2025-2026学年贵州省贵阳市第六中学高二上学期10月月考英语试题二、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
Bioluminescence (生物荧光) is to California as the Aurora Borealis is to the Arctic. These events occur when single-celled organisms, known as dinoflagellates (甲藻), suddenly give off a kind of light after being disturbed. They’re most common in spring and into summer, especially during years with a combination of good rains and warm weather. Here are a few tips to help you witness bioluminescence:
Monitor Social Media
The first reports of a bioluminescence event are likely to show upon Instagram and Twitter, which are easily searchable. You can also set up a warning on Google that will round up news coverage.
Check With Aquariums
Such institutions as the Birch Aquarium in La Jolla, the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium in Monterey might post updates on their websites or social media feeds, especially if bioluminescence is happening locally.
Find a Dark Location
If bioluminescence is ongoing, try to find a stretch of coast that’s as far away from light as possible. Get out before the moon rises for the best conditions and some experts also suggest that two hours after sunset is a good bet Give your eyes time to adjust and use your flashlight’s red light, which will keep your vision adjusted to the darkness.
Track Hotspots
The best displays can vary from night tonight, so check again on social media for updates. The environmental website Treehugger named San Diego one of the world’s eight best places to see bioluminescence. Meanwhile, north of San Francisco at Point Reyes National Seashore, To males Bay is a dependable spot for bioluminescence and you can go out on guided trips with Blue Waters Kayaking.
19. What kind of condition is better for witnessing bioluminescence
A. Hot dry weather. B. Warm rainy weather.
C. Cold rainy weather. D. Cold dry weather.
20. What should you stay away from when witnessing bioluminescence
A. Water. B. Sunset. C. Darkness. D. Light.
21. Where maybe the best place to see bioluminescence
A. In La Jolla. B. In Long Beach. C. In San Diego. D. In San Francisco.
Scientists exploring a marine trench (海沟) near Japan were astonished to find a fish at 8,336 meters below the surface. The creature is a type of snailfish, and it’s probably the deepest fish anyone will ever find. The previous record holder, a young snailfish seen in the Mariana Trench, was filmed at a depth of 8,178 meters in 2017.
Fish survive under high pressures of extreme depths because of osmolytes in their cells (细胞). The amount of osmolytes increases at greater depths to ensure fish cells don’t shrink (收缩) too much at enormous pressures, but the levels of the osmolytes reach their highest at around 8,400 meters. So that’s the limit of fish physiology (生理机能).
Scientist Prosanta Chakrabarty is impressed that the fish could survive so far down, where the water pressure is 800 times that of the surface. “At that depth, everything from gas exchange for breathing to almost every physiological function seems impossible,” he says. “I can barely swim to the bottom of a swimming pool without my ears popping.”
Deep-sea scientist Alan Jamieson’s team discovered the snailfish in August 2022 in the Izu-Ogasawara Trench near Japan, which connects to the Mariana Trench in the south. The deepest parts of the Japanese trench are slightly warmer than the waters at similar depths in the Mariana, reaching about 1.7 degrees Celsius. The slight difference in temperature seems to be why the snailfish survives. Osmolytes are less effective at low temperatures, and these snailfish are living near the edge of what’s possible.
The researchers used a “lander” — an underwater vehicle equipped with cameras — to photograph the fish. The lander that made the finding photographed a single young snailfish at 8,336 meters.
Over 400 species of snailfish are known from shallow waters to extreme depths, and each species adapts to where it lives. “Each trench has its own snailfish in it. Once they’ve grown to cope in a trench, they cannot decompress (解压) to get from one trench to another,” says Jamieson, who led the team that made the discovery. And he also noted the part played by technology in the discovery.
