话题阅读·单元导入
Longji Rice Terraces
Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water，shining in the spring sun.Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. During autumn，these same mountains are gold，and in winter they are covered in sheets of white frost.These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces.
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people，to whom Guangxi is home.Starting in the Yuan Dynasty，work on the terraces took hundreds of years，until its completion in the early Qing Dynasty.Reaching as far as the eye can see，these terraces cover tall mountains，often from the bottom to the very top.
So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces Firstly，there are few large，flat areas of land in the region.Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.Secondly，although the region has plenty of rain，the mountains are steep and the soil is shallow.The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
[词海拾贝]
1．terrace n. 梯田
2．frost n. 霜
3．completion n. 完成；结束
4．region n. 地区，区域
5．steep adj. 陡的；陡峭的
6．shallow adj. 浅的
[我学我思]
Why did local people build terraces
Firstly，there are few large，flat areas of land in the region.Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.Secondly，the flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.Section Ⅲ Using Language
第一步：细读 知细节明察秋毫
Read the text on Pages 55－56 carefully，and then choose the best answer.
1．Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical pesticides
A．They can fight crop disease and increase production.
B．They harm both the land and people's health.
C．They can help produce rich soil.
D．They are not expensive.
2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
A．Pesticides can damage the land.
B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time.
C．Pesticides may kill harmful bacteria and insects.
D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer.
3．What can we know from the passage
A．The chemicals in the soil will soon disappear.
B．Pesticides are of great benefit to helpful bacteria.
C．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers can provide more essential minerals.
D．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow too fast.
4．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage
A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming.
B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich.
C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides.
D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops.
答案：1～4 ADDA
第二步：填空 辨难句拆分解读
1．When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，When引导的是时间状语从句，动词不定式to fight...作后置定语，修饰a great way。
[尝试翻译] 当它们首次被引入时，许多农民欢迎它们，认为它们是对抗作物病害和提高产量的绝佳方法。
2．In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the damage。
[尝试翻译] 事实上，一些杀虫剂，如滴滴涕，由于其对人类和环境造成的损害，已在大多数国家被禁用。
3．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more(much) water than essential minerals，and they often have less(little) flavour as well.(P55 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是由并列连词but和and连接的并列句。
[尝试翻译] 它们外表可能看起来很漂亮，但内部通常含有更多的水而不是必需的矿物质，而且它们通常也含有更少的味道。
4．The goal of using(use) different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health.(P56 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，to grow good food是不定式短语作表语，while avoiding...是状语从句的省略。
[尝试翻译] 采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境或人类健康。
5．Therefore，there is still a long way to find(find) a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy(health) as possible.(P56 Para.5)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution，while keeping...是状语从句的省略。
[尝试翻译] 因此，要找到一个既能让人有足够的食物可吃又能保持人和环境健康的可行方案，还有很长的路要走。
第三步：会写 析写作增分靓句
1．Find out the sentences describing the problems of pesticides.(找出描写农药问题的句子)
Pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.In addition，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.
2．Find out the sentences describing the definition of organic farming.(找出描写有机农业定义的句子)
Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.
3．Find out the sentences describing how organic farmers produce rich soil.(找出描写有机耕作的农民如何生产肥沃土壤的句子)
(1)They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.
(2)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
1．in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①As is known to us，all theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.
②When it was his turn to deliver (deliver) his speech，nervous and embarrassed，he walked towards the microphone.
③When my mother was ill，my brothers took turns to take(take) care of her.
④在32名中国游客的簇拥下，这位尴尬的挪威人被每个人依次拥抱，并被视为他们的英雄。(读后续写之场景描写)
Surrounded by all 32 Chinese tourists，the embarrassed Norwegian was hugged by each in turn and greeted as their hero.
by turns 轮流地
take turns (to do sth) 轮流(做某事)
It's one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
2．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①To protect the environment，public transportation and walking can be an alternative to private cars.
②When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time，you can bring a bunch of flowers or alternatively(alternative) buy a carton of milk.
③担心其他孩子会嘲笑他，大卫别无选择只好放弃越野赛，眼里闪烁着泪花。
Afraid that other kids would laugh at him，David had no alternative but to quit/give up the cross-country run，with tears clouding his eyes.
(1)have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth 有做某事的选择
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地；或者
3．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
adj. deep high wide long strong broad
n. depth height width length strength breadth
v. deepen heighten widen lengthen strengthen broaden
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We have expressed the depth(deep) of our gratitude to them.
②My happiness deepened(deep)when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty.
③不仅仅是你的热情，还有你的团队意识和精神风貌都给我们留下了深刻印象。
It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us deeply．
[板块二 经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：not only...but (also)...意为“不仅……而且……”
(教材原句)For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
[练透]——完成句子/句式升级
①北京不仅是我们国家的政治中心，而且也是我们国家的经济中心。
Beijing is not only the political center but also the economic center of our country.
②Ocean not only offers us plenty of food，but also it maintains the balance of nature.
→Not only does ocean offer us plenty of food，but also it maintains the balance of nature.(倒装)
(1)“not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词来决定单复数(就近原则)；
(2)not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。
2．句型公式：现在分词(短语)作结果状语
(教材原句)Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.
种植不同的作物的原因是它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤中，使其为下一批作物做好准备。
[练透]——完成句子
①Mac差点被恶狼抓住，这把他扔进黑暗和绝望的世界。(读后续写之心理描写)
Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf, throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness．
②简非常愤怒地独自离开，结果发现她在陌生的树林中迷路了。(读后续写之心理描写)
Jane left alone with extreme anger, only to find that she was lost in the unfamiliar forest．
③我们正在利用各种在线课程进行深度学习，从而更容易地提高自己。
We are taking advantage of various online programs for further study, making it easier to improve ourselves．
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；
(2)动词不定式(短语)作结果状语，表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Being equipped with global vision(视野) and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's young generations.
2．There is no doubt that the widespread(广泛的) use of AI will bring us more convenience.
3．Experts in nutrition (营养)suggest that we should eat at least five different kinds of vegetables and fruits a day.
4．The organization tries to educate people and gives them the tools they need to lift themselves out of poverty (贫穷).
Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式
1．Winter is coming，and a thick cover should be put on the vegetables to keep them free from/of(使……免于) cold.
2．For instance(例如)，failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.
3．In order to reduce pollution，we human beings have no alternative but to choose (别无选择，只能选择)some clean resources.
4．I am at a loss how to deal with the problem，so I have no choice but to turn to(向……求助) you for help.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Given the fact that chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers can fight crop disease and increase production，they 1.have been(be) in widespread use since the 1950s.However，with time going by，they have been proved 2.harmful (harm) to the environment and human health if 3.used (use) for a long time.To tackle the problems，farmers have switched to organic farming 4.as an alternative.And organic food has become 5.a favorite for many customers.Organic farmers rely on it that natural means could keep their soil rich and free of disease.Different organic methods have come up，6.whose goal is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to the human health.7.However，organic farming cannot replace chemical farming with a huge number of people 8.to feed (feed) worldwide.There is still a long way to go before scientists find a suitable 9.solution (solve) that can satisfy the high demand for food while 10.protecting (protect) the environment.
课时规范训练(三)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect(方面).
2．You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest(消化).
3．Don't judge anything about the idea until you have understood it entirely (完全地).
4．An increasing number of families are choosing to grow veg and fruit using organic(有机的) methods.
5．Apart from what you have mentioned above，do you have any alternative (其他的) plan.
6．It is essential (完全必要的) that everyone should be prepared for emergencies.
7．What's worse，the production of the harmful chemicals(化学物质) pollutes our environment.
8．The plan received widespread(广泛的) support throughout the country.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth (deep) of her knowledge.
2．The news shocked the public, leading (lead) to a heated discussion among the wives.
3．However，we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely( entire).
