话题阅读·单元导入
Your body language is equally important，since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes.Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed，while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.Additionally，you should not ignore the other person's body language，which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not.When you notice a change in the other person's body language，you should adjust how you are communicating accordingly.If someone looks at you with a confused expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.Then you will need to clarify your message before moving on.
[词海拾贝]
1．reveal vt. 露出；揭示；显示
2．attentive adj. 专心的；关心的
3．indicate vt. 表明，显示；象征，暗示
4．friction n. 争执；摩擦；摩擦力
5．accordingly adv. 因此；相应地
6．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明；澄清
[我学我思]
1．Why is body language equally important
It reveals a lot about the speaker's thoughts and attitudes.
2．What does it indicate if the man you are communicating with looks confused
He doesn't catch your meaning completely.Section Ⅲ Using Language
第一步：细读 知细节明察秋毫
Read the text on Page 44 carefully，and then choose the best answer.
1．How does the teacher know his students may have a problem
A．By talking to them individually.
B．By telephoning their parents.
C．By watching their behaviors.
D．By analysing their facial expressions.
2．If students are not interested in a lesson，what may they do
A．They may look up and make eye contact.
B．They may lean forward and look at the teacher.
C．They may lower their heads and look at the watch.
D．They may smile when the teacher makes a joke.
3．How may the students feel when they have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs crossed
A．Happy. B．Excited.
C．Shocked. D．Angry.
4．Where is the text likely to be taken from
A．A social magazine. B．A science book.
C．A research report. D．A health magazine.
答案：1～4 CCDA
第二步：填空 辨难句拆分解读
1．So if a student has his head lowered(lower)to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.(P44 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，if引导的是条件状语从句，此从句中的has his head ...为“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构。he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end是省略了 that的宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] 所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着时间，只盼早点下课。
2．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored(bore) or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(P44 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，While引导让步状语从句，此从句中含有when引导的宾语从句，主句中的it是形式主语，to distinguish when students are troubled是真正的主语。
[尝试翻译] 尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
3．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed(cross) in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies.(P44 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Students。
[尝试翻译] 愤怒、害怕或者焦虑的学生会双臂交叉抱在胸前，双腿并拢或交叉，像是在保护自己的身体。
4．However，if a student does not bother to brush(brush) her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.(P44 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，主句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] 但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。
5．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually(individual)，so they can all get the most out of school.(P44 Para.6)
[结构分析] 此句是并列句，when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually是三个并列的“疑问词＋to do”结构作宾语。
[尝试翻译] 他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他们在校收获最大。
第三步：会写 析写作增分靓句
Remember sentences describing body language.
(熟记描写肢体语言的句子)
(1)So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
(2)With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
(3)Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
1．in other words换句话说；也就是说
[练透]——用word的相关短语填空/完成句子
①In a word，reading English novels can help us improve our English from many aspects.
②Once you have made a promise，you should keep your word，or no one will trust you.
③He has achieved his aim. In other words，his ambition has come true.
④我跑回冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。提款机也坏了！换句话说，我现在付不起钱。(2024·新课标卷读后续写)
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.The cash machine was also out of order！In other words，I couldn't pay him now．
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one's word 遵守诺言
break one's word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with... 与……谈一谈
2．tendency n．趋势；倾向
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The gap between the rich and the poor has a tendency(tend) to become smaller and smaller.
②He is always very rude，which is why people tend to avoid (avoid) him.
③青少年通过电脑或手机读书而不是去图书馆读书的趋势正在增长。
There is a growing tendency for teenagers to read books by computers or phones rather than go to library to read books.
(1)have a tendency to do sth
有做某事的倾向
There is a tendency that
有……的倾向
(2)tend vi. 往往；趋向；招待
vt. 照看；护理
tend to do... 倾向于做……；往往会……
3．stare vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视
[练透]——完成句子
①她上下打量着我，好像不认识我似的。
She stared me up and down as if she didn't know me.
②在公共场合盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。
It is bad manners to stare at strangers in public.
4．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①As far as we all know，Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.
②Mount Tai is distinguished for its beautiful sights as well as rich culture，attracting visitors all over the world.
③Distinguished(distinguish) for its attractive scenery，Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.(应用文之推荐信)
④阅读好书既能充实我们的思想又能教我们分辨是非。
Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong．
(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish...from ... 把……与……区分开来
distinguish oneself (as ...) (作为……)而出名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名
5．occupy vt.占据；占用
[练透]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①The twins soon found themselves occupied (occupy) in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself with the breakfast.
②You must state your full name，age and occupation(occupy) in your application form.
③Because they were occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.
→Occupying themselves in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事；专心做某事
(2)occupied adj. 已占用的；使用中的
be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业；工作
6．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The day that I met my best friend for the first time，I was full of anxiety(anxious).
②We were anxious for/about our safety，and therefore，we were anxious to find (find) our way home.
③她焦虑地站着，禁不住探身看向远处，等候着她丈夫的到来。(读后续写之心理描写)
Waiting for her husband's coming，she stood there anxiously/with anxiety and couldn't help leaning forward to look into the distance.
(1)with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地
(2)be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth 急于做某事
7．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I feel ashamed(shame) of myself for having done many things that harm the environment.
②She was ashamed to tell(tell) her mother that she had failed again.
③她的头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着羞愧的泪光。(读后续写之神态描写)
Her head was hanging gently，and tears of shame were shining from the corners of her eyes.
④既羞愧又沮丧，我的心像刀绞一般，泪水模糊了我的眼睛。(读后续写之心理描写)
Ashamed and frustrated，I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and tears blurred my eyes.
(1)be ashamed of... 为……而感到羞耻
be ashamed to do sth 羞于/耻于做某事
be ashamed that... 对……感到羞愧
(2)shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
It's a shame that... ……真让人遗憾
[板块二 经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：部分否定
(教材原句)Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，不是所有抬着头看的学生都是在认真听课。
[练透]——一句多译
并非每个学生都真正意识到尊重和传播中国传统文化的重要性。
①Not every student is really aware of the importance of respecting and spreading traditional Chinese culture.
②Every student is not really aware of the importance of respecting and spreading traditional Chinese culture.
通过以上图表，可以看出并非所有学生都采用同一种方法学英语。
③According to the above graph，it can be seen that not all of the students adopt the same approach to learning English．
④According to the above graph，it can be seen that all of the students don't adopt the same approach to learning English．
(1)部分否定：当all，both，each，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时，便构成了部分否定，意为“不是……都；并非……都”。
(2)全部否定：当neither，no one，no，none，never，nothing，no more，no longer，no way，not...any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时，构成“全部否定”。
2．句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
[练透]——完成句子
①李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华更喜欢校服。
Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su Hua prefers the school uniform．
②尽管旅游能够拓宽你的视野，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是一个好主意。
While travelling can broaden your view，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
③看到他们垂头丧气的眼睛，他让他们收拾厨房，同时帮他们给母亲做早餐。
Seeing their downcast eyes，he told them to clean up the kitchen while he helped them make breakfast for their mother.
while作连词时的主要用法：
(1)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折，引导让步状语从句；
(2)“但是；可是”，表示对比，引导并列句；
(3)“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Knowing the cultural difference can help avoid conflict(s) (冲突)in cross-cultural communication.
2．The teacher asked the two students to discuss the question in a low voice so that they won't bother(打扰) the others.
3．She lowered (垂下)her eyes，shaking her head lightly.
4．At that time，he caught sight of a little girl standing in a corner, weeping (哭泣) and looking around.
5．The twins are so alike that it's difficult to distinguish (辨别) one from the other.
Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式
1．After so many years of hard work，she is tired out and can not straighten up(直起来) at all.
2．There is no great pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland and staring at(盯着看) the night sky.
3．They refused to employ him. In other words(换句话说)，he didn't get the job.
