课时规范训练(三)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If necessary，you can turn to your teachers for help when you feel depressed (沮丧的).
2．As the old saying goes，“Giving is getting”，I'm deeply convinced we all can gain (获得) great pleasure from helping others.
3．I find it hard to cooperate (合作) with the new mechanic who is so stubborn.
4．Only if he grasps (抓住) every chance to practice English can he improve his competence.
5．As far as I am concerned，the boy behaved (表现) so well at the party.
6．No one can deny the fact that social media have strengthened (增强) our connection with each other.
7．Generally speaking，flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure (启程).
8．As I know，he is enthusiastic，optimistic (乐观的) and friendly to the people that he meets.
9．I hold the firm (坚定的) belief that the children there will surely have a brighter future.
10．I wonder if you can share your insight (认识) about innovation with us.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．She walked to me with great depression(depress)，with the light in her eyes darkened.
2．Cooperation (cooperate) or teamwork，the importance of which is stressed，plays an important part in football matches.
3．You must take all reasonable (reason) measures to protect yourself and your family.
4．Surrounded (surround) by optimistic friends，I am a man with a positive outlook on life.
5．With a lot of difficult problems to_settle (settle)，the new manager works far into the night every day.
6．Nowadays，with global warming_getting(get) worse，a new concept life—low-carbon life is proposed to challenge the environmental pollution.
7．I began to feel at home in the new surroundings when I saw some familiar faces.
8．Motivated(motivate) by the Olympic motto “Faster，Higher，Stronger，Together”，athletes throughout the world gathered together.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这套公寓花了很多钱，对这对年轻夫妇来说是很大的负担。
This apartment cost_an_arm_and_a_leg，which is a great burden for the young couple.
2．我真诚地希望能有个好机会来接触更多的中国传统习俗。
I sincerely hope to have_a_good_opportunity_to_be_exposed_to more traditional Chinese customs.
3．我想每天去图书馆学习，做一些阅读来获得更多的知识。(应用文之演讲稿)
I would like to go to the library to study every day and do_some_reading_to_ gain_more_knowledge．
4．不可否认，离开教室时我们应该关灯。
There_is_no_denying_that_we_should_turn_off_the_lights the moment we leave the classroom.
5．强烈建议你参加晚宴时，举止得体。
It is highly recommended that you_(should)_behave_yourself when attending feasts.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I had just arrived in this Asian country for a one-year teaching position.One day，I took a subway to visit some ancient palaces and temples in the downtown.What happened to me next on the subway has taught me much about cultural difference.
Since all the seats were taken，I stood.Suddenly，I felt someone pulling on my bag.Assuming I probably was in someone's way，I moved over slightly.But in one quick motion，I felt my bag removed from my back，and in a flash，it was gone.I turned around to see who the thief was.I looked at the people standing behind me，but didn't see my bag or anyone suspicious.My heart began to beat wildly and I began to panic．
I looked around，only to find directly across from me was an elderly lady，and sitting on her lap was my bag.I tried to get it back from her lap.But as I began to pull it up，she quickly took it back and held onto it.I looked around at the people standing beside me，and those sitting beside her，but no one took any notice of the situation.Trying not to cause a scene，I tried to negotiate through gestures.I used my hands as much as I could，but she ignored my requests for my bag and pointed to my back.She picked up my bag，showing how heavy it was.I finally began to understand.She was holding my bag to help me.
At the next stop，a middle-aged woman got on the crowded subway.Another elderly woman sitting down took her bag，setting it on her lap.They didn't talk; yet this older woman was more than pleased to sit with this stranger's bag on her lap throughout her journey.
As the subway pulled into the main downtown station and I was getting ready to get off，the woman gently handed me back my bag.But before I had a chance to thank her，she had disappeared into the crowd.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因文化差异而带来的误解。作者在某亚洲国家乘坐地铁时，地铁上的当地人见作者的行李包很重就主动帮其拿着行李，作者最初误解行李被盗，后来理解这是当地人的一个常见的做法。
1．What happened after the writer got on the subway
A．The writer's bag was stolen by an elderly lady.
B．The writer stood in someone's way.
C．An old lady asked the writer to sit beside her.
D．A stranger offered help to the writer.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“She picked up my bag，showing how heavy it was.I finally began to understand.She was holding my bag to help me.”可知，作者上了地铁后一个陌生人向作者提供了帮助。
2．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean
A．Feel frightened.
B．Feel grateful.
C．Feel relaxed.
D．Feel ashamed.
解析：A 词义猜测题。作者在地铁发现自己的包不见了，所以当时内心是害怕的，画线词意思是“感觉害怕”。
3．What can we infer from the writer's experience
A．The middle-aged woman and the elderly woman were good friends.
B．The passengers on the subway were very unfriendly.
C．Helping standing passengers with heavy bags was common on local subways.
D．There were many thieves on the subway.