4．Tom adjusted to his new school and overcame(overcome) his shyness，thus boosting(boost) his confidence.
5．As the saying goes，reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting (digest).
6．Have you thought about the problem from different aspects(aspect)
7．The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional (nutrition) content.
8．The seawater would found its way into my mouth，which was bitter and salty(salt).
Ⅲ.应用文写作——“有机耕作”为主题的投稿
1．一些贫穷国家的农民使用大量化肥，希望以此增加产量，这种做法很普遍。
It's widespread that farmers in some poor countries use large quantities of fertilisers in the hope of increasing production．
2．农业科学家已经证明，化学农业对土地有害，使农产品缺乏营养。
What agricultural scientists have proved is that chemical farming could harm the land and make the produce less nutritious．
3．我认为我们应该做的是集中发展有机农业，同时我们要减少化肥和杀虫剂的使用。
I think what we should do is to focus on developing organic farming while reducing the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
4．我们也应该选择其他替代方法来为我们的餐桌生产安全的食物。
We should also seek other alternative methods to produce safe food for our dinner table.
5．例如，我们可以利用不同深度的土壤种植作物，来充分利用土地。
For instance，we can grow crops using different depths of soil to make full use of the earth．
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recently，the topic “Chinese people can eat such a sweet melon but can't do without this grandma”has topped the hot search list.The grandma is 94-year-old Wu Mingzhu，called the“queen of melons”，a melon-growing expert and academician.
Among Wu Mingzhu's classmates was Yuan Longping，who later became the“father of hybrid rice”．
Wu Mingzhu was born in 1930 into a scholarly family in Wuhan city.After her graduation in 1953，she was assigned to work in Beijing.But Wu had already set her eyes on her long-awaited goal.“What I studied was the science of fruit and vegetables.I wanted to work in the fields not in an office，”said Wu.
In 1955，Wu voluntarily went to work in Shanshan County，Turpan Basin，where working conditions were quite hard.She found that the Hami melon，a rare specialty fruit which was once common in the area，was in danger of becoming extinct if not properly cultivated(种植).Wu spent years visiting over 300 production teams，picking out 44 melon varieties.She overcame a variety of difficulties to produce particularly delicious melons in a scientific way，winning over the local farmers accustomed (习惯的)to folk cultivation methods.Then the promotion area covered most of Xinjiang's main commodity areas，and a group of melon-rich villages appeared.
For more than 60 years，Wu Mingzhu and her team has cultivated more than 30 varieties, brought the sweetness of melons to people，and promoted the melon series with Chinese characteristics and a complete breeding innovation system to the world.When first hearing her nickname of “a pearl in the Turpan Basin”，Wu said，“In Xinjiang，there are thousands of science and technology workers like me.They have worked hard for decades on the frontline of agriculture.I'm just one of the ordinary ones.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了“甜瓜女王”吴明珠潜心研究甜瓜60多年，帮助我们实现吃瓜自由的故事。
1．Why does the author mention Yuan Longping in the first paragraph
A．To tell us Wu's partner and social circle.
B．To let us get a further understanding of Wu.
C．To make a comparison between Wu and Yuan.
D．To prove Wu's success resulting from Yuan's help.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The grandma is 94-year-old Wu Mingzhu ... who later became the‘father of hybrid rice’．”可知，第一段主要介绍吴明珠的信息，提到袁隆平是为了让我们进一步了解吴明珠。
2．Why did Wu dislike the job in Beijing
A．She preferred to research in the fields.
B．She was attracted by Xinjiang's fruit.
C．She wanted to go back to her hometown.
D．She thought Beijing unsuitable for agriculture.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“What I studied was the science of fruit and vegetables. I wanted to work in the fields not in an office”可知，吴明珠不喜欢在北京的工作是因为比起在办公室里工作，她更喜欢在田间做研究。
3.How did Wu persuade the locals to adopt her way of producing melons
A．By expanding the planting area.
B．By sharing expert knowledge with them.
C．By providing enough financial assistance.
D．By developing high-quality melons scientifically.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“She overcame a variety of difficulties ... and a group of melon-rich villages appeared.”可知，吴明珠以科学的方式生产出特别美味的瓜，即通过成功研发出优质瓜，说服了当地人放弃了旧的种植方法。
4．Which of the following best describes Wu
A．Promising. B．Devoted.
C．Confident. D．Patient.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，60多年来吴明珠致力于培育优质瓜种，她全心全意奉献于自己的事业。
B
Using genes from coffee plants from around the world，researchers built a family tree for the world's most popular kind of coffee.Scientists call it Coffea arabica.Coffee lovers know it simply as “arabica”．
The researchers recently published a new study about coffee.They found that the species appeared around 600，000 years ago.The plant was likely the result of natural breeding(繁殖) of two other coffee species and likely developed without the help of humans.
Wild coffee plants likely started in Ethiopia.But they are thought to have been first roasted (炒) and brewed in Yemen starting in the 1400s.In the 1600s，Indian monk Baba Budan is said to have taken seven raw coffee beans back to his homeland from Yemen，laying the beginnings for coffee's worldwide takeover.
Arabica coffee，loved for its smooth and sweet flavour，now makes up 60 to 70 percent of the global coffee market.The rest of the market is made up of robusta，a stronger and more bitter-tasting coffee made from one of arabica's parents，Coffea canephora.
To learn about arabica coffee's past，researchers studied the genetic information and they also studied more than 30 different arabica plants.One of the plants was a sample from the 1700s provided by the Natural History Museum in London.The Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus used that plant to give coffee its scientific name.Researchers from Nestle，a big Swiss food company which owns several coffee brands，helped with the study.
The arabica plant's population changed over thousands of years before humans began growing it.The arabica plants did well during warm，wet periods and suffered through dry ones.These difficult times created what scientists call “population bottlenecks”，when only a small number of genetically similar plants survived.
Today，these genetic similarities mean arabica coffee plants are more likely to be hurt by diseases like coffee leaf rust (锈病)，which causes costly losses every year.The researchers explored the makeup of one arabica variety that is resistant to coffee leaf rust.They are interested in parts of its genetic code that could help protect the plant.
Exploring arabica's past and present could help give information about how to keep coffee plants healthy—ensuring morning cups of coffee into the future.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用来自世界各地的咖啡植物的基因，为世界上最受欢迎的一种咖啡建立了家谱。
5．When did people start creating coffee products probably
A．About 6，000，000 ago.
B．In the 1400s.
C．In the 1600s.
D．In the 1700s.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But they are thought to have been first roasted (炒) and brewed in Yemen starting in the 1400s.”可知，人们大概是在15世纪开始生产咖啡产品的。故选B。
6．What can we learn about Coffea canephora from the text
A．It occupies the vast majority of the market share.
B．It is more popular among coffee lovers.
C．It has a certain connection with Coffea arabica.
D．Scientists use it to give coffee its scientific name.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The rest of the market is made up of robusta，a stronger and more bitter-tasting coffee made from one of arabica's parents，Coffea canephora.”可推知，Coffea canephora与阿拉比卡咖啡有一定的联系。故选C。
7．Why have researchers established a family tree for Coffee arabica
A．To search for common genes.
B．To explore the history of the coffee industry.
C．To open up new coffee producing areas.
D．To improve the disease resistance of coffee.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究人员要建立阿拉比卡咖啡的家谱是为了提高咖啡的抗病性。故选D。
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Genetic Changes in Coffee
B．Researchers Study Coffee's Past
C．Development of Various Types of Coffee
D．The Situation Faced by the Coffee Industry
解析：B 标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段内容可知，文章主要讲的是研究人员利用来自世界各地咖啡植物的基因，为世界上最受欢迎的一种咖啡建立了一个家谱。由此可知，文章的合适标题是“研究人员研究咖啡的过去”。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
My mom is a very skilled cook，but she didn't have the time to __1__ it the way I do when she was young.Mom was the first woman in her family to __2__ outside the house，but that did not mean that her __3__ at home diminished (减少).
Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family，all before 7：30 a．m.，after which she would run to work.She would __4__ at 5 p．m.，after which she would be busy with dinner，dishes，laying out clothes for the next day.She would fall into bed，__5__，only to wake up the next morning and repeat the __6__ all over again.
My love for cooking __7__ when I was homesick in England，and the food of homeland made me feel __8__ to my family.My mom is living with me now.I have a lot of cookbooks from all over the world because I __9__ cooking food that I have never known before.Mom's recipes (食谱) were all handed down from her parents.Mom is unhappy when she sees me __10__ anything that she considers useful.She tells me that __11__ food makes her feel ill.I know she is right and decide to change my __12__，considering her __13__— she grew up in a small village in India.
Though we have __14__ styles of cooking，I like staying in the kitchen with my mother.We are friends now and I __15__ my relationship with this amazing woman.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与母亲之间的故事，特别是与烹饪相关的经历和情感联系。
1．A.admire B．enjoy
C．share D．learn
解析：B 根据后文“Mom was the first woman in her family to ________outside the house”可知，妈妈是家里第一个外出工作的女人，以及下文可知，妈妈要做很多工作，所以是不能享受烹饪的乐趣。故选B。
2．A.work B．search
C．practice D．travel
解析：A 根据后文“after which she would run to work”可知，妈妈是家里第一个外出工作的女人。故选A。
3．A.difficulties B．suggestions
C．excuses D．responsibilities
解析：D 根据后文“Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family，all before 7：30 a．m.”以及“after which she would be busy with dinner，dishes，laying out clothes for the next day”可知，妈妈要为家里做很多事，所以并不意味着她在家里的责任减少了。故选D。
4．A.train B．pack
C．return D．call
解析：C 根据前文“after which she would run to work”以及后文“after which she would be busy with dinner”可知，前文说妈妈去工作，后文说准备晚餐，所以应是在下午5点下班回来。故选C。
5．A.anxious B．annoyed
C．awkward D．tired
解析：D 根据前文“Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family，all before 7：30 a．m.，after which she would run to work.She would ________ at 5 p．m.，after which she would be busy with dinner，dishes，laying out clothes for the next day.”可知，妈妈一天的工作非常多，所以是疲倦的。故选D。
6．A.schedule B．question
C．method D．mistake
解析：A 根据前文的“repeat”和后文的“all over again”可知，应是重复前一天的日程。故选A。
7．A.continued B．mattered
C．changed D．began
解析：D 根据后文“when I was homesick in England”可知，作者在英国想家的时候，开始了对烹饪的热爱，因为家乡的食物让作者觉得和家人更亲近。故选D。
8．A.open B．important
C．close D．convenient
解析：C 根据前文“when I was homesick in England，and the food of homeland made me”可知，作者在英国想家，所以家乡的食物让作者觉得和家人更亲近。故选C。
9．A.stop B．like
C．avoid D．finish
解析：B 根据前文“My love for cooking”可知，作者喜欢烹饪，所以此处是喜欢烹饪她以前从不知道的食物。故选B。
10．A.looking for B．cutting out
C．throwing away D．noting down
解析：C 根据前文的“Mom is unhappy”以及后文“that she considers useful”结合选项可知，应是“扔掉她认为有用的东西时，她很不高兴”符合语境。故选C。
11．A.serving B．choosing
C．preparing D．wasting
解析：D 根据前文“Mom is unhappy when she sees me ________anything that she considers useful.”可知，妈妈对作者扔掉她认为有用的东西，也就是浪费食物感到不舒服。故选D。
12．A.behavior B．job
C．mind D．lifestyle
解析：A 根据前文“I know she is right”可知，作者觉得妈妈是对的，所以应是改变自己的行为。故选A。
13．A.age B．personality
C．background D．progress
解析：C 根据后文“she grew up in a small village in India”可知，这是妈妈的背景。故选C。
14．A.simple B．different
C．unique D．traditional
解析：B 根据前文“I have a lot of cookbooks from all over the world because I ________cooking food that I have never known before.Mom's recipes (食谱) were all handed down from her parents.”可知，作者喜欢烹饪她以前从不知道的食物，而妈妈的食谱都是她父母传下来的，所以她们有不同的烹饪风格。故选B。
15．A.treasure B．understand
C．manage D．examine
解析：A 根据前文“We are friends now”可知，作者和妈妈是朋友了，所以应是珍惜和这个了不起的女人的关系。故选A。Section Ⅱ Learning About Language & Discovering Useful Structures
主语从句
[背美文 悟语法]
Since he graduated from college，he had been in low spirits.①What made him upset was that his mother was always complaining about something.His father had been out of work for a long time.It worried him ②that their family would get into debt if he couldn't find a suitable job.However，③what he was thinking about was what his parents didn't understand.They often urged him to look for a job as soon as possible.It was really a problem for him ④that he didn't know how to communicate with his parents.⑤Whether he would find a job in the local factory was bothering him，for he planned to go to a bigger city. 以上黑体部分均为主语从句，在整个句子中充当主语，一般放在句首，如①③⑤；也可以用形式主语it代替，而将从句后置，如②④。⑤中的Whether意为“是否”，引导主语从句，不可换成if。
一、主语从句的定义
在主从复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。
What's the most important is that the books can help me out when I feel depressed.
最重要的是，当我感到沮丧的时候，书可以帮助我摆脱困境。
It worried the mother that her son was always playing computer games.
她儿子总是玩电脑游戏，这位母亲对此很担心。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
二、主语从句的引导词
1．连接词that和whether
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That we should develop a healthy lifestyle is crucial.
我们应该养成健康的生活方式，这很重要。
(2)whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
[名师指津] whether引导主语从句时，既可直接位于句首，也可以位于句末。
[即时即练1] 完成句子
①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
That she could come to help us made us very happy.
②她来不来都关系不大。
Whether she comes or not doesn't matter too much.
2．连接代词(who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 whatever、 whichever、 whoever、 whomever等)
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Who will win the game is difficult to guess，because the two players are equal with each other.
谁会赢得比赛很难猜测，因为这两位选手平分秋色。
Whoever shows great interest in cycling is qualified to participate in the competition.
无论谁对骑行感兴趣都有资格参加比赛。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
你在业余时间做任何事情都不应该伤害其他人。
[名师指津] who引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。
3．连接副词(when、 where、 why、 how等)
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How we can deal with frustration in our study is very important.
我们如何应对学习中的挫折是极其重要的。
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延迟的航班什么时候起飞主要取决于天气状况。
Where I spend my summer vacation is none of your business.
我在哪里度暑假不关你的事。
[即时即练2] 用适当的连接词填空
①What had seemed like an impossible task has now been accomplished.
②That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.
③Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.
⑤In my opinion, what benefits students most is reading English books，for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English.
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
为了避免主语显得过长，尤其是陈述句作主语从句时，可以用it作句子的形式主语，把主语从句移到句子的末尾。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important、 (un)likely、 possible、 wrong、 natural、 necessary等
It＋系动词＋名词(词组)＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词(词组)有a fact、 an idea、 an honour、 a wonder、 no wonder、 a pity等
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known、 believed、 proved、 said、 decided、 suggested、 thought等
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的不及物动词有appear、 happen、 seem、 occur、 matter等
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他们今天是否去购物取决于天气情况。
For example，it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
举例来说，中国人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.
难怪你的学生们进步这么大。
[即时即练3] 句型转换
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→It surprised us that he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn't been decided yet.
→It hasn't been decided yet whether they will sell the house.
③That English is the most widely used language in the world is known to all.
→It is known to all that English is the most widely used language in the world.
四、主语从句的语序和时态问题
1．主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序，尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候，主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
2．主语从句的时态需要根据具体语境来确定，尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候，有时会和when引导的时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
[即时即练4] 单句语法填空
①What surprised me most was (be) that he failed in the exam which was very easy.
