阅读理解 文体分类练4 说明文之研究报告类--2026高考英语第二轮专题复习练（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 阅读理解 文体分类练4 说明文之研究报告类--2026高考英语第二轮专题复习练（含答案与解析） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026高考英语第二轮专题复习
文体分类练(四) 说明文之研究报告类
Passage 1(2025河北张家口二模)
主题:人工智能影响购买意愿 词数:342
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:8分钟
A study published in the Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management found that describing a product as “AI-powered” lowers a customer’s intention to buy it.
Researchers sampled participants across various age groups and showed them the same products — the only difference between them was that one was described as “high-tech” and the other as “AI-powered”.“In every single case,the intention to buy or use the product or service was greatly lower whenever we mentioned AI in the product description,” said Dogan Gursoy,one of the study’s authors.
The study says two kinds of trust play a part in consumers’ less-than-rosy perception of products that describe themselves as “AI-powered”.The first kind,cognitive(认知的) trust,has to do with the higher standard that people hold AI to as a machine they expect to be free from human error.So,when AI does slip up,that trust can be quickly ruined.For example,people criticized Google last year for providing confusing and even false information,pressuring the company to walk back some of the features’ capabilities.
In addition,limited knowledge and understanding about the inner workings of AI force consumers to fall back on emotional trust and make their own subjective judgments about the technology.“One of the reasons is fear of the unknown,” Gursoy said.“Before ChatGPT was introduced,not many people had any ideas about AI.” And the way AI is presented in pop culture,like Hollywood science fiction films where robots appear as villains(反派主角),has a bigger impact on shaping public perception towards AI.Another is the perceived risk around AI—particularly with how it handles users’ personal data,according to Gursoy.
Therefore,Gursoy warns companies against adding the “AI” label as an appealing word without details on its capabilities.“The most advisable thing for them to do is to come up with the right messaging,” he said.“Rather than simply putting ‘AI-powered’ or ‘run by AI’,telling people how this can help them will ease consumers’ fear.”
1.What discovery was made by the study
A.Consumers prefer AI products.
B.High-tech products are less popular.
C.AI-described products attract fewer customers.
D.AI-labeled products sell better with high-tech ones.
2.Why does cognitive trust in AI break down easily
A.AI often fails basic tasks.
B.People think AI is less efficient.
C.AI is too complex to understand.
D.People expect perfection from AI.
3.What affects consumers’ emotional trust in AI
A.High service prices.
B.Limited product functions.
C.Slow technology development.
D.Insufficient AI operation knowledge.
4.What are companies advised to do
A.Explain the benefits of AI.
B.Keep away from AI usage.
C.Detail the production process.
D.Simplify “AI-powered” labels.
Passage 2(2025湖北十堰三模)
主题:冰川退缩加剧 词数:364
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:8分钟
A new study has revealed the alarming extent glaciers have shrunk over the past 40 years in a global warming hot spot for the first time,and the biggest retreat(退缩) has occurred in recent years.
The research,led by the University of Bristol,shows that the vast majority of glaciers across Svalbard in the Arctic have been significantly shrinking.Findings revealed an area loss of more than 800 km2 at the glacier boundaries in this Norwegian group of islands since 1985.The study also found that more than half of glaciers go through seasonal cycles in glacier calving(崩解) when large blocks of ice break away due to higher ocean and air temperatures.
Co-author Jonathan Bamber,Professor of Glaciology at the University of Bristol,said,“Glacier calving is a poorly modelled and understood process that plays a crucial role in the health of the glacier.Our study provides valuable insights into what controls calving and how it responds to climate forcing in an area at the frontline of global warming.”
Lead author Dr.Li,Senior Research Associate at the University’s Glaciology Centre,said,“The scale of glacier retreat over the past few decades is astonishing,with ice loss now affecting almost the entire Svalbard.This highlights the weakness of glaciers to climate change,especially in Svalbard,a region experiencing rapid warming up to seven times faster than the global average.”
Using a novel AI model,the research team analysed millions of satellite images capturing the end positions of glaciers across the entire Svalbard.The findings provide an unprecedented level of detail into the scale and nature of glacier loss in this region.The biggest peak in glacier retreat was detected in 2016,when the calving rates were double the average between 2010 and 2015,in response to extreme warming events.
“This was likely caused by a large-scale weather pattern called atmospheric blocking that can influence atmospheric pressures,” said Dr.Li.“With the increasing frequency of atmospheric blocking and ongoing regional warming,future retreat of glaciers is expected to accelerate,resulting in greater glacier mass loss.This would change the ocean circulation and marine life environments in the Arctic.”
