the。
3．解析：were performed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据At the beginning可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且dragon dances与perform“表演”为被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were performed。
4．解析：gradually 考查副词。句子中需要用副词修饰动词developed，表示“逐渐发展”。而gradual是形容词，表示“逐渐的”，其副词形式为gradually“逐渐地”。故填gradually。
5．解析：carrying 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为has separated into，此处为非谓语动词，且carry“携带，具有”与performance之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该使用现在分词形式carrying，作定语。故填carrying。
6．解析：celebrations 考查名词复数。celebration是可数名词，表示“庆祝活动”，因此需要使用复数形式celebrations，作to的宾语。故填celebrations。
7．解析：who 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Zhang Fanshen，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
8．解析：has attracted 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句意和句中So far可知，attract“吸引”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语organization 是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has attracted。
9．解析：with 考查介词。固定短语fall in love with表示“爱上”，其中with是介词。故填with。
10．解析：to share 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth 表示“想要做某事”，因此需要使用share“分享”的不定式to share，作want的宾语。故填to share。阶段测评(四)
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题； 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Join our Youth Winter Camp in China and experience Chinese culture. You can make new friends from all over the world. Besides, you can improve your Chinese, take part in cultural activities, and visit Beijing or Shanghai in a safe environment.
Chinese Classes
Our Winter Camp students will join in small group Chinese classes from 9：00－12：00, Monday to Friday during the camp. Students will improve speaking skills in day-to-day situations, giving them the chance to learn useful phrases for their trips around the city.
Trips and Cultural Activities
After Chinese classes in the morning, students will take part in cultural activities through which they'll learn more about the local culture. Students will join in a total of 18 different activities, including: trips to historical and tourist sights of Beijing, such as the Great Wall and the Summer Palace；lectures about living, studying and working in China; cultural activities organized by the school, such as Chinese opera and calligraphy.
Prices and Dates
If you want to join our Winter Camp, you must be aged between 14－17. You will need to arrive in the city at least 1 day before the start of the camp. All students will move into the Winter Camp accommodation on the first day of the program. The dates and prices are as below：
Jan. 5th－Jan. 25th, Beijing.
Price：￡1，980/person
You can apply for our Winter Camp either on your own or in a group：
●For groups of 5 people or more, the price is ￡1，900/person.
●For groups of 10 people or more, the price is ￡1，700/person.
Click
http：//www. /wintercamp for more information (English only).
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍参加青年冬令营的活动内容、时间、费用和如何申请参加冬令营。
1．What will students do on weekday mornings during the Winter Camp
A．Have Chinese lessons.
B．Learn Chinese opera.
C.Visit historical sites.
D．Study English.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据Chinese Classes中的“Our Winter Camp students will join in small group Chinese classes from 9：00－12：00，Monday to Friday during the camp.”可知， 学生们在工作日的上午是上汉语课。
2．How long will the Winter Camp last
A．A week. B．Ten days.
C．Two weeks. D．Twenty-one days.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据Prices and Dates中的“Jan. 5th—Jan. 25th, Beijing.”可知，活动持续21天。
3．Whom is this passage most probably intended for
A．Students who want to improve their Chinese exam scores.
B．Teachers of Chinese who aim to improve their teaching.
C．Foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture.
D．Travellers who are enthusiastic about camping in China.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Join our Youth Winter Camp in China and experience Chinese culture. You can make new friends from all over the world. Besides，you can improve your Chinese，take part in cultural activities ...”可知， 这个冬令营主要针对想了解中国文化， 提高汉语的外国学生。
B
My passion for the field of dietetics (营养学) started at a very young age.Ever since I can remember, I have been dreaming of becoming a pastry chef.
I grew up being part of various sports teams.As I grew older, I noticed how food influenced my performance as an athlete.I started reading more about nutrition and signed up for an introductory nutrition course during my first year of college.
However, I noticed when I entered my dietetics classes, that I looked quite different from most students.I was the only ethnically diverse student in my classes.
My mum was born in Austria and my father in Iran.They met in Austria and moved to the USA before my brother and I were born.They exposed us to their own traditional cultural foods, and I grew up eating a fusion of Iranian and Austrian dishes.
I remember never having a taste for school cafeteria food, so I always requested my mum pack me lunch.She would pack me leftovers from dinner, such as a kuku sabzi, a Persian egg and herb frittata, or schnitzel with dartoffelsalat, a customary Austrian dish of fried breaded chicken.At times, I felt embarrassed about my meals, and would hide these from my peers to avoid the horrible question of, “Ew, what is that？” However, over time, and once I became a qualified RD (注册营养师), I realized my unique background allowed me to connect more deeply with others from different cultures.
I encouraged my clients to share what they grew up eating and what foods were customary to their unique upbringing.I developed nutrition recommendations for my clients that included traditional staples from their heritage culture.These experiences and my dual heritage background empowered me to encourage my clients and other RDs to proudly share their unique cultural foods, to stop feeling embarrassed, but instead embrace our differences and increase cultural awareness in the field of dietetics.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者独特的家庭文化背景成就了他自小的梦想——注册营养师。作者希望通过他的成长经历，激励人们拥抱多元文化，在营养学领域增强文化融合的意识。
4．What led the author to take the nutrition course in his college
A．His dream of being a pastry chef as a child.
B．His poverty in essential nutrition for health.
C．His thirst for dietetics knowledge all his life.
D．His awareness of the influence of food on health.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，对食物对人体的影响的认识促使作者在大学里选修了营养学课程。
5．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The author's favourite dishes.
B．The author's mixed identities.
C．The author's memory of his parents.
D．The author's culture tendency.
解析：B 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，第四段主要介绍的是作者的复杂身份。故选B项。
6．Why was the author afraid of being questioned about his meals
A．His meals were supplied free by his school.
B．His meals looked different and strange from his school's.
C．His meals were most likely to be bad to taste.
D．His meals took his mum much time to make.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She would pack me leftovers from dinner, such as a kuku sabzi ...to avoid the horrible question of, ‘Ew, what is that？’”可知，作者在求学期间，总是从家自带午餐到校。受家庭文化背景的影响，作者的午餐有着浓浓的异域特色，这与学校的食物相比，看起来奇特怪异，因此作者害怕同学们询问午餐的事，因为在同学们的眼里，作者是“另类”。可推知，作者害怕被问及他的饮食是因为他的饭菜看起来和学校的很不一样。故选B项。
7．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To criticize people's cultural prejudice.
B．To share his unique growth experiences.
C．To encourage embracing cultural diversity.
D．To reveal his complex family composition.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段并结合文章大意可知，作者希望通过他的成长经历，激励人们拥抱多元文化，在营养学领域增强文化融合的意识。故作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励拥抱文化多样性。故选C项。
C
The Cool Taxi is a Hackney Carriage that was changed into a freezer on wheels, using dry ice to keep the inside cool for passengers. It has a number of features designed to keep riders cool, including a freezer filled with ice-lollies and a state-of-the-art air conditioning system.
