Unit 5 Play by the rules? 单词讲解（含3个部分）2025新外研版八年级英语上册

2025新外研版八年级英语上册Unit5单词讲解
A部分
1.Opposite (介词) 在......的对面
【用法讲解】 opposite还可为形容词，译为“相反的、对立的、对面的”；opposite还可为可数名词，译为“对立面、反义词”，常与定冠词the连用，其复数形式为opposites。
注意：opposite在作介词时，其同义词组为across from.
Eg: The bank is opposite the supermarket.
= The bank is across from the supermarket.
银行在超市对面。
The twins have opposite personalities.
双胞胎性格截然相反。
The man you’re looking for is in the shop opposite.
你找的人在对面的商店里。
Black is the opposite of white.
黑色是白色的对立面。
They are complete opposites.
他们截然相反。
【常见搭配】 be opposite to... 与...相反、与...相对
On the opposite side of ... 在...的另一边
Do the opposite 做相反的事
Eg: My opinion is opposite to yours.
我的观点和你的相反。
The store is on the opposite side of the street.
商店在街道对面。
He always tells me to do the opposite.
他总让我做相反的事。
【派生词】 opposed为形容词，译为“反对的”；
opposing为形容词，译为“对立的”；
Opposition为名词，译为“反对、对手”；
oppose为动词，译为“反对”。
Eg: Many people are opposed to the new policy.
很多人反对这项新政策。
The two teams had opposing strategies in the game.
两支球队在比赛中采用了对立的策略。
There was strong opposition to the plan.
对该计划有强烈的反对意见。
In the race, he saw his fellow runners as opposition.
在比赛中，他把其他参赛选手视为对手。
Some citizens opposed the construction of the new factory.
一些市民反对新建这家工厂。
【即学即用】
1.Go straight and the bank is ________ (在...对面) the supermarket.
2.Our office is opposite to the bank. (同义句转换)
Our office is ________ _______ the bank.
答案：1. opposite 2. across from
2.Packet (名词) 小包、小盒、小袋
【用法讲解】 packet为可数名词，其复数形式为packets。
Eg: She bought a packet of biscuits at the store.
她在商店买了一包饼干。
【常见搭配】 a packet of ... 一包...
Packets data 数据包
Eg: She gave me two packets of sweets.
她给了我两包糖果。
The network is transmitting packet data.
网络正在传输数据包。
【易混辨析】 packet与pack的区别：
packet主要强调包装好的小包物品或数据包等；
pack作名词时，主要指背包、一群人等；作动词时，有打包、挤满等意思。
Eg: I sent a packet of books to my friend by air mail.
我用航空邮件给朋友寄了一包书。
A pack of children were playing in the park.
一群孩子在公园里玩耍。
【即学即用】
1.她小心地打开那包糖，把糖倒进咖啡里。
She carefully opened ______ _______ ______ ______ and poured it into her coffee.
答案：the packet of sugar
3.Picnic (名词) 野餐
【用法讲解】 picnic为可数名词，其复数形式为picnics；picnic还可为动词，译为“去野餐”。
Eg: The picnic included sandwiches, fruits and drinks.
野餐的食物包括三明治、水果和饮料。
We are planning to picnic in the countryside this Saturday.
我们计划这个周六去乡下野餐。
【常见搭配】 have a picnic 进行野餐、举行野餐
Go on a picnic 去野餐
Eg: We had a picnic in the park yesterday.
昨天我们在公园进行了野餐。
Let’s go on a picnic this Sunday.
这个周日我们去野餐吧。
【即学即用】
1.上星期天我们在乡下进行了野餐。
We _______ ______ _______ in the countryside last Sunday.
答案：had a picnic
4.Smelly (形容词) 有臭味的
【用法讲解】 smelly在句中常位于名词前作定语或系动词后作表语。
Eg: The old house had a smelly smell, probably due to the dampness.
那座老房子有股臭味，可能是因为潮湿的缘故。
The trash can is smelly because we haven’t emptied it for days.
垃圾桶很臭，因为我们好几天都没倒垃圾了。
【派生词】 smell为动词，译为“闻起来、散发（...气味）”；smell还可为名词，译为“气味、嗅觉”。
Eg: The flowers smell sweet.
这些花闻起来很香。
The old book smells musty.
这本旧书散发出一股霉味。
There is a strange smell in the room.
房间里有一股奇怪的气味。
Dogs have a very good sense of smell.
狗有很灵敏的嗅觉。
【即学即用】
1.The trash became _________ (smell) after days in the sun.
答案：smelly
5.Cheese (名词) 干酪、奶酪
【用法讲解】 cheese常为不可数名词；但cheese在表示不同种类或某一块奶酪时，为可数名词，其复数形式为cheeses。
Eg: She added some cheese to the pizza.
