阅读理解 考点分类练7 词句猜测题(1)--2026高考英语第二轮专题复习练（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 阅读理解 考点分类练7 词句猜测题(1)--2026高考英语第二轮专题复习练（含答案与解析） |
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2026高考英语第二轮专题复习
考点分类练(七) 词句猜测题(1)
Passage 1(2025福建龙岩二模)
主题:摄影 词数:338
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
Zhou Donglin is traveling during the Spring Festival in Uganda,attempting to capture precious images of mountain gorillas through her lens(镜头).
“I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales.If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts,they will come to love animals.This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature,” Zhou says.In December,Zhou’s photography work stood out from the more than 37,600 nature-themed image and video submissions from across the world.
Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013.She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents.“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want,” she says.
With her MBA background,Zhou says it’s key to pick up a wealth of knowledge about animals before getting into the field.“Nature photographers often use extremely long lenses,which are very heavy,and hiking in the wilderness requires a lot of physical strength,” Zhou says.Endurance is also key—being able to handle hunger,dirt and sometimes thirst.
The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals,motivating her to call attention to their protection.
In 2019,she worked with ornithologist(鸟类学家) Lin Qingxian from Xiamen University to set up Seeking Wild,a nonprofit organization committed to raising public awareness of wildlife conservation through field research,rescue efforts,and ecological photography.Additionally,Zhou held a personal photography exhibition,with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts.
“The images are more a source of materials for wildlife conservation,as what the eye sees is the most direct and visually impactful,” Zhou explains of the establishment of Seeking Wild.“However,when it comes to follow-up actions,I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures.”
1.Why does Zhou share the stories of wildlife through photography
A.To win international awards.
B.To develop a career in ecology.
C.To engage audiences in nature protection.
D.To stimulate audiences’ interest in animals.
2.What did Zhou realize after a car accident
A.The importance of putting life in focus.
B.The need to improve photographic skills.
C.The urgency of building a strong body.
D.The pride in being an outstanding student.
3.What does the underlined word “proceeds” in paragraph 6 refer to
A.Donations. B.Profits.
C.Works. D.Resources.
4.According to Zhou,what is the most essential for future actions
A.Groups’ effective engagement.
B.Public conservation awareness.
C.More exhibitions of wildlife images.
D.Establishment of more organizations.
Passage 2(2025安徽蚌埠二模)
主题:光污染 词数:389
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:8分钟
In the history of life on Earth,organisms have relied on the light of the sun,the moon and stars to find their way and schedule their lives.While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans,it has done much harm to the natural world.Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN),light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences,contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations,and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it.
Now,a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another finding about how ALAN is affecting coral reefs(珊瑚礁):Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning(产卵) outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce.
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations,researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs.
Corals release eggs on certain nights of the year,guided by lunar cycles.If corals are spawning on different nights,inspired to do so by the confusion of light pollution,it could reduce the likelihood of coral eggs being fertilized and surviving to produce new adult corals that help reefs to recover.
“Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet.Mass bleaching(白化) events caused by climate change,habitat destruction,fisheries,water pollution and other disturbances have reduced coral reefs substantially since the 1950s,” these worried researchers write.“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”
“If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing,we can delay switching on night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise that guides spawning remains complete,” says lead author Dr.Thomas Davies.
Obviously,light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix.Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix,but light pollution We just need to turn off the lights when necessary.That can make a significant difference to the natural world.
5.What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A.Blessing. B.Demonstration.
C.Trend. D.Crisis.
6.How does ALAN affect corals
A.It blinds new adult corals.
B.It misleads them into spawning.
C.It keeps them from reproducing.
D.It encourages coral egg hunting.
7.Why do the researchers feel worried
A.Corals are exposed to moonlight.
B.Corals are likely to become extinct.
C.Corals have lost their ecological value.
D.Corals cause disturbances to fisheries.
8.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To analyze the impact of human activity.
B.To emphasize the significant role of corals.
C.To reveal the root sources of corals’ decline.
D.To call for action to reduce light pollution.
