2016年高考英语母题题源专练：专题17 阅读填空（含解析）

母题十七阅读填空
【母题来源一】【2016·全国新课标II】
【母题原题】
【2016·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A
garden
that’s
just
right
for
you
Have
you
ever
visite
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
a
garden
that
seemed
just
right
for
you,
where
the
atmosphere
of
the
garden
appeared
to
total
more
than
the
sum(总和)
of
its
parts
16
.
But
it
doesn’t
happen
by
accident.
It
starts
with
looking
inside
yourself
and
understanding
who
you
are
with
respect
to
the
natural
world
and
how
you
approach
the
gardening
process.
●___17
Some
people
may
think
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
that
a
garden
is
no
more
than
plants,
flowers,
patterns
and
masses
of
color.
Others
are
concerned
about
using
gardening
methods
that
require
less
water
and
fewer
fertilizers(肥料).
18
.
However,
there
are
a
number
of
other
reasons
that
might
explain
why
you
want
to
garden.
One
of
them
comes
from
our
earliest
years.
●Recall(回忆)your
childhood
memories
Our
model
of
what
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
garden
should
be
often
goes
back
to
childhood.
Grandma’s
rose
garden
and
Dad’s
vegetable
garden
might
be
good
or
bad,
but
that’s
not
what’s
important.
19
--how
being
in
those
gardens
made
us
feel.
If
you’d
like
to
build
a
powerful
bond
with
your
garden,
start
by
taking
some
time
to
recall
the
gardens
of
your
youth.
20
then
go
outside
and
work
out
a
plan
to
translate
your
childhood
memories
into
your
grown-up
garden.
Have
fun.
A.
Know
why
you
garden
B.
Find
a
good
place
for
your
own
garden
C.
It’s
our
experience
of
the
garden
that
matters
D.
It’s
delightful
to
see
so
many
beautiful
flowers
E.
Still
others
may
simply
enjoy
being
outdoors
and
close
to
plants
F.
You
can
pr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oduce
that
kind
of
magical
quality
in
your
own
garden,
too
G.
For
each
of
thos
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
gardens,
writer
down
the
strongest
memory
you
have
【答案】16.
F
17.
A
18.
E
19.
C
20.
G
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )17.A
根据本段前两句“Some
people
may
think
that
a
garden
is
no
more
than
plants,
flowers,
patterns
and
masses
of
color.
Others
are
concerned
about
using
gardening
methods
that
require
less
water
and
fewer
fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再倒数第二句“然而，有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺。故A项正确。
18.E
本段前两句提出有些人认为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。
19.C
根据前句“......那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。
20.G
本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故G项与上下文一致。
【名师点睛】
本文属于七选五阅读中
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒数第二句“However,
there
are
a
number
of
other
reasons
that
might
explain
why
you
want
to
garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A项为本段主题句。
当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：
1.
属于段落间的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考点：考查说明文阅读
【母题来源二】【2016·四川】
【母题原题】
【2016·四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both
men
and
women
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are
living
longer
these
days
in
industrialized
countries.
16
In
general,
they
can
expect
to
live
six
or
seven
years
more
than
men.
One
reason
for
this
is
biological.
One
important
biolo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gical
factor
that
helps
women
live
longer
is
the
difference
in
hormones
between
men
and
women.
17
Between
the
ages
of
about
12
and
50,
women
produce
hormones
that
are
involved
in
fertility(生育能力).
These
hormones
also
have
a
positive
effect
on
the
heart
and
blood
flow.
In
fact,
women
are
less
likely
to
have
high
blood
pressure
or
to
die
from
heart
attacks.
18 They help th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.19 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20
A．However, women, on average, live longer.
B .The biological factor plays an important part.
C. Women are also helped by their female genes.
D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.
【答案】16.A
17.G
18.D
19.C
20.E
【解析】
试题分析：女性比男性寿命长的原因。
16.A根据空格下一句：一般说，女性比男性多活6到7年。可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性寿命更长。故选A。
17.G根据空格上句：男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性寿命更长。可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体生产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。故选G。
18.D根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【名师点睛】
在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第20小题，Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20 句中的Some ---
Others ---，是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。
考点：考查信息匹配
【命题意图】给出一篇缺少五个句子的文
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”
【考试方向】这类试题在考查题型上，通常基本以说明文为主，兼顾记叙文和议论文。
【得分要点】
1）从意思上判断
　　在做题时最重要的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。
2）从词汇上锁定线索
　　做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。
3）从关联词上查找
　　由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。　　在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。
【母题1】
【广东省华南师范大学附属中学、
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )广东实验中学、深圳中学、广雅中学四校2016届高三上学期期末联考】For
college
students,
graduation
signals
an
exciting
new
beginning.
16
Many
students
wonder:
What
do
I
do
now
What
career
is
best
for
me
Most
expert
advice
on
choosing
careers
boils
down
to
the
following
points.
