阅读理解 考点分类练4 推理判断题(2)--2026高考英语第二轮专题复习练（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 阅读理解 考点分类练4 推理判断题(2)--2026高考英语第二轮专题复习练（含答案与解析） |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026高考英语第二轮专题复习
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题(2)
Passage 1(2025山东菏泽二模)
主题:成人教育的实践创新 词数:328
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
The teacher starts with the basics:how to thread a needle.Then,over the course of the next 30 minutes,she shows the students a few different stitches(针法),along with how to mend a torn shirt.The sewing class is part of a free,one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”.The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s.
ACC has been running such programmes for six years.The workshops are designed to help people “successfully navigate adulthood”,even those who,legally and practically,have been navigating it for quite some time.The topics vary from basic—how to dress appropriately for a job interview—to advanced,such as how to file income taxes.
The rise in need for adulting classes reflects,in part,the changing nature of childhood and adolescence,which have grown more digital and less physical.American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens.TikTok and YouTube do offer handy tutorials on all manner of housework,but most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers.
Keith Hayward,a professor of the University of Copenhagen,argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their ancestors were at the same age.They are escaping from responsibilities such as marriage,home owning and child-raising because “adulting is hard”,as one of his students put it.He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elder try to offer.“If parents are not providing advice on many essential life tasks,you’re left with these classes picking up what you should have gained.”
Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed development.But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them.Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt.
1.Why is the “Adulting 101” course opened
A.To teach digital skills.
B.To make adult life smooth.
C.To train experienced tailors.
D.To advance academic level.
2.What does the rise in need for adulting classes reflect about young people today
A.Their nature of adulting.
B.Their addiction to screens.
C.Their interest in housework.
D.Their love for tutorials.
3.What is Keith Hayward’s attitude towards adulting classes
A.Doubtful. B.Negative.
C.Neutral. D.Positive.
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Adulting classes should be started earlier.
B.Practical skills are a sign of becoming mature.
C.Adulting classes are very dull for grown-ups.
D.Young people have a generation gap with their parents.
Passage 2(2025湖南湘潭5月模拟)
主题:生命科学与健康 词数:320
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
A team from Rutgers New Jersey Medical School found that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue,which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%.The team is now working on a drug to replicate these effects in humans.“Exercise capability reduces as you get older,and to have a technique that could enhance exercise performance would be very beneficial for healthful aging,” said Stephen Vatner,senior author of the study in Aging Cell.
This study revealed brown fat enhances blood flow to muscles during physical activity.The genetically modified mice produced unusually high amounts of active brown fat and showed about 30% better exercise performance than normal mice,both in speed and time to exhaustion.The modified mice,which lack a protein called RGS14,live about 20% longer than normal mice,with females living longer than males.Even at advanced ages,they maintain a healthier appearance and witness no loss of hair and graying that appear in normal elderly mice.Their brown fat tissue also protects them from certain diseases.
The researchers also transplanted the brown fat to normal mice.They noted that the receivers gained similar benefits within days.Transplants using regular brown fat from normal mice,by contrast,took eight weeks to produce much slighter improvements.
The discovery could eventually prolong the total time when people enjoy good mental and physical health.Rather than develop a treatment that addresses aging broadly,Vatner said his team plans to test for specific benefits such as improved exercise capacity and metabolism(新陈代谢).In the meantime,techniques such as ice baths can increase brown fat naturally.Studies have found such efforts produced short-term benefits that range from enhanced immune system function to improved metabolic health,but Vatner said none of the studies have run long enough to find any effect on healthful aging.
5.What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 1
A.Exam. B.Copy.
C.Lighten. D.Explain.
6.What did the study find about brown fat
A.It is produced by a certain protein.
B.It is used to treat specific illnesses.
C.It reduces exercise-related injuries.
D.It helps improve exercise tolerance.
7.Why were two different transplants conducted
A.To stress the chances of transplanting brown fat.
B.To show the underlying logic of transplanting.
C.To compare the results of two transplants.
D.To prove brown fat benefits normal mice.
8.What is Vatner’s attitude toward deliberate cold exposure
A.Cautious. B.Unclear.
C.Pessimistic. D.Approving.