解析：C 推理判断题。第四段提到一位中年妇女也上了地铁，而另一位坐着的老妇人也接过她的包，放在腿上。她们没说话；然而，在整个旅程中，这位老妇人却非常高兴地把这个陌生人的包放在腿上。由此可推知，在当地的地铁上，帮助站着的乘客拿沉重的包是很常见的。
4．What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage
A．To warn us of the potential risks in travelling abroad.
B．To tell us a culture difference.
C．To recommend a travel destination.
D．To give us some tips on taking a subway.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“What happened to me next on the subway has taught me much about cultural difference.”可推知，作者讲述这个经历是为了告诉我们一个关于文化差异的故事。
B
The world has been witnessing a growing number of countries where people from around the globe live together and communicate with each other，with various customs and beliefs coexisting.America and Singapore are typical examples.Distinct cultures merge into a common cultural context for mankind.That's why many feel as if people are living in a multicultural age.
Culture shapes identity and influences behaviors，and cultural diversity makes one accept，or to some extent，even integrate and assimilate(同化) into other cultures.To adapt to a diverse cultural community，the fundamental thing is to be aware that there are different cultures apart from one's own.Take a positive view of different cultures，and we can broaden our horizons.Sometimes_a_person_may_not_know_much_about_ geography_or_history，but_by_mixing_with_people_from_other_cultures，they_may_ have_the_opportunity_to_learn_about_different_countries.
For those who want to learn but do not know where to start，a great point is to pick up a book about another culture they are interested in，or do some online research on reputable international websites.The best way to learn，though，is through face-to-face interaction with people from other cultures.One more way to start learning about new cultures is simply tasting the food from different cultures，since food can also be an aspect of cultural diversity.
Understanding diversity is important for us adults.It's the same for our children too，especially for those who live in culturally diverse cities such as Los Angeles，Shanghai，or Hong Kong.If our children are not aware of diversity，then they become close-minded.This can lead to troubles at school and even lead to bullying.Show them how diverse the world is.Help them be more open-minded toward people of different races，cultures，and countries.
In today's world，if everyone is able to know about other cultures，and respect other values，life will be easier.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述我们处于文化多样性的时代及理解其他国家文化的方法和重要性。
5．What do America and Singapore have in common according to the text
A．They are roughly the same in area.
B．They have similar population.
C．They are countries with growing population.
D．They are countries with diverse cultures.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段前两句可知，美国和新加坡的共同点是它们都聚集着来自世界各地的人们，即它们都是多文化国家。
6．What's the writer's purpose of using the underlined sentence
A．To stress the importance of taking a positive view of different cultures.
B．To attach the importance of learning about geography and history.
C．To emphasize that broadening our horizons is a must.
D．To show that we have broadened horizons.
解析：A 推理判断题。画线句前一句“Take a positive view of different cultures，and we can broaden our horizons.”提到，积极地看待不同的文化可以拓宽我们的视野。画线句意为“有时一个人可能不太了解地理或历史，但通过与来自其他文化的人交往，他们可能有机会了解不同的国家”，是作为例子用来验证前一句观点，强调积极看待不同文化的重要性。
7．Which of the following is not the way to learn about new cultures
A．Tasting food from different cultures.
B．Reading books about one's own culture.
C．Doing online research about other cultures.
D．Interacting with foreigners face to face.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，了解多样文化的途径可以有：阅读感兴趣的他国文化的书籍、浏览可靠的国际网站、与来自其他文化的人面对面互动以及品尝反映他国文化的食物，B项“阅读有关自己文化的书籍”是错误的。
8．Who are the article intended for
A．Teachers. B．Travelers.
C．Teenagers. D．Grown-ups.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段前两句话可知，本文是写给成年人的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Despite facing numerous blows，Kieran Behan kept going.This remarkable man has __1__ the world，not only with his gymnastic skills，but also his unshakable __2__．
Behan had a(n)__3__ for gymnastics and became a part of the school team.However，his __4__childhood changed when he was ten，due to an operation.The unfortunate turn of events left him in a __5__．The doctors told him that he would never walk.__6__，against all odds，the young Behan returned to the gym 15 months later.Unfortunately，tragedy struck again when he was 12 years old.While working on the high bar at school，Behan __7__ and hit the back of his head.This brain injury damaged his inner ear，taking away the two most crucial __8__ of a gymnast: balance and coordination.This time，the doctor was even more __9__ that he would never walk again.Nevertheless，Behan __10__ to believe any of that.Over the next three years，he made __11__ to recover.He managed to make a __12__ to the gymnastic world.