A spokesperson for Andrews Air Conditioning said, “Britain has become a hot country, and the British are feeling the heat. For commuters there is nothing worse on a hot day than getting into a hot taxi，so we wanted to help to avoid this experience with the Cool Taxi.”
Cool Taxi driver Tony, who has driven a taxi for 11 years, said, “I have done 10 London summers in the taxi and I know you need some good air conditioning. It would be impossible to work without it. You need to keep cool and stay hydrated (含水的), and sometimes in a typical taxi this is difficult to keep.”
Elizabeth Ann Iliffe, who was paying a visit to London from the South East, said, “It is amazing. It feels just like a scene from Frozen. It's nice to step in just for a few minutes to have a break from the heat and cool off.”
The Cool Taxi is running for a limited time at present time.However, it has proved popular with passengers and could be considered for full-time operation across the summer months in the future.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。 作者通过这篇文章主要向读者描述了伦敦推出的凉爽出租车， 给市民带来更好的体验。
8．What can we learn from what the spokesperson said in Paragraph 2
A．He finds it hard to keep the taxi well air-conditioned.
B．He thinks it impossible to provide good air-conditioning.
C．He is used to driving taxis in hot summer for a long time.
D．He will try his best to improve the conditions of the taxi.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中spokesperson的话“...so we wanted to help to avoid this experience with the Cool Taxi.”可判断出，他将尽最大努力改善出租车的条件。故选D项。
9．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Having a break.
B．Taking the Cool Taxi.
C．A scene from Frozen.
D．Her journey in London.
解析：B 代词指代题。根据文章第四段可知， 伊丽莎白·安·伊利菲说： “这真是太棒了， 感觉就像《冰雪奇缘》中的场景”。由此推知， 画线词在此指代“乘坐凉爽出租车”。故选B项。
10．What is the text mainly about
A．The popularity of London's taxis.
B．The future of taxi industry in London.
C．London's Cool Taxi filled with dry ice.
D．The management of the Cool Taxi in London.
解析：C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句可知， 凉爽出租车是一辆哈克尼马车， 被改造成一个带轮子的冰箱， 使用干冰为乘客保持内部凉爽。本文主要是介绍装有干冰的凉爽出租车。故选C项。
11．We can infer from the passage that the author is______ about the future of Cool Taxi.
A．pessimistic B．optimistic
C．uncertain D．careful
解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，已经证明凉爽出租车在乘客中很受欢迎， 可以考虑在接下来的整个夏天的几个月里进行全时运营。由此判断出， 作者对凉爽出租车的未来是持乐观的态度。故选B项。
D
In Oaxaca, Mexico, there is a special festival on December 23 called la Noche de Rábanos, or the Night of the Radishes(萝卜). Every year, artists from all over the country show their amazing radish sculptures. The artists work very hard, since the winner receives money and becomes champion. On the day, locals and tourists line up starting in the afternoon to see the sculptures.
More than one hundred years ago, there was a market on December 23 called la Vigila de Navidad. It was a special market with decorations. It's said that local businessmen at this market used to carve radishes as decorations. The carved radishes became very popular, and people started to buy them and take them home.
Now, you might be thinking, “Why radishes？” Probably because there are lots of radishes at this time of year. Also, their red and white colours are perfect for making designs. Over the years, people started to compete to see who could make the best sculptures. Finally that tradition has become today's yearly festival, which brings tourists from all over the world.
Every year people are excited to see what designs the artists will create. There are two types of sculptures: traditional designs and free designs. The traditional designs are related to festivals, or designs related to Oaxaca. The free designs can be anything.
As you walk through the radish art, you'll hear live music, and you can even see the fireworks at the end. Close by there is delicious street food, markets, and many stores.
If you want to travel for winter holiday, Oaxaca is an excellent place to visit. There are lots of different events along with la Noche de Rábanos. The weather in December is usually warm, and the sky is often sunny.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了墨西哥瓦哈卡州萝卜节的起源和节日盛况。
12．What can we know about la Noche de Rábanos
A．It is a new radish.
B．It has a history of over 100 years.
C．It is an old market.
D．It falls in November.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“In Oaxaca, Mexico, there is a special festival on December 23 called la Noche de Rábanos, or the Night of the Radishes(萝卜).”及第二段中“More than one hundred years ago, there was a market on December 23 called la Vigila de Navidad.”及第三段中“Finally that tradition has become today's yearly festival, which brings tourists from all over the world.”可推断，la Noche de Rábanos是由100多年前的集市演变来的节日，说明它有100多年的历史。故选B项。
13．What makes radishes perfect for creating designs
A．Their leaves. B．Their tastes.
C．Their colours. D．Their shapes.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Also, their red and white colours are perfect for making designs.”可知，萝卜的颜色使得其适宜雕刻设计。故选C项。
14．What can people do at the radish events
A．Attend artists' lectures.
B．Enjoy the fireworks.
C．Plant some radishes.
D．Take any radish for free.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“As you walk through the radish art, you'll hear live music, and you can even see the fireworks at the end.”可知，人们在萝卜节可以欣赏烟花。 故选B项。
15．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce a festival.
B．To remember an artist.
C．To share his work experience.
D．To show his love for radishes.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In Oaxaca, Mexico, there is a special festival on December 23 called la Noche de Rábanos, or the Night of the Radishes(萝卜). ”可知，本文旨在介绍墨西哥瓦哈卡州萝卜节——la Noche de Rábanos。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Street Eats
When it comes to running a restaurant, the three most important factors are location, location, and location! __16__ These mobile restaurants can sell food at the busiest corners in a city without paying the high cost of renting a permanent space.They set up early in the morning and sell their food over a tiny counter or through a window.__17__ However, mobile food vendors are not a new idea.In fact, they have been around for thousands of years.
Nearly two thousand years ago, the streets of Rome were filled with food carts selling all types of meals, from sweets and snacks to hearty dinners.__18__ Many did not have ovens, which made preparing a hot meal at home impossible.So instead, ancient Romans bought their food on the street.They ate and socialized with their neighbours, strengthening the community and helping the local economy at the same time.
Ancient Greece had food carts too.__19__ In Sparta, people ate meals of porridge or soup on the go.
Mobile food vendors also have a long history in Southeast Asia.In Indonesia and Malaysia, food sellers of the late nineteenth century carried their mini-restaurants on their backs! These mini-restaurants were made up of a stove, two stools, and a small table.__20__．
The success of mobile food vendors lies in their ability to adapt to the needs of modern society.They provide a fast and convenient dining option for those on the go, while also offering a unique and authentic dining experience.As the world continues to urbanize and become more mobile, it's likely that mobile food vendors will continue to thrive and evolve.