22. How does this snailfish differ from those living in shallow waters
A. Its cells are much larger in size. B. It moves at much slower speeds.
C. Its body contains many more osmolytes. D. It is able to live a much longer life.
23. What does Chakrabarty want to show by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 3
A. The snailfish’s amazing ability to cope with enormous pressures.
B. The acceptable pressures at the bottom of a swimming pool.
C. The challenge of finding a fish at the deepest parts of a trench.
D. The great changes in pressure at different depths of water.
24. What makes it possible for the snailfish to break the 2017 record
A. The trench’s special structure. B. The large amount of food.
C. The lower pressure. D. The warmer water.
25. What would be the best title for the text
A. A deeper understanding of unexplored trenches B. How a strange-looking fish survives
C. How researchers explore the deep sea D. The deepest fish ever recorded
Currently, tens of thousands of caves are known globally, but many of the world’s caves still remain unexplored.
“Caving is the last realm where true, pure exploration is possible,” says Phil Short, a cave explorer. “And in caves, treasures can be found, new species, new cures for disease.” adds Short.
Some caves are reported to have their own weather system. Some contain the secrets of human evolution, and of the life that came before us. Some are hot spots of biodiversity.
Entomologist Leonidas-Romanos Davranoglou at Oxford University trekked to the Cyclops Mountains in the Papuan region of Indonesia. In a previously unknown cave system, his team discovered a “treasure trove” of underground species, including blind spiders, blind harvestman and a whip scorpion (鞭尾蝎) — all new to science.
For more than 20 years, geomicrobiologist Hazel Barton has been studying microscopic life, found deep underground, that can survive extreme starvation. Her research is furthering our understanding of what the ability to photosynthesise (光合作用) might tell us about the possibility of life in outer space.
“A kilometre from the entrance, there’s still photosynthesis,” says Barton, “but it’s pushed into the near-infrared wavelength (近红外波长). There are stars that only emit in those wavelengths. So, this could help us understand how life is possible on other planets.” she says.
Cave exploration, says Barton, is the closest you can come to being an astronaut without going to space. “You’ re the first person to see something. 10, 000 years from now, the footprints I made in Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico, or the Tepui Caves of Venezuela, could still be there.”
“Nowadays, it’s hard to impress people,” says Short, “but in caves you can see something different every time.”
26. What does the underlined word “realm” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. A sort of extreme sports. B. A new kind of microscopic life.
C. An area of activity or knowledge. D. The process of species’ evolution.
27. What can be learned from the text
A. Caves are extremely difficult to access.
B. Photosynthesis doesn’t happen in the cave.
C. Phil Short developed new skills for exploration.
D. Hazel Barton’s research enriched science knowledge.
28. What is the advantage of cave exploration according to Barton
A. It helps scientists get pioneering discoveries.
B. It sets people free from heavy working pressure.
C. It enhances the fame and wins the glory for scientists.
D. It provides a more comfortable working environment.
29. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Cave Exploration Is Getting More Dangerous.
B. Cave Exploration Contributes to Astronomy.
C. Scientists Are Exploring the Deep Dark Earth.
D. Unexplored Caves Worldwide Are Still There.
Packaging can play a greater role in keeping produce and other foods fresh, therefore minimizing food waste — especially if consumers can better understand those packaging technologies. That’s among the takeaways of research led by Michigan State University (MSU)’s School of Packaging, detailed in a recently released white paper.
In the United States, food waste in landfills doubled from 1990 to 2020, according to data shared by the US Environmental Protection Agency this year. Researchers cited data showing 40% of the food supply is wasted each year, with 43% of that happening at the consumer or household level.
Ameripen, the only organization exclusively focused on US public policy for the entire packaging industry, and the Environmental Research & Education Foundation funded research that included a survey of more than 1,000 people in the United States. Ameripen said it wanted to know what role packaging could play in reducing household food waste as well as understand consumer awareness of food packaging’s value and functions.
The survey asked consumers about their understanding of packaging forms and willingness to pay more for packaging designed to reduce food waste, among other areas.
The study found that whole fruits and vegetables, particularly bananas and lettuce, are the foods most wasted by households, with dairy products, prepared packaged foods and leftovers also common culprits (罪魁祸首). “Half-eaten packaged food products and food without packaging that went bad before it was eaten are the two primary reasons for food waste in American households, indicating there is opportunity for improved packaging design to help consumers with extending shelf life, reuse and size,” the white paper states.