4．According to the research，women tend to(有……的倾向) live longer than men.
5．What made me worried was that he had some difficulty adjusting to(适应) the weather here.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It is important for an 1.educator(educate) to understand what makes each student tick.2.Generally(general) speaking，I usually look 3.at their body language.I know when students are really interested，because they lean forward and look at me.People have a 4.tendency(tend) to lean towards whatever they are interested in.So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is 5.bored(bore) and just counting the minutes for the class to end.A good teacher should also have the strategy 6.to distinguish(distinguish) when students are troubled，and try 7.to inquire(inquiry) what is going on about them.Anyway，reacting 8.to body language is an important component for a teacher，9.whose duty is helping all teenagers learn 10.actively(active) and devotedly.
课时规范训练(三)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The fireman told us how to react(反应) in case a fire should occur.
2．For Chinese，eating is not only a way of surviving but also reveals(揭示) your attitude towards life.
3．I stared(盯着) at the road，hoping to have a taxi that could be taken.
4．Now that she is occupied with her work，I don't want to bother (麻烦)her with my problems.
5．I am writing to inquire(打听) about why my son came into conflict with his classmate.
6．Hearing the result of the competition，she couldn't help weeping(哭泣) aloud.
7．Our government should develop more green and energy-saving ways to lower(降低) the emission of polluted air.
8．When making a speech，you have to adjust(调整) your language to the age of your audience.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Arriving too early for a dinner party could appear slightly (slight) rude if the host is making the preparations.
2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing(distinguish) right from wrong.
3．Occupying(occupy) herself with office tasks，Betty didn't have time to accompany her children.
4．First aid requires rapid assessment(s)(assess) of the injured to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.
5．The questions the reporter asked were sometimes embarrassing (embarrass) and that made the guest quite embarrassed(embarrass).
6．I didn't know whether to interpret (interpret) her silence as acceptance or refusal.
7．The discovery of electricity was perceived(perceive) as a major breakthrough at that time，thus leading to a chain of inventions.
8．The old man bent(bend) over，picked up the plastic bag from the ground and then threw it into the dustbin.
Ⅲ.应用文写作——“Body Language”为主题的投稿
1．我们用语言和肢体语言与他人交流，试图更生动地表达我们的思想和观点。
We use words and body language to interact with others，trying to express our thoughts and opinions more vividly．
2．不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言。
Body language varies from culture to culture．
3．例如，在有些国家，点头表示不同意，而在其他国家则表示赞同。
For example，in some countries，nodding means disagreement while in other countries it means approval．
4．微笑有很多作用，它不仅可以用来道歉、问候某人，还可以用来打破隔阂等。
Smile has many functions.Not only can it be used to apologise，to greet someone，but also it can be used to break down barriers，etc.
5．为了更好地促进跨文化交流，我们应该恰当地使用肢体语言。
To better promote cross-culture communication, we should use body language appropriately．
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Contrary to popular belief，looking at someone's face alone is not enough to tell us whether they are shouting in celebration or screaming in frustration，researchers claimed.While people may believe they have the ability to read each other's faces，body language is the real clue that shows whether the strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or negative.
In one study，groups of participants were shown a series of facial expressions such as tennis players photographed just after winning or losing a point.
In some cases the volunteers were able to see the player's full body，but in others they were only shown either their face or their body with the other parts removed.
Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when shown the full picture or just the body，but their guesses were no better than chance when based on the face alone.
Those who were allowed to see the full image were convinced that they had made their judgment based on the players' facial expressions even though results from the two other groups suggested otherwise.
The researchers carried out a second study where volunteers were shown a wider range of faces showing emotions including joy，pleasure，victory，pain and defeat.
Using photo editing software，the researchers attached the faces to bodies expressing the opposite emotions and asked participants to act out the emotions they saw in the photos.
The resulting poses were like the body poses in the photographs but not the facial expressions，which means that people base their understanding of strong emotions on the body instead of the face.
Dr.Aviezer，who led the study，said，“These results show that when emotions become extremely intense，the difference between positive and negative facial expressions becomes unclear.The results may help researchers understand how the body interacts during emotional situations.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。最新的研究表明通过观察别人的眼睛，人们并不能完全读懂他人的心情，但如果通过肢体语言，人们却能更好地了解。
1．Nowadays，what do most people tend to believe
A．Someone's body language has an effect on his feeling.
B．Reading someone's face alone cannot tell us his feeling.
C.Someone's body language is the only clue to his feeling.
D．Someone's feeling can be read by his facial expressions alone.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，现在，大多数人倾向于认为一个人的情感可以通过他的面部表情来理解。故选D。
2．In the first study，how many kinds of photos were shown to participants
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，在第一项研究中，向参与者展示了两种照片。故选B。
3．What does the underlined phrase mean according to the passage
A．Not clear.
B．Always perfect.
C．Almost not correct.
D．Quite different.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据句意以及画线部分所在句子中的“but their guesses”的转折含义可知，画线部分no better than chance意为“不准确”。故选A。
4．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Facial expressions can reflect the emotions clearly.
B．Body language rather than facial expressions is the window of the soul.
C．Researchers link emotions to body language instead of eyes.
D．Two studies focus on the link between body language and facial expressions.
解析：B 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍通过肢体语言，人们能更好地了解他人的情绪。故选B。
B
December 13，2022，was a normal day in the cafeteria(食堂)for students at West Alexander Middle School.The cafeteria is typically a social place with students having some free talk time and teachers watching from the stage.
On this particular day, sixth-grader Jaxen Hubbard，was eating his lunch，including a bag of goldfish crackers.He had the crackers in one hand and in his other hand，he was holding the cap of his water bottle.When Jaxen related the events of this incident，he said he must have put the water bottle lid (盖子) in his mouth with a handful of goldfish.
His breathing and speech were affected，but he showed no fear.He was able to communicate his need for help with his body language to teachers. The camera in the cafeteria caught all this on video.
Officer Shawtae Watts heard a call on her walkie-talkie (对讲机) that there was an immediate need for help in the cafeteria and she was the first on the scene.She said the teacher on the walkie-talkie said，“We need help in the cafeteria NOW！”She said that when she entered the cafeteria，she could see Jaxen from across the room.She ran to him and could see that he was choking (窒息).She didn't ask questions and began immediately administering the Heimlich maneuver(海姆立克急救法) in an effort to clear his airway.
Watts said it wasn't long before the water bottle lid was out of Jaxen's throat.It was a messy procedure，but a successful one.
Officer Watts has been the School Resource Officer at West for a little over a year，and she had served in law enforcement since 2008.She said this was the first time in her career that she had to perform the Heimlich maneuver.
When asked about Officer Watts，Assistant Principal Miss Jessica Mundy said.“Watts is always first on the scene.She is obviously a valuable resource to the staff and students at West Alexander Middle School.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。一名学生在餐厅吃午餐时被瓶盖噎住，随后他用肢体语言向老师求救并成功获救。
5．What happened to Jaxen
A．He got food poisoning.
B．He suffered from a stuck lid.
C．He was in conflict with other students.
D．He began choking after drinking water.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he said he must have put the water bottle lid (盖子) in his mouth with a handful of goldfish”和第三段中的“His breathing and speech were affected”可知，Jaxen Hubbard被瓶盖噎住了。
6．How did Jaxen respond to his trouble
A．He tried to take the cap out.
B．He was too frightened to move.
C．He signaled the teachers to come.
D．He turned to the camera for help.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He was able to communicate his need for help with his body language”和第四段中的“She said the teacher on the walkie-talkie said，‘We need help in the cafeteria NOW！’”可知，Jaxen用肢体语言向老师发出求救信号。
7．How was the rescue
A．Simple. B．Effective.
C．Well-planned. D．Time-consuming.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“It was a messy procedure，but a successful one.”可知，虽然救助的过程有点混乱，但是这名学生最终成功获救，因此救援很有效。
8．What did Jessica say about Watts
A．She is creative. B．She is energetic.