5.What is the author’s intention in writing paragraph 1
A.To discuss the retreat of the glacier.
B.To present the author’s opinion.
C.To explain the effect of hot spots.
D.To introduce the study’s main findings.
6.What is scientists’ current understanding of glacier calving
A.Precise. B.Extensive.
C.Limited. D.Comprehensive.
7.What does Dr.Li’s statement imply about the glaciers
A.They will calve at a top speed.
B.They may experience faster retreat.
C.They will remain at a fixed rate of retreat.
D.They may decrease because of little snow.
8.What is the text
A.A research paper on glacier calving mechanics.
B.A news report on glacier retreat in Svalbard.
C.A summary of a climate change conference.
D.An article about the history of glaciology.
Passage 3(2025安徽合肥二模)
主题:表达感激的方式差异 词数:318
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟
Among world languages,English places perhaps the highest value on the expressions of thanks,especially in formal and business settings.So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.If somebody didn’t say “thanks”,we often think they must not have been very grateful.And yet,in English,“thank you” gets used so frequently that it can easily start to feel habitual.
But do we say it as much as we think in our casual interactions with family and friends A new research paper titled Universals and Cultural Diversity in the Expression of Thankfulness suggests that no,we do not.
The research team behind the paper looked for expressions of thankfulness in daily informal interactions across eight languages:English,Italian,Polish,Russian,Lao,Cha’palaa,Murrinhpatha,and Siwu.The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks,but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual(相互的) assistance and working together are the norm.In fact,the practice of giving thanks seems to have little impact on the practice of mutual exchange.
The practice of giving thanks also varies culturally.In India,for example,people — especially when they are your elders,relatives,or close friends — tend to feel that by thanking them,you’re weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist!In contrast,in England,expressing thankfulness through words is seen as a positive strengthening of relationships,promoting goodwill and connection.
Nick Enfield,lead researcher of the study,suggests that most of the 6,000 to 7,000 world languages don’t have a word for “thank you”.“When we consider the negative effects of thanking close relations alongside the fact that many languages are spoken in very small communities where speakers are likely to know each other,that claim starts to feel quite reasonable.”
9.What does the underlined word “conflate” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Compare. B.Replace.
C.Figure out. D.Mix up.
10.How do people express thankfulness universally according to the study
A.By saying thanks directly.
B.By making social agreements.
C.By using body language.
D.By helping and cooperating.
11.How do Indians view the practice of giving thanks to relatives
A.It weakens their bond.
B.It reduces their social distance.
C.It enhances their connection.
D.It promotes their mutual trust.
12.What does Nick Enfield imply in the last paragraph
A.Many cultures do not emphasize thankfulness.
B.Thankfulness might not be expressed in words.
C.Small communities prefer to thank close friends.
D.The negative effects of thanking should be avoided.
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究发现,在产品描述中提及人工智能(AI)会显著降低消费者的购买意愿,并分析了消费者对AI产品信任度较低的原因,以及专家对企业的建议。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段“A study published in the Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management found that describing a product as ‘AI-powered’ lowers a customer’s intention to buy it.”可知,这项研究发现被描述为人工智能的产品吸引的顾客更少。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first kind,cognitive (认知的) trust,has to do with the higher standard that people hold AI to as a machine they expect to be free from human error.So,when AI does slip up,that trust can be quickly ruined.”可推知,人们对人工智能的认知信任容易破裂是因为人们对人工智能的期望很高。
易错点拨:本题易错选C项。虽然第四段中提到消费者对AI的内部运作缺乏了解(“limited knowledge and understanding about the inner workings of AI”),但这属于情感信任(emotional trust)的范畴,而非认知信任(cognitive trust)。认知信任的崩溃是因为人们对AI的完美性期望(“higher standard...free from human error”)与实际错误之间的矛盾,与“复杂性”无关。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In addition,limited knowledge and understanding about the inner workings of AI force consumers to fall back on emotional trust and make their own subjective judgments about the technology.”可知,消费者对人工智能操作知识的不足影响了他们对人工智能的情感信任。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“telling people how this can help them will ease consumers’ fear”可知,企业被建议解释人工智能带来的好处。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.intention n.意图 2.ruin vt.毁坏 3.confusing adj.令人困惑的 4.false adj.虚假的 5.subjective adj.主观的