她在披萨上加了写奶酪。
French cheeses are famous worldwide.
法国奶酪闻名全球。
【常见搭配】 a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
Big cheese 重要人物、大人物（一种俚语）
Eg: Can I have a piece of cheese, please
请给我一块奶酪好吗？
He is the big cheese in the company.
他是公司里的大人物。
【即学即用】
1.I like to eat _________ (奶酪) with bread for breakfast.
答案：cheese
6.Noise (名词) 噪声、嘈杂声
【用法讲解】 noise为不可数名词。
Eg: The loud noise from the nearby factory chafed him.
附近工厂的噪声使他烦躁。
【常见搭配】 make noise 制造噪音
Eg: Don’t make any noise, your father is sleeping.
不要制造任何噪音，你爸爸正在睡觉。
【派生词】 noisy为形容词，译为“嘈杂的、喧闹的”。
Eg: The noisy children were running around in the park.
那些吵闹的孩子在公园里到处跑。
【易混辨析】 sound, voice与noise区别：
sound指自然界中所有的声音
Voice指人说话的声音或悦耳的鸟叫
Noise指让人不舒服的噪音
Eg: sound of music 音乐之声
That sounds great. 听起来不错。
The girl’s voice is sweet. 这个女孩的声音很甜美。
Don’t make noise, please. 请不要制造噪音。
【即学即用】
( )1. My sister has a very beautiful _______.
A.sound B. noise C. voice
2.请不要在教室里制造噪音。
Please don’t ________ ________ ________.
答案： 1. C 2. make some noise
7.Reduce (动词) 减少、缩小、降低
Eg: We should reduce the amount of sugar in our diet.
我们应该减少饮食中糖的摄入量。
The company adopted new technology to reduce the cost of production.
公司采用了新技术来降低生产成本。
【常见搭配】 reduce to... (数字) 减少到...、降低到...；
Reduce by... (百分比) 减少了...、降低了...；
Reduce ... to doing sth. 被迫采取某种行为做某事。
Eg: The temperature is expected to reduce to zero degrees Celsius tonight.
预计今晚气温将降至零摄氏度。
The price of this product has been reduced by 20%.
这个产品的价格已经降低了20%。
The drought reduced farmers to begging.
旱灾迫使农民乞讨。
【即学即用】
1.I need to r_______ sugar intake to lose weight.
我需要减少糖分摄入以减肥。
答案：reduce
8.Kick (动词) 踢
【用法讲解】 kick作动词还可译为“迫使离开、解雇”；kick还可作名词，译为“踢”。
Eg: The boy kicked the ball hard.
男孩用力踢了球。
The manager decided to kick the lazy employee out of the team.
经理决定把这个懒惰的员工踢出团队。
He gave the dog a gentle kick.
他轻轻地踢了狗一下。
【常见搭配】 kick about... 到处扔、随意放置
Kick back... 放松、踢回
Kick in... 开始生效、捐款
Eg: The old toys are kicking about in the attic.
那些旧玩具在阁楼里到处乱扔。
We kicked about the town all day.
我们在城里四处走动了一整天。
After work, I like to kick back and watch TV.
下班后，我喜欢放松一下，看看电视。
The ball kicked back and hit him in the face.
球回弹过来打到了他的脸上。
The pain - killer will kick in soon.
止疼药很快就会起作用了。
Everyone kicked in some money for the charity.
每个人都为慈善事业捐了一些钱。
【即学即用】
1.He k________ the ball into the net.
答案：kicked
9.Seat (名词) 座、座位
【用法讲解】 seat作名词为可数名词，其复数形式为seats，还可译为“所在地、席位”；seat还可为动词，译为“安排座位、容纳人数、安装”。
Eg: Please check your boarding pass for your assigned seat.
请查看登机牌上的指定座位。
Beijing is the seat of government of China.
北京是中国政府所在地。
Jack will win a seat in an election.
杰克将在选举中赢得一个席位。
The protocol officer seated diplomats according to their ranks.
礼宾官按外交官级别安排入座。
The amphitheater seats 1,200 with optimal sightlines.
该圆形剧场最佳观演区设1200座。
Seat the valve carefully to prevent gas leakage.
仔细安装阀门底座以防气体泄漏。
【常见搭配】 take/ have a seat 坐下
Seat oneself 自行坐下
Book a seat 预定座位
Eg: Can I have a seat here
我可以坐这里吗？
Please seat yourself. 请坐。
I booked a seat on the high - speed train to Beijing on the Internet.
我在网上预定了去北京的高铁座位。
【即学即用】
1.Last year its 1431 _________ (seat) were 94 percent occupied all year long.
答案：seats
10.Passenger (名词) 乘客、旅客
【用法讲解】 passenger为可数名词，其复数形式为passengers。
Eg: The passengers on the plane were all nervous during the turbulence.