Passage 3(2025福建龙岩一模)
主题:质疑“失败是成功之母” 词数:347
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
Winston Churchill once said,“Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.” It’s one of countless platitudes claiming that failure leads to success.But there’s strong evidence that such a concept is wrongheaded and can lead to terrible real-world consequences,researchers said in a new report.
In fact,many people do not learn from their failures,and it’s stupid to expect otherwise,according to findings published on June 10 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology:General.
“People often confuse what is with what ought to be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler,an assistant professor of management and organizations at Northwestern University,said in a news release.“People ought to pay attention and learn from failure,but often they don’t because failure is demotivating and self-threatening.”
A series of 11 experiments involving more than 1,800 participants found that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure,and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences:People vastly overestimated the percentage of prospective nurses,lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them.Nurses tended to overestimate how much colleagues would learn from a past error.People assumed that heart patients would embrace a healthier lifestyle,when many don’t.
“People expect success to follow failure much more often than it actually does,” Eskreis-Winkler said.“People usually assume that past behavior predicts future behavior,so it’s surprising that we often believe the opposite when it comes to succeeding after failure.”
Telling people they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain of a failure,but that way of thinking won’t naturally turn into people learning a lesson,researchers said.On the other hand,people can adjust their expectations of others when given more information about how little failure actually brings good results.Experiments found people were more in favor of taxpayer money being used for recovery and drug treatment programs when they learned about the low rates of success for people using those programs.
“Correcting our wrong beliefs about failure could help move taxpayer dollars from punishment to recovery and improvement,” Eskreis-Winkler said.
9.What does the underlined word “platitudes” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Worn-out sayings.
B.Confirmed principles.
C.Convincing examples.
D.Common statements.
10.What will assuming success after failure bring about
A.Higher success rate.
B.No repetition of mistakes.
C.Varied negative emotions.
D.Overoptimism about results.
11.Which of the following cases will the author approve of
A.Being passive about an intense relationship.
B.Lowering expectations of smokers after quit-failures.
C.Convincing the students a test failure is unimportant.
D.Expecting employees to learn more from work failure.
12.What would be the best title of the text
A.Braving Failures for Success
B.Tracking Failure-Success Interplay
C.Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated
D.Success Goes Hand in Hand With Failure
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师周冬林在乌干达旅行期间拍摄山地大猩猩,并通过摄影作品唤起人们保护自然的意识。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales.If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts,they will come to love animals.This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature,’ Zhou says.”可知,周冬林通过摄影分享野生动物的故事是为了让观众参与到自然保护中来。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013.She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents.‘I was too busy to try to figure out what I want,’ she says.”可知,之前周冬林忙于取悦父母而忽视自我需求,车祸后她意识到应关注自身生活的意义,即意识到了聚焦生活的重要性。
易错点拨:本题易错选D项。原文提到周冬林在车祸后意识到自己曾经“struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents”(努力成为全优生以取悦父母),并感叹“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want”(太忙而无暇思考自己真正想要什么)。这明确表达了她对过去盲目追求学业优秀的反思,而非选项D中的“pride”(骄傲)。
3.B 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“Additionally,Zhou held a personal photography exhibition,with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts.”可知,周冬林举办个人摄影展的所有收益都用于自然保护工作。故proceeds意思是“收益”。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However,when it comes to follow-up actions,I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures.”可知,周冬林认为,未来的行动最重要的是各组织的有效参与。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.submission n.提交的作品(尤指参赛作品) 2.crash n. 碰撞;(汽车)事故 3.endurance n.耐力;持久力 4.capture v.捕捉;拍摄 5.institute vt.制定;建立 6.precious adj.珍贵的 7.correspondingly adv.相应地
熟词 生义 bound (生)adj.被困住的,受束缚的 (熟)adj.必定的;注定的
重点 短语 1.stand out from 从……中脱颖而出 2.reflect on 反思 3.pick up a wealth of knowledge 学习大量知识 4.give rise to 引起;导致 5.call attention to 引起对……的关注 6.commit to 致力于;投身于