熟词 生义 sample (生)v.对……作抽样调查 (熟) n.样本
重点 短语 1.describe...as...把……描述成…… 2.force sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事 3.warn sb against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事 4.come up with提出,想出
难句 分析 The first kind,cognitive (认知的) trust,has to do with the higher standard that people hold AI to as a machine they expect to be free from human error. 分析:本句为主从复合句。that people hold AI to为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词standard;they expect to be free from human error为省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词machine。 译文:第一种是认知信任,源于人们以更高标准要求AI——作为一种机器,它理应避免人类错误。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究揭示了斯瓦尔巴群岛的冰川在过去40年里显著退缩,近年退缩加剧,未来或加速,影响深远。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study has revealed the alarming extent glaciers have shrunk(缩小) over the past 40 years in a global warming hot spot for the first time,and the biggest retreat (退缩) has occurred in recent years.”可知,第一段主要介绍了这项研究的主要发现,即冰川在过去40年缩小的程度以及近年来退缩最为严重。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Glacier calving is a poorly modelled and understood process that plays a crucial role in the health of the glacier.”可知,科学家们目前对冰川崩解的理解是有限的。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With the increasing frequency of atmospheric blocking and ongoing regional warming,future retreat of glaciers is expected to accelerate,resulting in greater glacier mass loss.”可知,李博士的话暗示了冰川可能会经历更快的退缩。
8.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了一项由布里斯托大学领导的研究,揭示了北极地区斯瓦尔巴群岛的冰川在过去40年里的退缩情况,包括退缩的程度、冰川崩解的情况以及未来的趋势等。所以B项“A news report on glacier retreat in Svalbard”符合文章内容。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然文中提到冰川崩解(glacier calving)及其与气候的关系(如第三段),但这只是研究发现的一部分内容,而非全文核心。文章主体是报道斯瓦尔巴群岛冰川退缩的整体情况(如面积减少、退缩速度、气候影响等),并引用多位研究人员的观点,符合新闻报告(news report)的特征。A项过于聚焦局部细节,忽略了文章的综合性。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.alarming adj.令人恐慌的;令人担忧的 2.extent n.程度 3.shrink v.缩小 4.crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的 5.accelerate vi. 加速
重点 短语 1.go through 经历;遭受 2.break away 脱离 3.in response to 作为对……的回应 4.result in导致
难句 分析 The study also found that more than half of glaciers go through seasonal cycles in glacier calving(崩解) when large blocks of ice break away due to higher ocean and air temperatures. 分析:本句为主从复合句,that引导的是宾语从句,when large blocks of ice break away为when引导的时间状语从句。 译文:该研究还发现,当大块的冰由于海洋和空气温度升高而崩解时超过一半的冰川在冰川崩解中经历了季节性循环。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现不同文化表达感激的方式有差异,很多语言甚至无“谢谢”一词,且普遍靠互助合作表达感激。
9.D 词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句“So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.”以及下一句“If somebody didn’t say ‘thanks’,we often think they must not have been very grateful.”可知,英语使用者常把说“谢谢”这种表达感激的方式和内心真正的感激之情弄混了。conflate的意思是“混淆;混为一谈”,与Mix up(混淆)意思相符。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然compare(比较)看似合理,但原文语境强调英语使用者倾向于将“表达感谢”与“内心感激”混为一谈(即认为不说“谢谢”=不感激),而非单纯比较两者。因此,compare未能准确体现这种模糊界限、等同看待的语义。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks,but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm.”可知,表达感激的普遍方式是通过相互帮助和合作。
11.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“In India,for example,people—especially when they are your elders,relatives,or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them,you’re weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist!”可知,印度人认为向亲戚表达感谢会削弱他们之间的联系。
12.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,尼克·恩菲尔德暗示,很多语言中没有“谢谢”这个词,结合上文提到不同文化中表达感谢的方式不同,可推断出感激之情可能不是通过语言来表达的。
提分干货
高频 词汇 1.logical adj.合乎逻辑的 2.casual adj.随便的;非正式的 3.interaction n.相互作用;交流 4.claim n.声称;断言
重点 短语 1.tend to do sth 倾向于做某事 2.in contrast 相比之下 3.see...as... 把……看作……
难句 分析 The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks,but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm. 分析:本句为主从复合句。in which thankfulness is expressed和in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm均为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,分别修饰先行词way和agreement。 译文:研究发现,表达感激的普遍方式并非通过口头致谢,而是通过参与一种以互助协作为常态的社会契约。
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2026高考英语第二轮专题复习
文体分类练(四) 说明文之研究报告类
Passage 1(2025河北张家口二模)
主题:人工智能影响购买意愿 词数:342
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:8分钟
A study published in the Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management found that describing a product as “AI-powered” lowers a customer’s intention to buy it.