飞机遇到气流颠簸时，乘客们都很紧张。
【常见搭配】 passenger transport 客运
Passenger flow 客流
Eg: Urban passenger transport needs more investment.
城市客运需要更多投资。
The subway station has heavy passenger flow during rush hours.
地铁站在高峰时段客流很大。
【即学即用】
1.There are many _________ (乘客) waiting at the bus stop for the next bus.
答案：passengers
11.Anything (代词) 任何事物都（没有）
【用法讲解】 anything为不定代词，主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句；形容词修饰anything时要后置。
Eg: Is there anything in the box
盒子里有什么吗？
I don’t know anything about it.
我对此一无所知。
If you remember anything, please let us know.
如果你还记得什么，请告诉我们。
There isn’t anything important today.
今天没有什么重要的事。
【即学即用】
( )1. You have just read the newspaper. Did you find _____ in it
A.interesting anything
B. anything interesting
C. interesting something
D. something interesting
答案：B
12.Fool (名词) 蠢人、傻子、笨蛋
【用法讲解】 fool作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为fools；fool还可为动词，译为“愚弄、欺骗、戏弄”。
Eg: Don’t be a fool! You’re making a big mistake.
别犯傻了！你正在犯一个大错误。
She fooled him with a fake story.
她用一个假故事骗了他。
【常见搭配】 fool + 宾语 + into doing sth. 骗某人做某事
Fool + 宾语 + out of sth. 通过欺诈手段骗取某物
Fool around/ about ... 无所事事、虚度光阴
Make a fool of sb. 使某人出丑、愚弄某人
Eg: The salesman fooled me into buying an overpriced product.
推销员骗我买下了高价商品。
The scammer fooled the elderly man out of his savings.
骗子骗走了老人的积蓄。
He spent the whole afternoon fooling around instead of studying.
他整个下午都在闲混，而没有学习。
Don’t try to make a fool of me. I’m not that easily deceived.
别想愚弄我。我没那么容易上当。
【派生词】 foolish为形容词，译为“愚蠢的、傻的”。
Eg: He made a foolish mistake in the exam.
他在考试中犯了一个愚蠢的错误。
【即学即用】
1.He is such a ________ (蠢人) that he made the same mistake again.
答案：fool
13.Sign (名词) 标记、指示牌、标牌
【用法讲解】 sign作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为signs，还可译为“手势、迹象”；sign作动词还可译为“签署、签字、打手势”。
Eg: He made a sign with his hand to ask me to come over.
他用手势示意我过去。
There is a “No Parking” sign here.
这里有一个“禁止停车”的标志。
The dark clouds are a sign of rain.
乌云是下雨的征兆。
Please sign your name here.
请在这里签上你的名字。
They signed a contract yesterday.
他们昨天签订了一份合同。
He signed to me that it was time to leave.
他向我打手势表示该离开了。
【常见搭配】 show signs of ... 显示出...的迹象
Traffic sign 交通标志
Make a sign 做手势
Sign language 手语
Sign to sth. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
Eg: The plant shows signs of wilting.
这株植物显出枯萎的迹象。
We should follow the traffic signs when driving.
开车时我们应该遵守交通标志。
He made a sign to me to come over.
他向我做了个手势让我过去。
Some deaf - mute people communicate through sign language.
一些聋哑人通过手语交流。
The teacher signed to the students to be quiet.
老师示意学生们保持安静。
【即学即用】
1.The stop ________ (标志) was hidden by overgrown bushes.
B部分
1.Throat (名词) 喉咙、咽喉
Eg:The doctor examined her throat with a tongue depressor.
医生用压舌板检查了她的喉咙。
【常见搭配】 clear one’s throat 清喉咙
Ram sth. down one’s throat 强迫某人接收某事
Have a sore throat 嗓子疼
Eg: He cleared his throat before speaking.
他清了清嗓子才开始说话。
He rammed his opinion down my throat.
他强迫我接受他的观点。
I have a sore throat today.
我今天嗓子疼。
【即学即用】
1.他清了清嗓子开始说话。
He _______ ______ _______ before speaking.
答案：cleared his throat
2.Responsibility (名词) 责任
【用法讲解】 responsibility常为可数名词，其复数形式为responsibilities；但responsibility在表示抽象责任概念，如道德、社会或法律层面的总体义务时为不可数名词。
Eg: Her responsibilities include managing the team and overseeing projects.
她的职责包括管理团队和监督项目。
Success comes with great responsibility.
成功伴随重大责任。
【常见搭配】 take responsibility (for) ... 主动承担责任
social responsibility 社会责任
Sense of responsibility 责任感
Eg: He took responsibility for the mistake.
他主动承担了错误的责任。
Companies should have social responsibility.
