Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Reading and Thinking课文助读(讲义)2025-2026学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第二册

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名称 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Reading and Thinking课文助读(讲义)2025-2026学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第二册
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UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE
Reading and Thinking
【教材原文】
FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS
Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society.①There comes a time ②when the old must give way to<1> the new, and ③it is not possible to preserve<2> everything from our past ④as we move towards the future.⑤Finding and keeping the right balance<3> between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.
Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to<4> great solutions.In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam<5> across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area.But the proposal<6> led to protests<7>. Water from the dam would likely<8> damage a number of<9> temples and destroy cultural relics ⑥that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.After listening to ⑦the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to<10> the United Nations for help in 1959.
A committee<11> was established<12> to limit<13> damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent<14> the loss<15> of cultural relics.The group asked for contributions<16> from different departments<17> and raised funds<18> within<19> the international community.Experts investigated<20> the issue<21>,conducted<22> several tests,and then made a proposal for ⑧how the buildings could be saved.Finally, a document<23> was signed, and the work began in 1960.
The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down<24> piece by piece, and then moved and put back<25> together again in a place ⑨where they were safe from the water.In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple.Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless<26> cultural relics.Fifty countries donated<27> nearly $80 million to the project.
When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success<28>.Not only had the countries found a path to<29> the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive<30> today.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing<31> .If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
【词汇注解】
<1>give way to 让步;屈服
<2>preserve vt.保存;保护;维持 n.保护区
<3>balance n.平衡;均匀 vt.使平衡
※keep balance 保持平衡
<4>lead to 导致(to是介词)
<5>dam n.水坝;拦河坝
<6>proposal n.提议;建议
<7>protest n.抗议 vi.&vt.(公开)反对;抗议
<8>likely adj.可能的adv.可能地
<9>a number of 一些……;许多……
<10>turn to 向……求助
<11>committee n.委员会
<12>establish vt.建立;创立
<13>limit n.限度;限制vt.限制;限定
<14>prevent vt.阻止;阻碍;阻挠
<15>loss n.丧失;损失
<16>contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠
<17>department n.部;司;科
<18>fund n.基金;专款
<19>within prep.& adv. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内
<20>investigate vi.& vt.调查;研究
<21>issue n. 重要议题;争论的问题vt.宣布;公布
<22>conduct n.行为;举止;管理方法 vt.组织;安排;带领
<23>document n.文件;公文;(计算机)文档 vt.记录;记载(详情)
<24>take down 拆卸;记下
<25>put back 将……放回原处
<26>countless adj.无数的;数不尽的
<27>donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血)
<28>success n.成功的事,此处是抽象名词具体化的用法。
<29>a path to…通往……的道路
<30>alive adj.继续存在
<31>disappear vi.消失;灭绝;消亡
【语法注解】
①There comes…是there be句型的变式。
※There be句型属于完全倒装结构,该句型中be还可用come,appear,lie,live,stand,remain,exist等表示存在一类的动词替换。
②when 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a time。a time when…表示“一段……的时期”。
③It is not possible to do sth表示“做……是不可能的”。it是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语。
④as在句中引导时间状语从句,as表示“当……时,随着”。
⑤动名词短语 Finding and keeping…在句中作主语。
⑥that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词cultural relics。关系词that在从句中作主语,不能省略。
⑦此处含有两个who引导的定语从句,分别修饰先行词scientists和citizens。关系词在从句中作主语,不能省略。
⑧how 引导的宾语从句,作介词for的宾语。
⑨where 引导定语从句,先行词是a place,关系副词where在定语从句中作状语。
not only…but (also)连接两个分句且not only…位于句首时,not only后的分句要用部分倒装语序,但but (also)后的分句不倒装。
that引导的定语从句,修饰a path。关系词that在从句中作主语,不能省略。
which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰UNESCO;that引导定语从句,修饰a programme。
【参考译文】
从问题到解决方案
如果我们想改善社会,经济发展是必要的。1.__旧事物必须让步于新事物的时代来到了。__迈向未来时,我们不可能把过去一切都保留下来。在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点,并加以保持,这可能是一个巨大的挑战。
然而,巨大的挑战有时会带来非常好的解决方案。20世纪50年代,埃及政府想要在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝,用来防洪,发电,并为该地区更多的农民供水。但该提议引发了抗议。大坝的水可能会破坏许多寺庙,并摧毁作为埃及文化遗产重要组成部分的文物。2.__在听取了研究这一问题的科学家和住在大坝附近的居民的意见后__,政府于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。
(联合国)成立了一个委员会来限制对埃及建筑物的破坏,防止文物的损失。该组织向不同部门寻求捐款,并在国际社会内筹集资金。专家们调查了这个问题,进行了几次测试,然后就如何拯救这些建筑物提出了建议。最后,签署了一份文件,这项工作于1960年开始。
该项目汇集了来自世界各地的政府和环保人士。寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块拆下来,然后搬到一个远至不受河水侵袭的安全地带再重新组装起来。1961年,德国工程师移走了第一座庙宇。在接下来的20年里,成千上万的工程师和工人拯救了22座庙宇和无数的文物。50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。