C．She is outgoing. D．She is committed.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“always first on the scene”和“a valuable resource”可知，Jessica认为Watts非常敬业，是学校教职员工和学生的宝贵资源。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In the eastern state of Virginia，employees of the Richmond Wildlife Center are doing their best to act like mother foxes.They started feeding and __1__ a baby fox after the young animal became __2__ from her mother.
In a video on the center's online page，a worker called Melissa Stanley was shown __3__ a red fox mask (面具) and equipment like rubber gloves when feeding the fox.In this way，she __4__ making human sounds and prevented the fox from __5__ her human caregivers.The post explained the baby fox should not become too __6__ to humans while she was being raised by them.The __7__ made it more likely that the baby fox could be __8__ to the wild.
Stanley said the fox was sent to the __9__ on February 29.She said a man __10__ the animal on the street while walking his dog in Richmond. __11__ she was a baby cat，the man __12__ turned her over to the Richmond Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.It is a nonprofit organization that takes in cats and dogs without __13__ and finds them homes.
The wildlife center employees __14__ to find the fox's mother and her home，but they were __15__ that the foxes had been trapped and removed.So the baby fox will be sent to the Animal Education and Rescue Organization in Virginia.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只小狐狸被救助的故事。
1．A.waiting for B．caring for
C．complaining about D．sending away
解析：B 根据前文“employees of the Richmond Wildlife Center are doing their best to act like mother foxes”可知，野生动物中心的员工尽力像母狐狸一样照顾小狐狸，所以此处指“照顾”小狐狸。故选B。
2．A.different B．tired
C．safe D．separated
解析：D 根据最后两段内容可知，小狐狸是在街上被发现的，由此推知小狐狸与母亲分离了，所以员工们才照顾它。故选D。
3．A.wearing B．painting
C．buying D．making
解析：A 根据后文“a red fox mask (面具) and equipment like rubber gloves”可知，Melissa Stanley戴着红狐狸面具和橡胶手套。故选A。
4．A.enjoyed B．imagined
C．avoided D．practiced
解析：C 根据后文“making human sounds”及“prevented the fox from ________ her human caregivers”可知，她戴着面具是为了避免小狐狸认出她是人类，所以要避免发出人类的声音。故选C。
5．A.forgetting B．admiring
C．understanding D．seeing
解析：D 根据前文“she ________ making human sounds”可知，她避免发出人类的声音是为了防止小狐狸认出她是人类，即防止小狐狸“看到”照顾它的人类。故选D。
6．A.kind B．similar
C．close D．equal
解析：C 根据前文“In this way，she ________ making human sounds and prevented the fox from ________ her human caregivers.”可知，工作人员戴着面具，避免发出人类的声音，都是为了不让小狐狸和人类太亲近。故选C。
7．A.course B．measure
C．test D．view
解析：B 根据前文“she ________ making human sounds and prevented the fox from ________ her human caregivers”可知，工作人员戴着面具，避免发出人类的声音，不让小狐狸和人类太亲近，这些都是为了让小狐狸能被放归野外的“措施”。故选B。
8．A.stored B．mixed
C．sold D．returned
解析：D 参见上题解析。故选D。
9．A.center B．hospital
C．market D．zoo
解析：A 根据前文“employees of the Richmond Wildlife Center”可知，小狐狸被送到了Richmond Wildlife Center。故选A。
10．A.hunted B．found
C．raised D．monitored
解析：B 根据后文“the man ________ turned her over to the Richmond Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals”可知，小狐狸被送到了防止虐待动物协会，由此推知，小狐狸是被“发现”的。故选B。
11．A.Proving B．Identifying
C．Thinking D．Ignoring
解析：C 根据后文“she was a baby cat”可知，此处指该男子“认为”它是一只小猫。故选C。
12．A.secretly B．patiently
C．accidentally D．initially
解析：D 根据后文“the Richmond Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals”可知，该男子把小狐狸送到了防止虐待动物协会，由此推知，他一开始以为这是一只小猫，所以“最初”把它送到了防止虐待动物协会。故选D。
13．A.names B．owners
C．training D．breath
解析：B 根据后文“finds them homes”可知，该组织为流浪猫和狗找到家，由此推知，这些猫和狗是没有“主人”的。故选B。
14．A.tried B．refused
C．pretended D．regretted
解析：A 根据后文“to find the fox's mother and her home”可知，工作人员“尝试”找到狐狸的母亲和家。故选A。
15．A.promised B．warned
C．told D．awarded
解析：C 根据后文“that the foxes had been trapped and removed”可知，工作人员被告知狐狸已经被捕获并移走了。故选C。Section Ⅱ Learning About Language & Discovering Useful Structures
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
[背美文 悟语法]
When the old man was young，he was fond of ①wandering in the street，for he found it was ②interesting to talk to some people.As a consequence，he became better at ③communicating with others.Later，he came to this city and his job was ④talking to some old people.He was very popular with the old people and earned much money.This meant ⑤his being able to buy a small house，and he didn't mind ⑥living in that old house.He enjoyed ⑦living in this city and never considered ⑧changing his job，because ⑨making up jokes to entertain the old people was an interesting thing for him. 1.在句中作主语的是 ⑨； 2．在句中作表语的是 ②④； 3．在句中作宾语的是 ①③⑤⑥⑦⑧，其中 ①③在句中作介词的宾语，动名词的复合结构作宾语的是 ⑤。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
一些及物动词之后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式。这些常用动词有：
avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise，finish，practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy，imagine，can't help 喜欢想象禁不住
admit，deny，envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意
I highly recommend visiting this exhibition.I am convinced that you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art.
我强烈推荐参观这次展览。我确信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。
She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them.
她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人说出自己对他们的看法。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的后面跟动词 ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on，object to，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get/be used to，pay attention to，be worth等。
While I was exhausted and hungry，I still insisted on running towards the destination.
虽然我又累又饿，但我仍然坚持向目的地跑去。
I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
We should take effective measures to prevent our oceans from being polluted.
我们应该采取有效措施防止我们的海洋受到污染。
[即时即练1] 单句语法填空
①(2023·全国乙卷)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing(miss) the moment I am attempting to photograph.
②I will spend some time studying(study) math and physics，which are my weak subjects.
③The boy was lucky to escape being punished (punish) for breaking the window.
④We should form the habit of discussing(discuss) our problems with others to understand them better.
⑤(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)After being told (tell)that I won the first prize in the writing contest，I felt a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooding into my mind.
3．以下及物动词后面既可接不定式又可接动词 ing形式作宾语，但两者意义上有区别
(1)
Remember to email your video to www. campusart123@ if you are interested in it.
如果你感兴趣的话，记得要把你的视频发送至www. campusart123 @。
I remember walking down the long hall and opening the door to my room to find a flock of seagulls.
我记得走过长长的大厅，打开通向我的房间的门，结果发现一群海鸥。
(2)
It is very cool in autumn and cold in winter，so don't forget to bring different kinds of clothes with you.
秋天很凉爽，冬天很冷，因此，不要忘记随身带着不同种类的衣服。
I forgot giving the book to you yesterday.
我忘记昨天已把书给你了。
(3)
I regret to tell you that I have to cancel my previous reservation.
我遗憾地告诉你，我不得不取消之前的预订。
The mother of the boy was in tears and said she regretted not having taught her son well.
男孩的母亲热泪盈眶，说她后悔没教好她的儿子。
(4)
She can't help to clean the house because she's busy making cakes.
她正忙着做蛋糕，所以不能帮忙打扫房子。
You can't help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
你会禁不住想起那个时候人们把这些石头排整齐多么困难。
(5)
In fact，they don't really mean to hurt you；they simply want to make themselves feel superior.