企业应有社会责任感。
She shows a strong sense of responsibility.
她表现出强烈的责任感。
【派生词】 responsible为形容词，译为“有责任的、可靠的”。
Eg: Parents should be responsible for their children’s behavior.
父母应该对孩子的行为负责。
【即学即用】
1.It is the teacher’s ____________ (responsible) to ensure that all students understand the lesson.
答案：responsibility
3.Cause (名词) 原因、起因
【用法讲解】 cause作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，还可译为“原告、事业”；cause还可为动词，译为“引起、导致、使遭受“。
Eg: The cause of the accident is still unknown.
事故的原因仍然不明。
The plaintiff is the cause in a civil lawsuit.
在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。
She devoted her life to the cause of education.
她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。
Smoking can cause many health problems.
吸烟会导致许多健康问题。
The war caused great suffering to the people.
战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。
【常见搭配】 root cause 根本原因
Main cause 主要原因
Cause sb. sth. 给某人带来某种影响
Cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
In the cause of ... 为了...的目的
Eg: Identifying the root cause is crucial for solving the problem.
找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。
Pollution is a major cause of climate change.
污染是气候变化的主要原因。
The news caused her great joy.
这个消息让她非常高兴。
His speech caused the audience to applaud.
他的演讲使观众鼓掌。
They fought in the cause of freedom.
他们为了自由的目的而战。
【即学即用】
1.The c________ of the fire was a faulty electrical wire.
答案：cause
4.Belt (名词) 腰带、皮带
【用法讲解】 belt为可数名词，其复数形式为belts；belt还可为动词，译为“ 用腰带系紧、猛击、快速移动”。
Eg: He wore a black leather belt with his jeans.
他穿牛仔裤时配了一条黑色皮腰带。
She belted her coat tightly before going out.
他出门前把外套腰带系紧。
The boxer belted his opponent with a powerful punch.
拳击手一记击中对手。
The car belted down the highway at 120 mph.
汽车以120英里时速在高速公路上飞驰。
【常见搭配】 Seat belt 安全带
Belt out 高声歌唱
Tighten one’s belt 节省开支
Below the belt 不公正手段
Have sth. under one’s belt 已掌握/经历
Eg: Always wear your seat belt while driving.
驾驶时务必系好安全带。
The singer belted out a classic ballad.
歌手高唱经典情歌。
We need to tighten our belts this month.
这个月得勒紧裤腰带。
Criticizing her age was below the belt.
批评她得年龄有失公允。
She has three years of teaching under her belt.
她已有三年教学经验。
【即学即用】
1.为了您的安全，请系好安全带。
Please wear a _______ ______ for your safety.
答案：seat belt
5.Station (名词) 车站
【用法讲解】 station为可数名词，其复数形式为stations；station还可为动词，译为“驻扎、安置”。
Eg: Which station should I get off for the museum
去博物馆该在哪一站下车？
Soldiers were stationed at the border to maintain security.
士兵被派驻边境维护安全。
The company stationed its engineers in different cities.
公司把工程师派驻到不同城市。
【常见搭配】 train/ bus station 火车/公交车站
Radio/ TV station 广播电台/电视台
Police station 警察局
Be stationed in/ at ... 被派驻于
Eg: The train station is crowded during rush hour.
高峰时段火车站很拥挤。
She works at a local TV station.
她在当地电视台工作。
The police station is located downtown.
警察局位于市中心。
He was stationed in Germany during his service.
他服役期间被派驻德国。
【即学即用】
1.I’ll meet you at the train s________ tomorrow.
答案：station
6.Flowerpot (名词) 花盆
【用法讲解】 flowerpot为可数名词，其复数形式为flowerpots。
Eg: The old flowerpot in the corner was full of soil but no flowers.
角落里那个旧花盆装满了土，但没有花。
【即学即用】
1.The designer used colorful ___________ (flowerpot) to brighten up the room.
答案：flowerpots
7.Pick up 捡起
【用法讲解】 Pick up还可译为“搭乘、学会、购买、接电话、接收”等
注意：当宾语为代词时，需位于二者之间。
Eg: Please pick up your toys.
请把你的玩具捡起来。
I’ll pick you up at 8:00.
我将在8点接你。
She picked up Spanish while living in Mexico.
她在墨西哥生活时学会了西班牙语。
I picked up a few things at the store.
我在商店买了一些东西。
I’ll pick up the phone.
我会接电话。
The radio can pick up stations from all over the world.
这台收音机能接收来自世界各地的电台。
【即学即用】
1.公共汽车在三站载送通勤者。
The bus _______ _______ commuters at three stops.
答案： picks up
8.Mess (名词) 脏乱、凌乱
【用法讲解】 mess还可为动词，译为“弄乱、干涉”。
Eg: The room was a mess after the party.