In 2016，Behan made it for the 2016 Olympic Games，his final Olympic appearance.He managed to complete his__13__ and came in 38th in the event.Behan said，“If I've __14__ anyone out there，then that's a (n)__15__ I'm going to be so proud of.To have gone out there and given it my all，you can't really ask for much more.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了基兰·贝汉在经历了两次受伤之后，经过艰苦的训练，他参加了奥运会的体操比赛并获得第38名的好成绩的故事。
1．A.challenged B．impressed
C．explored D．defended
解析：B 根据前文“Despite facing numerous blows，Kieran Behan kept going.”可知，尽管面临重重打击，基兰·贝汉还是坚持了下来，推断出这个了不起的人给世界留下了深刻的印象。
2．A.will B．position
C．foundation D．goal
解析：A 根据后文“ Over the next three years，he made ____ to recover.”可知，贝汉经历了两次事故，但是他在接下来的三年里努力恢复，说明他有不可动摇的意志。
3．A.need B．passion
C．nose D．idea
解析：B 根据后文“He managed to make a ____ to the gymnastic world.”可知，他在受伤后成功地重返体操界，说明他热爱体操。
4．A.lonely B．unlucky
C．imaginative D．peaceful
解析：D 根据前文“Behan had a(n)____ for gymnastics and became a part of the school team.”可知，贝汉酷爱体操，并成了校队的一员，说明他的童年时光是平静的。
5．A.seat B．mess
C．wheelchair D．shelter
解析：C 根据后文“The doctors told him that he would never walk.”可知，医生告诉他，他再也不能走路了，推断出他需要用轮椅。
6．A.Yet B．Thus
C．Otherwise D．Besides
解析：A 前文“The doctors told him that he would never walk.”讲述医生告诉贝汉他再也不能走路了，和后文“the young Behan returned to the gym 15 months later”讲述贝汉在十五个月后重新返回健身房，前后句之间构成内容上的转折，应用“然而”表示转折关系。
7．A.hung B．slipped
C．jumped D．swung
解析：B 根据后文“hit the back of his head”可知，他摔伤了后脑勺，推断出在学校练习高杠时，贝汉滑倒了。
8．A.hobbies B．features
C．skills D．qualities
解析：C 根据后文“balance and coordination”可知，平衡和协调是体操运动员最重要的两项技能。
9．A.nervous B．puzzled
C．certain D．depressed
解析：C 根据后文“he would never walk again”可知，他再也不能走路了是医生对于他受伤后情况的确定的诊断。
10．A.tried B．tended
C．started D．refused
解析：D 根据后文“Over the next three years，he made ____ to recover.”可知，在接下来的三年里他努力恢复，说明贝汉拒绝相信这一切。
11．A.efforts B．suggestions
C．arrangements D．promises
解析：A 根据后文“In 2016，Behan made it for the 2016 Olympic Games”可知，贝汉参加了2016年的奥运会，推断出他在努力进行恢复。
12．A.difference B．comeback
C．presentation D．breakthrough
解析：B 根据后文“In 2016，Behan made it for the 2016 Olympic Games”可知，贝汉参加了2016年的奥运会，推断出他成功地重返体操界。
13．A.drill B．mission
C．routine D．course
解析：C 根据后文“came in 38th in the event”可知，他在比赛中获得了第38名，说明他成功地完成了自己的动作。
14．A.inspired B．hurt
C．misunderstood D．admired
解析：A 两次被医生诊断不能行走的贝汉重返体操界，并参加了奥运会获得了第38名，由此可知，贝汉激励了在那里的所有人。
15．A.trick B．story
C．ambition D．blessing
解析：D 根据前文“If I've ____ anyone out there”可知，贝汉认为如果他激励了那里的任何人，那就是一种让他感到自豪的祝福。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华。针对中学生出国留学这一现象，你所在班级将举行一场演讲比赛。请你以“Studying Abroad”为题，写一篇演讲稿准备参赛。内容包括：
1．出国留学的好处；
2．出国留学的弊端；
3．你的观点。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Studying Abroad
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【参考范文】
Studying_Abroad
In recent years，studying abroad has been popular.However，people have taken/adopted different attitudes towards studying abroad.
There are many advantages of studying abroad.First，students who study abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures.Second，they can learn much advanced knowledge in foreign countries.Third，they can learn foreign languages more quickly.
However，there are some disadvantages.Most of the students are too young to adapt to the unfamiliar environment.Besides，high tuition fees and living expenses can be a burden for their families.
As far as I am concerned，studying abroad，as a life-changing experience，is certainly worthwhile.课时规范训练(二)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．The highlight of the 2024 Spring Festival Gala was that artists from countries along the Belt and Road were invited to join in.
2．Recently，our class has had a debate about whether exploring space is a waste of time and money.
3．By reading the book，you can have a good knowledge of what happened in the history of China.
4．I'd like to give you some tips on how you can arrange your time properly.
5．It is necessary that we cut back on the time spent on our smartphones every day.
6．Now you will clearly understand why our math teacher is so popular.
7．We have the summer and winter vacations，when we could do whatever/what we like.
8．We'll find such a positive attitude towards failure that it can really help achieve what we want and gain success.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．我被他做的事深深地感动了，泪水止不住地流下来。
I_was_deeply_moved_by_what_he_had_done，tears rolling down without control.