事实上，他们并不想要伤害你；他们只是想让自己感到优于别人。
What's worse，attending training classes means costing them much money.
更糟糕的是，参加培训课意味着花费他们很多的钱。
[即时即练2] 单句语法填空
①I remembered locking(lock) the door before I left the office，but I forgot to turn(turn) off the lights.
②(2023·新课标卷读后续写)At the sight of my coming，he didn't stop laughing(laugh)，which made me feel confused.
4．下面短语后接动词-ing形式，因为to为介词。
be used to 习惯于
devote oneself to 献身于
get down to 开始做
look forward to 期待
stick to 坚持
lead to 导致
pay attention to 注意
He is used to living in a small apartment，so he has mastered the art of space-saving.
他习惯于住在一个小公寓里，所以他已经掌握了节省空间的艺术。
[即时即练3] 单句语法填空
①The student devoted herself to studying(study) for her exams，ensuring she covered every topic in detail.
②After the morning meeting，we finally got down to discussing(discuss) the project details.
③He objects to working(work) on weekends，as it interferes with his family time.
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语通常可以交换位置。
From my point of view，what benefits students most is reading.
＝As far as I'm concerned，reading is what benefits students most.
在我看来，最使学生受益的是读书。
2．动词-ing形式作表语，可以表示主语的某种性质或特征，这类词可以看作形容词。
What should be stressed is the dragon-boat racing，which is very interesting and exciting.
应该强调的是龙舟赛，它非常有趣，且激动人心。
[名师指津] (1)不定式作表语通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。
My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.
我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
(2)动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
I was disappointed at this decision.
我对这个决定感到失望。
The child was frightened to see the dog.
这个孩子看到狗很害怕。
[即时即练4] 单句语法填空
①The unique scenery is so amazing(amaze) that people say it is the most beautiful city in Canada.
②My hobby is sitting(sit) on the beach，staring at the blue sky.
③The purpose of the meeting is to elect(elect) a new captain.
④The speech you delivered was inspiring(inspire) and touched my heart.
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．For these reasons，I recommend jogging (jog) and football.
2．She insisted on getting(get) up early and playing her radio loud.
3．We're going to spend two hours exploring (explore) the local museum to learn about the long history of the village.
4．The last few years have been exciting (excite)because I've been following my heart to do what I love.
5．It's common knowledge that smoking(smoke) is harmful to your health.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元的语法
1．Spreading traditional Chinese culture (传播中国传统文化) has become a popular trend.2.Many foreigners enjoy/are fond of learning Chinese (许多外国人喜欢学中文).Learning traditional Chinese culture enables them to understand China better.As a Chinese high school student，3.speaking Chinese stories and learning Chinese culture well should be our responsibility (讲好中国故事、学好中国文化是我们的责任).We should let the world know China better.
课时规范训练(二)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the pandas at Chengdu.
2．It will surely broaden our horizons by experiencing(experience) the local cultures.
3．If we get up early，we don't need to be in a hurry to go to school without having (have) breakfast.
4．Instead，I spend time taking(take) online courses，watching American plays or listening to English songs.
5．Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking(look) at screens.
6．I'm sure you can speak Chinese fluently before you come to China if you insist on doing(do) as I tell you.
7．I am sorry to know that you are having trouble dealing(deal) with your parents.
8．The key to successful small talk is learning (learn) how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.
9．I was so deeply moved that I couldn't help replaying(replay) it again and again.
10．During her life，she devoted herself to working(work) for the blind and the deaf mute.
11．If we go out，we must wear protective masks to prevent ourselves from being infected (infect).
12．The speech you delivered is very interesting and encouraging(encourage).
13．What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more convincing(convince).
14．He was famous for writing(write) the music for the ballet Swan Lake in 1876.
15．Each of us can contribute to reducing(reduce) pollution in our neighbourhood.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．自从他退休以来他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road since he retired．
2．我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。
I was grateful to you for helping me overcome so many difficulties．
3．我知道作为一名高中生，我必须要更加努力学习，并且要习惯于承担更多的责任。
I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more.
4．乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。
Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures．
5．因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.
6．他的任务之一就是为爬山准备一些食物和饮用水。
One of his tasks is to prepare some food and drinking water for the climbing．
7．尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在日常生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。
While I'm a disabled man，I always enjoy helping others in my daily life.
8．他演讲的主题是打破组与组之间的障碍。
The theme of his lecture is breaking down barriers between groups.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Different cultures communicate in very different ways.With regard to nonverbal communication，in Asia，people use 1.________(variety) of body language，facial expressions，and silence 2.________(express) meaning.For instance，in Japan，it might be viewed as rude to directly object to a statement.However，in the West，speaking directly is not only normal but valued.People place 3.________(much) focus on the actual words being used than on nonverbal cues (暗示).
Additionally，in China，it is common for someone to smile when they don't understand something.This could be 4.________ (confuse) for a Westerner who might think this means the listener understands and agrees with 5.________ is being said.
Another communicative feature，6.________ is viewed differently across the world，is interruption.In many parts of the West，interrupting another person when they are speaking is considered to be rude.However，in some African and Latin American countries，it is viewed as a means to join and 7.________(active) participate in the conversation.
Even within 8.________ same continent，manners can vary from culture to culture.For example，in the UK，it is very common to say “please” and “thank you” to someone 9.________ (serve) you in a shop or restaurant，but in Spain，these terms 10.________ (hear) much less often in everyday circumstances and are reserved more for requesting or receiving a kindness.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不同的文化背景下人们以不同的方式交流。在非语言交流方面，亚洲人使用各种肢体语言、面部表情和沉默来表达意思。
1．解析：varieties 考查名词复数。varieties of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
2．解析：to express 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，express在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to express。
3．解析：more 考查比较级。根据后文than可知，应用比较级。故填more。
4．解析：confusing 考查形容词。此处作表语，主语为This，应用-ing结尾的形容词confusing，意为“令人困惑的”。故填confusing。
5．解析：what 考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what。故填what。
6．解析：which 考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词feature，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
7．解析：actively 考查副词。此处修饰动词短语participate in，应用副词actively，意为“积极地”，作状语。故填actively。
8．解析：the 考查冠词。the same是固定用法，意为“一样”。故填the。
9．解析：serving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，serve与逻辑主语someone构成主动关系，应用动词-ing形式，作定语。故填serving。
10．解析：are heard 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为these terms，谓语用复数。故填are heard。
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Many of you know that when we are under stress，our brain requires a certain amount of hand-to-body touching.However，when circumstances are not only stressful but threaten us，the brain causes certain neck behaviors，which are protective，relieving and totally unique.
I first observed the significance of neck behaviors early in my life when my grandmother was almost hit by a car in Miami Beach.At that instant，she immediately covered her neck with her hand.I was surprised that her hand went to her neck and not toward the car.
At university，I saw this same behavior in anatomy(解剖学)classes as we examined animals.Both men and women would cover their necks as they looked down at the smelly animals for the first time.But I also noticed that men and women did it differently.Men tended to grab(抓住)their necks more robustly(用力地)，or even massage(按揉)their necks.Women tended to respond conversely．They would do it more delicately(优雅地)，using their fingers to cover a very specific area.
Aware that when people are troubled，scared，concerned，worried，or nervous，they cover or touch their necks，I never appreciated the potential use of this very telling behavior until I joined the FBI.
In 1979，while working in Yuma，Arizona，my partner and I went to talk to the mother of a dangerous person.When we knocked on her door，she seemed tense but allowed us in.I asked her many questions about her son and she answered all of them without hesitation.
However，when I inquired，“Is your son in the house？”during that interview，she put her hand to her neck and said，“No，he's not.”Her body was speaking to me more honestly than her words.The words“son”and “house” together were a threat to her and she touched her neck in the same way my grandmother had done 14 years earlier.That early lesson taught me to pay attention to the neck because few people do.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。当人们紧张的时候会习惯性地用手触碰脖子。
1．What did the author's grandmother do when a car was running toward her
A．She cried out loud.