A．That is what makes food carts such a clever idea.
B．Food carts could bring vendors handsome incomes.
C．Vendors with wooden carts sold fried fish to the people of Athens.
D．The people of Rome lived in tiny homes without much space to cook.
E．At the end of the day, they are packed up and pulled away by a car or truck.
F．Street eats often remind you of the good times you spend with your friends.
G．They could be put together and carried here and there in search of customers.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍流动食品摊贩的历史。
16．解析：A 由下文“These mobile restaurants can sell food at the busiest corners in a city without paying the high cost of renting a permanent space.”可知，这里主要介绍移动餐厅的优点。而A项符合语境，选项中的“food carts”与下文“mobile restaurants”对应，有启下作用。故选A项。
17．解析：E 由上文“They set up early in the morning and sell their food over a tiny counter or through a window.”可知，这里描述流动食品摊贩早上开始的情况。而E项符合语境，描述流动食品摊贩结束的情况，选项中的“At the end of the day”与上文“in the morning”对应，有承上作用。故选E项。
18．解析：D 由上文可知，这里描述2000年前罗马流动食品摊贩情况。D项符合语境，也是在描述当时罗马流动食品摊贩情况，有承上启下作用。故选D项。
19．解析：C 由上文“Ancient Greece had food carts too.”可知，这里描述古希腊流动食品摊贩情况。C项符合语境，选项中的Athens与上文“Ancient Greece”对应，有承上作用。故选C项。
20．解析：G 由上文可知，这里主要介绍流动食品摊贩在东南亚的历史。G项符合语境，选项中的They代指上文“These mini-restaurants”，有承上作用。故选G项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Money doesn't grow on trees，as the saying goes，and learning how to spend money wisely is a valuable lesson we should all learn when we are young.In China，a growing number of young individuals are embracing this__21__ and finding that being frugal (节俭的) can be both rewarding and __22__．
Young individuals in China are actively engaging with__23__ responsibility by sharing their budget-friendly strategies and smart shopping advice across various digital platforms.Known as “koukouzu” or the “Frugal Tribe，” they __24__ against impulsive (冲动的) spending on luxury brands or frequent __25__ of trendy bubble tea.They would rather save up for good quality clothes that will last a long time，instead of some cheaply made fast-fashion __26__．To resist the temptation of impulse buying，some have chosen to __27__ shopping applications from their devices.These frugal __28__ have also banded together to form online communities，with one net group boasting a membership of 600，000，where members __29__ ideas and support each other in their journey towards financial freedom.
Saving cash through the purchase of used goods is a strategy adopted by many who __30__ that second-hand does not always mean second rate.__31__，I once bought a pair of __32__ worn shoes of a British brand with a regular price tag of $1，200，for a mere $100.What a __33__！ Moreover，choosing second-hand items supports environmental conservation by giving new life to objects that would otherwise __34__ in landfills，reducing waste and promoting reuse.
Frugality，__35__ in Chinese culture since Confucius，is a virtue.Yet，the joy of bargain hunting adds a modern twist to this ancient wisdom.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课。在中国，越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则，并发现节俭既有益又令人愉快。
21．A.version B．restriction
C．principle D．presentation
解析：C 上文“Money doesn't grow on trees”以及“learning how to spend money wisely is a valuable lesson we should all learn when we are young”提到如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课，由此可知，此处应表示越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则。
22．A.available B．enjoyable
C．demanding D．incredible
解析：B 根据句意以及上文“can be both rewarding”可知，此处应表示节俭既有益又令人愉快。
23．A.invisible B．valuable
C．friendly D．financial
解析：D 根据上文提到的如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课，以及下文“by sharing their budget-friendly strategies”可知，此处应表示中国的年轻人应该积极承担起财务责任。
24．A.advocate B．intend
C．indicate D．pretend
解析：A 根据下文“...against impulsive (冲动的) spending on luxury brands”可知，此处应表示他们并不倡导冲动消费。
25．A.visits B．creations
C．purchases D．celebrations
解析：C 根据上文提到的反对冲动消费奢侈品牌，以及下文“trendy bubble tea”可知，此处应表示反对频繁购买时髦的珍珠茶。
26．A.items B．shoes
C．pants D．hats
解析：A 根据上文“They would rather save up for good quality clothes”可知，此处应表示不愿买廉价的物品。
27．A.download B．remove
C．advertise D．update
解析：B 根据上文“To resist the temptation of impulse buying”以及下文“shopping applications”可知，此处应表示一些人选择从他们的设备中删除购物应用程序。
28．A.assistants B．operators
C．pessimists D．enthusiasts
解析：D 根据句意以及下文“have also banded together to form online communities”可知，此处应表示这些节俭爱好者还联合起来组成了网络社区，其中一个网络小组拥有60万成员，在那里，成员们在走向财务自由的道路上交换意见，相互支持。
29．A.exchange B．perform
C．polish D．presume
解析：A 参见上题解析。
30．A.mean B．forbid
C．resume D．recognize
解析：D 根据下文“that second-hand does not always mean second rate”可知，此处应表示他们认识到二手并不总是意味着次品。
31．A.Above all B．For instance
C．In turn D．On average
解析：B 根据下文“I once bought a pair of ________ worn shoes”可知，此处应表示为列举出的例子。
32．A.barely B．badly
C．deadly D．totally
解析：A 根据上文提到的他们认识到二手并不总是意味着次品，以及下文“a British brand with a regular price tag of $1，200，for a mere $100”可知，此处应表示花了100美元买了一双几乎没有穿过的鞋。
33．A.day B．bargain
C．pity D．shame
解析：B 根据上文“a British brand with a regular price tag of $1，200，for a mere $100”可知，此处应表示这是非常便宜的商品。
34．A.make up B．turn up
C．bring up D．end up
解析：D 根据句意以及下文“in landfills”可知，此处应表示它给那些最终会被扔进垃圾填埋场的物品赋予了新的生命。
35．A.rooted B．originated
C．lived D．spotted
解析：A 根据句意以及下文“in Chinese culture since Confucius”可知，此处应表示节俭是一种美德，自孔子以来就植根于中国文化。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Using Needles to Help Life's Energy Flow
For thousands of years, the Chinese have relieved pain and cured disease through acupuncture (针灸).36.________ (evolve) from the discovery that using stone needles to prick specific points on the surface of the body could relieve pain and symptoms, acupuncture has become 37.________integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, in line with the philosophy that promotes the harmonious coexistence of humans with nature.
According to Records of the Grand Historian, 38.________ (write) by Sima Qian about 2，100 years ago, Bian Que, a highly skilled 39.________(physical) during the Warring States Period (475－221 BC), was famous for having saved a prince from “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint on the head of the unconscious man.