2．最重要的是我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。
What_is_the_most_important_is_that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.
3．如果你在饭店里吃不了所点的饭菜，你可以打包带走。
If you can't finish eating what_you_have_ordered in the restaurant，you can take it away.
4．最近我们进行了一项关于学生是否应该在网上交朋友的调查。
Recently we've carried out a survey on whether_students_should_make_friends online.
5．他经常回忆的是他小时候发生的事。
What_he_often_recalls are the incidents that happened when he was a child.
6．我认为做兼职工作可以帮助我获得工作经验。
I hold the view that_doing_part-time_jobs_will_help_me_gain_work_experience．
Ⅲ.用语篇练语法
1．What happened in my restaurant today was unbelievable.This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 2.who he was.What surprised us was 3.that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We wondered 4.why he was so hungry.There was some doubt 5.whether the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 6.if/whether we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see that he took out of an envelope—a million pound bank note.I heard the news 7.that two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England.Hence，8.what the gentleman showed us couldn't be a fake.9.That a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10.how thrilled I was.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
After a meeting shortly before the winter break，I walked through the halls of floor 3 in MetaForum，ready to leave the building，when I heard a voice call out my name.It was a friend with whom I shared a connection that is quite rare around this campus—both of us are from Slovakia.Extremely happy to hear my native language after so long，I joined him in the room that he booked to study in.
During our conversation，he revealed to me that first-year committees existed within the study association GEWIS and that he belonged to one.Long story short，he took me to the GEWIS room where I started the process of joining one committee.Not only did GEWIS give me a social life during the pandemic but it also presented me with countless exciting activities and opportunities.Unfortunately，most of my international friends cannot relate.
During the summer break，I got a text from Fort who is now our chairman.He said that there were plans to start a committee to get more internationals involved in GEWIS.Fort is a local student.I was surprised to see him taking such an initiative.I appreciated the sympathy (同情) for the difficulty that internationals deal with，so I joined the first meeting.
Fast forward to today we are a committee containing 8 different nationalities.You might see us on campus wearing our iconic light-green and purple T-shirts with the word “GeLOBAL” on it.With our diverse team，there is no shortage of ideas for making GEWIS more international-friendly，and for fun activities.
On the 25th of October，we kicked things off with our first official GEWIS activity—Around the Globe with GeLOBAL.The people who joined took part in a fun yet educational pub quiz involving trivia (冷知识) questions from all around the world.They also got the opportunity to learn useful phrases (such as pick-up lines) from a wide pool of languages.There were snacks and drinks—including foreign ones，of course.There was a welcoming，inclusive energy in the air.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国外学习时，参加了GEWIS的一个协会，这个协会对外国人友好，提供许多活动和机会，帮助外国人适应当地生活。
1．Why does the author have a rare relationship with his friend
A．They seldom see each other.
B．They connect in a special way.
C．They come from the same country.
D．They don't know each other very well.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It was a friend with whom I shared a connection that is quite rare around this campus—both of us are from Slovakia.”可知，作者和他的朋友有罕见的关系是因为他们来自同一个国家。
2．Which word best describes the author's attitude to GEWIS
A．Grateful. B．Tolerant.
C．Resistant. D．Critical.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I appreciated the sympathy (同情) for the difficulty that internationals deal with，so I joined the first meeting.”可推知，作者对GEWIS的态度是感激的。
3．Why did Fort want to start a committee for foreign students
A．To make himself their leader.
B．To help them adapt to life there.
C．To teach them different languages.
D．To involve them in international affairs.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Fort为外国朋友创办委员会是为了让他们参与活动，学习有用的短语等，因此推断目的是帮助他们适应那里的生活。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．GEWIS：the Platform
B．The Internationals
C．GEWIS：Welcome You
D．The Campus Life Abroad
解析：A 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了GEWIS平台。作者在国外学习时，参加了GEWIS的一个协会，这个协会对外国人友好，提供许多活动和机会，帮助外国人适应当地生活。由此可知，A项“GEWIS平台”适合作本文最佳标题。
B
Does a happy person live longer Many studies have convinced us that happiness brings good health，which has resulted in an increasing demand for speakers and products encouraging positive thinking.However，being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy.There are other factors that influence one's health and long life such as a person's genes or even a person's socio-economic condition.
Some research even suggests that positive thinking can be dangerous.Positive thinking，when taken to the extreme，can cause a person to be separated from reality.For example，a person who thinks that staying happy and positive can help him recover from an illness like cancer but later fails to recover from it，may blame himself for not being happy.In this case，positive thinking may potentially make the victim disregard other factors.Sometimes the pursuit of happiness is even associated with serious mental health problems such as depression.
Not all types of happiness are good for us either.For example，pride，a pleasant feeling，can sometimes rob us of the ability to empathize with others or understand another's viewpoint.This anti-social behavior can cause people around us to turn away from us，and this could，in turn，make us feel lonely and do harm to our mental and even physical health.