Passage 3(2025河北邢台二模)
主题:生命科学与抗衰老研究 词数:320
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟
For humans,aging is unavoidable.But axolotls(美西螈),those cute smiling animals of pop culture fame,seemingly avoid this fate to a point.
In a phenomenon called “neoteny”,axolotls never outgrow their initial stage,looking like oversize babies as adults.Not only do they look youthful,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics,but these critically endangered Mexican species also experience few physical declines and diseases,and they can regenerate their limbs,tails,and even other organs over their 21-year lifespan.For that reason,human-bred axolotls,which are a light pink in color,are common research subjects for biologists,who have long been fascinated by their ability to fight aging.
Now,a new study reveals one more mystery about these curious creatures.Their bodies stop one of the key mechanisms of aging—the epigenetic clock(表观遗传时钟)—when they’re just four years old.An epigenetic clock estimates an animal’s age based on how life events,such as stress or diet,turn its genes on and off.If an animal has experienced a lot of physical and mental pain,for instance,its epigenetic or biological age,could be much older than its real age.
The findings could be one more step in the long quest to discover effective anti-aging treatments for humans,such as reducing inflammation(炎症),according to the study published on bioRxiv,a website where studies are posted without peer review.Chasing youth is a popular goal:The anti-aging market,valued at $40 billion,is estimated to hit $60 billion by 2032.What’s more,understanding axolotl genetics could inspire medicines for regenerating cells,muscles,or maybe even arms and legs.
“It is a great leap forward in aging and regeneration,” says James Godwin,an immunologist at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Maine who was not involved in the new study.“If the mechanisms can be understood,then many opportunities to improve human health could present themselves.”
The study team examined 180 axolotls from four weeks to 21 years of age.Hopefully,research on large scales is in store for future dedicated scientists.
9.What is a feature of axolotls due to “neoteny”
A.They experience rapid aging.
B.They have a higher risk of disease.
C.They maintain a young appearance.
D.They undergo a few dramatic body changes.
10.Which factor of an animal can affect its epigenetic clock
A.Its size. B.Its color.
C.Its habitat. D.Its suffering.
11.What does James Godwin think of the study
A.It is thorough.
B.It is promising.
C.It is one-sided.
D.It is misunderstood.
12.What field does the text mainly cover
A.Diet. B.Finance.
C.Psychology. D.Biology.
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥斯汀社区学院(ACC)开设的“成人101”免费课程。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“ACC has been running such programmes for six years.The workshops are designed to help people ‘successfully navigate adulthood’,even those who,legally and practically,have been navigating it for quite some time.”可知,“Adulting 101”的目的是使成人生活顺利。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The rise in need for adulting classes reflects,in part,the changing nature of childhood and adolescence,which have grown more digital and less physical.American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens.”可知,对成人课程需求的增加反映了当今年轻人对屏幕的沉迷。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,Keith Hayward认为能在这些课程中学习你本应学到的东西,所以态度是积极的。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed development.But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them.Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt.”可知,从本段可推出实用技能是成熟的一个标志。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.appropriately adv.适当地 2.shift n.转变 3.mend v.修补
熟词 生义 file (生)v.提交(税务等) (熟)n.文件
重点 短语 1.along with 和……一起 2.range from...to... 范围从……到…… 3.be designed to do sth 旨在做某事
难句 分析 If parents are not providing advice on many essential life tasks,you’re left with these classes picking up what you should have gained. 分析:本句为主从复合句。If parents are not providing advice on many essential life tasks为if引导的条件状语从句;what you should have gained为what引导的宾语从句。 译文:如果父母没有就许多基本的生活技能提供指导,那么你就只能在这些课程中学习你本应该学习的东西。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究发现棕色脂肪组织能提高老鼠的运动能力且延长它们的寿命,并探讨了其在人类健康中的应用潜力。