According to TCM (中医), there are a dozen meridians (经脉) in the human body，40.________the qi, or life energy, circulates to nourish the organs.Cold, infections or diseases can result in blocking of the energy, and so stimulating the acupoints can unblock stagnant (不流动的) qi, restore normal circulation and improve health.Today, acupuncture is still 41.________(wide) used in China.
In 2010, UNESCO inscribed acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.Yet, the practice is not just cultural and historical，42.________a medical technique widely used and researched today.
For years，43.________the clear therapeutic effects of acupuncture in treating many diseases, there were few convincing studies that explained how acupoint stimulation worked, or what meridians were anatomically speaking, so the technique always seemed somewhat 44.________(mystery).
However, as scientific research of acupuncture 45.________(grow) in recent years, producing good quality results, the technique is gaining traction around the world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中医针灸，包括其历史起源、理念、原理以及近年来的发展等。
36．解析：Evolving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作状语，对acupuncture作补充说明，evolve和acupuncture逻辑上是主动关系，应用evolve的现在分词形式，且空处位于句首，evolving的首字母需大写。
37．解析：an 考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且integral的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。
38．解析：written 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作Records of the Grand Historian的后置定语，是非谓语动词，write和Records of the Grand Historian逻辑上是被动关系，应用write的过去分词形式。
39．解析：physician 考查名词。分析句子可知，空处作句子的主语，结合“a highly skilled”可知，名词physician“医生”符合题意，需用单数形式。
40．解析：where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词meridians作补充说明，关系词替代先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。
41．解析：widely 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词used，wide的副词形式widely符合题意，意为“广泛地”。
42．解析：but 考查连词。根据“not just”可推知，此处用固定句型not just...but...表示“不仅……而且……”。
43．解析：despite 考查介词。此处提及针灸有一些明显的疗效，但缺少令人信服的研究，前后有让步关系，且空后为名词短语，因此用意为“尽管，即使”的介词despite。
44．解析：mysterious 考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处作seemed的表语，mystery的形容词形式mysterious符合题意，意为“神秘的”。
45．解析：has grown 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作as引导的从句的谓语，时间状语为in recent years，时态应用现在完成时，且主语research不可数，助动词用has。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom来信说他计划到你所在的城市旅游，想品尝当地的美食。请你给他写一封回信，要点如下：
1．推荐一家餐馆，名称：好客饭店；
2．推荐几道饭店的特色菜；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
Glad to hear that you will pay a visit to my city and want to taste some specialties, I'm writing to give you some recommendations.
To taste the genuine local food, you can't miss HaoKe restaurant, which offers various delicacies to choose from. My top recommendation is undoubtedly Steamed Wuchang Fish because it enjoys great popularity in both the locals and foreigners. Beggars Chicken and Dongpo Pork are also worth a try, both of which date back to hundreds of years ago.
I sincerely hope you will like the dishes recommended above. Have a good trip!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I used to be a lonely girl sitting at the back of the classroom.Having failed the college entrance exams and changed schools twice，I seldom smiled.Every day I would sit at the desk，staring into textbooks and exercises，motionless and heavy-hearted.However，my classmates were in a different picture.They were playing，laughing and chatting delightedly.Besides，I hated it when they were always answering the teachers' questions，loudly and confidently.Obviously，I had no friends in this fiercely competitive class.
Life is harder for senior students.Hardly does a day go by without exercises or tests.Every time when the scores came out mine wouldn't be the first or second but last.I was especially tired of the endless exercises and exams，which I seemingly would never do well in.I was under a lot of pressure，feeling like a fish being fried in a pan.
Hanging over me was a dark cloud.The only dim light came from Mr.Smith.Every time I stepped into the classroom，he welcomed me with a warm smile; every time my gaze began to wander over the classroom or stare out of the window，his caring eyes would draw me back to his class.Besides，he was the only teacher who invited me to the office，talking about my studies and scores.I remembered when I came out of his office，I felt refreshed believing that I could work harder.
I was feeling everything was changing for the better.I prepared hard for the final exam of the first semester，desiring to prove that I was not the last one.So before Mr.Smith told us the test result，I was expecting something good in store for me.
But I was still the last one in the class.A burst of sadness and shame consuming me，I was heartbroken.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Right at that moment，Mr.Smith invited me to his office._________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Finally，the college admission letter came.____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Right at that moment，Mr.Smith invited me to his office.Hesitantly，I walked into the office.Mr.Smith greeted me with a smile.As he began talking，not about my grades or mistakes，but about my potential and perseverance，it became apparent that this talk was totally a different one.He didn't blame me.Instead，he praised my resilience and determination.He encouraged me to embrace my struggles，reminding me that success was never a straight path.In his eyes，I could see his belief in me，and I knew I should never quit.
Finally，the college admission letter came.I held it in my shaking hands，doubting whether I was in a world of fantasy.But as I opened the envelope，I couldn't believe my eyes.Despite all the odds，I got admitted! I stared at the letter in disbelief for a long time.It felt like the dawn after a seemingly endless night，a reward for the perseverance I didn't know I had until Mr.Smith showed me.Tears welling up in my eyes.Mr.Smith might never know how much his encouragement might mean to me in my toughest time.Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing
Task Ⅰ 文本微观剖析——细节探究
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Why has Ireland produced many great writers and poets
A．The people there are all good at writing.
B．The beautiful countryside gives them inspiration.
C．The modern industry makes them free from labor(劳动).
D．The education system there is advanced.
2．Ireland has developed its strong traditions that include________．
A．songs B．dancing
C．food D．all the above
3．According to the passage, on a quiet morning in the mountains, you can hear________．
A．the song of the birds
B．the roar of the ocean waves
C．the cries of the seabirds
D．the traditional music played everywhere
4．________ is the best place to experience the traditional music of Ireland.
A．A local museum
B．A small town
C．A village pub
D．A small studio
答案：1～4 BDAC
Task Ⅱ 课文语法填空
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always influenced its people and traditions.In its long history, the country 1.________(produce)many great writers and poets, for its beautiful countryside gives people excitement and 2.________(inspire).
The peaceful landscape of the island and its many green 3.________(county) is a true feast for the eyes with its rolling green hills 4.________(dot) with sheep and cattle.And down by the sea, one can also hear the roar of the ocean waves 5.________cries of the seabirds.On a quiet morning in the mountains, you can feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day 6.________their morning song.With all this beauty, 7.________is not surprising that Ireland has developed many strong traditions 8.________ include music，dancing, and dining.
If you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some 9.________(tradition) music and dancing there.And if you introduce yourself to a friendly local person, you are more likely 10.________(experience) local culture and customs first-hand.
答案：1.has produced 2.inspiration
3．counties 4.dotted 5.and 6.with 7.it
8．that/which 9.traditional 10.to experience
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
1．eager adj.热切的；渴望的( eagerness n．热切，渴望)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I am eager for your advice on how to adapt to the new surroundings quickly.