Moreover，unpleasant feelings sometimes can be beneficial to a person's well-being.Researchers believe that unpleasant feelings can help us make sense of our challenges and experiences in a way that supports psychological well-being.For example，if I have behaved badly towards my good friend，the feelings of guilt and sadness might motivate me to apologize and ask for forgiveness.The rebuilding of a broken relationship can be a lift to one's mental well-being.
In trying to experience happiness，we should remember that seeking for happiness as an_end_in_itself can be self-defeating，and does not necessarily lead to better health.After all，one will surely experience setbacks and conflicts in life.Instead，learning to cope with negative emotions with a realistic positive attitude is key to a person's good health.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康的观点。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因或一个人的社会经济状况。学会用现实的积极态度应对消极情绪是一个人健康的关键。
5．What's the writer's opinion in this passage
A．Negative thinking can be dangerous.
B．Staying happy can bring good health.
C．Unpleasant feelings cannot be beneficial.
D．Happiness cannot ensure one's good health.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“However，being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy.There are other factors that influence one's health and long life such as a person's genes or even a person's socio-economic condition.”可知，文章中作者认为快乐并不能保证一个人的健康。
6．When can positive thinking be dangerous according to the passage
A．When we use it with a realistic attitude to solve problems.
B．When we focus on it as an only determinant of happy life.
C．When we think it one of the necessary factor for good health.
D．When we realize it may rob us of the ability to understand others.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，当我们将积极思考视为幸福生活的唯一决定因素时，积极思考可能是危险的。
7．How can unpleasant feelings be beneficial to a person's well-being
A．They rebuild a broken relationship.
B．They lead to self-reflection and personal growth.
C．They help keep the problems and challenges away.
D．They prevent long-term negative effects on mental health.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，不愉快的感觉能导致自我反思和个人成长，这有益于一个人的幸福。
8．Which of the following has the similar meaning of “an end in itself”？
A．An ultimate goal.
B．An individual plan.
C．A final decision.
D．A great start.
解析：A 词句猜测题。根据第一段“However，being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy.There are other factors that influence one's health and long life such as a person's genes or even a person's socio-economic condition.”可知，快乐不一定会让我们健康，我们不能把追求快乐当作目的。以及第二段说到积极思想有时很危险，第三段说不是所有的快乐都对我们有好处，由最后一段可知，不要把追求快乐当作目的，an end in itself是“目的”的意思，近义词是An ultimate goal表示“一个最终目标”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
You're very excited to study abroad and to experience a new culture.Not only will you be going through an adventure you'll never forget，but you'll also be learning a lot and expanding your horizons.__1__，follow these tips.
Choose the right study abroad program.You'll have to determine what program is best for you.You'll have to pick the program you want to do，and the city where you'll be studying.If you're not majoring in a foreign language or not interested in one particular foreign culture，do some research.__2__．
__3__，once you choose your program.Then you might have to report the scores to the chosen program departments or schools as instructed in how to apply on their website.Take a language class and practice speaking it on your own，if you need to know a foreign language in the country of choice.Watch movies in the language to help improve your comprehension skills.Take a class about the culture.__4__，you must jump at the opportunity.Try some cuisine from the culture.Give it a try to get used to the thought of eating it every day.
Once you know where you'll be living，read everything you can about the city.__5__．This will give you a stronger appreciation of where you're going，and of all the cool stuff you'll have to do once you get there.
A．Hand in your application form
B．Take the required tests and get the scores
C．It is absolutely worthwhile to take an adventure
D．If you'd like to know how to study abroad in the right way
E．If your school offers a course about the history or art of the culture
F．Read blogs online，get travel books，and read up on the history of the city
G．Look through travel guides and search the Internet to see which city attracts you
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。去国外学习是令人兴奋的，文章就如何正确地去国外学习给出了一些建议。
1．解析：D 根据上文以及下文“follow these tips”可知，去国外学习能学到很多的知识，拓展你的视野，所以下文就如何正确地出国留学给出建议。
2．解析：G 根据前句“If you're not majoring in a foreign language or not interested in one particular foreign culture，do some research.”可知，做调查的目的是选择自己喜欢的专业和城市。因此G项中“see which city attracts you”和前文可以很好衔接。
3．解析：B 从句子结构看，后文“once you choose your program”是一个条件状语从句，因此本空应该是主句(简单句/祈使句)。另外，根据后文“Then you might have to report the scores to the chosen program departments or schools as instructed in how to apply on their website.”可知，这个过渡句是概括地讲参加考试拿到考试成绩。
4．解析：E 从句子结构来看，本空需要选择一个从句。根据前文“Take a class about the culture.”可知，作者建议上一堂关于文化的课，E项中“a course about the history or art of the culture”和上文相呼应。
5．解析：F 根据上文“Once you know where you'll be living，read everything you can about the city.”可知，空处下一句中的“This”应该指代前文中的具体做法，F项“在网上阅读博客，获取旅游书籍，了解这座城市的历史”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Billed as one of the most scenic and most demanding marathons in the world，the Great Wall Marathon is the oldest of its type，beginning in 1999，with 1.________ option) for fun runs and half marathons as well as the full marathon.The fun run 2.________(cover) just 8.5 kilometers，the half marathon 21.1 kilometers，3.________ he full marathon 42.2 kilometers.