Researchers reported that while consumers’ current understanding of packaging technologies was “limited”, they indicated “they would pay more for food contained in packaging that extends freshness and shelf life.”
“There’s a need to design packaging for produce that is currently not packaged; that most of the produce in this study was wasted is because there is no packaging at all,” MSU’s Korey Fennel said during the webinar (网络研讨会), also noting the importance of “intelligent packaging” that could indicate the shelf life of food products.
30. What does the underlined word “minimizing” in the first paragraph mean
A. Showing. B. Continuing. C. Recovering. D. Reducing.
31. What does the author intend to do in the second paragraph
A. Summarize the previous paragraph. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
32. How did the researchers conduct their study
A. By making observations. B. By asking questions.
C. By carrying out experiments. D. By referring to former studies.
33. What is the consumers’ attitude to purchasing packaged food according to the study
A. Cautious. B. Unclear. C. Critical. D. Favorable.
Whether they’re for a teenager or not, all great stories have certain elements: they have interesting characters we enjoy reading about; they show these characters in a world we can recognize and understand.
___34___ The main character faces a problem, usually quite a serious one. The thing that most draws us to reading the story is the way the character deals with the problem—whether the character gets the better of it, or it gets the better of the character.
Characters in a book for young adults are generally young adults themselves. ___35___ On the one hand, they’re not children anymore. They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings. On the other hand, they’re not yet adults. They can’t do certain things, as they’re not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can’t.
To make things even more complicated, almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growing－up process is happening too quickly. ___36___
This year, TEENS has selected seven of the ten books, nominated (提名) for the US 2017 National Book Awards in the categories of Young People’s Literature.
Some stories are specifically written for teenagers or young adults, meaning that their authors are very sensitive to the “in－between” nature of teenage life. They’re about problems that appear for young people because of tensions between them and their parents and teachers, their siblings (兄弟姐妹)，or wider society. Often, these problems are presented very seriously by writers. ___37___
At the same time, fiction isn’t supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life, but also about how people overcome those problems. ___38___ They discover something about themselves that they never knew before, and which enables them to succeed. And the solution that they find opens the future up to them, setting them on the path to adulthood.
A. They want to hold back a little and remain a child a little longer.
B. But that’s what young adults want in fiction; to be taken seriously.
C. When closing a good book, we feel we’ve learned something about ourselves.
D. These are stories that someone of any age could pick up and enjoy.
E. And they are in a challenging period of life.
F. But most importantly, great stories have a central drama.
G. To some degree, challenges bring out the best in characters.
三、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
I grew up in Michigan and have loved boats since I was young. I’d go out on my dad’s fishing boat, and every birthday I’d get a miniature boat with a viewing window. In Michigan, we’re ____39____ by lakes and I soon discovered that I loved diving and ____40____ skipped school days for the beach.
Three years ago, I ____41____ put forward an idea of running glass-bottom boat tours to an investor. It started in 2018. At present, My sons ____42____, manning the deck(甲板)and phones. We head out on the Cheboygan river and Lake Huron. We sail past lots of places of____43____, with a historian on board explaining the history. We often scan the river to see what we can find.
One weekend this year, I met a ____44____ client. I thought I should find something to show him and managed to find a giant shell. Then I saw a green bottle. I swam to my boat, took a photo and then opened the bottle. It was full of water and had a paper inside. I ____45____ the paper and saw the date —November 1926. We were all amazed. The note____46____: “Return this paper to George Morrow.” I was so excited to have found it.
We made sure to keep the paper safe. Before leaving the harbor, I posted a picture on my Facebook page and didn’t expect what followed.
The next morning, my phone ____47____ with messages. While I was driving home, I got a phone call from Michele Primeau. She told me she was George Morrow’s daughter. I didn’t believe her _____48_____. She said her dad would float notes in bottles when he went on vacation or _____49_____ them in walls when redecorating. She _____50_____ he had posted this one on his 18th birthday.