②If you are free and have the eagerness(eager), please sign up for it by e-mail.
③我很高兴听到你渴望提高你的汉语，并更多地了解中国文化。
I am glad to hear that you are eager to improve your Chinese and know more about Chinese culture.
be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
be eager for sth 渴求得到某物
be eager that...(should) do sth 渴望……做某事
2．greet vt.问候；迎接( greeting n．问候，打招呼，致意)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①When our teacher came into the classroom, we greeted him with a “Good morning”．
②During the festival, we visited the elder and relatives to give our greetings (greet) and best wishes.
③她在街上看到我们时，微笑着向我们打招呼。
She greeted us with a smile when she saw us in the street.
(1)greet sb with... 用……向某人问候
(2)send greetings to... 向……致意
exchange greetings 互相问候
3．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is a custom for lots of Chinese people to eat(eat) dumplings during the Spring Festival.
②Social customs(custom) and habits may contribute to the difficulty in learning a foreign language.
③节假日期间，在窗户上贴剪纸也是中国的一个风俗。
It is also a Chinese custom to stick paper-cuttings on windows during festivals.
customs and habits 风俗习惯
It is the/a custom for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是一种习俗。
4．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤( crowded adj.拥挤的；塞满的)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Happy memories crowded into my mind as I looked at the photos.
②For one thing, the roads are so crowded(crowd) that traffic jams can be seen everywhere.
③很多渴望见到这位知名科学家的年轻人涌入了演讲厅。
Many young people who were eager to see the famous scientist crowded into the lecture hall．
(1)a crowd of 一大群；许多的
(2)crowd into 涌入；挤入
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
(3)be crowded with 挤满；充满
[板块二 重点句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：with复合结构
(教材原句)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①With more and more forests destroyed(destroy), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
②With so many people to help/helping (help) us, we are sure to finish the task ahead of time.
③They said goodbye to the villagers, with tears rolling(roll) down their cheeks.
④随着期末考试的临近，我们必须充分利用每一分钟复习功课。
With the final examination approaching，we must take full advantage of every minute to go over our lessons.
with复合结构的常见形式如下：
2．句型公式：It is/was ＋n./adj.＋that 从句
(教材原句)With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
有着这般美景，造就了爱尔兰包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的深厚传统也就不足为奇了。
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①As far as I'm concerned, it is important (importance) that I should remember as many useful sentences as possible.
②It is obvious that students should get well prepared for their future.
③真奇怪，她竟然用那么无礼的方式跟她母亲说话。
It is strange that she should speak to her mother in such a rude manner.
it在句中作形式主语，代指后面that引导的主语从句。it作形式主语的常用句式如下：
(1)It＋be＋adj.(possible，obvious，important，certain...)＋that从句；
(2)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder, no wonder...)＋that从句。
——————————· 课堂微练·题题过 ·——————————
Ⅰ.教材语块必备
1．have a great influence on... 对……有极大的影响
2．a true feast for the eyes 一场名副其实的视觉盛宴
3．with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle 青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中
4．breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers 呼吸着带有清新花香的空气
5．have a chance of... 有……的机会
6．stop by a village pub 去一家乡村酒吧
7．enjoy some traditional music 欣赏传统的音乐
8．experience local culture and customs first-hand 亲身体验当地的文化和习俗
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．In the courtyard of a farmhouse，there is a crowd of people(一大群人).
2．Thanks to your generous help(多亏了你的慷慨相助), I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture.
3．The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment，with many students surrounding him(有很多学生围着他).
4．The doctor in charge (主治医生) told us that our father was recovering from his illness day by day.
5．As we all know, our future career has a great influence on our life (对我们的生活有很大影响).
课时规范训练(四)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．In order to ensure(保证) that you have a pleasant trip, I have some tips for you.
2．I am fully confident that I'm the right person for the position(职位).
3．She was a poet(诗人) and expressed her feelings in the form of poetry.
4．Every city has its own set of traditions and customs (习俗).
5．Alice is considered as a generous girl, for she often helps others.
6．He would sit on the sofa, eating snacks which contain much fat and sugar.
7．I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese painting.
8．We could pay more attention to the protection of the ocean and do not pollute the sea as we used to do.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．If everyone drives little cars in the future, the streets will be less crowded(crowd).
2．With the winter vacation approaching(approach), it is time to relax myself.
3．The company made an announcement(announce) that they decided to introduce their products to Asia.
4．He forgot to get his phone charged(charge) last night, so it is dead now.
5．We must do everything in our power to ensure(ensure) the success of the conference.
6．Large amounts of money have been raised(raise) to help the worker so far.
7．So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people injured(injure).
8．It is necessary that parents know about the methods of protecting children from being harmed.
Ⅲ.单句写作增分练——向朋友介绍泰山并发出邀请
1．听说你很想了解泰山，我很高兴向你详细介绍它。
Learning that you are eager to learn about Mount Tai，I am more than delighted to introduce it to you in detail.
2．这座山非常有名，因此全年都挤满了来自世界各地的游客。
The mountain is so famous that it is crowded with tourists from all over the world all the year round.
3．在山顶上，如果天气晴朗，你一定会被美丽的日出迷住。
On the top of the mountain，you will be struck by the beauty of sunrise on a clear morning.
4．春天临近了，我强烈建议你去游览一下这座山。
With spring approaching，I strongly suggested that you pay a visit to the mountain.
5．你来的时候，我将负责你的游览事宜。
I will be in/take charge of your visit when you come.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
What's the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer's field.However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks.
The earliest straw-weaving products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins, a Neolithic cultural site located in eastern China's Zhejiang Province.The Book of Rites, one of the classical works of Confucianism, also records that there were already mats made of cattail grass and professional straw-weaving craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty.
Straw weaving is a method of making daily items or artworks.It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
Wu explains the process of straw weaving: selection of materials is the first step of a complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive process that can take weeks, or even months to complete.You need to sketch(素描)the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills.Next comes the weaving, shaping and preserving of the work.Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make it lifelike.
In the past, woven straw items could be found almost in every household in the countryside, such as straw hats and straw shoes, because they were practical in everyday life.But due to the impact of industrialization, manufactured goods have replaced such products, which cause low profits, and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country.“The world has changed, and craftsmen need to transcend(超越)practicality and pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive，” Wu says.
From her perspective, straw weaving should respond to people's needs and preferences, while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture, “Craftspeople should make a great effort to grasp the trends and opportunities of the times to create new and relevant products，” she says.When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了草编的起源、编织过程、现状以及未来发展的方向。
1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about straw-weaving products
A．Their historic origins.
B．Their cultural value.
C．Their major uses.
D．Their producing process.
