Section Ⅲ Using Language
第一步：细读 知细节明察秋毫
Read the text on Pages 8－9 carefully，and then choose the best answer.
1．What subjects did Albert Einstein like best in middle school
A．Politics and geography.
B．Physics and maths.
C．English and art.
D．Chemistry and history.
2．When did Einstein publish four extraordinary physics papers
A．In 1902. B．In 1904.
C．In 1905. D．In 1906.
3．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
A．Because of his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
B．Because of his courageous and kind character.
C.Because of his strong passion for knowledge.
D．Because of his full time research at a university.
4．How does the writer develop the text
A．By time order.
B．By space order.
C．By analyzing cause and result.
D．By using specific figures.
答案： 1～4 BCAA
第二步：填空 辨难句拆分解读
1．Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men(man) who ever lived.(P8 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein；who ever lived是who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the smartest men。
[尝试翻译] 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦——这位也许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家——被公认是有史以来智商最高的人之一。
2．When he was 16，he tried to enter(enter) university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.(P8 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，When he was 16是时间状语从句，but连接两个谓语动词tried和failed，表转折，obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics是动词-ing形式作介词despite的宾语。
[尝试翻译] 当他16岁时，他试图进瑞士的大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。
3．Following this，he gradually(gradual) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.(P8 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是简单句，Following this是动词-ing形式作状语。
[尝试翻译] 此后，他渐渐闻名于世，被誉为第二个艾萨克·牛顿。
4．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(P8 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，as though he had just received...是方式状语从句。
[尝试翻译] 他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
5．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.(P8 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，how he helped a little girl...是how引导的宾语从句，who knocked...是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。
[尝试翻译] 甚至还有一件轶事，说的是他如何为一名上门求助的小女孩讲解家庭作业。
第三步：会写 析写作增分靓句
1．Read the text and find out the sentences with which the author describes a person.(读文章并找出人物描写的句子)
(1)Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
(2)This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.
(3)After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
(4) In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
(5)To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.
He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
(6)On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
2．Say what rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences.(说出下列句子用了什么修辞手法)
(1)Following this，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. 类比
(2)Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.暗喻
(3)He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.明喻
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
1．passion n．酷爱；激情
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Delighted to know that you have a passion for Tang poetry，I'm writing to inform you of some relevant information about it.
②He delivered a speech with passion，which left us a deep impression.
③满怀热情和善良的约翰开始做爆米花来帮助伯纳德赚点外快。
Being full of passion and kind-hearted，John set about making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.
full of passion 充满激情
with passion 富有激情
have a passion for对……情有独钟；酷爱……
2．come to power(开始)掌权；上台
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Sensing that the problem was beyond my power，I was so anxious that tears flowed down my cheeks.(读后续写之情感描写)
②With the remarkable development of science and technology，China has become more powerful (power) than ever before.
③我非常确信我有能力担任您的助教，所以请考虑我的申请。(应用文之申请信)
I am greatly convinced that I have the power to take up a position as your teaching assistant，so please take my application into consideration.
[名师指津] in power 表示状态，可以和一段时间连用；come to power表示动作，不可以和一段时间连用。
The politician full of passion came to power three years ago.In other words，he has been in power for three years.
这位充满激情的政治家三年前上台执政。换句话说，他已经执政三年了。
(1)power n. 权力；能力；能量
be in power 掌权，执政
have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力/权力
beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及的
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的
3．consequence n．结果；后果
[练透]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Consequently (consequence)，she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.
②It is known to us that the rise in global temperature will result in serious consequences(consequent).
我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。
③My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as_a_consequence，I have to attend him.
④My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and consequently，I have to take care of him.
⑤My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as_a_consequence/result，I have to care for him.
(1)as a consequence 因此；结果
as a consequence of 由于……；作为……的结果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的
consequently adv. 因此；结果
4．take up a position 担任；任职
[练透]——写出下列句中take up的含义/完成句子
①Smartphones not only take up our valuable time but also do great harm to our health.占据
②The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续
③No matter what happens，I'm going to take up the challenge.接受
④我打算担任志愿者一职，从中可以开阔我的视野。
I intended to take up a position as a volunteer，through which I can broaden my horizons.
take up 接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间)
take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
5．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
[练透]——完成句子
①你有必要经常总结你的经验，提高你工作的效率。
It is necessary for you to sum up your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work.
②总之，当谈到拯救我们的传统文化财富的时候，共同的努力是重要的。 (应用文之倡议书)
To sum up，it's joint efforts that count when it comes to the rescue of our traditional cultural treasure.
(1)sum up 总结；概括；计算……的总数
to sum up 总之
(2)a large sum of 一大笔；大量的
[板块二 经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：独立主格结构
(教材原句)He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
[练透]——完成句子
①听到这个好消息，我高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
Hearing the good news，I jumped for joy, tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in my eyes．
②女孩笑得很甜，眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。
The girl was smiling sweetly, her eyes sparkling with excitement．
③我们七点半在校门口集合，水果采摘活动将于8点整开始。
We shall get together at 7：30 at the school gate, the fruit-picking activity to start at 8 sharp．
④她紧紧地闭上眼睛，双手抱着头。
She closed her eyes tightly, her head buried in her hands．
⑤下课了，兴奋的学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作描写)
Class over，the excited students rose to their feet，grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like an arrow.
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在；常见的独立主格结构有：
名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行)
名词/代词＋done (被动/完成)
名词/代词＋to do (未发生的动作)
名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
2．句型公式：状语从句的省略
(教材原句)While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
[练透]——完成句子
①当想到狼的血盆大口，马克因害怕几乎昏厥。尽管吓得要死，马克挣扎着爬起来，拼尽全力把自行车扔向狼。
When thinking of the wolf's bloody mouth，Mac nearly fainted with fright.Though frightened/scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the wolf with all his strength.
②他张开嘴好像要说些什么，但是他摇了摇头，什么也没说就离开了。
He opened his mouth as if to say something，but he shook his head and left without a word.
③当有必要时，你可以向慷慨的教授寻求指导。
When necessary，you can turn to the generous professor for guidance.
(1)当when，while，before，if，unless，as if等词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it且谓语中含be动词时，可同时省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
(2)省略句中非谓语的选用要根据动词和主语的关系：主动关系用现在分词；被动关系用过去分词；尚未发生用不定式。
3．句型公式：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材原句)Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
身为犹太人的爱因斯坦发现学术机构纷纷对他关上大门。
[练透]——完成句子
①环顾四周，简发现自己在陌生的树林里迷路了，她发现她的腿止不住地颤抖，她吓得直冒冷汗。 (读后续写之心理描写)
Looking around，Jane found herself lost in the unfamiliar forest．She found her legs trembling uncontrollably and she was breaking out in a cold sweat.
②爸爸发现厨房混乱不堪，双胞胎既失望又沮丧。知道他们想做什么之后，他主动提出帮助他们做美味的早餐。
The father found the kitchen in a mess/messy and the twins disappointed and upset．After knowing what they wanted to do，he offered to help them cook a delicious breakfast.
③我的确希望你会觉得以上建议在构建“绿色北京”方面有用。(2023·北京卷书面表达)
I do hope that you can find the above suggestions useful/of use in building a Green Beijing.
“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳：
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Being caught in the storm made him rather anxious，as he seldom encountered (遇到) such a situation.
2．The old professor (教授)，as well as his students，was invited to attend the graduation ceremony yesterday.
3．The club, founded (创建) 25 years ago，is holding a party for past and present members.
4．Everyone in the village regarded him as a genius (天才)，for he went to college at the age of 14.
Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式
1．Mr.King took up a position (任职)as a headmaster in a high school，so he knew the importance of education.
2．To sum up(总而言之)，it is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.