In autumn, Michele came to visit. She brought some of his writing and the handwriting matched. She _____51_____ I keep the message and the bottle.
It now sits in a display case in my shop. That Facebook post now has 87,000 _____52_____. In a hard year, the discovery has brought purejoy._____53_____a Scuba diver(水肺潜水员), this feels like a lifetime achievement.
39. A. surrounded B. estimated C. defended D. integrated
40 A. even B. somehow C. merely D. anyhow
41. A. exceptionally B. entirely C. gradually D. successfully
42. A. call out B. help with C. help out D. call up
43. A. history B. significance C. interest D. entertainment
44. A. elegant B. remote C. reliable D. potential
45. A. unfolded B. opened C. uncovered D. exposed
46. A. presented B. wrote C. read D. showed
47. A. poured out B. blew up C. broke out D. set up
48. A. at first B. above all C. in turn D. in return
49. A. stuffed B. displayed C. deserted D. hid
50. A. spoke up B. worked out C. spoke out D. worked up
51. A. insisted B. convinced C. appealed D. anticipated
52. A. critics B. fans C. likes D. inquiries
53. A. For B. As C. With D. Alongside
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people, a time ____54____ all family members get together just like Christmas in the west. Nowadays more and more ____55____ (country) around the world are holding celebrations for Chinese Spring Festival and it has become increasingly popular. What’s more, not only are these attended and enjoyed by Chinese citizens ____56____ (live)abroad, ____57____ by many other nationalities, too.
Shopping centers have been organizing events and activities ____58____ (celebrate) Chinese Spring Festival for years, while concerts and other performances prove to be ____59____ big success. Tickets for the 2017 Grand Chinese New Year Concert in St Petersburg sold out, ____60____ 90% of the audience local Russians. People are also discovering the fun of interacting with the celebrations, rather than ____61____ (simple)watching as part of an audience. Over 1,000 Ghanaian junior high school students got up on stage to perform Chinese songs and dances. Students in New York City, meanwhile, have been able to enjoy an official day’s holiday for Chinese Spring Festival since it ____62____ (begin)in 2016.
It seems that Chinese Spring Festival is becoming a _____63_____ (globe) celebration of joy and love
五、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
64. 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter作为交换生下学期将到你校学习。他发来电子邮件向你询问中国日常生活中常用的一些身势语(body language)，请用英语给他回复。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题）
65. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In Whitney High School, Cerritos, California, which was known for its academic excellence and competitive atmosphere, there were two friends, Sam and Emily, who were preparing for their final exams. Sam and Emily were best friends and had always studied together. Sam was naturally gifted in mathematics, while Emily excelled in history. As their final exams approached, they promised to help each other with their weaker subjects.
They spent weeks preparing, exchanging notes, and quizzing each other. Sam helped Emily understand complex mathematics problems, and Emily helped Sam remember historical dates and events. Their friendship grew stronger as they worked towards their common goal.
However, as the exam day neared, Sam started to feel huge pressure. His parents had high expectations, and he was afraid of letting them down. He began to doubt his abilities, especially in history, which was his weakest subject. Emily noticed Sam’s anxiety and tried to reassure him, but Sam’s stress only seemed to increase. The night before the history exam, Sam admitted to Emily that he was considering cheating because he was so afraid of failing.
Emily was shocked and disappointed She reminded Sam of all the hard work they had put in and the serious consequences cheating could have. She told him that it was better to try and fail honestly than to succeed through dishonesty.
On the day of the history exam, Sam was extremely nervous. He remembered Emily’s words and knew she was right. He decided to face the exam honestly, using what he had learned from their study sessions.
During the exam, Sam struggled with some of the questions, but he did his best to answer them without turning to cheating. When the exam ended, he felt a mix of relief and uncertainty. He had stuck to his values, but he wasn’t sure if he had done enough to pass the subject.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, the exam results were announced.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The experience of preparing for and taking the exams strengthened the bond between Sam and Emily.
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