解析：A 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，草编历史悠久，可以追溯到新石器时代，周代有了专业的草编工匠。由此可知，本段主要介绍了草编产品的历史源头。故选A。
2．Which is the most difficult part for straw-weaving craftsmen according to Wu Cui
A．Selecting suitable materials.
B．Drawing sketches on paper.
C．Making the artworks vivid.
D．Preserving finished products.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make it lifelike.”可知，吴翠认为草编技艺最难的地方在于让作品栩栩如生。故选C。
3．What can we learn from Wu Cui's opinion according to the last paragraph
A．Straw-weaving products are out of favor with customers.
B．Pursuing fashion should be the first preference for craftspeople.
C．Local people benefit a lot from the straw-weaving techniques.
D．Craftsmen should bring forth new ideas in the crafts based on traditional culture.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“From her perspective, straw weaving should respond to people's needs and preferences, while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture, ‘Craftspeople should make a great effort to grasp the trends and opportunities of the times to create new and relevant products，’ she says.”可知，手工艺人应该在传统文化的基础上对手工艺进行创新。故选D。
4．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain the process of straw weaving.
B．To present the future of a traditional culture.
C．To introduce a way to pursue the beauty and artistry.
D．To propose a new means of crafting.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及最后一段中“When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique.”结合文章介绍了草编的起源、编织过程、现状以及未来发展的方向可推知，文章的主要目的是展示传统文化的未来。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Bill and Cathy wanted to go on a holiday.They chose a place called Maldives.And they decided to __1__ there for two weeks in spring, because they heard that the weather there was __2__ at that time.They worked very hard for several months.Finally, they made enough money for their dream __3__．But their trip was more like a nightmare!
The problem__4__ when the flight was put off because of bad weather.They couldn't leave __5__ night.They finally got on the plane twelve hours later! But they couldn't fly to Maldives because there was a __6__．They had to fly to the capital city __7__．There they stayed in a small hotel __8__ the airport.
The hotel was next to the sea, but the sea was__9__ dirty that they couldn't __10__ in it.And the hotel swimming pool was full of leaves! The food was __11__．For breakfast there was only bread and milk! The worst part was when the storm came, they felt really __12__．Because of the __13__ weather, they had to stay for another night in the small hotel.And they had nothing to do.It was so __14__．Finally, they __15__ at Maldives three days later.And someone told them the weather there had been wonderful all the time!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Bill和Cathy去马尔代夫旅行时的糟糕经历。
1．A.stay B．work
C．run D．see
解析：A 根据上文“Bill and Cathy wanted to go on a holiday.They chose a place called Maldives.”可知，他们打算在马尔代夫度假两周。故选A。
2．A.terrible B．perfect
C．abnormal D．unbearable
解析：B 根据上文“And they decided to __1__ there for two weeks in spring”可知，他们打算停留两周，结合生活常识可知要选择天气好的时候旅行。故选B。
3．A.job B．trip
C．college D．clothes
解析：B 根据下文“But their trip was more like a nightmare! ”可知，他们的旅行更像是一场噩梦，“their trip”与空格处呼应。故选B。
4．A.began B．jumped
C．finished D．continued
解析：A 根据下文“the flight was put off because of bad weather”可知，航班因为坏天气被推迟，是旅行刚开始就出现的问题。故选A。
5．A.after B．until
C．since D．before
解析：B 根据上文“The problem __4__ when the flight was put off because of bad weather.”以及下文“They finally got on the plane twelve hours later！”可知，航班被推迟了，他们12小时之后上了飞机。由此推测出他们直到夜里才坐上飞机离开。not...until...意为“直到……才……”。故选B。
6．A.tsunami B．hurricane
C．snowslide D．storm
解析：D 根据文章最后一段中“The worst part was when the storm came”可知，最糟糕的部分是暴风雨来临的时候，所以是他们遇上了暴风雨。故选D。
7．A.already B．yet
C．instead D．still
解析：C 根据上文“But they couldn't fly to Maldives because there was a __6__．”可知，他们不能飞往马尔代夫，只能飞去首都作为代替。故选C。
8．A.from B．near
C．across D．next
解析：B 根据上文“they stayed in a small hotel”及选项可知，此处表达的是机场附近的小旅馆。next要和介词to搭配。故选B。
9．A.hardly B．much
C．enough D．so
解析：D 根据下文“that they couldn't __10__ in it”可知，应为so...that...句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。故选D。
10．A.fish B．dive
C．swim D．sail
解析：C 根据上文“the sea was __9__ dirty”可知，海水很脏，无法在里面游泳。故选C。
11．A.worse B．delicious
C．cheap D．expensive
解析：A 根据下文“For breakfast there was only bread and milk！”可知，早餐只有面包和牛奶，说明他们对食物不满意。故选A。
12．A.full B．terrible
C．happy D．quiet
解析：B 根据上文“The worst part was when the storm came”可知，此处指遇到这样的天气，他们感觉很糟糕。故选B。
13．A.beautiful B．nice
C．fine D．bad
解析：D 根据上文“The worst part was when the storm came”可知，暴风雨来了，所以天气不好。故选D。
14．A.funny B．exciting
C．boring D．amusing
解析：C 根据上文“And they had nothing to do.”可知，他们无事可做，所以感到无聊。故选C。
15．A.arrived B．reached
C．got D．moved
解析：A 根据下文“three days later”和选项可知，他们三天后到达了马尔代夫。表示“到达某地”时，可以用reach＋地点；arrive at/in＋地点或者get to＋地点。根据空格后的介词at可知，此处需要用arrive。故选A。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假设你校正在开展图书共享活动，请你以学生会的名义写一份倡议书，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．倡议内容；
3．发起倡议。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear fellow students，
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
The Students' Union
One possible version：
Dear fellow students，
Aimed at exposing students to as many good books as possible, a campaign is being launched to promote book-sharing among students. We students are expected to take an active part in it.
Books are of great benefit to humans, especially for us students. In an effort to make the best of unused books, we appeal to you to do your bit to help the books circulate by donating your books to the book corners or exchanging books with your classmates.
Every book e and join us to give every unused book an opportunity to enlighten curious souls.
The Students' UnionSection Ⅴ Writing——景点介绍
[满分微讲坛——范式素材感悟·有章可循]
景点介绍属于说明文。写作时要注意厘清与写作主题有关的地理位置、人口、面积、气候等内容。文章结构平分为三层， 开头部分引出所需介绍的内容； 正文详细描述所需介绍的景点的特色； 结束部分表达出美好的祝愿。
一、课文范式推荐
二、话题素材积累
(一)夺人眼球开头句
1．China lies in the east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
中国位于亚洲东部，太平洋的西岸。
2．Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.
广州位于中国的南部，被认为是我国最现代化的城市之一。
3．The village, located on the East China Sea, has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200，000.
这个村庄坐落在东海之滨，有着300多年的历史和20万人口。
4．Britain, with an area of 244，100 square kilometres and a population of about 67，200，000，is located in the northwest of the European Continent, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean.