B．She placed her hand on her neck.
C．She showed her hand to the driver.
D．She was glued to the spot frightened.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“when my grandmother was almost hit by a car...she immediately covered her neck with her hand”可知，当祖母差点被车撞上时，她用手捂住了脖子。
2．What does the underlined word “conversely” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Directly. B．Properly.
C．Emotionally. D．Oppositely.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Both men and women would cover their necks ... to cover a very specific area.”可知，男性和女性看到气味难闻的动物时都会捂住脖子，但是他们的做法不同，男性动作粗鲁，女性动作优雅。
3．What can we infer about the mother of the dangerous person
A．Her words showed hesitation.
B．Her neck behavior gave her away.
C．She was completely honest with the author.
D．She was perfectly calm under great threat.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Her body was speaking to me more honestly than her words.”可知，那位母亲捂脖子的动作暴露了她在说谎。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To show body language secrets of the neck.
B．To introduce different types of body language.
C．To explain why men and women react differently to stress.
D．To describe how officers use body language to detect lying.
解析：A 写作意图题。通读全文并结合文章所列举的三个例子可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是讲述颈部肢体语言的秘密。
B
Not only is sleep a common topic of our small talk，we've also spent decades trying to understand and explain it.After all，we spend an average of 26 years of our lives sleeping.Here are the important findings of the last decade of research.
A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they're sleeping.In a study called “Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers”，researchers asked questions to participants (参与者) in a lucid dream.The dreamers signaled the answers using pre-agreed eye or facial movements.They were accurate，suggesting they could access their cognitive (认知) functions such as working memory while sleeping.This interaction between dreamworld and reality has brought excitement to sleep experts.
Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving.A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things，are reactivated during sleep.That means that while we're sleeping，our brains go over our daily experiences，which is considered important for keeping memories.And，if you've ever felt it was best to sleep on a tricky problem and solve it in the morning，you might have scientific backing! A 2019 study by Sanders found that people were more likely to solve a tricky problem the next day if the problem had been activated in their brains during sleep.So，if you're stuck，rest up and return to it in the morning.
What if you've trouble falling asleep Unfortunately，you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional regulation，according to a 2021 study.The good news is there are plenty of tips to help you overcome your sleep difficulty.Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down，meditating (冥想) before bed，and avoiding caffeine before bed.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于睡眠的最新研究成果，包括清醒梦的研究、睡眠对记忆和问题解决能力的帮助，以及改善睡眠质量的方法。
5．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Dreaming has little connection to reality.
B．Lucid dreaming is a common experience.
C．People can communicate with others while dreaming.
D．People can control their dreams in lucid dreaming.
解析：C 段落大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“A particularly interesting finding is in the study of lucid dreaming (清醒梦)— it seems possible to communicate with people while they're sleeping.”可知，本段主要讲述的是人们可以在做梦时与他人交流。故选C。
6．What does Denis and Cairney's research suggest
A．Sleep helps the brain learn better.
B．People dream a lot during their sleep.
C．Lack of sleep has negative effect on mood.
D．People forget most of daily events during sleep.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“A 2023 research by Denis and Cairney noted that brain regions that are used to learn new things，are reactivated during sleep.”可知，Denis和Cairney的研究表明睡眠有助于大脑更好地学习。故选A。
7．Why might sleeping help solve problems
A．The brain learns better at night.
B．The brain has a good rest during sleep.
C．Sleeping allows the brain to process daily events.
D．Sleepers have more time to think about the problem.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“That means that while we're sleeping，our brains go over our daily experiences，which is considered important for keeping memories.”可知，睡眠有助于解决问题是因为睡眠使大脑能够处理日常事件。故选C。
8．What is recommended to improve sleep quality
A．Have a regular bedtime routine.
B．Exercise for some time before bed.
C．Stay awake for longer during the day.
D．Avoid talking about sleep in the daytime.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Experts recommend having a set time to start lying down，meditating (冥想) before bed，and avoiding caffeine before bed.”可知，为了提高睡眠质量，专家建议有规律的睡前习惯。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Body language，sometimes called “non-verbal communication”，is more important than you might think.Suitable body language can help you build trust with others.So use the following magic body language to build trust with others.
Put your phone down
Keeping eye contact when someone is talking will help build trust because it shows interest，but that's hard to do if you keep staring at your phone. __1__．It says，“I don't want to look at emails—you're important.” Building human ties makes it easier to trust people and know more about them.
__2__
You might only be crossing your arms and legs，because you're cold，but that position closes you off.You're unknowingly communicating something negative because you've put your body in a way that is a defense mechanism(机制).It blocks any basis for building trust.Make sure your body looks open to hear others' thoughts.
Smile and nod
__3__．That indicates you're interested in what the person is saying.Just don't be too cheesy (虚伪的)—overdoing the positive reaction will make you seem less sincere.
Don't sit behind a desk
Sitting behind a desk creates another block. __4__．For example，sitting at a table with students can encourage them to be more active during class if you want them to tell you if there's something they don't understand.Try not to have a big barrier between you.
Limit your note taking
Sometimes notes are necessary when you're talking to a co-worker. __5__．If you're constantly writing down what the other person says，that person could start feeling “Why are they writing that down？” So don't let it get in the way of your eye contact if you have to.
A．Listen with your eyes
B．Uncross your arms and legs
C．Don't communicate something negative
D．Smiling and nodding can be signs of greetings to others
E．But taking notes too often makes the other person feel uncomfortable
F.Nodding and smiling while someone is talking shows you're listening
G．It could make the person you're talking to put his or her own walls up
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的重要性。
1．解析：A 根据上文内容可知，这段主要说的是放下你的手机，增加眼神交流，故选A。
2．解析：B 根据下文中第一句可知，本段主要说的是不要交叉双臂和双腿，故选B。
3．解析：F 根据上文的小标题“Smile and nod”可知，本段的主要内容是在沟通时微笑点头，表明自己在听，故选F。
4．解析：G 根据上文内容可知，这里说的是坐在桌子后会给你的谈话设置障碍，G项符合题意，说的是这种做法的不利影响。故选G。
5．解析：E 根据下文内容可知，这里说的是太过频繁地记笔记会让对方感到不舒服，E项符合题意，故选E。Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
第一步：速读 析架构理清脉络
1．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Different cultures.
B．Spoken language.
C．Communication.
D．Body language.
答案：D
2．Match the main idea with each part.
答案：DCAEB
第二步：细读 知细节明察秋毫
Read the text on Pages 38－39 carefully，and then choose the best answer.
1．What is the purpose of the second paragraph
A．To tell us how important body language is.
B．To show an identical gesture may have different meanings in different cultures.
C．To stop men and women making eye contact while talking.
D．To remind us to look down while talking to an older person to show respect.
2．How does the text develop
A．By giving examples.
B．By giving data.
C．By giving definition.
D．By analysing facts.
3．Which of the following has many different uses
A．Moving hands. B．Holding arms.
C．Crying. D．Smiling.
4．In which country do people disapprove of eye contact
A．In America.
B．In China.
C．In many Middle Eastern countries.
D．In many Asian countries.
答案：1～4 BADC
第三步：填空 辨难句拆分解读
1．Words are important(importance)，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information(inform) about their feelings.(P38 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是并列复合句，people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands 是省略了that/in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
[尝试翻译] 话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
2．The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(P38 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，using body language...是动词-ing形式作表语，that is appropriate...是定语从句，修饰先行词a way，you are in是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the culture。
[尝试翻译] 使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。
3．In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing(employ) the gesture might think it means money.(P38 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone，it means money是省略了that的宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] 在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。
4．There are also differences(differ) in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part.(P38 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，how we touch...，how close we stand ...，and how we act ...是三个由how引导的并列的宾语从句；其中we are talking to是定语从句，修饰先行词someone；when we meet or part是由when引导的时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译] 在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面，也有很多差异。
5．Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.(P38 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句，动词-ing形式(短语) shaking hands，bowing from the waist和nodding the head都是favour的宾语。
[尝试翻译] 在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
层级一 高频词汇练全
1．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①As in China，the climate in Canada varies(vary) depending on the area.