3．Her medicine has saved large numbers of lives in the world.As a consequence(因此)，she was awarded the Nobel Prize.
4．The newly-elected President has taken a series of measures to improve the economy since he came to power(上台).
5．Her work done/finished/completed(她的工作完成了)，she sat down for a cup of tea.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Albert Einstein，1.who is regarded as the greatest scientist in modern physics，was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.At the age of 17，he 2.was admitted (admit) to the university and graduated four years later.
After 3.graduation/graduating (graduate)，Einstein first worked as a clerk in the Swiss patent office.While working there，he continued to study，4.earning(earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905.That same year，he published four extraordinary physics papers and 5.gradually(gradual) became world-famous.In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize 6.in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.When Hitler came to power in Germany，Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions 7.closed(close) to him.So he had to flee Germany and then came to US and took up a position as 8.a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Although he was a genius，he sometimes 9.forgot (forget) things，like his friends' birthdays.Einstein passed away on 18 April 1955，and it was reported that the whole world mourned the great 10.loss(lose) of a brilliant scientist.
课时规范训练(三)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is reported that the university has improved its award system for scientific (科学的) achievements to inspire creative work.
2．In my opinion，what makes the book so extraordinary (不一般的) is the creative imagination of the writer.
3．Whenever I encounter(遇到) difficulties，my father always cheers me up and helps me out.
4．I'm writing to invite you to attend “Talk and Talk”，an English program founded (建立)by our school broadcasting station.
5．Only when our theory (理论) is combined with practice can the former become reliable knowledge.
6．When under stress，even a most gentle (温柔的) person can be bad-tempered and get angry easily.
7．His invention was so practical that he soon got a patent (专利证书).
8．I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually(逐渐地) building up.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．China has made remarkable (remark)achievements in the application of 5G technology，which will bring more convenience to people's life.
2. Founded(found)in 1949，the People's Republic of China has made great advances in many fields over the past decades.
3．With electric cars becoming popular，we believe that the level of air pollution will be reduced gradually(gradual).
4．The twin sister are very distinct from each other in the character so it is quite easy to make a distinction(distinct) between them.
5．Encountering (encounter) a frightening beast on the way to the market the other day，the servant fled (flee) with her heart beating wildly.
6．One of the worst consequences(consequent) of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer.
7．From these facts we can draw a conclusion (conclude) that we ought to adopt a more scientific (science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.
8．In addition，I'm determined to devote myself to the development and construction of our country by using my professional(profession) knowledge.
9．Seeing that Linda is doing her homework，her mother leaves the study slowly and gently (gentle).
10．To sum up，you will find the above suggestions beneficial (benefit) to your Chinese learning.
Ⅲ.应用文写作——我最尊敬的人
1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。
The person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing patients of their diseases all his life．
2．无论他遇到什么困难，他决不承认失败。
Whatever difficulties he encounters，under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat．
3．自从他就职，他坚持全心全意为病人服务。
Ever since he took up his position，he has insisted on serving all the patients heart and soul.
4．在他看来，帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。
In his opinion，it is his responsibility to help patients recover from illnesses．
5．一听说上海急需医生，他毫不犹豫地前往上海。
Upon/On hearing that Shanghai was in great need of doctors，he headed for Shanghai without hesitation.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A famous American poet Robert Frost once said，“Poetry is what gets lost in translation.”But Xu Yuanchong，a well-known Chinese translator，had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life.His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation，“You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm，but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty，which is quite impressive.”
Since 1978，Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese，English and French，reaching millions of readers at home and abroad.Most notably，he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work.For him，English is a “scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content.Following this principle，Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.
Through Xu's translations，time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world.For example，when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency，some senators disagreed at first.But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu，one senator was so impressed with the fisherman's independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama.
Having made such great achievements，Xu maintained a routine.Every day he translated about 1，000 words，working till 3 to 4 a．m.，sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a．m.to continue.“Translation is a means of communicating with the writer's soul.A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin，” Xu said.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲对翻译界的贡献。
1．What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong
A．He mastered at least three foreign languages.
B．He translated about 100 Chinese works into English.
C．He was the first winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize.
D．He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 1978，Xu had published more than 100...Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.”可知，他以翻译押韵诗而广为人知。
2．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Particular. B．Satisfied.
C．Inventive. D．Productive.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“For him，English is a ‘scientific’language that...sensibility in his translation.”可知，本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译中不仅追求“真”也追求“美”，由此可推知，他在翻译时是极其严谨和注重细节的。fastidious意为“讲究的，挑剔的”。
3．Why does the author give the example in paragraph 4
A．To recommend Xu's translation works.
B．To stress the charm of Chinese poetry.
C．To show Xu's great translation skills.
D．To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段“For example，when former US president Barack...chose to part with the party line to support Obama.”可推知，本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高。
4．Which of the following words can best describe Xu
A．Thoughtful and modest.
B．Generous and objective.
C．Creative and open-minded.
D．Devoted and hard-working.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段“Since 1978，Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese，English and French，reaching millions of readers at home and abroad.”以及最后一段可推知，许渊冲热衷于翻译事业且非常努力。
B
Yvon Chouinard，who started the clothing company Patagonia，gave all the stock in the company to a trust and a non-profit in September 2022.Mr.Chouinard and his family have turned over the $3 billion company to an organization that will work to fight climate change.
Mr. Chouinard is a rock climber who began climbing in the 1960s.Back then，he created a company that made climbing equipment.The business closed，but Mr. Chouinard was left with a lifelong love of the outdoors and a respect for the environment.
Mr. Chouinard began Patagonia in the 1970s.Patagonia sells clothes aimed at outdoor activities.Over time，the company changed the way it did business to do a better job of protecting the environment.Since 1986，Patagonia has given 1% of the money it makes from sales to groups that work to protect the environment.
Mr. Chouinard is now 83 years old.He was worried about what might happen after he died.He and his family wanted to find a way for Patagonia to do even more to fight climate change.He was afraid that if he sold the company，the new owners might not work so hard to protect the environment.
So he came up with a new and unusual plan: he gave his company away.And he did it in a way that helped protect both the company and the environment.
Mr. Chouinard gave away 2% of the company to a small group called the Patagonia Purpose Trust.This group will still be run largely by Mr. Chouinard's family.It will make all the decisions about the way the company is managed.The group's job is to make sure that the company is still run in the same way.
The other 98% of the company has been given to a non-profit group called the Holdfast Collective.The goal of the Holdfast Collective is to fight climate change and to protect wild land.The profit that Patagonia makes—about $100 million every year—will go to this organization.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了为了保护环境，服装公司Patagonia的创始人Yvon Chouinard 将公司的所有股票交给了一家信托基金机构和非营利组织的故事。
5．What do we learn about Patagonia
A．It has a history of more than 60 years.
B．It's an organization fighting climate change.
C．It pays special attention to the environment.
D．It's a company making climbing equipment.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，Patagonia公司创办于20世纪70年代，主要销售服装，一直致力于环境保护。
6．What was Mr. Chouinard's concern about selling Patagonia
A．It would lose the direction.
B．It would become non-profit.
C．It would suffer an economic loss.
D．It would be run in a different way.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四至六段可知，关于出售Patagonia公司，Yvon Chouinard最担心的是公司出售后将改变其“经济效益和环境保护两手抓”的运营方式。
7．Which of the following can best describe Mr. Chouinard's unusual plan
A．Kill two birds with one stone.
B．What's done can't be undone.
C．Two heads are better than one.
D．Actions speak louder than words.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Yvon Chouinard最后想出的这个解决方案既保护了公司又保护了环境，一举两得。
8．What does the author intend to stress about Mr.Chouinard
A．His pursuit of success.
B．His social responsibility.
C．His rich life experiences.
D．His great business talent.