②When and where the meeting will be held has been decided (decide) already.
五、主语从句作主语时谓语动词的单复数
主语从句作主语相当于名词，和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者动词不定式作主语一样看作单数，句子谓语应该使用第三人称单数形式。what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。
That you don't like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
医生们真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are sometimes safely edible.
通常被认为有毒的真菌有时可以安全食用。
[即时即练5] 单句语法填空
①Whether it will do us harm or good remains (remain) to be seen.
②What are used as chief building materials today are (be) steel and concrete.
③What makes it different from others is (be) that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertiliser.
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With time going by, what once seemed vital in our life is no longer important now.
2．It is universally acknowledged that China has become powerful and it is not what it used to be decades ago.
3．It makes no difference whether you support my plan or not.
4．What is known to us all is that the Nobel Prize in Literature 2023 was awarded to the Norwegian author Jon Fosse.
5．From the look on Mary's face，it was evident that they've found no evidence so far who had stolen the computers in the office.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元的语法
1．What I have learned is that (我所了解的是) you will hold an activity with the theme of “Chinese Language Day”，which falls on January 20th.Here are some tips to make it amazing and educational.From my point of view，2.it is important that (重要的是)you should engage audience in entertaining activities.3.It is a fact that (这是一个事实)Chinese calligraphy demonstrates the beauty of Chinese characters，so you can start with it.More importantly，to highlight the unmatched charm of this elegant language，a Chinese speech contest is highly recommended.There is no denying that 4.whatever you do should be relevant to the topic(你所做的一切都应该与这个主题有关).5.It is up to you whether you will adopt the above suggestions(是否采纳上述建议由你决定).I sincerely hope you could record this unforgettable show and share your achievement with me！
课时规范训练(二)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What she really missed was going outdoors and walking the dog for her neighbor.
2．Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown.
3．What really sets Hua apart from any average college student is her amazing learning ability.
4．It is not a problem whether we can win the battle；it's just a matter of time.
5．What I want to tell you is that it doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.
6．What comes first on my recommendation list is Mr. Bai's Tang Poems for the reasons below.
7．Sometimes, it can make a difference when we look at a question from a different angle.
8．It is a great pity that a famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty.
9．When he will come back from Canada isn't known，so I will call him up to check the exact time.
10．Whether you can make your dream come true depends on hard work more than luck.
11．It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
12．Whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
13．That my parents always treat me as a little child makes me very unhappy.
14．It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.
15．Whether we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．他们所做的事情深深地感动了我们，我们的泪水止不住地往下流。
What they had done deeply moved us，our tears rolling down without control.
2．约翰突然想到他可以做爆米花来帮助伯纳德，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
It occurred to John that he could make popcorn to help Bernard，his eyes glittering with excitement.
3．不确定他是否能够成功地吓跑狼，他的心吓得狂跳。
It was uncertain whether he could successfully frighten away the wolf，his heart beating wildly with extreme fright.
4．更糟糕的是，不知不觉间树林里起雾了，这无疑增加了我们找到回家的路的难度。
What was worse was that fog crept in the forest without being noticed，which undoubtedly added to our difficulty finding our way home.
5．如何提高英语口语对我来说仍然是一个难题，因此我写信向你寻求建议。
How I will improve my spoken English is still a puzzle to me，so I am writing to ask for your advice.
6．英语作为一种国际语言，正日益被人们所接受，这是一个事实。
It is a fact that English，as an international language，is increasingly accepted by people.
7．吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得到证实。
That eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength has been proved.
Ⅲ.语法填空
In April，the planting season 1.________(start) on an ecological(生态) farm in a northeastern village of Beijing.
Being ecological，the farm doesn't use chemical fertilizers，herbicides and pesticides，reducing pollution and carbon emissions as much 2.________ possible during production.
The 3.________ (farm) owner Shi Yan，41，has been promoting ecological farming in China for over a decade.She has just finished the 44th training program for “new farmers” 4.________ want to run ecological farms like Shi.
“In the past century，some agricultural production methods 5.________ (have) a negative impact on the environment and people's health，” she said，adding that it is why so many people are interested in ecological agriculture 6.________ present，which could make some positive changes.
7．________ (advance) green development in the agricultural area，China aims to build 1，000 national ecological farms and 10，000 at the local level across the nation by 2025，according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.Last year，Shi's farm was recognized as one of the national-level farms.
Shi has been heavily reported during the past decade for 8.________ (be) a “farmer” who holds a doctoral degree in agriculture.Her passion for ecological farming was kindled back in 2008，9.________ she first experienced community-supported agriculture (CSA) in the United States.
With CSA，farmers and a community of individuals provide mutual support and share the risks and 10.________ (benefit) of a farm's operation.Farmers promise to produce agricultural products without using chemicals，and community members enjoy the supply of fresh，safe food from the farm.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了新型生态农场所有人石嫣十多年来一直在中国推广生态农业。
1．解析：starts 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空格处为句子谓语部分，主语the planting season是第三人称单数形式，时间状语是In April，应使用一般现在时。故填starts。
2．解析：as 考查固定句式结构。空格处构成固定句式结构“as＋adj./adv.＋as possible”，表示“尽可能……”符合句意。故填as。
3．解析：farm's 考查名词所有格。空格处为定语修饰名词owner，表示“……的”，应使用's所有格，符合句意。故填farm's。
4．解析：who/that 考查定语从句。空格处缺少定语从句引导词，先行词是new farmers，定语从句缺少主语，应使用关系代词who或者that，故填who/that。
5．解析：have had 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空格处为句子谓语部分，根据时间状语In the past century可知，应使用现在完成时，主语methods是复数形式。故填have had。
6．解析：at 考查介词。空格处构成固定短语at present，表示“目前，现在”，此处缺少介词at。故填at。
7．解析：To advance 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处为句子目的状语，应使用不定式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To advance。
8．解析：being 考查非谓语动词。空格处为介词for的宾语，应使用动词-ing形式。故填being。
9．解析：when 考查定语从句。空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是2008，从句缺少时间状语，应使用关系副词when。故填when。
10．解析：benefits 考查名词的数。空格处和前面的the risks共同用作动词share的宾语，表示“好处，益处”应使用复数形式，故填benefits。
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
My youngest son has a severe form of Autism (自闭症).He only says a few words and is in his own world most of the time.Yet，with medicine，routines，and a lot of love，support，acceptance，and understanding he has been able to live a happy life here.There is one problem，however，that he still has: he is hard on his clothes ripping (抽出) threads out of his trousers and tearing his shirts.This means that I spend a lot of time in stores looking for cheap clothes to replace them.
The other day I was in one of these stores looking for a blue sweatshirt to replace one he had torn up.As I was walking down an aisle (过道) I heard “Come Back Here！” followed by a laughter.A little，three-year-old girl was running down the aisle laughing and making a break from her Mom.She ran right up to me and held open her arms to be picked up.I saw her Mom smile at us so I picked up the little kid and carried her back to her Mom's arms.
Then I turned the corner and saw an elderly lady stretching up to reach a purse on a super high shelf.I asked if I could help and when she said “yes” I got on my tip toes to grab it for her.Finally，I reached the sweatshirts and found one that I knew would make my son laugh with delight when he saw it.
As I walked toward the cashier I saw the older lady paying for her purse with a smile and behind her the little girl jumping up and down with joy，holding her Mom's hand and carrying an old doll her Mom had found for her.As I took my place in line I suddenly felt a sense of peace，joy，and love filling my heart.I realized that me，my son，that Mom，her girl，and that lady were all one family，in one world，filled with kindness and love for us all.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在为自闭症儿子购买衣物时，遇到了一些温馨的小插曲，并感受到人与人之间的爱与善意。
1．What's the problem of the author's son at present
A．Tearing at his clothes.