②Besides，China's high-speed railway network has connected various (vary) cities effectively，greatly saving travel time and promoting economic development.(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)
③如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
If you travel to Beijing，I will arrange a variety of/varieties of/various activities，varying from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace.(非谓语动词作状语)
(1)vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)a variety of/varieties of＝various 多种多样的
2．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①When he was approved(approve) as a volunteer at the group home，he felt very satisfied.
②I waited and waited but only a few raised hands to show their approval(approve).(读后续写之动作细节描写)
③When seeing the breakfast，the delighted mother gave the twins an approving(approve) look.
④经过热烈的讨论，老师最终同意我们制作视频来记录我们的在校经历。
After a heated discussion，the teacher finally approved of us making a video to record our experiences at school.
(1)approve sth 批准/通过某事
approve of (sb/one's) doing sth 赞同/同意(某人)做某事
(2)approval n. 赞成；同意；批准
give one's approval to... 同意/批准……
(3)approving adj. 赞许的；许可的
3．differ vi.相异；不同于
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The person I respect most is my headteacher who differs(differ) from other teachers in teaching.
②In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference(differ) between right and wrong.
③无论何时我都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾，我希望我的行为能起到作用。
I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible, hoping to make a difference．
(1)differ in ……方面不同
differ from 与……不同
(2)different adj. 不同的
be different from...(in...) 与……(在……方面)不同
(3)difference n. 不同(之处)
make a difference 有影响；很重要
4．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is no doubt that opportunities and success tend to favour(favour) those who are ready.(读后续写之主旨升华)
②By performing appropriate measures，we have created a favourable (favour) learning environment in the self-study room.(2022·浙江卷6月)
③当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。(读后续写之情绪描写)
He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't in favour of his opinion．
④我写信是想告诉你我暑假期间去山里捡垃圾的计划，我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙。
I'm writing to tell you about my plan to pick up garbage in the mountains during the summer vacation and I wonder if you could do me a favour．
(1)ask sb a favour 请某人帮忙
do sb a favour 帮某人忙
(2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成
in one's favour 对……有利
(3) favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的
5．break down 消除；分解；打破
[练透]——写出下列句中break down的含义/完成句子
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. (谈判)失败
②Your health will break down if you always stay up late. (身体)垮掉
③It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing. 发生故障
④Plastic bags are difficult to break down. (化学)分解
⑤如果你想消除误会，你应该当面向她道歉。
If you want to break down the misunderstanding，you should apologise to her face to face.
break into 破门而入；闯入
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up 结束；破裂
break through 突破
层级二 中频词汇练通
1．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的
[练透]——单句语法填空
①It is appropriate that we (should) start (start) a campaign to protect our environment.
②It's necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act appropriately (appropriate) towards other people.
(1)be appropriate to/for 适用于；合乎
be appropriate to do sth 做某事是合适的
(2)appropriately adv. 合适地；恰当地
inappropriate adj. 不合适的
2．anger n．愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒
[练透]——单句语法填空
①The man was filled with anger (angry) when he found he had been cheated.
②What angered(anger)me was that my son was employed in playing computer games every day.
(1)contain/hold back one's anger 抑制某人的怒火
be filled with anger＝be full of anger 充满怒气
(2)be angry with 对……生气
[板块二 经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：as引导原因状语从句
(教材原句)However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.
然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免作出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。
[练透]——写出下列句中as的含义/完成句子
①As I was busy preparing for my final exam，I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it. 因为
②I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.当……时候
③Four days later，when I was back in Vienna，I called Gunter as promised.(2024·新课标卷读后续写)按照
④虽然我们很累，但我们很高兴，从这样一个具有挑战性的活动中获益良多。(2023·浙江卷1月)
Exhausted as we were，we felt delighted and benefited a lot from such a challenging activity.(倒装句)
⑤随着时间的流逝，我开始意识到，每一个小小的善举都会对他人产生影响。(读后续写之主旨升华句)
As time went by，I came to realize that every small act of kindness makes a difference to others.
as用作连词，在本句中引导原因状语从句；as作连词，可引导以下几种状语从句：
(1)as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。
(2)as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；随着”。
(3) as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……；照着……”。
(4)as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，需把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前构成倒装句。
(5) as引导定语从句，意为“正如；正像”。
2．句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(教材原句)And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better(good) voice.
②It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier(happy) than I was.
③周围的稻田像一片金色的海洋，我从来没看见过比这更漂亮的景象！
The rice fields around me look like a golden sea.I have never seen more beautiful scenery than it!
④就我个人而言，在我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。
As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.
表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构：
(1)“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等；
(2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.课文重点词块默写
1．learn about 了解
2．be appropriate to 适合于
3．make eye contact 眼神交流
4．shake one's head 摇头
5．get through 通过，熬过(难关、困境等)
6．break down barriers 打破隔阂
7．ask for help 请求帮助
8．feel down or lonely 感到沮丧或孤独
Ⅱ.单词拼写/补全句子
1．Every day after school，he would employ himself in helping mom do housework.
2．I'm writing to see if you can do me a favour by giving some advice on how I should improve my speech.
3．With the guidance of her teacher，she developed appropriate (恰当的) ways to express her emotions.
4．We can make inferences (进行推断) through the given information and indication in the passage.
5．A smile can help us get through(渡过) difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Generally，body language 1.is employed (employ)to express thoughts and opinions in our 2.interaction(s) (interact) with other people.We can learn a lot about 3.what people are thinking by watching their body language.Body language 4.varies(vary) from culture to culture and we should use body language in a way that is appropriate 5.to/for the culture we are in.For example，in some countries，making eye contact is a way 6.to display(display) interest while in many Middle Eastern countries，it is not 7.socially(social) permitted between men and women.Also，the gesture for “OK”has different meanings in different cultures.Someone in Japan may think it means money but in France, a person 8.encountering(encounter) the gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.9.Although/Though/While above gestures have different meanings in different cultures，some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.For example，moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal is a good way of saying “I am full”．
Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.It can help us to get through 10.difficult(difficulty) situations and make ourselves feel happier and stronger.
课时规范训练(一)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He bows(鞠躬) to the nurse and the nurse returns the compliment every time they meet.
2．Chinese people often use some encouraging gestures(姿势) like smiling or nodding in small talk.
3．The young man witnessed(见证) the tearful，joyful and thrilling reunion of the husband and wife.
4．Lack of confidence is one of the main barriers (障碍) to his success.
5．Although some gestures vary(变化) across cultures，there are certain basic body language gestures that are universal.
6．Please remember to return the favour(帮助，恩惠)when he or she needs your help.
7．You can turn to your parents or teachers，who will help you choose the appropriate strategies to cope with your stress effectively.
8．We all approve of the measures taken to promote the development of the sharing economy.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Looking at my workmates，I put forward a plan，which met with their immediate approval (approve).
2．With the festival approaching，he was employed(employ) in making a list of all the work to be done.
3．My favorite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable by comparison (compare) to summer.
4．The companies with reliable(rely)quality，perfect service，reasonable price win the trust of new and old customers.
5．I have a number of hobbies, varying(vary) from playing basketball to playing the piano.
6．Generally speaking，price is determined through the interaction(interact) of demand and supply.
7．The cyclist wandered around，depressed and full of anger (angry).
8．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately (appropriate) will be refused permission to participate.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．直到那时我突然意识到没人比我妈妈更爱我了。
It was not until then that I was suddenly aware that nobody loved me more than my mom．
2．我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，指导我们修改一部短剧。
I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play.