聚会后，房间一片狼藉。
Don’t mess up the documents on my desk.
别把我桌子上的文件弄乱了。
You’d better not mess in the affairs of others.
你最好不要干涉他人的事情。
【常见搭配】 in a mess 处于混乱之中
Make a mess of ... 把...弄得一团糟
Clean up a mess 把东西清理干净
Eg: The local economy is now in a mess.
当地的经济现在很混乱。
She made a mess of the presentation by forgetting her notes.
她忘了带笔记，把演讲搞得一团糟。
It took hours to clean up the mess left by the storm.
花了几个消失把风暴留下的狼藉收拾干净。
【即学即用】
1.不要把办公室弄得很乱。
Don’t leave the office ______ ______ ______.
答案：in a mess
9.Honesty (名词) 诚实、正直、坦诚
【用法讲解】 honesty为不可数名词。
Eg: His honesty won him the respect of his colleagues.
他的诚实赢得了同事们的尊重。
【常见搭配】 In all honesty 老实说
A sense of honesty 诚实感
Eg: In all honesty, I don’t think I can finish the work on time.
老实说，我觉得我无法按时完成这项工作。
Children should be taught to have a sense of honesty from an early age.
应该从小教育孩子要有诚实感。
【派生词】 honest为形容词，译为“诚实的”；
dishonest为形容词，译为“不诚实的”。
注意：honest中的h不发音，常与不定冠词an连用。
Eg: He is an honest man. = The man is honest.
他是一个诚实的人。
He thinks you are dishonest.
他觉得你不够诚实。
【即学即用】
1.老实说，我认为这个计划行不通。
______ _______ _______, I don’t think this plan will work.
2.His _________ (honest) is not in question.
答案：1. In all honesty 2. honesty
10.Spread (动词) 传播
【用法讲解】 spread作动词还可译为“展开、涂”；spread还可作名词，译为“传播、蔓延”。
Eg: The news of his success spread quickly through the town.
他成功的消息很快在镇上传开了。
She spread the blanket on the grass and lay down.
她把毯子铺在草地上，然后躺了下来。
He spread some butter on the toast.
他在烤面包上涂了些黄油。
The spread of the virus is a serious problem.
病毒的传播是一个严重的问题。
【常见搭配】 spread oneself too thin 精力过度分散
Eg: Managing three startups spread him too thin.
同时经营三家初创公司让他分身乏术。
【即学即用】
1.Rumors (谣言) s________ through social media.
答案：spread
11.Law (名词) 法则、法令
【用法讲解】law为名词，译为“法律”；law在表示“法律、法学”时为不可数名词、在表示“法律条文”时为可数名词。
Eg: The new law has received the royal assent.
新的法规已得到国王批准。
He studies law. 他研究法学。
Do you know the laws of the game
你知道这项比赛的规则吗？
A new law on environmental protection
一项新的环境保护法
【常见搭配】 by law 依法、根据法律
Break the law 违法
Enforce the law 执法
Follow the law 遵守法律
The rule of law 法治
Eg: The decision was made by law.
这个决定是依法作出的。
He was arrested for breaking the law.
他因违法而被逮捕。
The police are responsible for enforcing the law.
警察负责执法。
We must follow the law and be strict in performing our official duties.
坚持依法行政、从严治政。
We promote the rule of law and protect human dignity.
我们倡导法治，保护人类尊严。
【派生词】lawyer为可数名词，其复数形式为lawyers，译为“律师”。
Eg: A good lawyer can always find a loophole.
精明的律师总能找到漏洞。
【常见搭配】 act as lawyer for sb. 给某人当律师
Eg: Peter acts as lawyer for Lily.
皮特给莉莉当律师。
【即学即用】
1.You need the services of a good _________ (law).
2.The new ________ (法律) has received royal assent.
答案： 1. lawyer 2. law
12.Urgent (形容词) 紧急的、急迫的
【用法讲解】 urgent在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: This is an urgent matter that requires immediate attention.
这是紧急事项，需立即处理。
The situation is urgent and requires swift action.
情况紧急，需迅速采取行动。
【常见搭配】 It is urgent that... ...是紧急的
Urgent request 紧急请求
Urgent about ... 对...感到紧急
Eg: It is urgent that he (should) contact the office immediately.
他必须立即联系办公室，情况紧急。
She made an urgent request for help.
她紧急请求帮助。
She is urgent about finding a solution.
她对找到解决方案感到迫切。
【即学即用】
1.I have an u________ appointment at 2 PM.
答案：urgent
13.Citizen (名词) 市民、公民、城镇居民
【用法讲解】 citizen为可数名词，其复数形式为citizens。
Eg: She became a U.S. citizen last year.