英国占地24.41万平方千米，人口大约6720万，位于欧洲大陆西北部，被大西洋包围。
5．China, the third largest country in the world, covers an area of about 9.6 million square kilometres.
中国是世界第三大国，国土面积约960万平方千米。
(二)亮点出彩篇中句
1．The road winds its way, floating among the green mountains like a black ribbon.
这条路蜿蜒曲折，像飘在绿色山间的黑色丝带。
2．It is refreshing and relaxing to walk on the quiet path, enjoying the fresh air and listening to the birds sing.
在这条幽静的小径上散步，呼吸新鲜空气，聆听鸟鸣，令人心旷神怡。
3．White clouds roll freely in the blue sky, changing from time to time.
白云在蓝天上自由翻滚，时而变换。
4．What impresses you most is probably that the air here is fresh to breathe, there is a wide variety of food to taste and the local customs are unique.
让你印象最深刻的可能是这里的空气清新宜人，有各种各样的美食可供品尝，并且当地的风俗习惯也很独特。
5．First, as a world famous scenic spot, the Great Wall attracts millions of travellers every day.
首先，作为一个举世闻名的景点，长城每天都吸引着数百万游客。
(三)韵味无穷结尾句
1．As far as I'm concerned, this is a dream place for you to get close to nature.
在我看来，这是一个让你接近大自然的理想之地。
2．Go and experience its beauty in person, which won't disappoint you.
去亲身体验一下它的美丽，这不会让你失望的。
[满分练到位——妙笔成篇训练·立竿见影]
假如你是李华，请你给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文，介绍我们伟大祖国的首都——北京。要点如下：
1．基本概况：人口约2000万，面积16 000多平方千米，位于华北平原北部；
2．历史与文化：有3000多年的历史，是我国的政治、文化中心，有很多大学，其中清华大学和北京大学是最著名的；
3．交通与旅游：交通便利，有天安门广场、故宫博物院、长城、鸟巢等很多旅游景点。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Beijing，the capital of China，is a beautiful city.______________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Now，Beijing is playing a more and more important role in the world.
第一步 谋篇布局
第二步 遣词造句
1．北京人口约2000万，面积16 000多平方千米。
Beijing has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometers.
2．北京位于华北平原北部。
Beijing is located in the north of the North China Plain.
3．北京是中国的政治、文化中心。
Beijing is the political and cultural centre of China.
4．北京成功举办了2008年奥运会，吸引了世界的目光。
Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world．
5．北京有许多重点大学，其中北京大学和清华大学是最著名的。
Beijing has many key universities，of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are the most famous.
6．北京也是一个度假的好去处，且交通便利。
Beijing is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it's convenient to travel there.
第三步 词句升级
7．把第二步中的句1和句2合并为含有过去分词短语作状语的句子
Located in the north of the North China Plain，Beijing has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometers.
8．把第二步中的句3和句4合并为含有现在分词短语作状语的句子
Being the political and cultural centre of China，Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world.
第四步 妙笔成篇
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Beijing，the capital of China，is a beautiful city. Located in the north of the North China Plain，Beijing has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometers.
Beijing has a history of over 3，000 years. Being the political and cultural centre of China，Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world. Beijing has many key universities，of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are the most famous.
Beijing is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it's convenient to travel there. There are many places of interest，such as Tian'anmen Square，the Palace Museum，the Great Wall，the Bird's Nest，and so on.
Now，Beijing is playing a more and more important role in the world.Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
[知能为先——必备知能一站明]
英语连读
一般来说，英语中相邻的两个单词属于同一意群时，前一词末尾的某些音素和后一词词首的某些音素，可以连起来读。连读在语言交际中比较常见，正确、自然地连读是语言流畅性的重要体现。以下是几种常见的连读情况：
1．辅音＋元音：在相邻的两个英语单词中，前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，一般将辅音和元音连起来读。如：
Look at the photos.
Add examples of prepositions in English.
2．r/re＋元音：前一个单词以-r或-re结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，此时r或re要发/r/音，并与其后的元音连读。如：
There are many kinds.
3．元音＋元音：前一个单词以/?/或/i：/结尾，后一个单词以元音开头时，添加/j/后连读；前一个单词以/?/或/u?/结尾，后一个单词以元音开头，添加/w/后连读。如：
see it/si：j?t/
Go out of the room./?ɡ ?w ?a ?t v ?ru?m/
[指津] 连读的前提条件是相邻的两个单词必须属于同一个意群，否则不能连读。
[训练为重——能力提升多听说]
Ⅰ.朗读下列句子，注意连读单词的读音
例1：Let me have a look a t it.
Put it on，please.
Not at all.
例2：They're my father and mother.
Here is a letter for you.
例3：She wants to study English.
How and why did you come here
She can't carry it.
Ⅱ.口语交际训练
美国留学生杰克想通过旅游来加深对中国的了解，正向中国好友李华寻求建议。根据汉语提示补全对话。
Jack：The winter holiday is approaching.I want to travel around in China.Can you give me some advice，Li Hua
Li Hua：Of course.As you know, there are lots of 1.places of interest(名胜) in China.Do you have any plans
Jack：I'm not sure.In fact, I want to visit some places in Shandong.
Li Hua：Good idea.2.As far as I'm concerned(就我而言), going to Mount Tai is a good choice.
Jack：Why
Li Hua：Because Mount Tai has a long history and wonderful sights.In addition, climbing the mountain is 3.not only good for(不但对……有益) your physical health 4.but also brings you(而且会带给你) lots of courage.
Jack：That sounds great.Maybe I can enjoy the fantastic sunrise in the morning, 5.which is really a feast for eyes(它真是一场视觉盛宴).
Li Hua：Wish you a good journey!
be similar to与……相似
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①All happy families are similar to one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
②众所周知，吃太多的糖对我们的牙齿有害。
As we all know, eating too much sugar is harmful to our teeth．
be familiar to... 为……所熟悉
be harmful to... 对……有危害
be polite/rude to... 对……有礼貌/无礼
课时规范训练(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Florence Nightingale was born on the 12th of May, 1820 in Florence.She was a bright child who enjoyed learning from her father, and she developed much knowledge in history, foreign languages, math and so on.When she was 25 years of age, Nightingale told her parents that she wanted to follow her dream of nursing.Her parents were not pleased with her decision, as nursing was considered a job of the working class at that time.
In 1849, Nightingale traveled around Europe and Egypt with Charles and Selina Bracebridge, who were friends of the family.During the tour, she had the chance to study the operational systems of several hospitals in different countries.One year later, she decided to study nursing at the Institute of St. Vincent de Paul in Egypt.Then, she paid a visit to Pastor Theodor Fliedner in a hospital in Kaiserswerth, Germany.In 1851, she traveled to Kaiserswerth again to take up a 3-month nursing course at the Institute for Protestant Deaconesses.When Nightingale returned to England, she took control over a women's hospital in London.