Researchers sampled participants across various age groups and showed them the same products — the only difference between them was that one was described as “high-tech” and the other as “AI-powered”.“In every single case,the intention to buy or use the product or service was greatly lower whenever we mentioned AI in the product description,” said Dogan Gursoy,one of the study’s authors.
The study says two kinds of trust play a part in consumers’ less-than-rosy perception of products that describe themselves as “AI-powered”.The first kind,cognitive(认知的) trust,has to do with the higher standard that people hold AI to as a machine they expect to be free from human error.So,when AI does slip up,that trust can be quickly ruined.For example,people criticized Google last year for providing confusing and even false information,pressuring the company to walk back some of the features’ capabilities.
In addition,limited knowledge and understanding about the inner workings of AI force consumers to fall back on emotional trust and make their own subjective judgments about the technology.“One of the reasons is fear of the unknown,” Gursoy said.“Before ChatGPT was introduced,not many people had any ideas about AI.” And the way AI is presented in pop culture,like Hollywood science fiction films where robots appear as villains(反派主角),has a bigger impact on shaping public perception towards AI.Another is the perceived risk around AI—particularly with how it handles users’ personal data,according to Gursoy.
Therefore,Gursoy warns companies against adding the “AI” label as an appealing word without details on its capabilities.“The most advisable thing for them to do is to come up with the right messaging,” he said.“Rather than simply putting ‘AI-powered’ or ‘run by AI’,telling people how this can help them will ease consumers’ fear.”
1.What discovery was made by the study
A.Consumers prefer AI products.
B.High-tech products are less popular.
C.AI-described products attract fewer customers.
D.AI-labeled products sell better with high-tech ones.
2.Why does cognitive trust in AI break down easily
A.AI often fails basic tasks.
B.People think AI is less efficient.
C.AI is too complex to understand.
D.People expect perfection from AI.
3.What affects consumers’ emotional trust in AI
A.High service prices.
B.Limited product functions.
C.Slow technology development.
D.Insufficient AI operation knowledge.
4.What are companies advised to do
A.Explain the benefits of AI.
B.Keep away from AI usage.
C.Detail the production process.
D.Simplify “AI-powered” labels.
Passage 2(2025湖北十堰三模)
主题:冰川退缩加剧 词数:364
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:8分钟
A new study has revealed the alarming extent glaciers have shrunk over the past 40 years in a global warming hot spot for the first time,and the biggest retreat(退缩) has occurred in recent years.
The research,led by the University of Bristol,shows that the vast majority of glaciers across Svalbard in the Arctic have been significantly shrinking.Findings revealed an area loss of more than 800 km2 at the glacier boundaries in this Norwegian group of islands since 1985.The study also found that more than half of glaciers go through seasonal cycles in glacier calving(崩解) when large blocks of ice break away due to higher ocean and air temperatures.
Co-author Jonathan Bamber,Professor of Glaciology at the University of Bristol,said,“Glacier calving is a poorly modelled and understood process that plays a crucial role in the health of the glacier.Our study provides valuable insights into what controls calving and how it responds to climate forcing in an area at the frontline of global warming.”
Lead author Dr.Li,Senior Research Associate at the University’s Glaciology Centre,said,“The scale of glacier retreat over the past few decades is astonishing,with ice loss now affecting almost the entire Svalbard.This highlights the weakness of glaciers to climate change,especially in Svalbard,a region experiencing rapid warming up to seven times faster than the global average.”
Using a novel AI model,the research team analysed millions of satellite images capturing the end positions of glaciers across the entire Svalbard.The findings provide an unprecedented level of detail into the scale and nature of glacier loss in this region.The biggest peak in glacier retreat was detected in 2016,when the calving rates were double the average between 2010 and 2015,in response to extreme warming events.
“This was likely caused by a large-scale weather pattern called atmospheric blocking that can influence atmospheric pressures,” said Dr.Li.“With the increasing frequency of atmospheric blocking and ongoing regional warming,future retreat of glaciers is expected to accelerate,resulting in greater glacier mass loss.This would change the ocean circulation and marine life environments in the Arctic.”