难句 分析 The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals,motivating her to call attention to their protection. 分析:本句为主从复合句。Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife为省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词the years。motivating her to call attention to their protection是现在分词短语作结果状语。 译文:周冬林花费多年拍摄自然和野生动物,这不仅催生了数万张珍贵影像,也让她爱上了这些动物,促使她呼吁关注对它们的保护。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,沿海城市的光污染会诱导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵,大大降低珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。这一发现进一步证明了光污染的危害。因此,作者呼吁减少光污染。
5.A 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans,it has done much harm to the natural world.”可知,电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音。画线词的词义与harm相反,与Blessing最接近。
易错点拨:本题易选D项。“While”引导的让步状语从句提示前半句与后半句语义对立,因此boon应与“harm”(危害)反义。D项(Crisis)与harm同属负面词汇,不符合逻辑对立关系。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第二至四段,尤其是第二段中“Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce.”可知,夜间人造灯光会误导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵。故选B项。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第五段的内容,尤其是“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”可知,珊瑚很可能会灭绝,这令研究人员担忧。故选B项。
8.D 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans,it has done much harm to the natural world.Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN),light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences,contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations,and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it.”和最后一段可知,本文旨在呼吁采取行动减少光污染。故选D项。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.emergence n.出现 2.emission n.排放(物) 3.expose vt.使暴露;使接触 4.anticipate vt. 预料;预期 5.substantially adv.大大地;非常
熟词 生义 1.schedule (生)vt.调节(生物钟) (熟) n.时间表 2.trick (生)vt. 欺骗 (熟)n.诡计,玩笑
重点 短语 1.contribute to 导致;促成 2.switch on 打开(灯光等) 3.make a difference 产生影响;起作用
难句 分析 Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations,researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs. 分析:本句为复合句。Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations为现在分词短语作状语;that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs为that引导的宾语从句;exposed to ALAN为过去分词短语作定语。 译文:通过结合光污染数据和产卵观察,研究人员首次能够证明,暴露于夜间人造光的珊瑚比未受光照的珊瑚产卵时间提前1至3天,且更接近满月时间。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑,并论述了人们往往不能从失败中学习,以及这种错误观念可能导致的现实后果。
9.D 词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“But there’s strong evidence that such a concept is wrongheaded and can lead to terrible real-world consequences,researchers said in a new report.”可推测,画线单词的意思和“常见的、被广泛提及的”相似。D项“Common statements”意为“常见的陈述”,与此相符。
10.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段以及第五段可知,人们往往认为失败后会成功,但实际并非如此,这种想法会导致人们高估失败后成功的概率,对结果过于乐观。故选D项。
11.B 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“Telling people they will succeed after failure...how little failure actually brings good results.”可知,人们常常高估失败后会成功的情况,实际上很多人不会从失败中学习,当人们了解更多关于失败很少能带来好结果的信息时,应该调整对他人的期望。B项“Lowering expectations of smokers after quit-failures.”符合文章中提到的纠正对失败的错误认知,作者可能会认可。故选B项。
12.C 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段以及全文内容可知,文章开篇以温斯顿·丘吉尔的话引出关于“失败导致成功”这一观点,接着指出有证据表明这种观念是错误的。随后通过一系列实验说明人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧,且往往高估失败后成功的可能性,还提到纠正对失败的错误认知的意义。C项“Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated”准确地概括了文章主旨,即人们认为失败能带来成功等益处这种想法是错误的,失败的益处被高估了。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.enthusiasm n.热情;热忱 2.wisdom n.智慧;经验 3.concept n. 概念 4.overestimate vt.高估 5.embrace vt.接受;采纳 6.potentially adv.潜在地
重点 短语 1.consist of 由……组成 2.confuse A with B 混淆A和B 3.in favor of 支持;赞成
难句 分析 A series of 11 experiments involving more than 1,800 participants found that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure,and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences:People vastly overestimated the percentage of prospective nurses,lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them. 分析:本句为复合句。involving more than 1,800 participants为现在分词短语作定语;that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure,and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences是由that引导的并列的宾语从句。冒号后内容解释 “terrible consequences” 的具体表现,其中who pass licensing exams...是定语从句。 译文:一项涉及1800多名参与者的11组实验发现,人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧,且期望他们那样做可能产生潜在的可怕后果:人们极大高估了未来护士、律师和教师在首次考试失败后通过资格考试的比例。
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2026高考英语第二轮专题复习
考点分类练(七) 词句猜测题(1)
Passage 1(2025福建龙岩二模)
主题:摄影 词数:338
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
Zhou Donglin is traveling during the Spring Festival in Uganda,attempting to capture precious images of mountain gorillas through her lens(镜头).