5.B 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“A team from Rutgers New Jersey Medical School found that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue,which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%.The team is now working on a drug to replicate these effects in humans.”可知,研究小组先发现了缺乏特定基因的老鼠所产生的特殊效果,即棕色脂肪组织能延长老鼠的寿命,改善它们的运动能力,现在研发药物是为了在人类身上也产生和老鼠同样的效果,所以replicate的意思是“复制”,与“Copy”同义。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The genetically modified mice produced unusually high amounts of active brown fat and showed about 30% better exercise performance than normal mice,both in speed and time to exhaustion.”可知,研究发现棕色脂肪有助于提高运动耐力,即选项D“它有助于提高运动耐力”。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The researchers also transplanted the brown fat to normal mice.They noted that the receivers gained similar benefits within days.Transplants using regular brown fat from normal mice,by contrast,took eight weeks to produce much slighter improvements.”可知,进行两种不同的移植是为了比较两种移植的结果,以观察哪种移植方式更有效。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In the meantime,techniques such as ice baths can increase brown fat naturally.Studies have found such efforts produced short-term benefits that range from enhanced immune system function to improved metabolic health,but Vatner said none of the studies have run long enough to find any effect on healthful aging.”可知,Vatner认为像冰浴这样的技术虽然能产生短期的好处,但还没有足够的研究来证明它们对健康衰老的影响,因此他对故意暴露于寒冷的态度是谨慎的。
易错点拨:本题易错选D项。部分考生可能只关注“can increase brown fat naturally”的积极描述,忽略后文的限制条件but...。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.capability n.能力 2.beneficial adj.有益的 3.exhaustion n.力竭 4.transplant v.移植 5.address v.解决(问题)
熟词 生义 advanced (生) adj.高龄的 (熟) adj.先进的 witness (生) v.表现出(某种特性) (熟) v.目击
重点 短语 in the meantime 在此期间,同时
难句 分析 A team from Rutgers New Jersey Medical School found that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue,which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%. 分析:本句为主从复合句。that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue 为that引导的宾语从句;which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%为which引导的非限制性定语从句。 译文:罗格斯新泽西医学院的一个研究小组发现,缺乏一种特定基因的老鼠产生了一种异常强大的棕色脂肪组织,这种脂肪组织能延长它们的寿命,并使其运动能力提高约30%。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现美西螈的身体在四岁时就停止衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟,这一发现可能是人类在寻找有效的抗衰老方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a phenomenon called ‘neoteny’,axolotls never outgrow their initial stage,looking like oversize babies as adults.Not only do they look youthful”可知,由于“幼态持续”,美西螈保持着年轻的外表。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“An epigenetic clock estimates an animal’s age based on how life events,such as stress or diet,turn its genes on and off.If an animal has experienced a lot of physical and mental pain,for instance,its epigenetic or biological age,could be much older than its real age.”可知,动物遭受的痛苦会影响它的表观遗传时钟。
11.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘It is a great leap forward in aging and regeneration,’ says James Godwin,an immunologist at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Maine who was not involved in the new study.‘If the mechanisms can be understood,then many opportunities to improve human health could present themselves.’”可知,James Godwin认为这项研究可能会导致出现许多改善人类健康的机会,所以他认为这项研究很有前途。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。文中未提及研究覆盖所有角度或数据无遗漏(仅说明样本量180只美西螈,未评价全面性)。学生可能将“180 axolotls”误解为“数据全面”,但Godwin的评论聚焦意义而非方法的严谨程度。
12.D 推理判断题。根据全文内容,结合第三段中“Now,a new study reveals one more mystery about these curious creatures.Their bodies stop one of the key mechanisms of aging—the epigenetic clock—when they’re just four years old.”可知,文章主要讲述了一项研究发现美西螈的身体在四岁时就停止衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟,这一发现可能是人类在寻找有效的抗衰老方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。关键词是衰老和遗传基因,所以文章涉及生物学领域。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.cute adj.可爱的 2.distinctive adj.独特的,与众不同的 3.quest n.寻求,探求
熟词 生义 decline (生) n.衰退 (熟) n.下降 v.谢绝 present (生) vt.提供(机会) (熟)vt.呈现
重点 短语 1.on large scales 大规模地 2.in store for 将会迎来;即将发生在……身上
难句 分析 Not only do they look youthful,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics,but these critically endangered Mexican species also experience few physical declines and diseases,and they can regenerate their limbs,tails,and even other organs over their 21-year lifespan. 分析:本句为并列句。Not only...but also...连接并列结构,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics为插入语。and 连接第三个并列分句。 译文:它们不仅外表年轻(拥有羽状结构和独特特征),这种极度濒危的墨西哥物种还几乎不经历生理衰退和疾病,并能在21年的寿命中再生四肢、尾巴甚至其他器官。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2026高考英语第二轮专题复习
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题(2)
Passage 1(2025山东菏泽二模)
主题:成人教育的实践创新 词数:328
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
The teacher starts with the basics:how to thread a needle.Then,over the course of the next 30 minutes,she shows the students a few different stitches(针法),along with how to mend a torn shirt.The sewing class is part of a free,one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”.The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s.