5.What is the author’s intention in writing paragraph 1
A.To discuss the retreat of the glacier.
B.To present the author’s opinion.
C.To explain the effect of hot spots.
D.To introduce the study’s main findings.
6.What is scientists’ current understanding of glacier calving
A.Precise. B.Extensive.
C.Limited. D.Comprehensive.
7.What does Dr.Li’s statement imply about the glaciers
A.They will calve at a top speed.
B.They may experience faster retreat.
C.They will remain at a fixed rate of retreat.
D.They may decrease because of little snow.
8.What is the text
A.A research paper on glacier calving mechanics.
B.A news report on glacier retreat in Svalbard.
C.A summary of a climate change conference.
D.An article about the history of glaciology.
Passage 3(2025安徽合肥二模)
主题:表达感激的方式差异 词数:318
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟
Among world languages,English places perhaps the highest value on the expressions of thanks,especially in formal and business settings.So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.If somebody didn’t say “thanks”,we often think they must not have been very grateful.And yet,in English,“thank you” gets used so frequently that it can easily start to feel habitual.
But do we say it as much as we think in our casual interactions with family and friends A new research paper titled Universals and Cultural Diversity in the Expression of Thankfulness suggests that no,we do not.
The research team behind the paper looked for expressions of thankfulness in daily informal interactions across eight languages:English,Italian,Polish,Russian,Lao,Cha’palaa,Murrinhpatha,and Siwu.The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks,but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual(相互的) assistance and working together are the norm.In fact,the practice of giving thanks seems to have little impact on the practice of mutual exchange.
The practice of giving thanks also varies culturally.In India,for example,people — especially when they are your elders,relatives,or close friends — tend to feel that by thanking them,you’re weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist!In contrast,in England,expressing thankfulness through words is seen as a positive strengthening of relationships,promoting goodwill and connection.
Nick Enfield,lead researcher of the study,suggests that most of the 6,000 to 7,000 world languages don’t have a word for “thank you”.“When we consider the negative effects of thanking close relations alongside the fact that many languages are spoken in very small communities where speakers are likely to know each other,that claim starts to feel quite reasonable.”
9.What does the underlined word “conflate” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Compare. B.Replace.
C.Figure out. D.Mix up.
10.How do people express thankfulness universally according to the study
A.By saying thanks directly.
B.By making social agreements.
C.By using body language.
D.By helping and cooperating.
11.How do Indians view the practice of giving thanks to relatives
A.It weakens their bond.
B.It reduces their social distance.
C.It enhances their connection.
D.It promotes their mutual trust.
12.What does Nick Enfield imply in the last paragraph
A.Many cultures do not emphasize thankfulness.
B.Thankfulness might not be expressed in words.
C.Small communities prefer to thank close friends.
D.The negative effects of thanking should be avoided.
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究发现,在产品描述中提及人工智能(AI)会显著降低消费者的购买意愿,并分析了消费者对AI产品信任度较低的原因,以及专家对企业的建议。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段“A study published in the Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management found that describing a product as ‘AI-powered’ lowers a customer’s intention to buy it.”可知,这项研究发现被描述为人工智能的产品吸引的顾客更少。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first kind,cognitive (认知的) trust,has to do with the higher standard that people hold AI to as a machine they expect to be free from human error.So,when AI does slip up,that trust can be quickly ruined.”可推知,人们对人工智能的认知信任容易破裂是因为人们对人工智能的期望很高。
易错点拨:本题易错选C项。虽然第四段中提到消费者对AI的内部运作缺乏了解(“limited knowledge and understanding about the inner workings of AI”),但这属于情感信任(emotional trust)的范畴,而非认知信任(cognitive trust)。认知信任的崩溃是因为人们对AI的完美性期望(“higher standard...free from human error”)与实际错误之间的矛盾,与“复杂性”无关。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In addition,limited knowledge and understanding about the inner workings of AI force consumers to fall back on emotional trust and make their own subjective judgments about the technology.”可知,消费者对人工智能操作知识的不足影响了他们对人工智能的情感信任。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“telling people how this can help them will ease consumers’ fear”可知,企业被建议解释人工智能带来的好处。