“I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales.If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts,they will come to love animals.This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature,” Zhou says.In December,Zhou’s photography work stood out from the more than 37,600 nature-themed image and video submissions from across the world.
Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013.She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents.“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want,” she says.
With her MBA background,Zhou says it’s key to pick up a wealth of knowledge about animals before getting into the field.“Nature photographers often use extremely long lenses,which are very heavy,and hiking in the wilderness requires a lot of physical strength,” Zhou says.Endurance is also key—being able to handle hunger,dirt and sometimes thirst.
The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals,motivating her to call attention to their protection.
In 2019,she worked with ornithologist(鸟类学家) Lin Qingxian from Xiamen University to set up Seeking Wild,a nonprofit organization committed to raising public awareness of wildlife conservation through field research,rescue efforts,and ecological photography.Additionally,Zhou held a personal photography exhibition,with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts.
“The images are more a source of materials for wildlife conservation,as what the eye sees is the most direct and visually impactful,” Zhou explains of the establishment of Seeking Wild.“However,when it comes to follow-up actions,I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures.”
1.Why does Zhou share the stories of wildlife through photography
A.To win international awards.
B.To develop a career in ecology.
C.To engage audiences in nature protection.
D.To stimulate audiences’ interest in animals.
2.What did Zhou realize after a car accident
A.The importance of putting life in focus.
B.The need to improve photographic skills.
C.The urgency of building a strong body.
D.The pride in being an outstanding student.
3.What does the underlined word “proceeds” in paragraph 6 refer to
A.Donations. B.Profits.
C.Works. D.Resources.
4.According to Zhou,what is the most essential for future actions
A.Groups’ effective engagement.
B.Public conservation awareness.
C.More exhibitions of wildlife images.
D.Establishment of more organizations.
Passage 2(2025安徽蚌埠二模)
主题:光污染 词数:389
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:8分钟
In the history of life on Earth,organisms have relied on the light of the sun,the moon and stars to find their way and schedule their lives.While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans,it has done much harm to the natural world.Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN),light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences,contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations,and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it.
Now,a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another finding about how ALAN is affecting coral reefs(珊瑚礁):Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning(产卵) outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce.
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations,researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs.
Corals release eggs on certain nights of the year,guided by lunar cycles.If corals are spawning on different nights,inspired to do so by the confusion of light pollution,it could reduce the likelihood of coral eggs being fertilized and surviving to produce new adult corals that help reefs to recover.
“Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet.Mass bleaching(白化) events caused by climate change,habitat destruction,fisheries,water pollution and other disturbances have reduced coral reefs substantially since the 1950s,” these worried researchers write.“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”
“If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing,we can delay switching on night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise that guides spawning remains complete,” says lead author Dr.Thomas Davies.
Obviously,light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix.Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix,but light pollution We just need to turn off the lights when necessary.That can make a significant difference to the natural world.
5.What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A.Blessing. B.Demonstration.
C.Trend. D.Crisis.
6.How does ALAN affect corals
A.It blinds new adult corals.
B.It misleads them into spawning.
C.It keeps them from reproducing.
D.It encourages coral egg hunting.
7.Why do the researchers feel worried
A.Corals are exposed to moonlight.
B.Corals are likely to become extinct.
C.Corals have lost their ecological value.
D.Corals cause disturbances to fisheries.
8.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To analyze the impact of human activity.
B.To emphasize the significant role of corals.
C.To reveal the root sources of corals’ decline.
D.To call for action to reduce light pollution.
Passage 3(2025福建龙岩一模)
主题:质疑“失败是成功之母” 词数:347
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
Winston Churchill once said,“Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.” It’s one of countless platitudes claiming that failure leads to success.But there’s strong evidence that such a concept is wrongheaded and can lead to terrible real-world consequences,researchers said in a new report.