她去年成为美国公民。
【常见搭配】 citizen rights/ citizen’s rights 公民权利
Ordinary citizen 普通公民
Net citizen 网民
Eg: The constitution protects citizen rights.
宪法保护公民权力。
The policy aims to protect the rights of ordinary citizens.
该政策旨在保护普通公民的权力。
Net citizens are increasingly concerned about online privacy.
网民越来越关注网络隐私。
【派生词】 citizenship为名词，译为“公民身份”；
civil为形容词，译为“公民的”。
Eg: She applied for British citizenship last year.
她去年申请了英国身份。
Civil engineers design infrastructure projects.
土木工程师设计基础设施项目。
【即学即用】
1.The ________ (市民) of this city enjoy free healthcare.
答案：citizens
C部分
1.Click (名词) 点击（鼠标）
【用法讲解】 click为动词，还可译为“发出咔哒声”；click还可为名词，译为“咔哒声、点击”
Eg: Click the icon to open the program.
点击图标打开程序。
The old clock clicks loudly every second.
这台老钟每秒都发出响亮的咔哒声。
She heard a click as the door unlocked.
她听到门解锁时发出的咔哒声。
Each click on the ad generates revenue.
广告上的每次点击都会产生收入。
【常见搭配】 click into place 突然明白
Click on ... 点击...
Click through 点击浏览
Click with sb. 与某人合得来、一见如故
Eg: Suddenly, everything clicked into place.
突然，一切都明白了。
Click on the image to enlarge it.
点击图片放大。
Many users clicked through to buy the product.
许多用户点击进入购买产品。
I clicked with my new colleague right away.
我马上就和我的新同事合得来。
【即学即用】
1.点击“开始”按钮打开菜单。
______ ______ the “Start” button to open the menu.
答案：Click on
2.Basic (形容词) 基础的、基本的、根本的
【用法讲解】 basic还可为可数名词，译为“基础、要素”，常以复数形式basics出现。
Eg: We need to learn the basic rules of the game.
我们需要学习这个游戏的基本规则。
These are the basic principles of physics.
这些是物理学的基本原理。
The basics of computer programming are not difficult to understand.
计算机编程的基础知识并不难理解。
【常见搭配】 basic knowledge 基础知识
A basic in + 学科 某学科的基础课
Back to basics 回归基础
Eg: Students need basic knowledge of math to solve these problems.
学生需要数学基础知识来解决这些问题。
She took a basic in computer science last semester.
她上学期修了计算机科学基础课。
The company is focusing on back to basics after the crisis.
危机后，公司回归基础业务。
【派生词】 basically为副词，译为“基本上、从根本上说”。
Eg: Basically, the project is on track.
基本上，项目按计划惊醒。
【即学即用】
1.Clean water is one of the b_______ human needs.
2.________ (basic), I agree with your plan.
答案：1. basic 2. Basically
3.Personal (形容词) 个人的、私人的
【用法讲解】 personal在句中常作定语。
Eg: In my personal opinion, this movie is worth watching.
在我个人看来，这部电影值得一看。
【常见搭配】 personal belongings 个人物品
Personal opinion 个人观点
Personal information 个人信息
Eg: Please take care of your personal belongings when you are in public places.
在公共场所时，请保管好你的个人物品。
This is just my personal opinion, and you can have your own view.
这只是我的个人观点，你可以有自己的看法。
We need to protect our personal information from being leaked.
我们需要保护我们的个人信息不被泄露。
【派生词】 person为可数名词，其复数形式为persons。
Eg: Two persons are waiting for you outside.
有两个人在外面等你。
【常见搭配】 in person 亲自、当面
Eg: The manager will attend the meeting in person.
经理将亲自参加会议。
【即学即用】
1.I use my __________ (person) computer for online shopping and watching videos.
答案：personal
4.Private (形容词) 个人的、秘密的
【用法讲解】 private在句中常作定语；private还可为名词，译为“ 士兵”。
Eg: This is a private matter.
这是私人事务。
The soldier was a private in the army.
这名士兵是军队里的一名二等兵。
【常见搭配】 private property 私有财产
Private life 私人生活
In private 私下地、秘密地
Eg: The government respects and protects private property.
政府尊重和保护私有财产。
He tried to keep his private life separate from his work.
他努力让自己的私人生活和工作分开。
They had a discussion in private.
他们私下进行了一次讨论。
【派生词】 privacy为名词，译为“隐私、独处”；
privately为副词，译为“私下地、秘密地”。
Eg: Please respect my privacy.
请尊重我的隐私。
The company is privately owned.
这家公司是私营的。
【即学即用】
1.The law protects citizens’ right to ________ (private).
2.他们私下讨论了这个问题。
They discussed the issue _______ _______.
答案：1. privacy 2. in private
5.Avoid (动词) 避免
Eg: Good leaders avoid unnecessary conflicts in teams.