B．Looking for cheap clothes.
C．Replacing his clothes often.
D．Living a sad life every day.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“There is one problem，however，that he still has: he is hard on his clothes ripping (抽出) threads out of his trousers and tearing his shirts.”可知，作者的儿子目前的问题是撕扯他的衣服。故选A。
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The author's anxiety of shopping.
B．A heartwarming scene of a small kid.
C．A mother's pride about her small kid.
D．The hardship of the author's own life.
解析：B 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，这段主要讲述了一个小女孩的温馨场景。故选B。
3．What did the author do for the elderly lady
A．He paid the bill.
B．He bought shirts.
C．He helped her.
D．He made her laugh.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Then I turned the corner and saw an elderly lady stretching up to reach a purse on a super high shelf.I asked if I could help and when she said ‘yes’ I got on my tip toes to grab it for her.”可知，作者帮助了这位老太太。故选C。
4．What feeling did the author show in the last paragraph
A．Regretful. B．Concerned.
C．Anxious. D．Relieved.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As I took my place in line I suddenly felt a sense of peace，joy，and love filling my heart.I realized that me，my son，that Mom，her girl，and that lady were all one family，in one world，filled with kindness and love for us all.”可推知，作者在最后一段表达了一种释然的感觉。故选D。
B
For most of human history，people raised crops and livestock to feed their households rather than to sell them for profit.This began to shift after the Industrial Revolution，which saw the rise of plantation farming.
Industrial farming not only increased the crop-growing areas，but changed the techniques used by farmers.Instead of switching the crops that were grown on a field each year，entire plantations would be devoted to a single crop.This approach and intensive modes of farming led to destruction of local biodiversity and land worsening—within years，and fields would cease to produce crops.
“Farmers still hold the view that land is cheap and limitless，” said Crystal Davis from the World Resources Institute.“Most of them just cut down more trees，when new land is needed.”
“To meet our ecological goals，we need to stop turning natural ecosystems to farmland，” Davis said.“We can achieve this in part by bringing back the land's ecological wholeness and productivity.”
Davis points to the 20×20 initiative (倡议)，which has seen 18 South American and Caribbean countries commit to recovering 50 million hectares of land by 2030.It includes a number of projects aimed at introducing agroforestry (混农林业) practices to cocoa and coffee farms in Colombia and Nicaragua.There farmers are encouraged to grow crops while introducing more trees to their land.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工业化农业带来的不良影响和转向可再生农业的过程。
5．What can we learn about industrial farming
A．It existed for most of human history.
B．It changed farming methods.
C．It increased crop production steadily.
D．It reduced crop-planting areas.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Industrial farming not only increased the crop-growing areas，but changed the techniques used by farmers.”可知，工业化农业改变了农民耕作的方法。故选B项。
6．Which of the following do most farmers do at present
A．Abuse the land for quick profit.
B．Desert wide areas of plantations.
C．Adopt modern technology to farm.
D．Plant more trees to satisfy global need.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，直到今天，人们仍然有这种“为了赚钱而消耗土地”的想法。故选A项。
7．What can be inferred about the 20×20 initiative
A．It advocates eco-friendly farming.
B．It involves countries around the world.
C．It encourages farmers to develop more land.
D．It focuses on increasing cocoa and coffee output.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，20×20倡议不仅承诺到2030年恢复5 000万公顷土地，还引入了混农林业。由此可推知，该倡议倡导环境友好型农业。故选A项。
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Can We Take up Farming
B．How Can We Feed the World
C．Meeting Our Ecological Goals
D．Shifting to Regenerative Agriculture
解析：D 标题归纳题。第一段提到工业革命后农业开始转向种植园；第二、三段重点介绍了工业化农业带来的不良影响；第四、五段重点介绍了转向环境友好型农业种植。由此可知，D项“Shifting to Regenerative Agriculture”最能概括全文。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Looking for a rewarding volunteering activity Get outdoors and glean (拾落穗)! Picking fresh，healthy produce that is donated to food banks is a win-win activity. __1__
Gleaning is not a new concept.In 18th-century England，there was a law that unharvested crops should be given away to the poor.These days，there is a lot of produce that sits in the fields after harvest. __2__ They will usually plant too much or will leave the produce that looks imperfect.Unfortunately，much of this produce would go unused in the field.
Gleaning offers farm-fresh，healthy food for people concerned about food security.That is where gleaners come in.Gleaning addresses farm waste and food poverty by providing free healthy food straight from farm to table.And today，with a cost of living crisis，there are more hungry people. __3__ In 2017，there were five gleaning groups in the UK，while today there are 25.
Holly，head of the Cornwall Gleaning Group，said that her volunteers send around 300 boxes a week to food banks and community kitchens in her area. __4__ “Any time I go gleaning，I am lifted up.For the volunteers，it's so good for mental health，getting outside and doing something practical that's good for the planet，” Holly said.
__5__ To make this happen，more groups need to be established with farmers and more people need to volunteer their time to help.This form of helping may soon become common.It is rewarding for volunteers who harvest in the fields and it also offers fresh and nutritious food to those who need it the most.
A．They find the work very delightful.
B．Luckily，interest in gleaning is growing.
C．Hopes are that awareness will continue to grow.
D．And it is also gaining popularity across the globe.
E．To assist the hungry people，more crops will be grown.
F．This is due to overproduction on the part of the farmers.
G．From farm to table，gleaning is often a worthless experience.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是拾落穗这个志愿者活动。
1．解析：D 前句“到户外去拾落穗！挑选新鲜、健康的农产品捐赠给食品银行是一项双赢的活动。”，空格处应该继续对这项活动进行说明或评论，D选项中的it指的就是空前所说的“Picking fresh，healthy produce”，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
2．解析：F 前句“如今，收获后的田地里有很多农产品。”，空格处应该解释为什么会这样，空后说“他们通常会种植太多，或者留下看起来不完美的产品。” F选项说明空前所说的情况是因为农民生产过剩，其中“overproduction”和空后的“plant too much”相一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
3．解析：B 空后说人们对拾落穗的兴趣在增加，B选项引起下文，符合语境，故选B。
4．解析：A 空后说明参加拾落穗的人觉得这个活动可以让他们很高兴，A选项引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
5．解析：C 空后说“为了实现这一目标，需要与农民建立更多的团体，需要更多的人自愿献出时间来提供帮助。”，C选项引起下文，符合语境，故选C。Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
第一步：速读 析架构理清脉络
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Ways to increase the rice output.
B．Yuan Longping's dreams.
C．Yuan Longping's super hybrid rice.
D．Yuan Longping—an agricultural pioneer.
答案：D
2．Match the main idea with each part.
答案：CDBA
第二步：细读 知细节明察秋毫
Read the text on Pages 50－51 carefully，and then choose the best answer.
1．Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer
A．He was born in a farmer family.
B．He was known as the “father of hybrid rice”．
C．He was educated at an agricultural college.
D．He continually worked the land in his research.
2．What's the main advantage of hybrid crops
A．They can get a higher yield than conventional crops.
B．Many famous scientists are interested in them.
C．They are created by Yuan Longping.
D．They are self-pollinating plants.
3．How did Yuan's work help China and other countries
A．Yuan donated his rice to farmers at home and abroad.
B．Yuan helped farmers at home and abroad study agriculture.
C．It helped farmers produce more rice to feed the world.
D．It helped farmers make a lot of money.
4．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．He retired and enjoyed his life of leisure.
B．He received many awards both in China and abroad.
C．His seawater rice became a reality.
D．He dreamed to plant hybrid rice in India and Vietnam.