The Crimean War broke out in 1853.Nightingale, with a team of 38 nurses, made her way to Scutari, Turkey.Upon arrival, she found that the military hospital was in bad condition, and this led to the increasing mortality rate of the soldiers.Nightingale used her influence to tell the British public the bad conditions in the military hospital, and as a result, she was given the power to rebuild the hospital.After she bettered conditions in the hospital, there was a decrease in the death rate of soldiers.
In the year 1860, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses was set up in London's St.Thomas' Hospital.Nightingale also wrote two books，Notes on Hospitals and Notes on Nursing, to provide guidance for nurses.Nightingale died in 1910, and she will be remembered forever.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的英国护士弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔的主要事迹。
1．What was the attitude of Nightingale's parents to her decision
A．They were happy with it.
B．They didn't care about it.
C．They were unsatisfied with it.
D．They gave her all their support.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Her parents were not pleased with her decision, as nursing was considered a job of the working class at that time.”可知，南丁格尔的父母对她追逐护理事业的梦想不是很满意。
2．When did Nightingale start to study in Germany
A．In 1849. B．In 1850.
C．In 1851. D．In 1853.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then, she paid a visit to Pastor Theodor Fliedner in a hospital in Kaiserswerth, Germany.In 1851, she traveled to Kaiserswerth again to take up a 3-month nursing course at the Institute for Protestant Deaconesses.”可知，南丁格尔于1851年在德国学习护理的相关课程。
3．What did Nightingale do after the Crimean War broke out
A．She set up a women's hospital.
B．She went to help British soldiers.
C．She gave out free medicines to soldiers.
D．She went back to her home country at once.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，克里米亚战争爆发后，南丁格尔尽力帮助英国军队改善医疗卫生条件。
4．Which of the following can best describe Nightingale
A．Honest and friendly.
B．Warm-hearted and strict.
C．Business-minded and brave.
D．Helpful and strong-willed.
解析：D 推理判断题。南丁格尔背负着家庭的压力，辗转多地追寻自己的护理事业梦想，并尽全力帮助人们改善医疗条件，促进医学事业的发展。由此可知，南丁格尔是一名乐于助人、意志坚定的人。
B
Ireland has had a very difficult history.The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to vanquish Ireland.For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English.Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.The result is that today there are two “Irelands”．Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750，000 people died of hunger.This, and a shortage of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada.As a result, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.Though many people still follow the routine nowadays, more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly.Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”．Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing.Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了爱尔兰的发展历史。
5．What does the underlined word “vanquish” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Conquer. B．Ruin.
C．Protect. D．Free.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Ireland has had a very difficult history.”以及“For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English.”可知，在历史上，英国曾经统治了爱尔兰。由此推知，画线词的意思为“征服”。故选A项。
6．Why did the population of Ireland once decrease greatly
A．The Irish were killed by the English rulers.
B．The Irish were affected by a deadly disease.
C．The Irish were not eager to give birth to babies.
D．The Irish suffered from food and work shortage.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段“In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750，000 people died of hunger.This, and a shortage of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada.”可知，爱尔兰人数减少的原因是食物和工作的短缺。故选D项。
7．How did most Irish people make their living
A．By working in the fields.
B．By working in factories.
C.By trading with other countries.
D．By performing musical instruments.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.”可知，大多数爱尔兰人是靠务农来维持生活的。故选A项。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Life in Ireland
B．Ireland, Past and Present
C．A Very Difficult History
D．The Independence of Ireland
解析：B 标题归纳题。从整篇文章来看，文章前两段主要讲述的是爱尔兰的历史，后两段描述的是爱尔兰的现在。B项“爱尔兰，过去和现在”最能概括主旨。故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Due to its faraway location in the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand was one of the last countries to be discovered by humans.Although most of the current population are European descendants, it was the minority group known as the Maori who were the first to settle there.__1__．
Maori arts are very popular with tourists. The Waka is a traditional canoe (独木舟) that has been skillfully carved out of a tree trunk, with beautiful carvings added to show tribal (部落的) history and culture.__2__. Visitors to Maori historic buildings can also see beautifully carved wooden architecture.In addition, there are countless smaller objects and masks that were made to honour ancestors or legends.
__3__．It is made famous by New Zealand's national rugby union team, who often perform it before games.The kapa haka is a traditional dance performed for celebrations, special guests, and battle ceremonies. The performance includes different dances and songs that make up a whole.
Traditional tattoos，known as “moko”，are also a strong visual part of Maori culture. They are most often done in circle forms across a man's face, and on the chin (下巴) and lips of a woman.They represent a person's social class, and are also believed to increase attractiveness.__4__．It is often part of a ceremony to signal a person has passed an important milestone.
There is so much more for visitors to discover about Maori culture.__5__： a multicultural country that is forever developing in new and interesting ways.
A．Receiving moko is seen as a great honour
B．Maoris, whether young or old, are all dance lovers
C．However, New Zealand is also known for its diverse cultures
D．It is an important part of what makes New Zealand a modern country
E．A large war canoe could be up to 40 metres long and hold up to 80 people
F．Another well-known part of Maori culture is the traditional kapa haka dance
G．Today, both past and present Maori culture can be found all over the country
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了毛利人是新西兰的原住民，介绍了毛利文化中的雕刻、舞蹈以及文身文化。
1．解析：G 根据前一句可知，尽管现在新西兰绝大多数人口是欧洲人的后裔，但是第一个在那里定居的是被称为毛利人的少数民族，G选项“如今，过去和现在的毛利文化在新西兰到处都可以找到”总领全文，开启后文介绍毛利文化中的雕刻、舞蹈以及文身，切题，故选G。
2．解析：E 根据前一句可知，Waka是一种传统的独木舟，是由一棵树干雕刻出来的，同时漂亮的雕刻图案展示了部落的文化和历史，故可推断本段介绍独木舟，E选项“一艘大型军用独木舟可以长达40米，容纳80人”是对独木舟的继续阐述，故选E。
3．解析：F 根据后文可知，kapa haka是一种传统舞蹈，是在庆祝活动中，有尊贵客人以及战争仪式的时候进行的表演，故可推断本段介绍舞蹈，F选项“毛利文化的另一个著名部分就是传统的kapa haka舞蹈”总领本段，故选F。
4．解析：A 根据本段第一句以及后文可知，本段介绍毛利人的传统文身艺术 moko，通常也是仪式的一部分，以表明一个人已经通过了一个重要的里程碑。故A选项“接受moko文身被视为一种荣誉”切题，故选A。
5．解析：D 根据后半句可知，该部分是对country的解释说明，D选项“这是让新西兰成为一个现代化国家的重要组成部分”符合语境，故选D。