Knowing
Yourself
What
are
your
inter
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ests
Abilities
Skills
17
The
results
may
surprise
you!
These
can
be
useful,
but
they’re
not
the
last
word.
Investigating
Investigating
occupat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions
is
much
more
difficult.
For
most
people,
there
isn’t
just
one
‘right’
job,
but
several
that
could
be
satisfying.
18
Talk
to
people
who
have
occupations
that
interest
you.
Find
out
what
they
like
and
dislike
about
their
job.
19
Many
people
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hoose
their
careers
because
they
believe
strongly
in
a
particular
cause.
Some
might
choose
to
work
in
areas
like
medicine,
charity
or
environmental
protection.
Some
have
a
strong
interest
in
history
or
a
love
for
the
arts.
20
So
in
cases
like
these,
the
field
is
often
chosen
first,
rather
than
the
occupation
itself.
So
if
you’ve
chosen
a
field,
self-assessment
will
help
you
find
your
place
in
it.
Invest
some
time
and
effort,
and
find
the
right
career
for
you.
A.
Try
a
self-assessment
quiz.
B.
Search
through
books
and
Web
sites.
C.
Finding
your
place.
D.
But
it
can
also
bring
a
lot
of
uncertainty
and
confusion.
E.
Serious
research
helps
narrow
the
possibilities
F.
Research
your
ch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )osen
field
carefully.
What
work
needs
to
be
done
What
training
is
needed
G.
Then
they
might
think
about
education,
museums
or
art
production.
【答案】
16D
17A
18E
19C
20G
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )17.
A
根据横线前句What
are
your
interests
Abilities
Skills 你的兴趣是什么？你的能力怎么样？你的技巧如何？要想了解自己，可以对自己进行一次测验。测验的结果可以告诉我们自己的兴趣、能力和技巧。横线后一句The
results
may
surprise
you!说明本句应该使用A项“Try
a
self-assessment
quiz.”尝试自我检测,了解自己的兴趣和能力技巧等。
18.
E
根据横线前一句For
mo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st
people,
there
isn’t
just
one
‘right’
job,
but
several
that
could
be
satisfying.对于很多人来说，没有一个正确的职业，但又好几个让人满意的职业。那么如何从这几个让人满意的职业中找到适合自己的职业？我们可以进行职业研究来缩小范围，所以E项“Serious
research
helps
narrow
the
possibilities”符合上下文的串联。同时后一句Talk
to
people
who
have
occupations
that
interest
you.这是职业研究的一种方式。
19.
C
根据本段最后一句Invest
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
some
time
and
effort,
and
find
the
right
career
for
you.可知我们要花时间和经历，找到适合自己的正确的职业。这是本段的中心句，选项中的C项“Finding
your
place.”找到你的位置符合本段中心思想。
20.
G
根据横线前句Some
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
strong
interest
in
history
or
a
love
for
the
arts.一些人对历史或艺术有很浓厚的兴趣，那么他们最可能选择与历史及艺术有关的职业。故G项“Then
they
might
think
about
education,
museums
or
art
production.”中的教育、博物馆学以及艺术创作正是与历史及艺术相关的职业。故G项符合上下文串联。
【名师点睛】
在完成七选五阅读时，我们可以从以下五个技巧着手：
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系
　　在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有As
a
result结果------，thus/therefore因此，so
(such)...如此------以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系
　　转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而,
nevertheless仍然，然而，不过,
nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而,
still还；然而,
though可是，不过，然而,
yet然而,
in
spite
of不顾，不管,
at
any
rate无论如何，至少,
in
any
case无论如何，不管怎样,
whoever无论是谁,
whatever无论什么，on
the
contrary正相反,
in
contrast与此相反,
相比之下,
by
contrast相反,
相比之下,
in
comparison比较起来，比较地,
by
comparison相比之下,
conversely相反(地),
otherwise否则；除此以外，not---but不是-----而是，as
well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系
　　前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系
　　递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。奇速英语名师总结了表示递进关系的连词有：also也,
而且,
further另外(的)；,
furthermore而且，此外,
likewise同样地，照样地；也，又,
similarly相似地，类似地,
moreover而且再者，此外,
in
addition另外，加之,
what’s
more更重要的是,
too也，还,
either也,
neither两者都不,
not
only…but
also不但…而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系
　　表示列举关系的有：first首先
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
第一,
second第二,
third第三…;
firstly第一,
首先,
secondly第二(点)；其次,
thirdly第三…;
first第一,
next其次,
then那么,
然后…;
in
the
first
place第一，首先,
in
the
second
place第二,
其次…;
for
one
thing首先，一则,
for
another
thing其次…;
to
begin
with首先，第一,
to
conclude首先，第一等
考点：考查说明文阅读
【母题2】
【云南省玉溪市一中学2016届高三下学
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )期第一次月考】A
good
laugh
is
like
a
mild
workout.