答案：1～4 DACC
第三步：填空 辨难句拆分解读
1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage(short) of food to eat.(P50 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，what concerned him most是 主语从句，what在此处的意思是“……的事”，that farmers often had poor harvests...是表语从句。
[尝试翻译] 然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2．One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher(high) yield than conventional crops.(P50 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，that引导的是表语从句，引导词that在从句中没有词义，只起连接作用，不可省略。
[尝试翻译] 杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。
3．However，whether it was possible to develop(develop) a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(P50 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，whether it was possible ...rice是由whether引导的主语从句。
[尝试翻译] 然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。
4．Through intense effort，Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties(difficulty) to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.(P50 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，to develop the first hybrid rice是不定式短语作目的状语，that could be used for farming是定语从句，修饰先行词hybrid rice，引导词that在从句中作主语。
[尝试翻译] 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。
5．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption(consume) in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce(produce) around 200 million tons of rice per year.(P50 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句是复合句，it is estimated that ...中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语，that只起连接作用，不作任何成分；generated from Yuan's hybrid strains是过去分词短语作定语，可转化为定语从句that/which are generated from...；and连接两个并列句。
[尝试翻译] 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
[板块一 单词短语——点点清]
层级一 高频词汇练全
1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
[练透]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Devoting(devote) himself to his research，rarely does the scientist go to the cinema with his family.
②Responsible and devoted (devote) to community work，he is praised by the people around.
③It was his devotion(devote)and selflessness that won him much praise and respect both at home and abroad.
我最尊敬的人是袁隆平爷爷，他终生致力于研究杂交水稻和为人民服务。
④The person I respect most is Grandpa Yuan Longping，who devoted his whole life/devoted himself to studying hybrid rice and serving the people.
⑤The person I respect most is Grandpa Yuan Longping，who was devoted to studying hybrid rice and serving the people.
(1)devote ...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于……
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①My teacher convinced me to take(take) up the challenge and I decided to participate in the writing competition.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
②Convinced(convince) that Li Hua has the ability to do the job，I am writing to recommend him to you.
③我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。(2024·新课标卷读后续写)
I'm firmly convinced of the importance of honesty，which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
(1)convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb that ... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的；深信的
be convinced that ... 确信……
3．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We make an assumption(assume)that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making preparations.
②Assuming(assume) that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities，varying from English speech competitions to outdoor sports.
③人们普遍认为喝茶不仅可以让我们提神，还能增强我们的记忆力。
It is generally assumed that drinking tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
(1)on the assumption that ... 假定……
make an assumption 作出臆断
(2)assume v. 假定；设想；承担；假装
It is generally assumed that... 人们普遍认为……
(3)assuming (that)... 假设……
层级二 中频词汇练通
1．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
[练透]——完成句子
①自毕业以来，我在这方面积累了丰富的经验。(应用文之申请信)
Since my graduation，I have attained rich experience in this field.
②他经历了许多困难，终于实现了目标。
Having gone through many difficulties，he finally attained his goal．
(1)attain one's goal(s) 实现某人的目标
attain knowledge 获得知识
(2)attainable adj. 可实现的
2．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
[练透]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He searched for a way to boost rice harvests without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.
②最重要的是拓宽我的视野和结交更多新朋友的机会。
What matters most is the opportunity to expand my horizons as well as make more new friends.
(1)expand/broaden one's horizons 开阔视野
expand one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量
(2)expand on/upon 充分叙述；详细阐明
3．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
[练透]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is difficult to estimate(estimate) how many animals lost their lives in the forest fire.
②It's estimated that (据估计)nearly a third of the customers of fast-food restaurants eat alone.
(1)It is estimated that... 据估计……
(2)underestimate v. 低估
overestimate v. 高估
[板块二 经典句式——句句通]
1．句型公式：修辞手法之比喻
(教材原句)Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
[练透]——完成句子
①一收到这个坏消息，我们焦虑不安，如坐针毡。(读后续写之情感描写)
On receiving the bad news，we were filled with anxiety, feeling like sitting on pins and needles．
②寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的小刀一样刺痛我的脸。
The icy wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife．
③我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。
I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.
(1)明喻：在强调两种事物的相似点的同时，本体、喻体、喻词都出现，喻词有like，as，as...as，as if，compared to，be similar to等；
(2)暗喻：也叫隐喻，根据两个事物间的某些共同特征，将某一事物的名称用于另一事物。暗喻一般是本体、喻体都出现，但找不出像like，as，as if之类的喻词。
2．句型公式：given that引导状语从句，意为“假如；考虑到；鉴于”
(教材原句)Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
[练透]——完成句子
①考虑到这对双胞胎没有做母亲节早餐的经验，父亲面带笑容地乐意帮助他们。
Given that/Considering that the twins had no experience in cooking a Mother's Day breakfast，the father was willing to help them，with a smile spreading on his face.
②老师给我一个鼓励的微笑，温柔地说：“只要你专心写作，你一定会成功的。” (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
Casting an encouraging smile to me，my teacher said gently，“ As long as you devote yourself to writing，you will definitely make it.”
given that用作连词，可根据语境译为“考虑到、鉴于、假如、如果、只要、在有……的情况下”；
其他同义表达有considering/regarding，supposing，assuming，as long as等。
—————————· 练一练·课堂微练提能 ·—————————
Ⅰ.课文重点词块默写
1．pursue a career 追求事业
2．a serious shortage of 严重缺乏
3．tackle this crisis 解决这个危机
4．a matter of 一个……问题
5．enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
6．be comprised of 由……组成(或构成)；包括；包含
7．depend on 依赖；依靠
8．far from 远非；一点也不
9．deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
10．make large donations 大笔捐款
11．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想
12．dream up 凭空想出
Ⅱ.单词拼写/补全句子
1．What you see in the virtual world is often different from what you experience in the reality(现实).
2．The whole family boosted (增强) his confidence and advised him not to lose hope.
3．The first reason to tackle(解决) these problems is to protect environment.
4．New Zealand is mainly comprised of (主要由……组成) two islands，the larger of which is the South Island.
5．Deep down(实际上)，they realise that happiness can't be bought，but it can be shared.
6．He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad(在国内外).
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Yuan Longping，1.known(know) as the “father of hybrid rice”，considered himself a farmer.When he was young，2.what concerned him most was farmers' 3.shortage(short) of food to eat，so he chose to study agriculture at college.After graduating in 1953，he worked as a researcher and devoted himself to 4.creating(create) a kind of hybrid rice，which could attain a 5.higher(high) yield.In 1974，he succeeded in making it 6.a reality.Today，about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops 7.generated(generate) from his hybrid strains，for which he received numerous awards both in China and abroad.But the humorous old “farmer”，caring little 8.for celebrity or money，insisted on living a simple life.Despite his 9.advanced(advance) years，he kept trying 10.to fulfill(fulfill) his dreams of ridding the world of hunger.
课时规范训练(一)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．By this time，the audience had expanded (增加) from granny to the whole family，all of whom gave thunderous applause to the carefully staged shows.
2．They talked together，they spent their leisure (闲暇) time together，and except for school and work，they were never apart.
3．In other words，ideal life doesn't always consist with the reality(现实).
4．She was satisfied to see that her twin sons both attained(获得) 5 “A” grades in their exams.
5．The wind farm may be able to generate (产生) enough electricity for 2，000 homes.
6．Many soldiers died because of a shortage (缺乏) of medicine and medical workers then.
7．The two sides are trying to sit down and find a way to tackle the conflict in peace.
8．I am greatly convinced that he can distinguish what is right from what is wrong.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I became aware that although life may not go as we expect，there is never a shortage (short) of fun and excitement in this world.
2．He will try his best to help them by means of his conventional (convention) medical knowledge.
3．From now on，you are going to have to stay away from too salty (salt) food.
4．The only way to overcome(overcome)a challenge is to break it into smaller，more manageable parts.
5．I found his speech convincing(convince) and he would call on more people to work out regularly.
6．As the educator puts it, expanding (expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.
7．Assuming(assume) that I settled the conflict，I would employ an entirely new way.