解析：B 推理判断题。综合全文可知，企业家Yvon Chouinard在发展公司的同时致力于环境保护。他将自己价值30亿美元的全部股份转赠给信托机构，且每年通过信托机构向环保组织提供资金。这充分体现了他的社会责任感。
Ⅱ.完形填空
One summer day in 2009，Megan Atherton was driving to her hometown of Pittsburgh.She was 23 years old and couldn't __1__ to pay the rent for her apartment in Annapolis.She was __2__ she could find a place to stay back home.But about an hour into the drive，Atherton's car __3__．Even worse，her cellphone was dead because the __4__ had been turned off in the apartment.
__5__ to call for help，Atherton just stood on the side of the road.__6__，the police arrived and helped her tow(拖) her car to a nearby repair shop.The __7__ wasn't good: Her car would need repairs，which she didn't have __8__ to cover.
As she felt __9__ about what to do next，a woman in the waiting room __10__ her.The woman，who introduced herself as Toni，learned about Atherton's problem and offered to help her __11__ for the car repair.Atherton was happy and grateful.
Once she __12__ the city，Atherton was able to find a homeless shelter and begin __13__ her life.She never saw Toni again but thought of her often.“It was not possible that I __14__ her enough.It was a very hard time in my life，and I honestly don't know what would have happened if she hadn't gone so far above and beyond for a __15__，” she said.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Megan Atherton因为没钱付房租而准备回老家，路上遭遇了手机没电和汽车出故障，幸亏一名叫Toni的女士帮助她付汽车修理费，使她得以回家并重建生活，Megan Atherton对Toni的无私帮助感激不尽。
1．A.stop B．pretend
C．refuse D．afford
解析：D 根据上文中的“driving to her hometown of Pittsburgh”可知，她开车准备回老家，说明她付不起房租了。
2．A.worried B．relieved
C．hopeful D．regretful
解析：C 根据上文中的“driving to her hometown of Pittsburgh”和下文中的“she could find a place to stay back home”可知，她回老家，希望能在老家找到住的地方。
3．A.broke down B．moved on
C．slowed down D．sped up
解析：A 根据下文中的“helped her tow (拖) her car to a nearby repair shop”可知，她的车出故障了。
4．A.shower B．light
C．electricity D．gas
解析：C 根据上文中的“her cellphone was dead”可知，她的手机没电了，因为公寓里的电源被切断了。
5．A.Ready B．Unable
C．Expected D．Surprised
解析：B 根据上文中的“her cellphone was dead”可知，手机没电了，所以没办法打电话求救。
6．A.Eventually B．Secretly
C．Recently D．Proudly
解析：A 根据上文中的“Atherton just stood on the side of the road”和下文中的“the police arrived and helped her tow (拖) her car to a nearby repair shop”可知，Atherton站在路边，最终警察来帮她了。
7．A.weather B．situation
C．traffic D．job
解析：B 根据下文中的“Her car would need repairs”可知，汽车需要修理，说明汽车的状况并不好。
8．A.energy B．time
C．money D．access
解析：C 根据上文中的“couldn't ________to pay the rent for her apartment”和下文中的“offered to help her ________for the car repair”可知，她没钱付房租，也没钱修车，最后还是一个陌生人帮她付了汽车修理费。
9．A.excited B．certain
C．curious D．lost
解析：D 根据下文中的“about what to do next”并结合常识可知，她没钱修车，不知道接下来该怎么办。
10．A.approached B．attacked
C．admired D．recommended
解析：A 根据下文中的“The woman，who introduced herself as Toni”可知，这名女士走近她并进行自我介绍。
11．A.account B．pay
C．apply D．look
解析：B 根据上文中的“Her car would need repairs，which she didn't have ________to cover.”可知，Atherton没钱付汽车修理费，Toni主动提出帮她付。pay for...意为“支付……”。
12．A.asked about B．searched for
C．arrived in D．gave up
解析：C 根据下文中的“Atherton was able to find a homeless shelter”可知，她到达了城市，并找到了收容所。
13．A.replacing B．reporting
C．remembering D．rebuilding
解析：D 根据上文中的“find a homeless shelter”，空后的“her life”并结合上文可知，她在安那波利斯付不起房租了，于是回到老家，在老家找到了容身之所，开始重建自己的生活。
14．A.understood B．thanked
C．needed D．forgave
解析：B 根据上文中的“Atherton was happy and grateful.”并结合语境可知，Toni帮助了她，为此她觉得再怎么感谢她都不为过。
15．A.repairman B．policeman
C．neighbor D．stranger
解析：D 根据语境和上文中的“The woman，who introduced herself as Toni”可知，二人素不相识，所以于彼此而言都是陌生人。Section Ⅱ Learning About Language & Discovering Useful Structures
非限制性定语从句
[背美文 悟语法]
①My classmate is named Li Meng，who is an easy-going boy.②He was born into a wealthy family，whose parents are doctors.③Li Meng studies hard and he is good at all the subjects，the best of which is maths.④Last week he won first prize in the Maths Competition，which made his parents full of pride.⑤However，there was a time when he disliked learning maths.⑥It was our maths teacher，who had a long talk with him，that informed him of the reason why we should learn maths well. 1.以上句子中含有非限制性定语从句的是句 ①②③④⑥，含有限制性定语从句的是句 ⑤； 2.非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，而限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明；如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写) I will never forget this experience，which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.
我永远不会忘记这次经历，它将永远是我人生中最宝贵的回忆之一。
My teacher，who had always believed in me，was proud of my achievement.
我的老师一直相信我，为我的成就感到骄傲。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写) I am grateful to my teacher，whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.
我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以为单个的名词或代词，也可以为整个句子或句子的一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
We'll graduate in June，when we will be free.(先行词为名词)
我们将于六月份毕业，那时我们就自由了。
He often comes to class late，which makes his teacher very angry.(先行词为主句的内容)
他经常上课迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。
[即时即练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Last summer，I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese painting, which turned out to be a fulfilling journey.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)We met at the bus station，where he had dropped me off four days before.
③To raise students' awareness of saving food，our school English newspaper is scheduled to hold a writing competition，whose theme is “Hand in Hand.Save the Food”．
④Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， when the weather may be better.
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
(1)关系代词who、whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人；who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语；介词后用whom，不用who。
(2)whose作定语，先行词是人时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of whom”；先行词是物时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of which”。
(3)which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
She has helped many students, who want to learn folk dance，including me.
她帮助了许多想要学习民间舞蹈的学生，其中包括我。
There are twenty students in this class，whose backgrounds are different.
这个班上有20名学生，他们的背景各不相同。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)I paid him for the ride，along with a generous tip，which he declined.
我付了他车费，还给了他一笔慷慨的小费，但他拒绝了。
[名师指津] (1)that不可引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。
He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)
他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。
I want to buy the house，which has a beautiful garden.(which 代指the house)
我想买这座房子，它带有一个美丽的花园。
2．关系副词
(1)when指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。
(2)where指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。
(3)why不能引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which代替。
We will put off the outing until next Sunday，when/on which we won't be so busy.
我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
Yesterday，they went out to have a picnic in the park，where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
The reason，for which he was absent from the meeting，wasn't clear.
他为何缺席会议，原因不清楚。
[即时即练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.
②He is a Chinese student named Li Hua，who is studying in London during the summer vacation.
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷书面表达)In conclusion，we all look forward to attending your class，where we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
④The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on 15 August of the Chinese lunar calendar，when a family get together and enjoy the dinner.
⑤The main activities of the festival，which include competitions for kite making，flying and fighting，are scheduled.
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 不可位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
[即时即练3] 选词填空(as/which)
①As is mentioned in your report，traditional Chinese medicine has shown great power in the epidemic prevention.
②There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.
③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
④As is known to us all，the 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou.