ACC has been running such programmes for six years.The workshops are designed to help people “successfully navigate adulthood”,even those who,legally and practically,have been navigating it for quite some time.The topics vary from basic—how to dress appropriately for a job interview—to advanced,such as how to file income taxes.
The rise in need for adulting classes reflects,in part,the changing nature of childhood and adolescence,which have grown more digital and less physical.American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens.TikTok and YouTube do offer handy tutorials on all manner of housework,but most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers.
Keith Hayward,a professor of the University of Copenhagen,argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their ancestors were at the same age.They are escaping from responsibilities such as marriage,home owning and child-raising because “adulting is hard”,as one of his students put it.He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elder try to offer.“If parents are not providing advice on many essential life tasks,you’re left with these classes picking up what you should have gained.”
Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed development.But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them.Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt.
1.Why is the “Adulting 101” course opened
A.To teach digital skills.
B.To make adult life smooth.
C.To train experienced tailors.
D.To advance academic level.
2.What does the rise in need for adulting classes reflect about young people today
A.Their nature of adulting.
B.Their addiction to screens.
C.Their interest in housework.
D.Their love for tutorials.
3.What is Keith Hayward’s attitude towards adulting classes
A.Doubtful. B.Negative.
C.Neutral. D.Positive.
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Adulting classes should be started earlier.
B.Practical skills are a sign of becoming mature.
C.Adulting classes are very dull for grown-ups.
D.Young people have a generation gap with their parents.
Passage 2(2025湖南湘潭5月模拟)
主题:生命科学与健康 词数:320
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
A team from Rutgers New Jersey Medical School found that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue,which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%.The team is now working on a drug to replicate these effects in humans.“Exercise capability reduces as you get older,and to have a technique that could enhance exercise performance would be very beneficial for healthful aging,” said Stephen Vatner,senior author of the study in Aging Cell.
This study revealed brown fat enhances blood flow to muscles during physical activity.The genetically modified mice produced unusually high amounts of active brown fat and showed about 30% better exercise performance than normal mice,both in speed and time to exhaustion.The modified mice,which lack a protein called RGS14,live about 20% longer than normal mice,with females living longer than males.Even at advanced ages,they maintain a healthier appearance and witness no loss of hair and graying that appear in normal elderly mice.Their brown fat tissue also protects them from certain diseases.
The researchers also transplanted the brown fat to normal mice.They noted that the receivers gained similar benefits within days.Transplants using regular brown fat from normal mice,by contrast,took eight weeks to produce much slighter improvements.
The discovery could eventually prolong the total time when people enjoy good mental and physical health.Rather than develop a treatment that addresses aging broadly,Vatner said his team plans to test for specific benefits such as improved exercise capacity and metabolism(新陈代谢).In the meantime,techniques such as ice baths can increase brown fat naturally.Studies have found such efforts produced short-term benefits that range from enhanced immune system function to improved metabolic health,but Vatner said none of the studies have run long enough to find any effect on healthful aging.
5.What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 1
A.Exam. B.Copy.
C.Lighten. D.Explain.
6.What did the study find about brown fat
A.It is produced by a certain protein.
B.It is used to treat specific illnesses.
C.It reduces exercise-related injuries.
D.It helps improve exercise tolerance.
7.Why were two different transplants conducted
A.To stress the chances of transplanting brown fat.
B.To show the underlying logic of transplanting.
C.To compare the results of two transplants.
D.To prove brown fat benefits normal mice.
8.What is Vatner’s attitude toward deliberate cold exposure
A.Cautious. B.Unclear.
C.Pessimistic. D.Approving.
Passage 3(2025河北邢台二模)
主题:生命科学与抗衰老研究 词数:320
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟
For humans,aging is unavoidable.But axolotls(美西螈),those cute smiling animals of pop culture fame,seemingly avoid this fate to a point.