8．Twenty students including me took part in the activity and we devoted ourselves to helping(help) the passengers.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．总之，是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean．
2．我相信，只有通过努力，我才会克服这些困难。
I am convinced that only through efforts will I overcome these difficulties．
3．考虑到青少年在成长过程中需要更多的营养，他们应该保持健康均衡的饮食。
Given that teenagers have more nutritional requirements when they grow up，they should have a healthy and balanced diet.
4．读英文杂志一定会扩大你的词汇量，从而促进英语学习。
Reading English magazines can surely expand your vocabulary，thus promoting your English learning.
5．据估计，人工智能将在未来改变人们的生活和工作方式。
It is estimated that artificial intelligence will change the way people live and work in the future.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I was 6 years old when my father told me we were leaving the Big Apple Circus (马戏团).Until that point，I had spent most of my life on the circus lot，playing with the other circus kids.The circus，by its nature，is one that has a loose structure.So the early years after my leaving the circus，to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.
But years later，I found areas that interested me.I took the skills I had learned from being onstage and applied them to broadcasting.And so when Boston's news station WBUR offered me a job out of college，I jumped at the chance.Along the way，I found I really enjoyed the work.I became WBUR's news reporter.The flexibility and adaptability I'd learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation—whether it was a destructive tornado outside Boston，or the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013.
But then a serious infectious disease appeared.Suddenly，for the first time in my adult life，I went for a year without doing any shows.But it became clear to me that performing was what I truly wanted.For me，the circus symbolizes who I am.And stages have always been where I've felt the most free.Some people get nervous before they go onstage，but by assuming (扮演) the character of Jacques Whipper and drawing a stupid moustache on my face，all my social anxiety disappears.
Circus performances go beyond age，socioeconomic status (地位)，and even language.It's the type of performance where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone—help anyone forget their troubles for 5，10，and even 30 minutes.And most importantly，for me，it means coming home.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者离开马戏团后的人生经历，以及作者如何将马戏团的经验应用于广播行业，并成为新闻记者，但马戏团表演还是萦绕在作者心头。
1．How did the author feel in the early years of school
A．Curious. B．Unfree.
C．Loose. D．Impatient.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“So the early years after my leaving the circus，to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.”可知，作者离开马戏团后的最初几年，整天坐在教室里感觉像是在监狱里，也就是感到不自由。故选B。
2．What do we know about the author's job at WBUR
A．He did it for his father.
B．He did it against his will.
C．He risked his neck doing it.
D．He took to it like a duck to water.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，作者在WBUR工作时，能够在紧张的情况下自然而轻松地完成工作，由此可知，这份工作对作者而言如鱼得水，非常轻松。故选D。
3．What does the circus probably mean to the author
A．A means of living.
B．A chance to go anywhere.
C．A part of his identity.
D．A way to forget his troubles.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For me，the circus symbolizes who I am.”以及最后一段“And most importantly，for me，it means coming home.”可知，对于作者而言，马戏团已经是他身份的一部分，象征着作者的身份。故选C。
4．Why does the author write the text
A．To express his love for circus performances.
B．To stress the value of performing.
C．To share his personal experiences in a circus.
D．To discuss the problem of choosing a job.
解析：A 写作意图题。根据文章第三段以及全文内容可知，文章主要为了表达作者对马戏团表演的热爱。故选A。
B
At Nature Fresh Farms in Leamington，Canada，there's something new among the rows of tomatoes，cucumbers，peppers and strawberries.Using thousands of sensors in every greenhouse，artificial-intelligence technology is helping the farm in aspects such as lighting，irrigation and harvest timing，aiming to increase the yields of its crops and reduce its use of power and water.Farmers use drones(无人机) to survey farms and look for information on weeds，pests and disease.
A lot of research into AI and agriculture is done at institutions，but it then needs to be tested in a network of smart farms.One of the farms is Emili's Innovation Farms.“We really show how they work in a commercial setting and in a sense，act as a risk reducer as we try out these technologies and then share with others (including other farmers) how they actually work as a means to make it easier to adopt and fully use those new technologies，” said Ms.Keena，managing director of Emili.
It takes time to find out whether new technology has affected a crop，and this can be a barrier to adoption for farmers.Sometimes it's within a year，or within a few years.Ms.Keena said，“We can't ask them to take big risks on integrating new technologies at scale as part of their operations in things that are unproven.” Innovation Farms addresses a piece of one of the barriers of people needing to be able to see these technologies rolled out in a full-scale and commercial way ahead of being able to adopt them themselves.
Farmers' trust levels are also a barrier.Data are important to AI models，but farmers need to be better inspired to share their data in order to make the technology better.But over time，there's an increase in engagement from farmers.“Farmer engagement is absolutely critical” to developing AI tools for agriculture.“If they've seen it demonstrated essentially in their backyard through a smart farm，well，then we're that much further ahead toward adoption.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能对农业的帮助、目前面临的障碍以及前景。
5．What can be learned about AI from paragraph 1
A．It shortens production cycle.
B．It replaces employees.
C．It adds vegetable diversity.
D．It changes how farms run.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Using thousands of sensors... weeds，pests and disease.”可知，人工智能改变了农场运营的方式，在多个方面助力农场运作。故选D。
6．Why is AI technology tested at Emilli's Innovation Farms
A．To predict its future.
B．To confirm its dependability.
C．To expand its market.
D．To introduce its advantage.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段“We really show...easier to adopt and fully use those new technologies” 可知，在埃米利创新农场测试人工智能技术是为了确认其可靠性，让其他农民更放心地采用，降低风险。故选B。
7．What's the key to removing the barriers
A．Bettering AI models.
B．Developing more AI tools.
C．Gaining farmers' recognition.
D．Enlarging the farm scales.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“this can be a barrier to adoption for farmers” 以及第四段“Farmers' trust levels are also a barrier.”可知，要消除这些障碍，关键在于获得农民的认可，只有农民认可了这些新技术，才会愿意去采用它们。故选C。
8．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．AI：A Promoter of Farmers' Life
B．AI：A Driver of Agricultural Development
C．Smart Farms：The Key to Solving Water Scarcity
D．Smart Farms：Replacing Traditional Farming
解析：B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章围绕人工智能技术在农业中的应用展开，讲述了其如何助力农场运营、在创新农场进行测试以确认其可靠性以及在推广中面临的障碍与解决关键等内容，重点突出了人工智能对农业发展的推动作用，故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In a thrilling basketball championship game，our team，Eagles were __1__ 24－24 with the Kings，with just eight minutes left to compete for the __2__．
Our sweaty team anxiously gathered around Coach for a(n) __3__，who told us to keep passing and shoot when we were open.With a loud “Go，Eagles！”，we rushed back onto the __4__ to continue the game.
Brandon had the ball.Though I was __5__，he still passed it to the star player Cole.Seeing this，I found myself in a __6__ race with Cole—to be the MVP.So，when I finally got the ball and saw Cole was open，that selfish urge within me just took over completely.Without a second thought，I went for the __7__ and scored!
__8__，Cole got injured and had to leave the game.I thought the MVP was within my grasp.But without him，the Kings' defense __9__ me，and I struggled to score.It was then that I realized the __10__ of Cole's help on defense.
Down by one point and time __11__，Coach immediately called a timeout.To turn the game around，I suggested passing to Brandon，who was often left open.Coach narrowed his eyes and gave his __12__．During the next play，I managed to pass to Brandon.He paused for a moment and then shot firmly.The ball fell through the net，and we __13__ the game.