优秀领导者避免团队中不必要的冲突。
She avoids spicy food because of her stomach.
她因胃病避开辛辣食物。
【常见搭配】 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
Eg: To stay healthy, avoid smoking and drinking.
为了保持健康，要避免吸烟和饮酒。
【派生词】 avoidance为名词，译为“避免、躲避”；
avoidable为形容词，译为“可避免的”。
Eg: His avoidance of the topic made everyone curious.
他回避这个话题让每个人都很好奇。
This accident was avoidable if he had been more careful.
如果他更小心，这个事故是可以避免的。
【即学即用】
1.We should avoid _______ (waste) water.
答案：wasting
6.Address (名词) 地址
【用法讲解】 address为可数名词，其复数形式为addresses；address还可为动词，译为“位置标识”。
Eg: Please provide your delivery address for the package.
请提供包裹的收货地址。
Remember to address the envelope with the correct postcode.
记得在信封上填写正确的邮政编码。
【常见搭配】 take down the address 记录地址
Address the issue 解决问题
Eg: Can you take down my address for the delivery
你能记下我的地址以便送货吗？
We need to address the issue of low productivity.
我们需要解决生产力底下的问题。
【即学即用】
1.Please write your ________ ________ (家庭住址) clearly on the form.
答案：home address
7.Passport (名词) 护照
【用法讲解】 Passport为可数名词，其复数形式为passports，也可译为“途径、手段”。
Eg: You need a valid passport to travel abroad.
出国旅行需要有效护照。
Education is a passport to success.
教育是通向成功的途径。
【常见搭配】 passport number 护照号码
A passport to ... ...的途径
Eg: Fill in your passport number on the form.
在表格上填写护照号码。
Winning the competition was her passport to fame.
赢得比赛是她成名的途径。
【即学即用】
1.All passengers must show their ___________ (护照).
答案：passports
8.Limit (动词) 限制、限定
【用法讲解】 limit还可为可数名词，译为“限度、限制、界限”，其复数形式为limits。
Eg: Parents should limit the time their children spend on electronic devices.
父母应该限制孩子使用电子设备的时间。
There is a time limit for completing this task.
完成这项任务有时间限制。
【常见搭配】 speed limit 限速
Time limit 时间限制
Set a limit 设定限制
Limit sth. to sth. 将...限制在...
Limit doing sth. 限制做某事
Eg: You must obey the speed limit on the road.
你必须遵守路上的限速规定。
There is a strict time limit for this exam.
这次考试有严格的时间限制。
The teacher set a limit on the length of the essay.
老师对论文的长度设定了限制。
We must limit expenses to stay within budget.
我们必须把开销维持在预算之内。
The library limits borrowing to 5 books per person.
图书馆限制每人借五本书。
【派生词】 limited为形容词，译为“有限的”；
limitless为形容词，译为“无线的”；
limitation为名词，译为“限制、局限性”。
Eg: We have limited resources.
我们的资源有限。
The universe seems limitless to scientists.
科学家认为宇宙是有限的。
Every method has its limitations.
每种方法都有其局限性。
【即学即用】
1.We must l________ our impact on the environment.
答案：limit
9.Careless (形容词) 不小心的、粗心的、疏忽的
【用法讲解】 careless在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: His careless mistake cost him the job.
他粗心的错误使他丢掉了这份工作。
Don’t be so careless next time.
下次别这么粗心了。
【常见搭配】 be careless about... 对...粗心
Be careless of ... 不关心、不顾及
Eg: He is careless about his health.
他对自己的健康很粗心。
She is careless of other people’s feelings.
她不顾及别人的感受。
【派生词】 careful为形容词，译为“仔细的、认真的、小心的”；
carefully为副词，译为“认真地、仔细地”。
Eg: She is careful when crossing the street.
她过马路时很小心。
She listened carefully to the instructions.
她仔细听了指示。
【即学即用】
1.The accident was caused by ________ (care) driving.
答案：careless
10.Aware (形容词) 注意到的、察觉到的
【用法讲解】 aware在句中作表语或后置定语。
Eg: Teachers should help students become more culturally aware.
老师应该帮助学生提高文化意识。
The people aware of the issue gathered to discuss it.
意识到这个问题的人聚集起来讨论。
【常见搭配】 be aware of sth. 意识到某事
Be aware that 从句 知道...
Make sb. Aware of sth. 使某人意识到某事
Eg: Are you aware of the new policy
你知道新政策吗？
She is aware that her actions have consequences.
她知道自己的行为会有后果。
The campaign aims to make people aware of climate change.
这场运动旨在让人们意识到气候变化。
【派生词】 awareness为名词，译为“意识”；
unaware为形容词，译为“未察觉的、不知道的”。
Eg: The company aims to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
这家公司旨在提高公众的环保意识。
He was unaware of the danger.