In fact,many people do not learn from their failures,and it’s stupid to expect otherwise,according to findings published on June 10 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology:General.
“People often confuse what is with what ought to be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler,an assistant professor of management and organizations at Northwestern University,said in a news release.“People ought to pay attention and learn from failure,but often they don’t because failure is demotivating and self-threatening.”
A series of 11 experiments involving more than 1,800 participants found that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure,and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences:People vastly overestimated the percentage of prospective nurses,lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them.Nurses tended to overestimate how much colleagues would learn from a past error.People assumed that heart patients would embrace a healthier lifestyle,when many don’t.
“People expect success to follow failure much more often than it actually does,” Eskreis-Winkler said.“People usually assume that past behavior predicts future behavior,so it’s surprising that we often believe the opposite when it comes to succeeding after failure.”
Telling people they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain of a failure,but that way of thinking won’t naturally turn into people learning a lesson,researchers said.On the other hand,people can adjust their expectations of others when given more information about how little failure actually brings good results.Experiments found people were more in favor of taxpayer money being used for recovery and drug treatment programs when they learned about the low rates of success for people using those programs.
“Correcting our wrong beliefs about failure could help move taxpayer dollars from punishment to recovery and improvement,” Eskreis-Winkler said.
9.What does the underlined word “platitudes” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Worn-out sayings.
B.Confirmed principles.
C.Convincing examples.
D.Common statements.
10.What will assuming success after failure bring about
A.Higher success rate.
B.No repetition of mistakes.
C.Varied negative emotions.
D.Overoptimism about results.
11.Which of the following cases will the author approve of
A.Being passive about an intense relationship.
B.Lowering expectations of smokers after quit-failures.
C.Convincing the students a test failure is unimportant.
D.Expecting employees to learn more from work failure.
12.What would be the best title of the text
A.Braving Failures for Success
B.Tracking Failure-Success Interplay
C.Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated
D.Success Goes Hand in Hand With Failure
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师周冬林在乌干达旅行期间拍摄山地大猩猩,并通过摄影作品唤起人们保护自然的意识。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales.If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts,they will come to love animals.This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature,’ Zhou says.”可知,周冬林通过摄影分享野生动物的故事是为了让观众参与到自然保护中来。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013.She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents.‘I was too busy to try to figure out what I want,’ she says.”可知,之前周冬林忙于取悦父母而忽视自我需求,车祸后她意识到应关注自身生活的意义,即意识到了聚焦生活的重要性。
易错点拨:本题易错选D项。原文提到周冬林在车祸后意识到自己曾经“struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents”(努力成为全优生以取悦父母),并感叹“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want”(太忙而无暇思考自己真正想要什么)。这明确表达了她对过去盲目追求学业优秀的反思,而非选项D中的“pride”(骄傲)。
3.B 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“Additionally,Zhou held a personal photography exhibition,with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts.”可知,周冬林举办个人摄影展的所有收益都用于自然保护工作。故proceeds意思是“收益”。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However,when it comes to follow-up actions,I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures.”可知,周冬林认为,未来的行动最重要的是各组织的有效参与。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.submission n.提交的作品(尤指参赛作品) 2.crash n. 碰撞;(汽车)事故 3.endurance n.耐力;持久力 4.capture v.捕捉;拍摄 5.institute vt.制定;建立 6.precious adj.珍贵的 7.correspondingly adv.相应地
熟词 生义 bound (生)adj.被困住的,受束缚的 (熟)adj.必定的;注定的
重点 短语 1.stand out from 从……中脱颖而出 2.reflect on 反思 3.pick up a wealth of knowledge 学习大量知识 4.give rise to 引起;导致 5.call attention to 引起对……的关注 6.commit to 致力于;投身于