当这个项目在1980年结束时,它被认为是一个巨大的成功。3.__这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路,而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。__
阿斯旺水坝工程的精神今天仍然存在。也许最好的例子是联合国教科文组织,该组织开展了一个防止世界各地文化遗产消失的项目。如果一个问题对一个国家来说似乎太困难,国际社会有时可以为其提供一个解决方案。
【核心突破】
1.(教材P4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
?句型:There comes a time when………的时代到来
(1)There comes a time when… ……的时代到来, when在此引导定语从句,修饰a time; 同时该句是完全倒装。
There was once a time when…曾经有段时期……
(2)There be句型属于完全倒装结构,该句型中的be还可换成come;appear;lie;live;stand;seem;remain;exist等。
2.(教材P4)Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点,并加以保持,这可能是一个巨大的挑战。
?balance  n.平衡;均匀;天平;余额 vt.使平衡
(1)keep/lose one's balance保持/失去平衡
the balance between A and B A和B之间的平衡
(2)balance A and/with B 同等重视A与B
balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
(3)balanced adj.保持(或显示)平衡的
keep/eat a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡
?lead to (to为介词) 导致;造成(后果);通向
lead sb to do sth   引领某人做某事
lead sb to (sth) 使某人得出(观点);引导某人……
lead the way 带路;领先
lead sb by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走
3.(教材P4)But the proposal led to protests.但该提案引发了抗议。
?proposal n.提议;建议
(1)make a proposal      提出建议
make a proposal that…(should) do sth提议……
(2)propose  vt.提议;建议
propose doing/to do sth 建议做某事
propose that …(should) do sth 提议……
?protest n.抗议 vt.&vi.(公开)反对;抗议
(1)make/raise a protest (against) (对……)提出抗议
in protest 抗议
(2)protest about/against/at 抗议;反对
protest that… 坚持说……
4.(教材P4)Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.来自大坝的水(地下渗水)可能会破坏一些寺庙并摧毁文物——这些文物都是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。
?likely adj.可能的 adv.可能地
be (un)likely to do sth   很/不可能做某事
It's (un)likely that… 有/不可能……
【注意】likely的主语既可以是人,也可以是物,还可以用it作形式主语;而possible, probable通常只能用it作形式主语:
It is likely/possible/probable that… (√)
It is possible (for sb) to do sth (√)
Sb/Sth is likely to do sth (√)
Sb/Sth is possible/probable to do sth (×)
5.(教材P4)…the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.……政府于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。
turn to 向……求助;致力于;翻到(书的某页);转向
turn down   调低;拒绝
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是;证明是;生产出
turn up 调高(热量、音量等);出现
6.(教材P4)A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.为了限制(修建大坝)对埃及建筑造成的破坏,阻止文物的损失,一个委员会应运而生。
?limit n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定
(1)within the limits of在……的范围内
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的
set a limit to/on 设定……的限度
(2)limit…to…(=be limited to ) 把……限定在……范围内
limit sb to doing sth 限制某人(做)某事
(3)limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限的;无止境的
limitation n.限制;控制
?prevent n.阻止;阻碍;阻挠;防止
(1)prevent…(from) doing sth 阻止……做某事
(2)protect sb from/against sth 保护某人免遭某物(伤害)
【注意】 与prevent…(from) doing sth相似的短语有stop…(from) doing sth和keep…from doing sth,意为“阻止……做某事”,三者可以替换使用。注意三个短语的主动语态中,keep…from doing sth中的from不能省略,因为keep…doing sth意为“使……持续做某事”; 在被动语态中,上述几个短语中的from都不可以省略。
?
loss n.丧失;损失
(1)make up for the loss 弥补损失
at a loss 不知所措,困惑
suffer a loss 遭受(……的)损失
(2)lose v.(lost, lost)失去;丢失;损失;输掉
(3)lost adj.迷路的;迷失的;丢失的
be lost in=lose oneself in 沉浸于……中
7.(教材P4)The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community.该组织向不同部门寻求捐款,并在国际社会筹集资金。
?contribution n.贡献;捐款;捐赠
(1)make a contribution(s) to对……作出贡献
(2)contribute vi.&vt.捐献;捐助;增加;投稿
vi.促成,造成(某事发生)
contribute…to… 向……捐献……
contribute to… 有助于;促成;为……作贡献;为……捐款;向……投稿
8.(教材P4)Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project.50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。
?donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血)
(1)donate…to…     向……捐赠……
(2)donation n.捐赠;捐赠物
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donator n.捐赠者
9.(教材P4)Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路,而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
?句型:not only…but also…“不但……而且……”,连接并列成分
“Not only had the countries found a path…” 是一个倒装句型,其正常语序为:The countries had not only found a path…
(1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)若连接两个句子,且not only位于句首时,not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词:
either…or…   不是……就是……
not…but… 不是……而是……
10.(教材P5)Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam 埃及政府为什么想要尝试建造这座大坝呢?
?attempt n.&vt.企图;试图;尝试
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth
        尝试做某事
at one's/the first attempt (某人)第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do sth 试图做某事
11.(教材P5)We must protect the temple and make sure that no damage is done.我们必须保护这些寺庙,确保不造成任何损害。
?make sure 确保;设法保证
(1)make sure 确保……; 弄清楚……
(2)be sure of/that… 确信……
be sure to do sth 一定会/要做某事
12.(教材P5) A lot of money was spent to protect the temples.Do you think it was worthwhile
人们花了很多钱来保护寺庙。你认为值得吗?
?worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的
(1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth做某事是值得的
(2)worth adj.有……价值;值……钱
be worth+n./pron./doing 值得……