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人，用which指物。
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
I expressed my sincere gratitude to John，without whose help I couldn't have finished my task.
我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。
The committee consists of ten members，all of whom are in favour of the plan.
委员会由十人组成，他们都支持这一方案。
[即时即练4] 用适当的关系词填空
①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.
②Participants，most of whom are middle school students，will meet at the Olympic Forest Park.
③You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms，of which paper-cutting is one of the most popular.
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Soon we were busy preparing presents for our unexpected guests, who just wanted to stay warm on Christmas Day.
2．The Chinese knot, which is a pretty decoration popular with Chinese，is usually hung in the sitting room of our home.
3．Last week，we took the foreign students to experience the tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.
4．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.
5．The flat should not be far away from the center of the city, where the traffic is convenient for me to go around.
6．I sincerely invite you and your family to join us for the Spring Festival, when you can fully experience the fun holiday.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元的语法
I have a classmate called Kate，1.whose mother is my former English teacher(她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师).Kate is a girl 2.who is easy to get along with(是容易相处的)and we all like her.Kate won the first place in the speech contest，3.which made her mother very happy(这使得她妈妈很高兴).The New Year is coming，4.when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother(到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港).As we all know，Hong Kong is a shopping paradise，5.where Kate intends to buy what she needs(Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西).
课时规范训练(二)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．During the visit，we will learn about local folk culture and experience various forms of folk art，through which we can see local history changes and great society development.
2．Our travel plan includes a guided tour through the bamboo forests where the giant pandas live.
3．Silently，he just stared at the other competitors, who were warming up without saying anything.
4．As a student，I regard these Chinese athletes as my role models, who will always inspire me to work hard.
5．There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.
6．It was on Mid-Autumn Festival, when all family members reunited，that I left my hometown for a strange city alone.
7．Just as the old saying goes，“Each coin has two sides.”
8．As you know，we have the summer and winter vacation, when we can do whatever we like，such as traveling，writing and so on.
9．There are many interesting clubs, where they can do what they want most, which makes them not tired of the learning.
10．We will always remember the moment when my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line.
11．Surprisingly，instead of blaming me，he gave me a thumbs-up for my honesty, which brought me a great sense of relief and joy.
12．I can clearly remember the bright Saturday afternoon 10 years ago, when I accidentally knocked over a neighbor's flowerpot.
13．Among them，the activity that/which left a deep impression on me was the English drama performance.
14．Reading has been my cherished hobby since my childhood, when I would treasure every book that I could find.
15．You have a full preparation before this event，which is the reason why you show up here.
Ⅱ.句型转换 (用定语从句改写下列句子)
1．The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
→The novelist got hurt in the accident, which made his wife so worried．
2．I have a friend and his father fled to the mountains when he was young.
→I have a friend, whose father fled to the mountains when he was young．
3．It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
→As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month.
4．We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there.
→We walked down the village street, where people were having a market day．
5．The little boys were cleaning the classroom and most of them were dirty.
→The little boys were cleaning the classroom, most of whom were dirty．
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．该活动取得了成功，在我们学生中也越来越受欢迎，这将鼓励我们在未来进一步传播中国文化。
The campaign was a success and has gained in popularity among us students, which will encourage us to further spread Chinese culture in future．
2．任何想要观看电影的同学要在下午两点之前到达。
Those who want to watch the movie are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
3．我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。
I suggest that the university you apply for is Peking University, which is one of the best universities in China．
4．我想向你推荐京剧俱乐部，我相信你可以从中学到很多。
I'd like to recommend Peking Opera Club to you, from which I believe you will learn a lot．
5．我们学校里的老师大多数都是三十多岁，他们把一切都奉献给了我们。
The teachers of our school, most of whom are in their thirties，have devoted themselves to us.
Ⅳ.语法填空
用适当的关系词完成下面的短文
When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm，1.where there were few young people.He felt very lonely.He often walked near the village in his free time，hoping to talk to some villagers.One day，he came across an old man，2.who used to be a brave soldier when he was young.Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him.Once，the old man told him his experiences in the battles，most of 3.which were very interesting.Li Hua was moved by the old man's story and he decided to write a novel.As a result，the novel attracted so many people，among 4.whom was a young woman.The woman，5.whose husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband.6.As we all know，a clever director won't give up an interesting story.One year later，the film，7.which was adapted from that novel，became a big hit.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
As you walk around the UK in March，you might notice that some people are wearing a daffodil(水仙花) on their coats.The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country's best-known charities: the Marie Curie Cancer Care.
The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries to ensure everyone diagnosed with cancer is cared for in the best possible way.It also helps fund research into possible cures through other organizations.Founded in 1948，it has been continuing with its goal ever since.
The charity was named after Marie Curie，a renowned scientist.She experimented with newly-discovered elements to create the theory of radioactivity.Unfortunately，over-exposure to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934.Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in two different fields.Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy (化学疗法)，the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.
The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK，which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter.Because of this，the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.
Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has donated money to the charity，but each daffodil is worth only what you want to pay for it.The charity does ask that you stick to a minimum amount of ￡1.
The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March，when the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off.But that doesn't mean you can only wear them in March.People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year round.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玛丽·居里癌症护理中心这家慈善机构和科学家居里夫人及其成就。
1．What does it mean when the British wear a daffodil on their coats
A．They support a charity.
B．They are recovering from cancer.
C．They've been helped by a charity.
D．They've been diagnosed with cancer.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句内容可知，英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表他们支持一个慈善机构。
2．What does the underlined word “renowned” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Beautiful. B．Modest.
C．Famous. D．Humorous.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The charity was named after Marie Curie”以及下文“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy (化学疗法)，the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知，科学家玛丽·居里很出名，由此判断，画线词意为“著名的”。
3．Why was the charity named after Marie Curie
A．Patients required that.
B．It was launched by her.
C．She greatly supported it.
D．It could show respect for her.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，该慈善机构以Marie Curie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。
4．What can we learn about the daffodil from the text
A．It can be used as medicine.
B．It's thought to stand for hope.
C．It's widely worn worldwide.
D．It's sold to the wearers at a high price.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句内容可知，该慈善机构使用水仙花作为一个隐喻，通过慈善捐赠为他人带来生命。由此推知，水仙花被认为代表着希望。
B
In 1925，a deadly epidemic (流行病) struck the small town of Nome，Alaska.The total population of the town was only around 1，400—seven of whom were dead and 19 of whom were sick.To make matters worse，the nearest source of a cure was hundreds of miles away，across the dangerous Alaskan wilderness.
Then，a Siberian husky (a kind of dog) named Balto saved the day.Balto was just one of 150 sled (雪橇) dogs used to deliver medicine to the town through whiteout snow and dangerous ice.And although Balto had never stood out from the rest of the pack (狗群) before，he proved to be surprisingly skillful and tough in the last leg of the journey.
Now known as the Nome Serum (血清) Run of 1925，the race began on January 27，1925，when 300，000 doses of antitoxin (抗毒素) arrived in Nenana by train from Anchorage.The medicine was placed inside a metallic container，and then taken out into the Alaskan wilds by the first sled driver，“Wild Bill” Shannon，who arrived at the first handoff site with injuries caused by the extreme coldness and two of his dogs lost.Eventually，the medicine made its way to Leonhard Seppala，who set out confidently with his 12-year-old sled dog，Togo，leading the pack.
Togo led Seppala's pack until they reached the next sled driver，Charlie Olson，who then passed it down to Gunnar Kaasen.But Togo no longer led the pack.Instead，Kaasen completed the last leg of the journey with Balto as his frontrunner.Although Kaasen couldn't even see in the whiteout conditions，and temperatures dropped to around 40 degrees Fahrenheit，Balto pressed on，successfully leading the pack to Nome，with the serum，on February 2.