Since this event is so different from a regular city marathon，4.________ is smart to follow a training program 5.________focuses on both hill training and distance.
The Great Wall Marathon starts from the Huangyaguan fortress (要塞) and heads south，before 6.________(turn)left onto the Changcheng Highway，putting runners on the road leading to the Great Wall entrance where a four-kilometer uphill battle awaits.After five kilometers，runners start on the 7.________(challenge) part of the journey：the steps and hills of the Great Wall itself.
Marathon runners will come across Duanzhuang village and the township of Xiaying，and will continue onto the Yin and Yang Square and face the steps of the Great Wall once again.Those unable 8.________(reach) that stage in six hours shall not 9.________(permit) to continue.
The part on the Great Wall is surely the most scenic；however，finishers 10.________(equal) enjoy the parts running in the small villages where they give“high fives”to the children living there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长城马拉松比赛的相关信息。
1．解析：options 考查名词复数。option为可数名词，意为“选择”，此处指代fun runs，half marathons和the full marathon三种选择，应用复数，故填options。
2．解析：covers 考查时态和主谓一致。设空处所在句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为The fun run，故填covers。
3．解析：and 考查连词。设空处连接三个并列成分，故填and。
4．解析：it 考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是to follow...distance，故填it。
5．解析：that/which 考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代a training program，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
6．解析：turning 考查动词-ing形式。设空处作before的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，故填turning。
7．解析：challenging 考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰part，应用形容词，表示“具有挑战性的”，故填challenging。
8．解析：to reach 考查动词不定式。unable to do sth为固定搭配，表示“无法做某事”，故填to reach。
9．解析：be permitted 考查被动语态。主语Those与permit之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且设空处前有情态动词shall，故填be permitted。
10．解析：equally 考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰谓语，应用副词，表示“同等地”，故填equally。课时规范训练(一)
层级一 基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Whoever is in charge of the programme will have great difficulty handling the present complex (复杂的) situation.
2．Those who often find fault with others will find it hard to make an adaptation (适应) to the outside world.
3．Youth broadens my horizons，and at the same time gives me joy and comfort (安慰).
4．My ambition (目标) is to be admitted into a key university.Therefore，I did everything to review all the subjects.
5．As far as I know，studying English involves (需要) great patience and determination.
6．I would like to send you a book，which is an English edition (版本).
7．The next day，Dora walked to the front of the classroom to give her presentation (展示).
8．I have volunteered as an English tutor (教师) for three years，which gained me loads of experience.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is suggested that activities involved (involve) in the competition should be conducted in a wider variety of forms.
2．A positive attitude contributes to your adaptation (adapt) to the new life.
3．I strongly believe I meet those qualifications (qualify) listed in your advertisement.
4．They are worried that we rely on our parents too much and tend to live a comfortable(comfort) life.
5．Tom recalled visiting (visit) a hospital once in the Middle East to find that soap was in short supply.
6．In order to increase participation (participate) in outdoor exercise，our school organized an activity—climbing Mountain Tai on September 10.
7．Being qualified for the job involves communicating (communicate) with others in a clever way.
8．She didn't feel a bit nervous though it was the first time that she had_spoken (speak) in public.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我第一次在机场看到你的时候，透过你的笑容我看出一切都很顺利。
The_first_time_(that)_I_saw_you_at_the_airport，I knew from your smile that everything would be all right.
2．参加交换生项目是一种开阔国际视野的很好的途径。
Participating_in_a_student_exchange_programme is a great way to broaden your international outlook.
3．你不仅可以提升外语能力，还能参加社交活动。
You will not only improve your foreign language skills，but_also_get_involved_ in_social_activities．
4．一方面，我不知道如何在外国适应一种全新的生活。(疑问词＋不定式；adapt)
On the one hand，I don't know how_to_adapt_(myself)_to_the_completely_ new_life in a foreign country.
5．最后但同样重要的是，多交朋友，他们能在你遇到困难的时候安慰并帮助你。
Last but not least，make more friends who_can_comfort_and_help_you the moment you are in trouble.
6．在我看来，每次有提高自己能力的好机会时，我都不会错过。
As far as I know，each_time_I_have_a_good_opportunity_to_enhance_my_ competence，I will not miss it.
层级二 素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On Tuesday，when I was at work，two customers，who are a couple，came to our café.
The man started to speak to me.I knew that he spoke English but I didn't understand him.I assumed that he wanted something we didn't have，so I called my boss.She spoke with the man and she sold him two coffees and two of our regular sandwiches.