他没有意识到危险。
【即学即用】
1.我们应该了解这些规则。
We should ______ ________ ______ the rules.
2.There is a growing ___________ (aware) of the importance of health.
答案：1. be aware of 2. awareness
11.Cheat (动词) 欺骗、欺诈
【用法讲解】 cheat还可为可数名词，译为“欺骗行为、骗子”，其复数形式为cheats；但在表示抽象行为时为不可数名词。
Eg: He cheated on the test.
他考试作弊了。
There are many cheats in this business, so be careful.
这个行业里有很多骗局，所以要小心。
Cheating in the game is not allowed.
比赛中不允许作弊。
He is a real cheat.
他真是个骗子。
【常见搭配】 cheat death/ fate 侥幸逃脱
Cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
Be caught cheating 被抓到作弊
Eg: The pilot cheated death in the crash.
飞行员在空难中侥幸生还。
The man cheated her out of her savings.
那个人骗走了她的积蓄。
He was caught cheating in the exam.
他在考试中被抓到作弊。
【即学即用】
1.The salesman tried to __________ (欺骗) me into buying a fake product.
答案：cheat
12.Trust (动词) 信任、信赖、相信
【用法讲解】 trust为不可数名词。
Eg: Mutual trust is the foundation of a good relationship.
相互信任是良好关系的基础。
I trust her completely. 我完全信任她。
【常见搭配】 have trust in sb. 信任某人
Lose trust in sb. 对某人失去信任
Trust sb. to do sth. 相信某人会做某事
Trust in sb./ sth. 信任某人/某物
Trust that 从句 相信...
Eg: I have complete trust in my best friend.
我完全信任我最好的朋友。
He lost trust in his colleague after the incident.
这件事之后，他对同事失去了信任。
I trust you to finish the job on time.
我相信你会按时完成这项工作。
We should trust in our own abilities.
我们应该相信自己的能力。
I trust that everything will go well.
我相信一切都会顺利。
【派生词】 trusty为形容词，译为“可靠的、可信赖的”；
trustworthy为形容词，译为“值得信任的”。
Eg: This old tool is very trusty; I’ve used it for years.
这个旧工具非常可靠，我已经用了好多年了。
He is a trustworthy person, and you can share your secrets with him.
他是个值得信赖的人，你可以和他分享你的秘密。
【即学即用】
1.She _________ (信任) he assistant completely.
答案：trusts
13.Enemy (名词) 敌人
【用法讲解】 enemy为可数名词，其复数形式为enemies；enemy还可作集合名词，表示“敌军、敌对势力”，此时谓语动词用单数。。
Eg: He regarded his former friend as an enemy after the quarrel.
争吵之后，他把前朋友当成了敌人。
The two countries have been enemies for centuries.
这两个国家几个世纪以来一直是敌国。
The enemy launched a surprise attack at dawn.
敌人在黎明时分发动了突袭。
【常见搭配】 make an enemy of sb. 与某人结仇、树敌
In the face of the enemy 在敌人面前
Eg: Be careful not to make an enemy of your colleague.
小心别和你的同事结仇。
He showed great courage in the face of the enemy.
他在敌人面前表现出了极大的勇气。
【即学即用】
1.Laziness can be your worst e________ when it comes to achieving goals.
答案：enemy
14.Behave (动词) 表现
Eg: The children behaved well during the ceremony.
孩子们在仪式上表现良好。
【常见搭配】 behave oneself 守规矩
Behave out of character 反常表现
Behave like a ... 表现的像...一样
Eg: Please behave yourself at the dinner table.
请在餐桌上注意举止。
His sudden anger made him behave out of character.
他突然发怒，表现反常。
Don’t behave like a child. Be more mature.
别表现得像个孩子，要更成熟些。
【派生词】 behavior/behaviour为名词，译为“行为、举止”；
behavioral为形容词，译为“行为的、行为学的”。
Eg: His behaviour at the party was very rude.
他在聚会上的行为非常无礼。
The researcher is interested in behavioral patterns of animals.
这位研究人员对动物的行为模式感兴趣。
【即学即用】
1.Most of the students _________ （behavior) well in class, but a few are still noisy.
答案：behave
15.Cyberbullying (名词) 网络霸凌（欺凌）
【用法讲解】 cyberbullying为不可数名词。
Eg: There is an increasing amount of cyberbullying on the Internet.
互联网上的网络欺凌现象越来越多。
【常见搭配】 suffer from cyberbullying 遭受网络欺凌
Eg: Many teenagers suffer from cyberbullying nowadays.
如今许多青少年遭受网络欺凌。
【即学即用】
1.She experienced ____________ (网络欺凌) on social media platforms.
答案：cyberbullying