Finally able to rest for the first time since the journey began，Kaasen looked to Balto and said，“What a fine dog！” And with that，Balto became a national hero who remains beloved nearly a century later.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1925年，阿拉斯加州诺姆镇爆发流行病，而最近的药品来源在数百英里之外。一只名叫巴尔托的雪橇狗在运送药品到该镇的过程中发挥了关键作用，最终成为国家英雄的故事。
5．What's the function of paragraph 1
A．To provide background information.
B．To inspire the readers' imagination.
C．To introduce a terrible disease.
D．To support an argument.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段中“Then，a Siberian husky (a kind of dog) ...and dangerous ice.”可推知，第一段主要介绍了1925年阿拉斯加州诺姆镇爆发流行病的背景情况，包括死亡和患病人数以及药品来源的遥远和危险，为第二段中介绍“名叫巴尔托的西伯利亚哈士奇的英勇事迹”提供了背景信息。
6．What can be learned about the Nome Serum Run of 1925
A．Its exact starting point was in Nome.
B．It suffered the loss of a sled driver.
C．Its aim was to save the 19 sick people.
D．It was completed through teamwork.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The medicine was placed inside a metallic...with his 12-year-old sled dog，Togo，leading the pack.”和第四段中“Togo led Seppala's pack until they reached the next sled driver，Charlie Olson，who then passed it down to Gunnar Kaasen.”可知，在运送药品的过程中，多位雪橇司机和他们的狗接力完成了任务，体现了团队合作。因此，1925年诺姆血清运送是通过团队合作完成的。
7．What did Togo do during the journey
A．He saved the serum from being broken.
B．He protected other dogs on the way.
C．He served as the guide of Kaasen.
D．He led the group for some time.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段“Togo led Seppala's pack until they reached the next sled driver，Charlie Olson”可知，Togo在旅程中领着Seppala的狗群走了一段路。
8．What may be a suitable title for the text
A．The Qualities of a Great Sled Dog
B．The Origins of the Alaskan Husky
C．Balto—The Hero of the Nome Serum Run
D．Nome—The Town That Survived an Epidemic
解析：C 标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中“Then，a Siberian husky (a kind of dog) named Balto saved the day.”和最后一段中“And with that，Balto became a national hero who remains beloved nearly a century later.”可知，文章主要讲述了一只名叫巴尔托的雪橇狗在1925年诺姆血清运送中发挥关键作用，最终成为国家英雄的故事。因此，C项“Balto—The Hero of the Nome Serum Run”最适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How can a teen set themselves up for success Here are some important points that you may find helpful.
Figure out your goals in life and work towards them.Start thinking about careers you would like to be in，but make a good choice based on your interests and strengths.__1__ You could also work towards non-career related goals，such as creating your own fundraiser，getting good grades in school，joining in a team sport，etc.Challenge yourself and you'll be surprised at what you can accomplish!
Don't get into any trouble，legal or otherwise.It could ruin your future plans.Avoid the peer pressure and keep away from the cigarettes，alcohol，and drugs.__2__ If you're being pressured into anything，walk away.If you can avoid these things during your teen years，they're a lot easier to avoid once you're out of high school and away from peer pressure.
Have good friends to help you out！__3__ Be with people who make you happy.Create a group of supportive，loving friends that can help you succeed in life and live your dreams.Find a few really good friends that will stick with you once you leave high school.
__4__ Join a sports team at school or out of school.Take your dog for a nice，long walk.Join a yoga group，go swimming at the local recreation center，or do sit-ups during commercial breaks on TV! Just exercise! __5__ Studies show that people who are actively involved in activities in their teen years will be more active when they're adults.
A．Go for a run around your neighborhood.
B．Get active!
C．You will start forming your own ideas in this way.
D．This could be your job for the rest of your life!
E．Obey the law and avoid ending up in the back of a police car.
F．Friends are there to support you and lift your spirits.
G．It helps you feel better，mentally and physically.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向青少年给出了如何为成功做好准备的建议。
1．解析：D 根据上文“Start thinking about careers you would like to be in，but make a good choice based on your interests and strengths.”可知，上文提到要选择职业，选项D承接上文，强调了选择职业的重要性，即这个选择可能会影响一生。
2．解析：E 根据上文“Don't get into any trouble，legal or otherwise.It could ruin your future plans.Avoid the peer pressure and keep away from the cigarettes，alcohol，and drugs.”可知，上文提到不要惹麻烦或者做违法的事。选项E承接上文，进一步强调了要遵守法律，避免麻烦。
3．解析：F 根据上文“Have good friends to help you out！”可知，上文提到朋友的重要性，选项F承接上文，进一步解释了朋友的作用，即支持和鼓舞你。
4．解析：B 根据下文“Join a sports team at...Just exercise！”可知，本段主要讲的是要积极参加体育活动。选项B引领下文，概括了本段的主题。
5．解析：G 根据上文“Join a sports team at ...Just exercise！”可知，上文列举了一些日常的锻炼，选项G承接上文，解释了锻炼的好处。Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
第一步：速读 析架构理清脉络
1．What's the main idea of the whole passage
A．Tu Youyou's education at university.
B．Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
C．Tu Youyou paid attention to fame.
D．Tu Youyou made a breakthrough in medicine on her own.
答案：B
2．Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：细读 知细节明察秋毫
Read the text on Pages 2－3 carefully，and then choose the best answer.
1．What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph
A．A great many people die from malaria every year.
B．The reason why Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize.
C．Malaria has brought much harm to the people in Africa.
D．Artemisinin is used to treat many kinds of diseases.
2．What does the word “promise” refer to in the second paragraph
A．Discovery. B．Possibility.
C．Activity. D．Examination.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Tu Youyou was not sure about the value of traditional Chinese medicine.
B．Tu Youyou and her team had tested many times before they succeeded.
C.Tu Youyou was modest and was proud of traditional Chinese medicine.
D．Tu Youyou was clever and determined while doing some research.
4．Where does this text probably come from
A．A TV interview.
B．A medical report.
C．A book review.
D．A newspaper.
答案：1～4 BBCD
第三步： 填空 辨难句拆分解读
1．This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery(discover) of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.(P2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句为复合句，其中whose引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou；a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的同位语。
[尝试翻译] 本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一)，她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。
2．They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either.(P2 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是连词but连接的并列句，boiling fresh wormwood与using the liquid obtained from this是并列的动词-ing形式短语作宾语，其中obtained from this是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰the liquid，不定式短语to treat malaria作目的状语。
[尝试翻译] 之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，并使用从中获得的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也没有奏效。
3．She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat(treat) the wormwood.(P2 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是and连接的并列句，suggesting a different way...是动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰名词短语one sentence。
[尝试翻译] 她再次分析医学文献，碰巧发现有一句话提到采用一种不同的方法来处理青蒿。
4．Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(P3 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，testing the medicine on themselves是动词-ing形式作宾语，不定式短语to make sure that it was safe作目的状语，that it was safe是that引导的宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] 屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。
5．This medicine，which was called(call) artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment(treat) for malaria.(P3 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词This medicine。
[尝试翻译] 这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
层级一 高频词汇练全
1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①To learn Chinese well，reading interesting Chinese news every day is vital to/for American exchange students.
②对我们来说，掌握一些基本的生活技能，为我们未来的生活做好准备是至关重要的。(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)
It is vital for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life.
③如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。(读后续写之主旨升华)
If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we should begin with small things.
be vital to/for... 对……是至关重要的
It is vital to do... 做……很重要
It is vital that ...(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
……是十分重要的
2．committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①It is because of the experts' commitment (commit) that a cure for the deadly disease has been found.
②He is committed to achieving(achieve) his fitness goals，regularly hitting the gym and following a nutritious diet.
③我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，满脸窘得通红。(读后续写之心理描写)
I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people，my face red with embarrassment.