I was surprised.After they left，I went to my boss and told her that I was sorry I didn't understand the man.She said that it was OK smilingly.She said that this could happen when people spoke with an accent (口音) that is new to us.She told me that the pair was from Scotland.
The next day，I went to school and I told this story to my teacher，saying I felt really stupid because I didn't understand our customers.I wasn't sure if my English was good enough for my job.I started to doubt myself.I wanted to know what I could do in these situations.
My teacher said，“It's quite OK.You are used to English that people speak in London，but you aren't used to a Scottish accent.Your ears aren't used to listening to the Scottish accent.What happened to you can happen to anybody.When you already speak English at some level and you go to a country where people speak with a different accent，you shouldn't be surprised if you don't understand.It is OK.It usually takes a few weeks to get used to a new accent.”
Then I asked，“So what can I do to understand the Scottish accent？I don't live in Scotland.”Our teacher answered，“You can watch films in Scottish English or you can watch situation comedies (喜剧) from Scotland and soon you will understand.”After hearing that，I knew what I should do.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在工作时遇到两名苏格兰客人，因为客人的口音问题，作者没听懂他俩说的话，于是她开始寻求帮助并试图找到解决办法。
1．Why did the author call her boss
A．The couple didn't speak English.
B．She didn't want to serve the couple.
C．She had no idea what the couple wanted.
D．The couple were their most important customers.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The man started to speak to me...he wanted something we didn't have，so I called my boss.”可知，作者听不懂这对夫妇在说什么，她并不知道他们想要点什么，所以她向老板求助。
2．How did the boss react when the author apologized to her
A．She was very upset with her.
B．She showed understanding.
C．She encouraged her to work harder.
D．She was surprised to hear her apology.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She said that it was OK smilingly...people spoke with an accent (口音) that is new to us.”可知，作者为自己听不懂客人在说什么而向老板表示歉意，但是老板对此表示理解，她认为听不懂一种自己不熟悉的口音很正常。
3．What did the author hope her teacher would do for her
A．Give her advice on academic study.
B．Find her a job requiring less English.
C．Tell her how to handle certain situations.
D．Confirm her abilities to deal with accent problems.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I wasn't sure if my English was good enough for my job...know what I could do in these situations.”可知，作者开始怀疑自己的英语水平，她找到自己的老师希望老师告诉她在这些情况下自己该怎么做。
4．Where did the author's teacher think her problem lay
A．She was out of practice in English.
B．She lacked experience of living abroad.
C．She lacked exposure to different accents.
D．She was unconfident when communicating.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“You are used to English that people speak in London...It usually takes a few weeks to get used to a new accent.”可知，作者的老师认为她的问题在于她只接触过带有伦敦口音的英语，没有接触过带有苏格兰等其他地方口音的英语。
B
My first week in the United States was a cultural shock.Everything felt new to me，including the style of conversation，the community I lived in and even the type of food people ate.
In our community back home，people eat mutton and chicken.Pork and beef are also common among other communities，but eating beef is taken as an illegal act.Unlike Nepal，eating beef is common in the West where most of the people follow religions other than Hinduism.
Food is just an example.When people move from one part of the world to another，they should adapt themselves to the new culture.For example，going to the bars or getting drunk is not acceptable in my community，but it is common in the US after a certain age.
I was raised in a traditional Hindu family in Nepal.We have a conservative(保守的) opinion towards marriage.Arranged marriages are common in which families decide whether the two should get married.Free love marriages are not allowed and are seldom seen.Same-sex marriages are also considered impossible.
To me，culture is a matter of habit.The culture is so deep-rooted in people's minds that most people are against changes.It is always easy for them to do what they have been doing throughout their life.It may be difficult for anyone to adapt to a new culture.
However，with travel being an unavoidable thing for modern people，one always comes across different cultures.In such cases，one should treat the culture other people follow politely and with admiration.The world is always a better place to live in when we have spaces for people of all cultures.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者谈论了美国文化给自己带来的冲击，指出在当今世界，人们应该尊重和适应他人的文化。
5．What does the Nepalese law forbid people to eat
A．Pork. B．Beef.
C．Chicken. D．Mutton.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Pork and beef are also common among other communities，but eating beef is taken as an illegal act.”可知，尼泊尔法律禁止人们吃牛肉。
6．What can we learn from the passage
A．Most westerners believe in Hinduism.
B．Getting drunk in Nepal is acceptable.
C．Anyone can enter the bars in the US.
D．The writer came across a cultural shock.
解析：D 推理判断题。通过作者的例证可知，无论在饮食禁忌方面，还是结婚风俗方面，文化都存在差异，这些文化的冲击让作者感触颇深。
7．Which may be seen most in Nepal
A．Open marriages.
B．Free love marriages.
C．Same-sex marriages.