As the __14__ of crowds filled the air，I realized this victory wasn't about __15__ honor.It was the result of every teammate's contribution，every pass，every block，and every sacrifice.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一场篮球冠军赛的紧张过程，以及作者作为球队一员在这场比赛中的经历、感受和领悟。
1．A.defeated B．tied
C．made D．pulled
解析：B 根据下文“24—24”可知，两支队伍达成了平手。故选B。
2．A.test B．path
C．title D．power
解析：C 根据上文“In a thrilling basketball championship game”可知，这是一场冠军争夺赛，因此，双方在争夺冠军。故选C。
3．A.strategy B．attitude
C．selection D．choice
解析：A 根据上文“Our sweaty team anxiously gathered around Coach”以及下文“who told us to keep passing and shoot when we were open”可知，作者和队友围着教练寻求战术指导。故选A。
4．A.course B．track
C．scene D．court
解析：D 根据上文可知，作者和队友正在比赛中；再根据下文“to continue the game”可推测，作者和队友回到球场继续比赛。故选D。
5．A.safe B．open
C．calm D．strong
解析：B 空处为原词重现；根据上文的“Our sweaty team anxiously gathered around Coach for a(n) ________，who told us to keep passing and shoot when we were open.”可知，空处指的是作者此时有机会投篮。故选B。
6．A.right B．fair
C．secret D．real
解析：C 根据下文的“to be the MVP”以及作者和Cole同在一个球队可知，作者和Cole展开了秘密的较量，争夺MVP。故选C。
7．A.shot B．block
C．catch D．defense
解析：A 根据上文“So，when I finally got the ball and saw Cole was open，that selfish urge within me just took over completely.”可知，作者此时想要争夺MVP，由此可知，此时的作者直接投篮得分。故选A。
8．A.Naturally B．Immediately
C．Strangely D．Unexpectedly
解析：D 根据下文“Cole got injured and had to leave the game.”可知，事发突然，这是不曾预料到的事情。故选D。
9．A.protected B．targeted
C．replaced D．refused
解析：B 根据下文“I struggled to score”可知，对方的防守针对作者，因此作者很难得分。故选B。
10．A.significance B．achievement
C．impression D．position
解析：A 根据上文“But without him，the Kings' defense ________ me，and I struggled to score.”可推测，作者此时终于明白了Cole在防守方面给予的帮助有多么重要。故选A。
11．A.taking up B．giving off
C．picking up D．running out
解析：D 根据上文可知，上一次暂停的时候距离比赛结束还有8分钟；再根据下文“Coach immediately called a timeout”可知，时间即将耗尽。故选D。
12．A.doubt B．lift
C．nod D．reason
解析：C 根据下文“During the next play，I managed to pass to Brandon.He paused for a moment and then shot firmly.”可知，作者的提议得到了教练的肯定，因此，空处指的是教练点了点头。故选C。
13．A.paced B．continued
C．won D．watched
解析：C 根据上文内容“Down by one point and time ________，Coach immediately called a timeout.”可知，暂停前，作者球队落后一分；再根据“The ball fell through the net”可推测，作者球队得分了，所以是赢得了比赛。故选C。
14．A.laughter B．cheers
C．sighs D．whispers
解析：B 根据上文内容“The ball fell through the net，and we ________ the game.”可知，作者的球队赢得了比赛，由此可知，观众此时发出了欢呼声。故选B。
15．A.special B．shared
C．eventual D．individual
解析：D 根据上文内容可知，作者一开始很想争夺MVP，所以不传球，自私地选择自己投篮。而在Cole受伤后，作者才意识到Cole在防守方面的重要性。因此，作者提议可以将球传给Brandon，因为对方球队重点防卫作者。由此可推测，作者意识到了这场胜利无关个人荣誉，赢得比赛是团队精神的体现。故选D。Section Ⅳ Writing
Writing 1 关于农业的议论文
议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，而提出若干理由，试图说服他人。
[满分微讲坛——范式素材感悟·有章可循]
一、课文范式推荐
二、话题素材积累
首段：提出论点，引入话题
1．Recently our class has had a debate about whether organic farming is good for us.Different students hold different opinions.
最近我们班就有机耕作是否对我们有益展开了一场辩论。不同的学生有不同的看法。
2．There are various opinions over/about chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.
对于化学农业和有机农业，人们观点不一。
3．Opinions about organic farming vary from person to person.Some people are in favour of it while others are against it.
关于有机耕作的看法因人而异。一些人赞成，而另一些人反对。
中段：列举正反方观点及其理由
1．As is known to all，mobile phone plays an important part/role in our daily life/modern society.However，different people have different opinions about it.
众所周知，手机在我们的日常生活/现代社会中起着重要的作用。然而，不同的人对它有不同的观点。
2．Only a minority of the students think it (is)a good idea/important/useful/convenient for them to carry mobile phones.
只有少数的学生认为对他们来说携带手机是一个好主意/重要的/有用的/方便的。
尾段：表明自己的观点
1．As the old saying goes，everything has two sides.It has both advantages and disadvantages.
俗话说，凡事都有两面性。它既有优点，又有缺点。
2．All in all，I'm in favour of organic farming.I hope more and more farmers will turn to organic farming in the future.
总之，我赞成有机耕作。 我希望将来会有越来越多的农民转向有机耕作。
3．From what has been discussed above，we can draw the conclusion.
从以上讨论，我们可以得出结论。
[满分练到位——妙笔成篇训练·立竿见影]
关于有机农业和化学农业，你们班举行了一场辩论。请结合你们的讨论结果，写一篇支持有机农业的英语作文。内容包括：
1．化学农业的危害；
2．有机农业的优点及理由；
3．作出总结。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[谋篇布局]
[遣词造句]
1．关于化学农业和有机农业有各种观点。
There are various opinions about chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.
2．残留在农作物中的化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。蔬菜生长得太快，几乎没有营养。
The chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses．The vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition.
3．随着人们越来越富裕，他们非常重视健康。有机农产品仅使用天然肥料，使蔬菜和水果既美味又营养。
As people are richer，they attach great importance to health．Organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers.It makes vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive.
4．俗话说，健康是第一财富。选择有机食品是更明智的。
As the old saying goes，health is the first wealth.And it is wiser to choose organic food.
[词句升级]
5．把句3升级为v.-ing作状语
As people are richer，they attach great importance to health.Organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers，making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive.
6．用因果关系改写句4，使其更具逻辑性
As the old saying goes，health is the first wealth，so it is wiser to choose organic food.
[妙笔成篇]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
There are various opinions about chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.
It is obvious that chemical agriculture has many disadvantages.Above all，the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses.Besides，the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition.
Organic foods are becoming increasingly popular with customers.As people are richer，they attach great importance to health.In addition，organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers，making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive.Moreover，the produce grows in clean water and never uses pesticides，which is beneficial to our health.
As the old saying goes，health is the first wealth，so it is wiser to choose organic food.
Writing 2 语料积累 读后续写
[教材语料积累]
词汇 情感 描写 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
动作 描写 devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 yield vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步 overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜 alleviate vt.减轻；缓解
句型 1.Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.(外貌描写) 2．Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(情感描写) 3．Long ago，he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.(比喻) 4．Even in his later years，Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision...(人物描写)
[续写语料运用]
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。
Seeing my friend ① overcome with intense grief，I ② was so anxious deep down that I felt like an ant on a hot pan.I must do whatever I could to ③ boost his spirits and convince him not to yield to the temporary failure．I offered him some effective measures to ④ alleviate his sadness and tackle his problems．Finally，he ⑤ was convinced that only if he devoted himself to/was devoted to his study could he pass the exam.When I saw him come out of the haze，my heart was as sweet as honey. 看见我朋友悲痛欲绝，我内心深处是如此焦虑，以至于我感觉就像热锅上的蚂蚁。我必须竭尽全力振奋他的精神，并说服他不要向暂时的失败屈服。我向他提供了一些有效的措施，以缓解他的悲伤并解决他的问题。最终，他相信只有致力于学习他才能通过考试。当我看到他走出阴霾，我的心感觉像喝了蜂蜜一样甜。