因为他致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人摆脱困境，我们的班长被称为“活雷锋”。 (2023·天津卷3月书面表达)
④Because he commits himself to/is committed to helping those in need out of trouble，our monitor is called “a living Lei Feng”．
⑤Committing himself to/Committed to helping those in need out of trouble，our monitor is called “a living Lei Feng”．(分词短语作状语)
(1)be committed to (doing) sth 致力于做某事
(2)commit oneself to doing sth专心致志于做某事，献身于做某事
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
(3)commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺
make a commitment to (doing) sth 保证/承诺(做)某事
3．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子/熟词生义
①As you are acknowledged(acknowledge) as one of our best English teachers，we hope you can make a speech about how to learn English well.
②Tom acknowledged being defeated (defeat) in the competition，which made us quite depressed.(读后续写之情感描写)
③大家公认张骞是中国历史上著名的人物，是丝绸之路的开拓者之一。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)
It is acknowledged that Zhang Qian，a well-known figure in Chinese history，was one of the pioneers of the Silk Road.
④ I'm writing to acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.vt.感谢
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge sth/sb to be/as... 承认某事/某人是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的
4．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made (make) full use of to do the work well.
②You can master Chinese as quickly as possible only when you insist on putting(put) what you have learnt into use.
③我的老师向我投来鼓励的目光，他坚持认为我有写作天赋，所以他坚持要我参加写作比赛。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
Casting me a look of encouragement，my teacher insisted that I had a talent for writing，so he insisted that I (should) take part in the writing contest．
(1)insist on doing sth坚持做某事
(2)insist(坚决要求/主张) that sb (should) do，从句用虚拟语气。
(3)insist(坚持说/认为) that...，从句用陈述语气。
层级二 中频词汇练通
1．evaluate vt.评价；评估
[练透]——单句语法填空
①It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated (evaluate)in terms of overall qualities.
②Three professors were asked to make an evaluation(evaluate) of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
(1)evaluate sb on... 根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n. 估计；评价
make an evaluation of... 对……进行评估
2．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Finally，he acknowledged obtaining/having obtained (obtain) his father's financial support.
②他不仅帮助我更好地了解了中国，而且我(也)学到了诚实的重要性。
Not only does he help me obtain a better knowledge of China，but I (also) have learnt the importance of honesty.
(1)obtain sth for sb 为某人取得某物
(2)obtainable adj. 能得到的；可获得的
3．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Although defeated (defeat)，you can still find something more precious than victory.
②听说你在比赛中击败了其他所有的竞争对手，我写信向你表示祝贺。
Learning that you have defeated/beaten all the other competitors in the contest，I am writing to congratulate you.
③我们遭受失败的原因是我们没有做好充分的准备。
The reason why we suffered a defeat was that we hadn't made a full preparation.
(1)suffer a defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge/admit defeat 承认失败
(2)defeat sb 击败某人
[板块二 经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：upon/on doing ...意为“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”
(教材原句)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country ...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我个人。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民……”
[练透]——完成句子/一句多译
①我一看到老师就含着泪感谢了他。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
On/Upon seeing him，I thanked my teacher with misty eyes.
得知伯纳德处境困难，约翰立即致力于制作爆米花来帮助他。
②Upon learning that Bernard was in trouble，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
③The moment he learned that Bernard was in trouble，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
(1)upon/on doing (that) ...
一……就……(表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生)
(2)表示“一……就……”的其他形式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly
2．句型公式：It is an honour for sb to do sth意为“对某人来说做某事是一种荣誉/一件幸事”
(教材原句)It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
[练透]——完成句子
①我很荣幸能代表我的班级参加写作比赛。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
It is a great honour for me to represent my class to take part in the writing contest.
②听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。 你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。
I'm more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family. It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.
③作为高中生，保护海洋是我们的责任，海洋是我们地球的肺。
As high school students, it's our responsibility to protect the oceans，which are the lungs of our planet.
it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported ...)＋that从句
(2)It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible ...)＋that从句
(3)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a good idea，no wonder ...)＋that从句
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.课文重点词块默写
1．become a vital part of 成为……的重要组成部分
2．graduate from 毕业于……
3．with the objective of 目的是
4．in the beginning 起初
5．treat a fever 治疗发烧
6．get stuck 被卡住或陷入困境
7．acknowledge defeat 承认失败
8．insist on 坚决要求
9．according to 根据
10．a team effort 团队努力
Ⅱ.单词拼写/补全句子
1．After all，the College Entrance Examination next year is crucial(至关重要的) to your future.
2．If I hadn't given up after suffering the heavy defeat(失败)，the situation I am in now would be totally different.
3. Apparently (显而易见)，hard work，passion and good habits are necessary for people who want to succeed.
4．We should appreciate what we have obtained (获得)from life and seize every opportunity to help others.
5．As we all know，success lies in hard work while laziness leads to(导致) failure.
6．As far as I'm concerned，success is the result of efforts，which doesn't happen by chance(偶然).
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In October 2015，Tu Youyou，a 1.committed (commit) and patient scientist，was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of artemisinin which has saved hundreds of thousands of lives.
Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 2.chosen(choose) by the government to discover a new treatment for malaria.After examining over 2，000 old medical texts and 3.evaluating(evaluate) 280，000 plants for their medical 4.properties (property)，she and her team found a medical text suggested that using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.However, they 5.encountered (encounter) many difficulties when drawing out the extract.After failing more than 190 times，they 6.finally(final) succeeded in 1971.They tested the medicine on themselves first 7.to_ensure(ensure) it was safe.Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of 8.whom recovered.The medicine called artemisinin soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According 9.to Tu Youyou，the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.She thinks that their success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine and it's 10.an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
课时规范训练(一)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a consequence，it is crucial for us students to make a proper plan before studying for a doctor's degree.
2．It was because of his wonderful suggestions that my academic performance got greatly improved.
3．Scientific knowledge should be made full use of to help us live a happy life.
4．It is acknowledged that the cross-country race is an opportunity to strengthen our will.
5．Despite numerous failures，I defeated(击败) him in the end，which made me burst into laughter.
6．To sum up，all of these materials will be evaluated(评估) in a way that he has put forward.
7．I am writing with the objective (目的) of inviting you to be a judge for the coming speech contest in our academy.
8．We should analyse (分析) the reasons of the failures to win success next time.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The game is crucial to the team，the result of which will decide whether it can hold the championship.
2．When eating hotpot，you can put everything you like in the boiling (boil) water in the pot.
3．As a patient and committed (commit) scientist，Tu Youyou is highly thought of all over the world.
4．Apparently(apparent)，the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.
5．The old scientist told his students that scientific (science) theories must be based on facts.
6．I insist on learning from Lei Feng and serving (serve) the people whole-heartedly.
7．With the intention of achieving his academic (academy) goals，he has been committed(commit) to his study ever since.
8．I insist on setting (set) aside time every day for self-reflection and learning.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．中国将坚持走绿色发展道路，目的是发展经济而不破坏环境。
China will keep to the path of green development with the objective of developing the economy without damaging the environment.
2．推广“互联网＋教育”模式极其重要，因为它可以促进教育资源的共享。
Promoting the Internet Plus Education model is of vital importance because it can improve the sharing of educational resources.
3．一听到他被清华大学录取的消息，他高兴得跳了起来。
On/Upon hearing the news that he was admitted to Tsinghua University，he jumped for joy.
4．我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。
I strongly recommend you commit an hour a day to reading English，which can gradually improve your oral English.
5．我很荣幸邀请你作为特邀嘉宾。
It's a great honour for me to invite you as a special guest.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
No matter how successful—or lately，unsuccessful—Manchester United has been on the court，which has always prided itself on an incredible ability to generate the game's brightest young stars.The latest breakthrough talent，it seems，is 18-year-old midfielder Kobbie Mainoo.