3．主人有可能不喜欢你在餐桌旁就餐的方式。
The host may not like the way (that/in which) you have dinner at the dinner table.
4．认识到你自己的优缺点是自我提高的第一步。
Recognizing your own advantages and disadvantages is the first step to improve yourself.
5．我们的英语口语俱乐部经常组织各种各样的有意义的活动，鼓励我们获得乐趣的同时说英语。
Our Spoken English Club regularly organizes a variety of/varieties of/various meaningful activities，encouraging us to speak English as well as get pleasure.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Trying to figure out if your friend is angry You may look at his or her face.However，a new study finds when people are at the peak of joy or despair，their body language is a more reliable indicator of their emotions than their faces.
“You can't tell from the face alone if something good or bad is going on.When people see the faces alone，they're kind of lost，” said Julliel Hievet，a psychologist at the Hebrew University.“The body maintains a clear signal of positive and negative.”
Hievet also noted that most researches on reading emotions focused on the face.A few studies had shown people rely on body language to read emotions when it conflicts with someone's facial expressions，but those studies used trained actors in poses.
His research team wanted to see how people use body language to read intense emotions.To do so，his team gathered dozens of images of outstanding tennis players at the moment they won or lost critical points in competitions like the U．S.Open.They showed three groups of 15 participants' images of just the face，just the body，or both together，and asked the viewers whether the images showed positive or negative emotions.
People who saw the body—with or without the face—accurately distinguished whether the player was happy or distraught．Those who viewed just the faces failed to do so.
The team also transformed winning faces onto losing bodies and vice versa (反之亦然)，and found the body cues determined whether viewers thought the players had won.
The findings don't rule out the face from all emotional indicators，he said.“But when things become very intense，the good and the bad combine together，and it's hard to tell if it's positive or negative，” he added.
Interestingly，when people saw a body and face together，they said they made judgments based on facial expressions.“People use information from the body and then they read it into the face，” Hievet said.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，当人们处于快乐或绝望的顶峰时，他们的肢体语言比他们的面部表情更能反映他们的情绪。
1．Why are other studies mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To summarize the previous studies.
B．To prove the value of facial expressions.
C．To show the limitation of existing studies.
D.To introduce similar findings of other studies.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，第三段提到其他研究是为了指出现有研究的局限性，故选C。
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Research background.
B．Research method.
C．Research results.
D．Research application.
解析：B 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，第四段主要介绍了研究方法，故选B。
3．What does the underlined word “distraught” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Excited. B．Indifferent.
C．Shocked. D．Upset.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“...asked the viewers whether the images showed positive or negative emotions.”和画线单词所在句子可知，画线单词指的是上文的消极的情绪，即与happy是对应的，表示“心烦的”，与D项“upset(心烦的)”意思相近，故选D。
4．What does Hievet's quote in the last paragraph suggest
A．People may think it hard to read intense emotions.
B．People read more information from facial expressions.
C．People are unaware of using body language to read emotions.
D．People can distinguish emotions from body and facial expressions.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，Hievet在最后一段所说的话表明人们没有意识到他们在用肢体语言来解读情绪，故选C。
B
No pain，no gain，as the old exercise saying goes.But how much pain do you have to bear to benefit from training That depends on what you're trying to achieve，fitness experts say.
For years，some trainers have instructed gym-goers that to get the best results，they need to train until failure，meaning until they cannot physically do one more repetition or exercise.Some recent studies，however，suggest this extreme rule may only benefit certain people.
“If somebody wants to increase muscle (肌肉) mass as much as they possibly can，then training to failure is something to consider.” said Michael Zourdos，chair of exercise science and health promotion at Florida Atlantic University.
Zourdos and his colleagues found that training until failure may build bigger muscles，but isn't needed to increase strength.He said people who work out hard，but don't push themselves to the state of being totally tired out，will still likely improve their health and fitness.“There is a difference between training for health and training for excellent performance，” he said.
He also said failure training often comes at a cost，since people working to that standard might be so tired that they have no energy to join their next gym training or two.In extremely rare instances，overdoing it can be harmful，leading to a potentially fatal condition called rhabdomyolysis，where damaged muscles begin to break down，possibly causing kidney (肾脏) damage.
James Fisher，a sports science expert and consultant in Southampton，England，said whatever your fitness goal was，the concept of failure training could be applied into your workout.But people should then rest the muscle group they trained for roughly two days，he said.
For people who have more experience，experts recommend saving the failure training for occasional workouts，or on the last set of exercises in their training.“It's not meant to be for every person，every time they work out，” Fisher said.“This is a tough way to exercise.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了训练到力竭的利弊以及如何合理安排训练强度。
5．What is the function of the saying in the first paragraph
A．To give examples.
B．To lead in the topic.
C．To make comparisons.
D．To provide an argument.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可推知，这句话用于引出话题，讨论训练的强度和目标。故选B。
6．What does the author want to show by mentioning rhabdomyolysis
A．The harm of failure training.
B．The benefit of eating healthily.
C．The importance of bigger muscles.
D．The necessity of training in a gym.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“In extremely rare instances，overdoing it can be harmful，leading to a potentially fatal condition called rhabdomyolysis，where damaged muscles begin to break down，possibly causing kidney (肾脏) damage.”可推知，作者提到横纹肌溶解症是为了说明过度训练的危害。故选A。
7．What did James Fisher advise people to do after they train to failure
A．Try lifting weights at once.
B．Have their kidney checked.
C．Look for an excellent trainer.
D．Rest for about two days.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“But people should then rest the muscle group they trained for roughly two days，he said.”可知，James Fisher建议人们在训练到力竭后休息大约两天。故选D。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．How Hard Should You Train
B．How Often Should You Do Exercise
C．How Can You Improve Your Health
D．How Do You Lose Weight in a Healthy Way
解析：A 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中“But how much pain do you have to bear to benefit from training That depends on what you're trying to achieve，fitness experts say.”可知，文章主要讨论了训练到力竭的利弊以及如何合理安排训练强度，A项为最佳标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
The miracle of the seed never stops amazing me.For many years，I grew my own food，and over time became a seed __1__．Upon the arrival of Spring，I carefully put each seed in the soil, __2__it gently until it was gone from sight and resting in the __3__of the earth.Then came the time of expectation and __4__ waiting.
The great __5__ of the little green sprout (新芽) coming into view was always a moment of celebration! Over the summer months，I observed in wonder and appreciation as the sun and the rain __6__．The seed that had become a plant grew and grew，flowering，and __7__ many more of the very same seed.
In the fall，with great respect，I gathered the offerings of food，with such __8__ in knowing that there was enough to plant the following Spring.
During the __9__ winter months，garlic resting in baskets，potatoes layered in wood shavings，and dried corn and beans __10__ like jewels in glass jars represented hope.What a mystery they held，carrying the secret of the transmission (传递) of __11__ within!