It
exercises
the
muscles,
gets
the
blood
flowing,
decreases
blood
pressure
and
improves
sleep
patterns
and
the
immune
system.
36
.
Don’t
take
lif
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
too
seriously.
We
all
have
obstacles
in
life
and
we
all
make
mistakes.
37
In
fact,
if
you
can
laugh
light-heartedly
at
your
own
fault,
you’ll
find
that
you
give
yourself
that
extra
happiness
and
confidence
increase
that
can
get
you
over
any
obstacle.
Find
the
humo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
in
a
bad
situation.
Sure
,
there
are
some
situations
where
you
are
really
sad.
38
The
next
time
you
feel
the
stress
levels
rising,
take
a
minute
to
think
about
the
funny
side
of
the
situation
and
laugh
over
the
things
you
cannot
control.
This
will
lower
your
blood
pressure,
blood
sugar
levels
and
heart
rate.
Remind
yourself
of
fu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nny
moments
from
the
past.
Perhaps
a
friend
told
you
a
great
joke
the
other
day
or
your
children
or
pets
did
something
amusing.
39
Sometimes
just
reliving
a
funny
moment
can
cause
the
endorphins(内啡肽),
natural
painkillers,
to
kick
in.
40
As
the
saying
go
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es,
laughter
is
contagious(会传染的）.
So
make
a
point
of
seeking
out
positive
people
who
aren’t
afraid
to
laugh
at
themselves
and
are
good
at
finding
humor
in
life’s
situations.
Young
children
are
especially
skilled
at
finding
laughter
and
joy
in
everyday
moments.
A.
Take
control
over
your
emotions.
B.
There
is
no
reason
to
blame
yourself
for
it.
C.
However,
most
situations
in
life
have
funny
sides.
D.
Surround
yourself
with
fun
people
who
like
to
laugh
a
lot.
E.
The
following
are
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome
ways
to
enjoy
more
laughter
and
joy
in
your
life.
F.Studies
show
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
that
people
with
pets
have
lower
levels
of
depression
and
stress.
G.Call
on
these
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )memories
frequently,
especially
when
feeling
sad,
angry
orstressed.
【答案】
36E
37B
38C
39G
40D
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )37.
B
根据前句We
all
have
obstacles
in
life
and
we
all
make
mistakes.在生活中我们都会遇见障碍也都会犯错。犯错是生活中很正常的一件事情，所以我们不要因此而责备自己。故B项“There
is
no
reason
to
blame
yourself
for
it.”符合上下文串联。
38.
C
本段的标题是Find
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )humor
in
a
bad
situation.在糟糕的情景中找到幽默的一面。告诉我们当我们遇见困难时，要学会从中找到有趣的一面，让自己开心快乐。再根据横线前一句Sure
,
there
are
some
situations
where
you
are
really
sad当然，有一些我们真的很难受的情况。那么我们要从这些令人难受的情景中找到有趣的东西。故C项符合上下文。
39.
G
本段的标题为Remind
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yourself
of
funny
moments
from
the
past.让自己想起过去那些的有趣的时刻，因为那些时刻对我们的情绪有很好的影响。所以我们要经常想起这些时刻，尤其是在我们悲伤难过的时候。选项中只有G项内容与本段中心思想一致。
40.
D
根据横线后两句As
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
saying
goes,
laughter
is
contagious(会传染的）.
So
make
a
point
of
seeking
out
positive
people
who
aren’t
afraid
to
laugh
at
themselves
and
are
good
at
finding
humor
in
life’s
situations.可知笑是会传染的，要让我们周围都是一些快乐的人，让自己快乐的人来感染我们。让我们一起快乐起来。所以D项“Surround
yourself
with
fun
people
who
like
to
laugh
a
lot.”与本段中心思想一致。
【名师点睛】
在七选五阅读中，根据关键词来选择
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案是很重要的一个方法。阅读各空格前后句，圈出关键词，并比较选项和原文的关键词 在了解文章大概方向和了解选项关键词之后，就要将空格的前后句中的提示线索，即关键词圈出来。方便找到文章和选项的匹配点。
1、名词是句子主要说明的内容，是不会发
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生改变的，所以原文出现的关键词一定是会在选项当中出现的，这种出现有两种情况：（1）、原词；（2）、替换词，即代词的指代，比如：_______. This kind 由于空格的后一句中有一个“this kind”，所以空格处必然会出现kind的提示，接下来只要在选项当中挑出带有这个名词的选项进行匹配就可以了。在名词的替换词当中，要务必注意空格前后已经选项当中出现的“the”。形容词和副词在考察过程中基本不会出现原词的情况，这样就失去了出题的意义，但选项当中一定会出现和原文感彩一致、同类的形容词和副词。
2、代词或定冠词，尤其注意句子中出
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知 道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，从选项中找这类句型。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考点：考查说明文阅读