In a phenomenon called “neoteny”,axolotls never outgrow their initial stage,looking like oversize babies as adults.Not only do they look youthful,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics,but these critically endangered Mexican species also experience few physical declines and diseases,and they can regenerate their limbs,tails,and even other organs over their 21-year lifespan.For that reason,human-bred axolotls,which are a light pink in color,are common research subjects for biologists,who have long been fascinated by their ability to fight aging.
Now,a new study reveals one more mystery about these curious creatures.Their bodies stop one of the key mechanisms of aging—the epigenetic clock(表观遗传时钟)—when they’re just four years old.An epigenetic clock estimates an animal’s age based on how life events,such as stress or diet,turn its genes on and off.If an animal has experienced a lot of physical and mental pain,for instance,its epigenetic or biological age,could be much older than its real age.
The findings could be one more step in the long quest to discover effective anti-aging treatments for humans,such as reducing inflammation(炎症),according to the study published on bioRxiv,a website where studies are posted without peer review.Chasing youth is a popular goal:The anti-aging market,valued at $40 billion,is estimated to hit $60 billion by 2032.What’s more,understanding axolotl genetics could inspire medicines for regenerating cells,muscles,or maybe even arms and legs.
“It is a great leap forward in aging and regeneration,” says James Godwin,an immunologist at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Maine who was not involved in the new study.“If the mechanisms can be understood,then many opportunities to improve human health could present themselves.”
The study team examined 180 axolotls from four weeks to 21 years of age.Hopefully,research on large scales is in store for future dedicated scientists.
9.What is a feature of axolotls due to “neoteny”
A.They experience rapid aging.
B.They have a higher risk of disease.
C.They maintain a young appearance.
D.They undergo a few dramatic body changes.
10.Which factor of an animal can affect its epigenetic clock
A.Its size. B.Its color.
C.Its habitat. D.Its suffering.
11.What does James Godwin think of the study
A.It is thorough.
B.It is promising.
C.It is one-sided.
D.It is misunderstood.
12.What field does the text mainly cover
A.Diet. B.Finance.
C.Psychology. D.Biology.
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥斯汀社区学院(ACC)开设的“成人101”免费课程。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“ACC has been running such programmes for six years.The workshops are designed to help people ‘successfully navigate adulthood’,even those who,legally and practically,have been navigating it for quite some time.”可知,“Adulting 101”的目的是使成人生活顺利。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The rise in need for adulting classes reflects,in part,the changing nature of childhood and adolescence,which have grown more digital and less physical.American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens.”可知,对成人课程需求的增加反映了当今年轻人对屏幕的沉迷。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,Keith Hayward认为能在这些课程中学习你本应学到的东西,所以态度是积极的。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed development.But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them.Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt.”可知,从本段可推出实用技能是成熟的一个标志。
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高频 词汇 1.appropriately adv.适当地 2.shift n.转变 3.mend v.修补
熟词 生义 file (生)v.提交(税务等) (熟)n.文件
重点 短语 1.along with 和……一起 2.range from...to... 范围从……到…… 3.be designed to do sth 旨在做某事
难句 分析 If parents are not providing advice on many essential life tasks,you’re left with these classes picking up what you should have gained. 分析:本句为主从复合句。If parents are not providing advice on many essential life tasks为if引导的条件状语从句;what you should have gained为what引导的宾语从句。 译文:如果父母没有就许多基本的生活技能提供指导,那么你就只能在这些课程中学习你本应该学习的东西。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究发现棕色脂肪组织能提高老鼠的运动能力且延长它们的寿命,并探讨了其在人类健康中的应用潜力。