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高频 词汇 1.intention n.意图 2.ruin vt.毁坏 3.confusing adj.令人困惑的 4.false adj.虚假的 5.subjective adj.主观的
熟词 生义 sample (生)v.对……作抽样调查 (熟) n.样本
重点 短语 1.describe...as...把……描述成…… 2.force sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事 3.warn sb against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事 4.come up with提出,想出
难句 分析 The first kind,cognitive (认知的) trust,has to do with the higher standard that people hold AI to as a machine they expect to be free from human error. 分析:本句为主从复合句。that people hold AI to为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词standard;they expect to be free from human error为省略关系词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词machine。 译文:第一种是认知信任,源于人们以更高标准要求AI——作为一种机器,它理应避免人类错误。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究揭示了斯瓦尔巴群岛的冰川在过去40年里显著退缩,近年退缩加剧,未来或加速,影响深远。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段“A new study has revealed the alarming extent glaciers have shrunk(缩小) over the past 40 years in a global warming hot spot for the first time,and the biggest retreat (退缩) has occurred in recent years.”可知,第一段主要介绍了这项研究的主要发现,即冰川在过去40年缩小的程度以及近年来退缩最为严重。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Glacier calving is a poorly modelled and understood process that plays a crucial role in the health of the glacier.”可知,科学家们目前对冰川崩解的理解是有限的。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With the increasing frequency of atmospheric blocking and ongoing regional warming,future retreat of glaciers is expected to accelerate,resulting in greater glacier mass loss.”可知,李博士的话暗示了冰川可能会经历更快的退缩。
8.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了一项由布里斯托大学领导的研究,揭示了北极地区斯瓦尔巴群岛的冰川在过去40年里的退缩情况,包括退缩的程度、冰川崩解的情况以及未来的趋势等。所以B项“A news report on glacier retreat in Svalbard”符合文章内容。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然文中提到冰川崩解(glacier calving)及其与气候的关系(如第三段),但这只是研究发现的一部分内容,而非全文核心。文章主体是报道斯瓦尔巴群岛冰川退缩的整体情况(如面积减少、退缩速度、气候影响等),并引用多位研究人员的观点,符合新闻报告(news report)的特征。A项过于聚焦局部细节,忽略了文章的综合性。
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高频 词汇 1.alarming adj.令人恐慌的;令人担忧的 2.extent n.程度 3.shrink v.缩小 4.crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的 5.accelerate vi. 加速
重点 短语 1.go through 经历;遭受 2.break away 脱离 3.in response to 作为对……的回应 4.result in导致
难句 分析 The study also found that more than half of glaciers go through seasonal cycles in glacier calving(崩解) when large blocks of ice break away due to higher ocean and air temperatures. 分析:本句为主从复合句,that引导的是宾语从句,when large blocks of ice break away为when引导的时间状语从句。 译文:该研究还发现,当大块的冰由于海洋和空气温度升高而崩解时超过一半的冰川在冰川崩解中经历了季节性循环。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现不同文化表达感激的方式有差异,很多语言甚至无“谢谢”一词,且普遍靠互助合作表达感激。
9.D 词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句“So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.”以及下一句“If somebody didn’t say ‘thanks’,we often think they must not have been very grateful.”可知,英语使用者常把说“谢谢”这种表达感激的方式和内心真正的感激之情弄混了。conflate的意思是“混淆;混为一谈”,与Mix up(混淆)意思相符。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然compare(比较)看似合理,但原文语境强调英语使用者倾向于将“表达感谢”与“内心感激”混为一谈(即认为不说“谢谢”=不感激),而非单纯比较两者。因此,compare未能准确体现这种模糊界限、等同看待的语义。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks,but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm.”可知,表达感激的普遍方式是通过相互帮助和合作。
11.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“In India,for example,people—especially when they are your elders,relatives,or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them,you’re weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist!”可知,印度人认为向亲戚表达感谢会削弱他们之间的联系。
12.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,尼克·恩菲尔德暗示,很多语言中没有“谢谢”这个词,结合上文提到不同文化中表达感谢的方式不同,可推断出感激之情可能不是通过语言来表达的。
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高频 词汇 1.logical adj.合乎逻辑的 2.casual adj.随便的;非正式的 3.interaction n.相互作用;交流 4.claim n.声称;断言
重点 短语 1.tend to do sth 倾向于做某事 2.in contrast 相比之下 3.see...as... 把……看作……
难句 分析 The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks,but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm. 分析:本句为主从复合句。in which thankfulness is expressed和in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm均为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,分别修饰先行词way和agreement。 译文:研究发现,表达感激的普遍方式并非通过口头致谢,而是通过参与一种以互助协作为常态的社会契约。
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