The teenager's emergence from the youth academy (学院) has been one of the few satisfying points in an otherwise difficult season for the team，and the highlight of his fledgling (刚刚起步的) career came during United's 4-3 win against Wolverhampton Wanderers on Thursday.
After the host had seemingly got a draw in the 95th minute of the match，Mainoo showed his considerable potential by scoring a winner in the dying moment.The English youngster received the ball under pressure outside of the opposition's box before rushing his way towards the goal，hitting against a Wolves defender on the way.Then，when other players might have panicked，Mainoo was composed and guided a perfect shot into the far corner of the net.
While his teammates celebrated wildly，Mainoo knelt down and slid towards the crowd after scoring his first Premier League goal.It was a sensational moment and a goal which might change the teenager's life forever.
“I've still not come down from it.I still feel like I'm dreaming，to be honest，” Mainoo told TNT Sports after the match.“To start playing in the Premier League for my boyhood club has been amazing.Now I am just trying to play more games and win more games.”
There have been moments this season，though，where his inexperience has shown，but the future looks bright for the young midfielder who seems to have his feet firmly on the ground.“He is making incredible progress.He has great abilities as a modern midfield player，” Manchester United manager Erik ten Hag told reporters after the game.“He can defend and attack but also he has the physicality to do both ways.”
Manchester United is currently ranked seventh in the Premier League and they are working hard to secure the top four，which will ensure qualification for next season's Champions League.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了曼联最新的突破天才——18岁的中场Kobbie Mainoo。
1．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about Kobbie Mainoo
A．His goals. B．His education.
C．His teammates. D．His performance.
解析：D 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了Kobbie Mainoo在赛场上的表现。
2．What does the underlined word “sensational” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Boring. B．Dramatic.
C．Suitable. D．Possible.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前“While his teammates celebrated wildly，Mainoo knelt down and slid towards the crowd after scoring his first Premier League goal.”及画线词后“a goal which might change the teenager's life forever”可推断，这是一个轰动性的时刻，画线词sensational意为“轰动性的”，和dramatic最接近。
3．Which word can best describe Kobbie Mainoo
A．Ambitious. B．Humorous.
C．Experienced. D．Shy.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“‘I've still not come down from it.I still feel like I'm dreaming，to be honest，’Mainoo told TNT Sports after the match.‘To start playing in the Premier League for my boyhood club has been amazing.Now I am just trying to play more games and win more games.’”和第六段“He is making incredible progress.” 可推断，Kobbie Mainoo是一个有抱负的人。
4．What is the aim of Manchester United now
A．To bring out more young stars.
B．To qualify for the next Premier League.
C．To play in the Champions League next season.
D．To finish in the top seven of the Premier League.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，曼联队现在的目标是参加下一个赛季的欧洲冠军联赛。
B
Researchers have discovered that limiting a certain enzyme (酶) can have a dramatic impact in protecting against the effects of Alzheimer's disease (阿尔茨海默病).The finding could lead to a new class of drugs that fight the disease.
Much of the historical research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused on plaques (斑块) that form in the brain，which recently，though，have been found not likely to be the direct cause of it.In seeking another way forward，a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's.
With the intention of investigating how PDE4B might affect the brain，the UK team genetically modified (改造) mice with Alzheimer's to reduce PDE4B activity.The results are astonishing.
First，the mice with Alzheimer's and normal PDE4B expression showed memory loss in the sense of direction，a distinctive characteristic of AD.But those who had the genetic modification to have less PDE4B activity showed no damage at all.The team also observed that inflammation (炎症)，another hallmark of AD，decreased to some extent in the brains of mice with less PDE4B activity，compared to those with more of the enzyme.
Because all of these effects were found in the mice that already had Alzheimer's but had significant improvement in symptoms，the researchers say that further investigation into how to limit PDE4B in human patients with the condition could lead to new treatment pathways.
“These results offer real hope for the development of new treatments that will benefit patients with Alzheimer's disease in the future，” said Neil Dawson，a co-author of the study.“The next stage is to test whether PDE4B-limiting drugs have similar beneficial effects in the AD mouse model，to test their potential effectiveness in human Alzheimer's disease.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了限制PDE4B酶对阿尔茨海默病的影响及其研究前景。
5．How did the British researchers get the inspiration
A．By figuring out the direct cause of AD.
B．By going over much historical research.
C．By referring to a previous Australian study.
D．By breaking down PDE4B in the AD mouse.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's”可知，英国研究人员是通过参考之前的澳大利亚研究获得灵感的。
6．What can be learnt about PDE4B
A．Its activity promotes the sense of direction.
B.It might bring about the development of AD.
C．It is processed by a certain enzyme in the brain.
D．It will be investigated to reduce mice brain activity.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's”可知，PDE4B可能会导致阿尔茨海默病的发展。
7．What does the underlined word “hallmark” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Cause. B．Feature.
C．Principle. D．Finding.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“a distinctive characteristic of AD” “The team also observed that inflammation (炎症)，another hallmark of AD ”可知，此处指炎症是AD的另一个特征，所以hallmark意为“特征”。
8．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A．The future research focus.
B．The existing research background.
C．The probable research limitation.
D．The practical research application.
解析：A 段落大意题。根据第五段“the researchers say that further investigation into how to limit PDE4B in human patients with the condition could lead to new treatment pathways”可知，文章最后两段内容主要讲述了未来的研究重点。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Tongai has worked as a waiter at a restaurant for the past eight years.He was working __1__ one afternoon on a beautiful day with clear blue skies and __2__ seas.Tourists who had finished their lunch at the restaurant were walking along the water's edge，taking in the __3__ ocean and mountain views，when __4__ a “wall of water” rose up and carried lots of people out to sea.When seeing that，Tongai immediately ran outside，undressed himself，and __5__ into the water.
Towering waves were breaking on the shore，making it __6__ for the shocked victims to get back.Tongai used his belt to pull people from the water，shouting for help as he worked.
Two of the people Tongai __7__ were Clair and her 8-year-old daughter，Arya.As they walked，a huge wave __8__ them into the harbour.Clair cried for help，and Tongai and another tourist who'd jumped in to __9__ were in the water next to her.Tongai caught Arya and pushed her onto the rocky shore.Clair scrambled (爬) up behind them, __10__．
“I recently went to the restaurant to thank him，” Clair said.“My daughter __11__ him immediately，and we hugged each other.We are so __12__ to Tongai and the tourist who risked their lives to save ours.”