They reproduced year after year in repeated generations.To participate in the journey with __12__ is to see the miracle contained in the cycle of life.The cooperation of the seasons and the elements all joined together，making life __13__．We certainly have an excellent example through the wisdom of nature __14__ before our eyes.We know the seeds we sow __15__ the future.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者种植作物、观察种子生长的过程，以及从中领悟到的生命循环和自然智慧的奇迹。
1．A.sharer B．trader
C．researcher D．saver
解析：D 根据前文“For many years，I grew my own food”以及后文的“I carefully put each seed in the soil”可知，作者自己种食物，并且每当春天到来的时候，作者会小心翼翼地播撒每颗种子，因此可以推断出作者是一个种子的保存者。故选D。
2．A.covering B．checking
C．selecting D．cleaning
解析：A 根据后文“until it was gone from sight”可知，作者要轻轻地盖上土，直到种子看不见了。故选A。
3．A.center B．beauty
C．embrace D．position
解析：C 根据前文“until it was gone from sight and resting in the”可知，种子被盖在土里，就像被土地的怀抱所拥抱一样。故选C。
4．A.helplessly B．patiently
C．hopelessly D．nervously
解析：B 根据前文“Then came the time of expectation”可知，作者在期待种子发芽，所以需要耐心地等待。故选B。
5．A.worry B．fear
C．joy D．relief
解析：C 根据后文“was always a moment of celebration”可知，看到小绿芽破土而出，总是让人庆祝的时刻，所以作者感到高兴。故选C。
6．A.turned their back B．paid their respect
C．made their way D．worked their magic
解析：D 根据后文“The seed that had become a plant grew and grew，flowering，and ________ many more of the very same seed.”可知，作者对太阳和雨水的作用感到惊奇和欣赏，因为那颗种子长成的植物越长越大，开花并接出了许多同样的种子，就像是太阳和雨水在施展魔法一样。故选D。
7．A.picking B．producing
C．spreading D．hiding
解析：B 根据前文“flowering”和后文“many more of the very same seed”可知，植物开花之后就会结出许多同样的种子。故选B。
8．A.doubt B．surprise
C．comfort D．courage
解析：C 根据后文“there was enough to plant the following Spring”可知，作者收获了足够的粮食和种子，并且明年春天有足够的种子可以播种，这让作者感到很安慰。故选C。
9．A.busy B．cold
C．boring D．difficult
解析：B 根据后文“winter months”可知，此处指寒冷的冬天。故选B。
10．A.shining B．breaking
C．dancing D．falling
解析：A 根据后文“like jewels in glass jars”可知，大蒜、土豆、干玉米和豆子放在容器里像珠宝一样闪闪发光。故选A。
11．A.life B．message
C．energy D．memory
解析：A 根据前文“What a mystery they held”可知，这些种子和粮食蕴含着某种秘密，再根据后文“To participate in the journey with ________ is to see the miracle contained in the cycle of life.”可知，作者与种子一起经历这段旅程，就是看到生命循环中的奇迹，此处指大蒜、土豆、干玉米和豆子承载着生命传递的秘密。故选A。
12．A.seasons B．flowers
C．crops D．seeds
解析：D 根据前文“They reproduced year after year in repeated generations.”可知，这些种子年复一年地繁殖，所以此处指与种子一起经历这段旅程。故选D。
13．A.possible B．interesting
C．simple D．meaningful
解析：A 根据前文“They reproduced year after year in repeated generations.To participate in the journey with ________ is to see the miracle contained in the cycle of life.The cooperation of the seasons and the elements all joined together”可知，种子年复一年地繁殖后代。作者带着种子参与旅程，就是看到生命循环中蕴含的奇迹，不同的季节的配合和元素的结合使生命变得有可能。故选A。
14．A.disappearing B．unfolding
C．returning D．improving
解析：B 根据前文“The cooperation of the seasons and the elements all joined together，making life ________．”以及后文“before our eyes”可知，不同的季节的配合和元素的结合使生命变得有可能，这是自然智慧展现在我们眼前的一个绝佳范例。故选B。
15．A.know B．win
C．protect D．decide
解析：D 根据后文“the future”可知，我们播下的种子将决定未来。故选D。Section Ⅳ Writing
Writing 1 描述肢体语言
描述肢体语言、说明肢体语言的意义的文章属于说明文。用灵活的语言对肢体语言进行生动的描写。
[满分微讲坛——范式素材感悟·有章可循]
一、课文范式推荐
二、话题素材积累
(一)介绍常见的某些肢体语言
1．People may have different body language even if they live in the same country.
即使生活在同一个国家，人们也可能会有不同的肢体语言。
2．People from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use.
来自不同文化的人可能会误解他们使用的手势。
(二)说明这些肢体语言在不同文化中的含义
1．In China，we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye” while meeting guests.
在中国，我们在会见客人时会挥手说“你好”或“再见”。
2．It is good manners to greet our guests by shaking hands with them.
和客人握手是礼貌的。
3．Like people in many other countries，we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake our heads to say “no”．
像许多其他国家的人一样，我们点头说“是”，摇头说“不”。
(三)掌握肢体语言的意义
1．If we can't understand the cultural differences between different countries，it may cause misunderstanding.
如果我们不了解不同国家之间的文化差异，这可能会引起误解。
2．Using body language in a correct way will help you to communicate with people in a foreign country.
正确地使用肢体语言将有助于你与外国人交流。
[满分练到位——妙笔成篇训练·立竿见影]
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友汤姆(Tom)写信和你讨论有关肢体语言的问题。请你给汤姆回信，告诉他你对肢体语言的理解。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
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[谋篇布局]
[遣词造句]
1．肢体语言是最重要的交际方式之一。
Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication．
2．它在与他人交流中起着很大的作用。
It plays a great role in communicating with others.
3．当我们与他人交谈时，我们可以使用话语、面部表情和身体动作。
When we talk with others，we can use words，facial expressions and body movements．
4．身体语言因国而异。
Body language varies from country to country．
5．了解外国的手势和动作的意义是很重要的。
It is important to know the meaning of gestures and movements of a foreign country.
6．正确地使用肢体语言会使我们在外国很容易被人理解。
Using body language in a correct way will make us easily understood in a foreign country．
7．我认为在我们的日常生活中学习和使用肢体语言是很有必要的。
I think it is necessary to learn and use body language in our daily life.
[词句升级]
8．用“not just ...but also ...”结构和状语从句的省略形式升级句3
When talking with others，we can not just use words，but also use facial expressions and body movements.
9．用it作形式宾语升级句7
I think it necessary to learn and use body language in our daily life.
[妙笔成篇]
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[参考范文]
Dear Tom，
Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication.It plays a great role in communicating with others.When talking with others，we can not just use words，but also use facial expressions and body movements.
Body language varies from country to country.As a result，it is important to know the meaning of gestures and movements of a foreign country.Using body language in a correct way will make us easily understood in a foreign country.
In a word，I think it necessary to learn and use body language in our daily life.
Yours，
Li Hua
Writing 2 语料积累 读后续写
[教材语料积累]
词汇 情感 描写 break down消除；分解；打破 anger n．愤怒；怒气→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的 reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 anxiety n．焦虑;担心；害怕→anxious焦虑的；担心 embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassment n．尴尬；窘迫 ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧
动作 描写 approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过 witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为 vi.& vt.口译 favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 bow vt.低(头) vi.鞠躬；点头 straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐 pose vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等) bend vt.& vi.(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向 lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 stare vi.盯着看；凝视 distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别 call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪 adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心
句型 1.There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part.(排比) 2．It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(比喻) 3．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies.(动作描写＋比喻) 4．Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown. (动作描写) 5．They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. (动作描写) 6．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually.(排比)
[续写语料运用]
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。
A girl riding a bike knocked down an old grandma.The girl didn't ① bother to help her up but blamed her ② in anger．Then the girl rode away.A moment later，the girl found her sports shoes on the backseat missing.To her surprise，the old grandma was waiting for her ③ with great anxiety．④ So ashamed and embarrassed was the girl that she ⑤ lowered her head and stared at the ground，feeling the blood rush to her face.The girl finally ⑥ broke down and wept without control．The old grandma ⑦ bent forward and stroked her head gently. 一个女孩骑车撞倒了一位老奶奶。女孩懒得扶她起来，而是愤怒地责备她。然后，她就骑着车走了。片刻之后，女孩发现后座上的运动鞋丢了。令她吃惊的是，老奶奶正焦急万分地在等她。女孩如此羞愧、尴尬，她低着头，盯着地面，感觉血液涌上了脸庞。女孩终于崩溃了，止不住地哭起来。老奶奶俯下身，温柔地抚摸着她的头。