5.B 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“A team from Rutgers New Jersey Medical School found that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue,which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%.The team is now working on a drug to replicate these effects in humans.”可知,研究小组先发现了缺乏特定基因的老鼠所产生的特殊效果,即棕色脂肪组织能延长老鼠的寿命,改善它们的运动能力,现在研发药物是为了在人类身上也产生和老鼠同样的效果,所以replicate的意思是“复制”,与“Copy”同义。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The genetically modified mice produced unusually high amounts of active brown fat and showed about 30% better exercise performance than normal mice,both in speed and time to exhaustion.”可知,研究发现棕色脂肪有助于提高运动耐力,即选项D“它有助于提高运动耐力”。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The researchers also transplanted the brown fat to normal mice.They noted that the receivers gained similar benefits within days.Transplants using regular brown fat from normal mice,by contrast,took eight weeks to produce much slighter improvements.”可知,进行两种不同的移植是为了比较两种移植的结果,以观察哪种移植方式更有效。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In the meantime,techniques such as ice baths can increase brown fat naturally.Studies have found such efforts produced short-term benefits that range from enhanced immune system function to improved metabolic health,but Vatner said none of the studies have run long enough to find any effect on healthful aging.”可知,Vatner认为像冰浴这样的技术虽然能产生短期的好处,但还没有足够的研究来证明它们对健康衰老的影响,因此他对故意暴露于寒冷的态度是谨慎的。
易错点拨:本题易错选D项。部分考生可能只关注“can increase brown fat naturally”的积极描述,忽略后文的限制条件but...。
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高频 词汇 1.capability n.能力 2.beneficial adj.有益的 3.exhaustion n.力竭 4.transplant v.移植 5.address v.解决(问题)
熟词 生义 advanced (生) adj.高龄的 (熟) adj.先进的 witness (生) v.表现出(某种特性) (熟) v.目击
重点 短语 in the meantime 在此期间,同时
难句 分析 A team from Rutgers New Jersey Medical School found that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue,which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%. 分析:本句为主从复合句。that mice lacking a specific gene developed an unusually powerful form of brown fat tissue 为that引导的宾语从句;which improved longevity and increased exercise capability by approximately 30%为which引导的非限制性定语从句。 译文:罗格斯新泽西医学院的一个研究小组发现,缺乏一种特定基因的老鼠产生了一种异常强大的棕色脂肪组织,这种脂肪组织能延长它们的寿命,并使其运动能力提高约30%。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现美西螈的身体在四岁时就停止衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟,这一发现可能是人类在寻找有效的抗衰老方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a phenomenon called ‘neoteny’,axolotls never outgrow their initial stage,looking like oversize babies as adults.Not only do they look youthful”可知,由于“幼态持续”,美西螈保持着年轻的外表。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“An epigenetic clock estimates an animal’s age based on how life events,such as stress or diet,turn its genes on and off.If an animal has experienced a lot of physical and mental pain,for instance,its epigenetic or biological age,could be much older than its real age.”可知,动物遭受的痛苦会影响它的表观遗传时钟。
11.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘It is a great leap forward in aging and regeneration,’ says James Godwin,an immunologist at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Maine who was not involved in the new study.‘If the mechanisms can be understood,then many opportunities to improve human health could present themselves.’”可知,James Godwin认为这项研究可能会导致出现许多改善人类健康的机会,所以他认为这项研究很有前途。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。文中未提及研究覆盖所有角度或数据无遗漏(仅说明样本量180只美西螈,未评价全面性)。学生可能将“180 axolotls”误解为“数据全面”,但Godwin的评论聚焦意义而非方法的严谨程度。
12.D 推理判断题。根据全文内容,结合第三段中“Now,a new study reveals one more mystery about these curious creatures.Their bodies stop one of the key mechanisms of aging—the epigenetic clock—when they’re just four years old.”可知,文章主要讲述了一项研究发现美西螈的身体在四岁时就停止衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟,这一发现可能是人类在寻找有效的抗衰老方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。关键词是衰老和遗传基因,所以文章涉及生物学领域。
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高频 词汇 1.cute adj.可爱的 2.distinctive adj.独特的,与众不同的 3.quest n.寻求,探求
熟词 生义 decline (生) n.衰退 (熟) n.下降 v.谢绝 present (生) vt.提供(机会) (熟)vt.呈现
重点 短语 1.on large scales 大规模地 2.in store for 将会迎来;即将发生在……身上
难句 分析 Not only do they look youthful,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics,but these critically endangered Mexican species also experience few physical declines and diseases,and they can regenerate their limbs,tails,and even other organs over their 21-year lifespan. 分析:本句为并列句。Not only...but also...连接并列结构,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics为插入语。and 连接第三个并列分句。 译文:它们不仅外表年轻(拥有羽状结构和独特特征),这种极度濒危的墨西哥物种还几乎不经历生理衰退和疾病,并能在21年的寿命中再生四肢、尾巴甚至其他器官。
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