Thanks to Tongai and other helpers，no one __13__ their lives that day! Tongai is now regarded as a __14__ and praised for his __15__ rescues.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在餐厅工作的佟艾看到游客被巨浪卷进海里，立刻跳入海中救人，和另一位游客成功救了克莱尔和她的女儿艾莉亚。
1．A.as usual B．on purpose
C．by chance D．at once
解析：A 根据上文“Tongai has worked as a waiter at a restaurant for the past eight years.”可知，佟艾在过去的八年里一直在这家餐馆当服务员，因此是像往常一样在工作。
2．A.stormy B．shallow
C．distant D．calm
解析：D 根据下文“Tourists who had finished their lunch at the restaurant were walking along the water's edge”可知，在餐厅吃完午餐的游客沿着水边散步，因此此时海面是平静的。
3．A.boring B．fascinating
C．passing D．amusing
解析：B 根据上文“walking along the water's edge”可知，游客沿着水边散步，因此应该是在欣赏迷人的山海景色。
4．A.suddenly B．naturally
C．certainly D．gradually
解析：A 根据上文“Tourists who had finished their lunch at the restaurant were walking along the water's edge”可知，在餐厅吃完午餐的游客沿着水边散步，由此推知当时海边很平静，因此是突然地一堵“水墙”升起。
5．A.looked B．sank
C．jumped D．fell
解析：C 根据上文“Tongai immediately ran outside，undressed himself”可知，佟艾立刻跑到外面，脱下衣服，由此推知是想救人，因此是跳进水里。
6．A.dangerous B．necessary
C．possible D．difficult
解析：D 根据上文“Towering waves were breaking on the shore”可知，汹涌的海浪拍打着海岸，因此对于受害者来说回来很困难。
7．A.attracted B．approached
C．rescued D．prevented
解析：C 根据下文“We are so ________ to Tongai and the tourist who risked their lives to save ours.”可推知，佟艾救了克莱尔和她8岁的女儿艾莉亚。
8．A.returned B．knocked
C．followed D．led
解析：B 根据空前“a huge wave”和空后“them into the harbour”可推知，巨浪威力很大，把两人撞进了港口。
9．A.warm B．serve
C．check D．help
解析：D 根据下文“Tongai caught Arya and pushed her onto the rocky shore.”可推知，佟艾和另一名跳进水里帮忙的游客是去帮忙救人的。
10．A.disappointed B．exhausted
C．ashamed D．excited
解析：B 根据上文“Clair scrambled (爬) up behind them”和巨大的海浪在拍打海岸的情境可推知，克莱尔从水里爬上来会筋疲力尽。
11．A.interviewed B．joined
C．recognized D．congratulated
解析：C 根据上文“I recently went to the restaurant to thank him”可知，克莱尔和女儿去餐厅感谢佟艾，因此是一见面立刻认出佟艾。
12．A.generous B．sensitive
C．grateful D．disturbing
解析：C 根据下文“who risked their lives to save ours”可推知，克莱尔非常感谢救了她们命的两个人。
13．A.lost B．risked
C．changed D．improved
解析：A 根据上文“Thanks to Tongai and other helpers”可推知，因为佟艾和其他的帮手在，那天没有人失去生命。
14．A.star B．soldier
C．winner D．hero
解析：D 根据上文佟艾毫不犹豫地跳进海里救人可推知，他被视为英雄。
15．A.regular B．timely
C．medical D．financial
解析：B 根据上文“When seeing that，Tongai immediately ran outside，undressed himself”可知，佟艾当时立刻去救人，因此是及时的救援。话题阅读·单元导入
Still Growing
Sir Edmund Hillary is famous for being the first person to climb Mt.Everest.
What many people do not know is that Sir Hillary did not make it to the top of Everest the first time he tried.The first attempt was a complete failure.His climbing party encountered one problem after another and more than half of his climbing party died.
Nonetheless，the British Parliament decided to honor him with some type of award.When he entered the chamber to receive his award，Sir Hillary saw that a large picture of Everest had been set up.
During the standing ovation that he was receiving，he walked over to the picture，shook his fist at it and said，“You won，this time.But you are as big as you are ever going to get.And I'm still growing.”
We frequently hear the stories of people who have succeeded.And we frequently assume that they succeeded at the first time.But in fact it's the exact opposite.
The road to success is paved with the bricks of failure.
[词海拾贝]
1．encounter vt. 遭遇；邂逅
2．nonetheless adv. 尽管如此；但是
3．ovation n. 鼓掌；喝彩；热烈欢迎
[我学我思]
1．make it 成功做到；抵达
2．be paved with 铺满；遍布
3．Is it easy to be successful，and why
No，it is not easy，because there are lots of difficulties and challenges.Section Ⅳ Writing
Writing 1 人物描写
描述一个人物，即通过文字对人物的外貌、个性以及主要事迹和贡献进行描述和说明。
[满分微讲坛——范式素材感悟·有章可循]
一、课文范式推荐
二、话题素材积累
首段：开门见山，简要介绍人物信息
1．Known as a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty，Li Shizhen was born in 1518.
李时珍生于1518年，是一位明代著名的医学家。
2．Born on Dec.10th，1960，Lang Ping is generally acknowledged to be a remarkable volleyball coach.
出生于1960年12月10日，郎平是公认的非凡的排球教练。
3．He had a gift for writing and made up his mind to become a writer when he grew up.
他有写作的天赋，并决心长大后要成为一名作家。
中段：人物的成长经历以及取得的成就
1．When I come across the problems of learning in my study，he will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.
当我遇到学习中的困难的时候，他都会耐心地倾听，并鼓励我勇敢地克服困难。
2．He inspires me to major in English in college，to be a bridge between China and the world in the future.
他激励我在大学里以英语为专业，将来成为中国和世界的桥梁。
3．After graduating from Xi'an Jiaotong University，he received a doctor's degree in computer science.
从西安交通大学毕业后，他获得了计算机科学博士学位。
4．Madame Curie made great contributions to the development of science，which paved the way for further research.
居里夫人对科学的发展作出了巨大的贡献，这为进一步的研究铺平了道路。
5．She devoted her whole life to scientific research and her scientific findings benefited people all over the world.
她毕生致力于科学研究，她的科学成果造福了全世界的人民。
尾段：总结概括，简短评论
1．Such is Wang Xiaoping，a simple man who has made great achievements in the field of medicine.
这就是王小平，一个在医学领域取得巨大成就的普通人。
2．His story tells us that we should value what we have and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.
他的故事告诉我们，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，并尽我们最大的努力去克服生活中的任何困难。
3．She will live in the hearts of us forever.
她将永远活在我们心中。
[满分练到位——妙笔成篇训练·立竿见影]
你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．人物简介及事迹；
2．意义或启示。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
The Historical Figure in China
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[谋篇布局]
[遣词造句]
1．在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹是最有影响力的。
Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion．
2．作为中国宋代著名的作家和政治家，范仲淹因其对社会的巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。
Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated. He made great contributions to society．
3．他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革，使他的国家富强起来。
He tried to carry out a series of reforms to make his country rich and powerful．
4．他提出建立国家学制，对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。
He proposed the establishment of a national school system.It had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system．
5．给我印象最深的是他那著名的人生观。
What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life.
6．范仲淹是这样一个榜样，他总是鼓励我做一个高尚的人。
Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character．
[词句升级]
7．把句2升级为原因状语从句
Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.
8．把句3加黑词升级
He spared no efforts to carry out a series of reforms to make his country rich and powerful.
9．把句4升级为定语从句
He proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system.
[妙笔成篇]
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[参考范文]
The Historical Figure in China
Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.
Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.He spared no efforts to carry out a series of reforms to make his country rich and powerful.Besides，he proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system.What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life.
Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.
Writing 2 语料积累 读后续写
[教材语料积累]
词汇 人物 描写 gentle adj.温柔的；文静的 passion n．酷爱；激情 extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
动作 描写 commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 defeat vt.击败；战胜 insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 flow vi.流；流动 encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
句型 1.Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical school in 1955.(人物描写) 2．It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(主旨升华) 3．Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(人物描写) 4．Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.(比喻)
[续写语料运用]
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。
①Acknowledged as the greatest scientist(分词短语作状语) in agriculture，Yuan Longping passed away in Changsha on May 22，2021.It was drizzling as if ②it were mourning the great loss of the gentle extraordinary scientist．Overcome with sorrow，many Chinese people cried their hearts out，③tears flowing down cheeks uncontrollably(独立主格).He ④committed all his life to studying rice with passion．He always insisted on his dream and he wouldn't ⑤acknowledge defeat whatever difficulties he encountered． 袁隆平被认为是最伟大的农业科学家，他于2021年5月22日在长沙与世长辞。天下着毛毛细雨，好像在哀悼这位温和而非凡的科学家的逝世。不胜悲哀，许多中国人痛哭不止，泪水不受控制地顺着脸颊流淌。他终生满怀热情地致力于研究水稻。他始终坚持自己的梦想，无论遇到什么样的困难，他都不承认失败。