难句 分析 The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals,motivating her to call attention to their protection. 分析:本句为主从复合句。Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife为省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词the years。motivating her to call attention to their protection是现在分词短语作结果状语。 译文:周冬林花费多年拍摄自然和野生动物,这不仅催生了数万张珍贵影像,也让她爱上了这些动物,促使她呼吁关注对它们的保护。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,沿海城市的光污染会诱导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵,大大降低珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。这一发现进一步证明了光污染的危害。因此,作者呼吁减少光污染。
5.A 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans,it has done much harm to the natural world.”可知,电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音。画线词的词义与harm相反,与Blessing最接近。
易错点拨:本题易选D项。“While”引导的让步状语从句提示前半句与后半句语义对立,因此boon应与“harm”(危害)反义。D项(Crisis)与harm同属负面词汇,不符合逻辑对立关系。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第二至四段,尤其是第二段中“Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce.”可知,夜间人造灯光会误导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵。故选B项。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第五段的内容,尤其是“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”可知,珊瑚很可能会灭绝,这令研究人员担忧。故选B项。
8.D 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans,it has done much harm to the natural world.Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN),light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences,contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations,and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it.”和最后一段可知,本文旨在呼吁采取行动减少光污染。故选D项。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.emergence n.出现 2.emission n.排放(物) 3.expose vt.使暴露;使接触 4.anticipate vt. 预料;预期 5.substantially adv.大大地;非常
熟词 生义 1.schedule (生)vt.调节(生物钟) (熟) n.时间表 2.trick (生)vt. 欺骗 (熟)n.诡计,玩笑
重点 短语 1.contribute to 导致;促成 2.switch on 打开(灯光等) 3.make a difference 产生影响;起作用
难句 分析 Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations,researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs. 分析:本句为复合句。Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations为现在分词短语作状语;that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs为that引导的宾语从句;exposed to ALAN为过去分词短语作定语。 译文:通过结合光污染数据和产卵观察,研究人员首次能够证明,暴露于夜间人造光的珊瑚比未受光照的珊瑚产卵时间提前1至3天,且更接近满月时间。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑,并论述了人们往往不能从失败中学习,以及这种错误观念可能导致的现实后果。
9.D 词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“But there’s strong evidence that such a concept is wrongheaded and can lead to terrible real-world consequences,researchers said in a new report.”可推测,画线单词的意思和“常见的、被广泛提及的”相似。D项“Common statements”意为“常见的陈述”,与此相符。
10.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段以及第五段可知,人们往往认为失败后会成功,但实际并非如此,这种想法会导致人们高估失败后成功的概率,对结果过于乐观。故选D项。
11.B 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“Telling people they will succeed after failure...how little failure actually brings good results.”可知,人们常常高估失败后会成功的情况,实际上很多人不会从失败中学习,当人们了解更多关于失败很少能带来好结果的信息时,应该调整对他人的期望。B项“Lowering expectations of smokers after quit-failures.”符合文章中提到的纠正对失败的错误认知,作者可能会认可。故选B项。
12.C 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段以及全文内容可知,文章开篇以温斯顿·丘吉尔的话引出关于“失败导致成功”这一观点,接着指出有证据表明这种观念是错误的。随后通过一系列实验说明人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧,且往往高估失败后成功的可能性,还提到纠正对失败的错误认知的意义。C项“Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated”准确地概括了文章主旨,即人们认为失败能带来成功等益处这种想法是错误的,失败的益处被高估了。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.enthusiasm n.热情;热忱 2.wisdom n.智慧;经验 3.concept n. 概念 4.overestimate vt.高估 5.embrace vt.接受;采纳 6.potentially adv.潜在地
重点 短语 1.consist of 由……组成 2.confuse A with B 混淆A和B 3.in favor of 支持;赞成
难句 分析 A series of 11 experiments involving more than 1,800 participants found that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure,and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences:People vastly overestimated the percentage of prospective nurses,lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them. 分析:本句为复合句。involving more than 1,800 participants为现在分词短语作定语;that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure,and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences是由that引导的并列的宾语从句。冒号后内容解释 “terrible consequences” 的具体表现,其中who pass licensing exams...是定语从句。 译文:一项涉及1800多名参与者的11组实验发现,人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧,且期望他们那样做可能产生潜在的可怕后果:人们极大高估了未来护士、律师和教师在首次考试失败后通过资格考试的比例。
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