D．Arranged marriages.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段 “Arranged marriages are common in which families decide whether the two should get married.” 可知，听从父母之命的包办婚姻在尼泊尔是常见的。
8．What is the writer's attitude to different cultures
A．Negative. B．Respectful.
C．Critical. D．Uncaring.
解析：B 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段可知，对于现代人来说，旅行不可避免，人们总是会遇到不同的文化。在这种情况下，人们应该礼貌地带着欣赏的眼光对待他人的文化。因此，对于不同的文化，作者持尊重的态度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
This wasn't the way I wanted to see Rome.
I was supposed to go to Rome with my mom back in 2019；however，life had __1__plans.A week before our trip，my mom developed a cough，which later became a __2__ diagnosis (诊断) of cancer.My mom spent the final months of her life in chemotherapy (化疗)，__3__trying to fight a terrible disease so that she wouldn't let her family down.And she didn't.__4__，she showed us how to never give up on life，even if it was a(n) __5__battle.
So，when she eventually passed away，I booked a trip to Rome.Sure，it wasn't the trip I had __6__for.But I wanted my mom to live on through me and didn't want to live a life where the phrases“should have”and“would have”swirled (盘绕) through my head and __7__my happiness.
So，I __8__．I spent two weeks doing all the things my mom and I had wanted to do.
And that's when it __9__ me.Maybe my mom wasn't __10__there，but I felt her presence every minute of every day.Her presence __11__ me that life isn't about the things we buy or the money that we __12__．It's about making __13__ with the people we love.
And after my trip to Rome，I finally knew that my mom would __14__ be there because she had forever changed my life in the __15__ possible way.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。母亲去世后，作者一个人踏上旅途。旅途中，作者对人生有了不一样的感悟。
1．A.different B．serious
C．special D．detailed
解析：A 根据下文可知，出发前一周，作者的母亲身体不适，接着被确诊患有癌症，于是作者的计划被打乱。
2．A.doubtful B．wrong
C．heartbreaking D．breathtaking
解析：C 根据该空后的cancer和下文中的“My mom spent the final months of her life in chemotherapy (化疗)”可知，这次确诊是令人心碎的。
3．A.secretly B．eagerly
C．unwillingly D．carelessly
解析：B 根据该空后的“trying to fight a terrible disease”和下文中的“she showed us how to never give up on life”可推断，作者的母亲抗癌态度积极，意愿强烈。
4．A.However B．Instead
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
解析：B 上文中的“And she didn't.”说明母亲没有让家人失望，下文中的“she showed us how to never give up on life”说明母亲向家人展示了怎样不放弃生活。Instead表示“相反，而是”，符合语境。
5．A.losing B．easy
C．ongoing D．important
解析：A 根据下文中的“she eventually passed away”可知，母亲抗癌失败了。
6．A.saved B．changed
C．hoped D．left
解析：C 根据文章开头可知，这次旅行原本是作者计划和母亲一起进行的，最后却只有作者一个人出发了，这次旅行当然不是作者原本期待的样子。
7．A.knocked down B．brought back
C．used up D．ate away
解析：D 根据上文中的“didn't want to live a life where the phrases‘should have’and‘would have’swirled (盘绕) through my head”可知，作者不想让她的生活中充满遗憾，这些遗憾会一直萦绕在她的心头，让她变得不快乐。eat away意为“逐渐破坏；吞噬；侵蚀”。
8．A.went B．quit
C．escaped D．relaxed
解析：A 根据该空后的“I spent two weeks...my mom and I had wanted to do”可知，作者去罗马旅行了。
9．A.troubled B．shaped
C．hurt D．hit
解析：D 母亲去世作者很伤心，根据下文中的“I felt her presence every minute of every day”可知，作者感到母亲时刻都在自己身边，这是作者突然意识到的事情。
10．A.naturally B．typically
C．physically D．constantly
解析：C 根据上文可知，作者的母亲已经不在了，所以此处表示实际上母亲不在作者身边。
11．A.mentioned B．reminded
C．prepared D．challenged
解析：B 根据下文中的“It's about making...with the people we love.”可推断，此处表示母亲时刻在身边这种感觉提醒作者一个关于人生的道理。
12．A.give B．waste
C．have D．want
解析：C things we buy是我们购买后拥有的东西，因此推断，此处表示“我们拥有的金钱”。
13．A.memories B．comments
C．decisions D．suggestions
解析：A 上文作者感受到母亲时刻在身边是因为和母亲之间有许多回忆，故推断此处表示作者意识到人生最重要的不是物质，而是与爱的人创造美好的回忆。
14．A.already B．always
C．luckily D．cheerfully
解析：B 根据上文中的“felt her presence every minute of every day”可知，此处表示作者在此次旅行后明白母亲一直在自己身边。
15．A.fastest B．newest
C．strangest D．best
解析：D 根据上一段可知，母亲对作者有很大的影响，让她对人生有了深刻的感悟，因此可推断，此处表示母亲以最好的方式改变了作者的生活。
