Unit 4 History and Traditions 教学设计
Reading and Thinking
课时教学设计
教师 课型 阅读课
教学目标 In this class, students will be able to: 1.Language Knowledge(语言知识) Master core vocabulary related to the UK’s history and traditions, such as "origins", "influence", "currency", "military", "legal", "location", "conquer", "fascinating" and phrases like "be made up of", "break away from", "be surrounded by". Understand and use grammatical structures including passive voice(e.g., "The UK is made up of four countries"), relative clauses(e.g., "The Romans, whose achievements included building towns and roads, came first")and infinitive structures(e.g., "You will be surprised to find that..."). Grasp time expressions(e.g., " 1st century", "5th century", " 16th century", "20th century")to sort out the chronological development of the UK’s formation and foreign influences. 2.Language Skills(语言技能) Reading: Skillfully apply reading strategies such as skimming(to grasp the main idea of each paragraph and the overall structure of the text), scanning(to locate key information like time nodes, events and comparisons between the four countries of the UK)and mapping (to organize the UK’s historical development and foreign influences into timelines or tables). Speaking: Conduct group discussions on topics like "whether it is necessary to study a country’s history and culture before visiting it", using the vocabulary, time expressions and logical structures learned from the text to express personal views clearly and coherently. Writing: Complete a summary of the text by filling in the blanks with appropriate words or forms of words, and write a short passage introducing the history or a cultural aspect of a country(e.g., China)by referring to the text’s structure and expression methods. 3.Learning Strategies(学习策略) Learn to analyze the structure of an expository text(introduction of a puzzle - explanation of origins - comparison of components - analysis of influences - conclusion and suggestion) and use this structure to assist in understanding and memorizing the text content. Cultivate the ability to extract and organize key information from the text, such as sorting out the UK’s formation process and foreign influences into timelines or tables, to improve the efficiency of information processing. Develop cooperative learning skills by participating in group discussions and collaborative completion of tasks(e.g., filling in timelines), and learn to listen to and supplement others’ views. 4.Cultural Awareness(文化意识) Understand the historical process of the UK’s formation(including the joining and separation of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland)and the influence of different foreign groups(Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Normans)on British culture, such as language, architecture and legal systems. Recognize the diversity and uniqueness of British culture, and establish a cross-cultural
perspective of "respecting cultural differences and understanding cultural origins". At the same time, connect with Chinese history and traditions, and enhance the sense of identity with Chinese culture.
文本分析 体裁与主题 体裁:说明文。文本以 “英国的历史与传统 ” 为核心,围绕英国名称的困惑、形成起源、组成国家的异同、外来影响及旅游建议展开,通过清晰的逻辑结构和丰富的事实细节,系统介绍英国的历史发展脉络与文化特征,符合说明文 “客观、准确、条理清晰 ” 的典型特征。 主题:文本以 “解开英国名称之谜 ” 为切入点,按照 “名称困惑 — 形成起源 — 四国异同 — 外来影响 — 旅游启示 ” 的逻辑,梳理英国从古代到现代的历史演变过程,阐述不同历史阶段外来文化对英国的影响,展现英国历史与现代文化交融的特点,同时引导读者思考了解一个国家历史文化对旅游的意义。 结构与脉络 第一部分(第 1 段):名称困惑(The puzzle of names)。提出核心问题 —— 为何英国有多个名称(Britain, the UK, Great Britain, England),并指出解开此困惑的方法是了解英国历史,为下文介绍英国历史埋下伏笔。 第二部分(第 2 段):英国起源(Origins of UK)。按时间顺序(16 世纪 —18 世纪 —19 世纪 —20 世纪)介绍英国的形成过程:威尔士、苏格兰、爱尔兰先后与英格兰联合,后爱尔兰南部脱离,最终形成如今的 “大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 ”,清晰呈现英国的历史演变脉络。 第三部分(第 3 段):英国四国的异同(The four countries of UK)。采用对比手法,先介绍四国在国旗(Union Jack)、货币(英镑)、国防等方面的共性,再阐述它们在教育体系、法律体系、传统习俗甚至足球队等方面的差异,让读者全面了解英国的组成特点。 第四部分(第 4 段):外来影响(Foreign influence upon UK)。以时间为线索(1 世纪 —5 世纪 —8 世纪 —11 世纪),分别介绍罗马人、盎格鲁 - 撒克逊人、维京人、诺曼人对英国的影响,如罗马人修建城镇与道路、盎格鲁 - 撒克逊人奠定英语基础、诺曼人带来城堡与法律体系等,展现英国文化的多元性来源。 第五部分(第 5 段):旅游起点建议(The city to start a UK tour)。指出了解英国历史能让旅游更愉快,推荐伦敦作为英国旅游的起点,因其是兼具历史遗迹与现代文化的古老港口城市,总结英国 “历史与现代文化交融 ” 的特点,升华文本主题。 语言特点 逻辑清晰,结构严谨:全文采用 “总 — 分 — 总 ” 的逻辑框架,各段落围绕明确的主题展开,且段落间通过问题衔接(如第 1 段的困惑引出第 2 段的历史介绍)、时间线索串联(如第 2、4 段的时间顺序),使文本脉络清晰,便于读者理解。 多使用时间与对比表达:大量时间标记(具体世纪、朝代)贯穿文本,帮助读者梳理历史事件的先后顺序;同时运用对比词汇(similarities, differences, while, however)突出英国四国的特点及不同外来文化的影响,增强文本的逻辑性与说服力。 词汇与句式正式客观:作为说明文,文本使用正式词汇(如 origins, influence, conquer, fascinating)和客观句式(如被动语态、定语从句),
避免主观情感表达,确保信息传递的准确性与专业性,符合说明文的文体要求。
学情分析 优势 具备基础地理认知:学生在初中地理课程中已对英国的地理位置、组成国家(英格兰、苏格兰等)有初步了解,能快速关联文本中的地理概念,降低对 “英国四国组成 ” 等内容的理解难度。 熟悉历史类文本阅读:学生此前接触过类似的历史或文化类英语文本(如介绍中国历史、其他国家文化的文章),掌握了基本的时间梳理、信息提取技巧(如找时间节点、划关键事件),为阅读本文奠定了阅读策略基础。 对跨文化话题感兴趣:处于中学阶段的学生对不同国家的历史、文化充满好奇心,文本中 “英国名称之谜 ”“外来文化影响 ” 等内容能激发其探索欲,提升学习主动性。 难点 历史概念与术语理解障碍:文本中涉及较多英国特有的历史概念(如 Union Jack, the Kingdom of Great Britain)和专业术语(如 legal system, military defence),学生可能因缺乏相关背景知识而难以准确理解,影响对文本细节的把握。 时间线索与事件关联困难:第 2、4 段包含多个时间节点与对应历史事件(如不同世纪外来族群的入侵与影响、英国四国的联合与分离),学生易混淆时间顺序,或难以将事件与影响建立有效关联,导致对英国历史发展脉络的理解碎片化。 跨文化对比与迁移能力不足:虽然学生能理解文本中英国的历史与文化,但难以将其与中国历史文化进行深度对比(如中英两国历史形成过程的差异、外来文化影响的不同特点),也难以将文本中的阅读策略(如时间线梳理)迁移到对其他国家历史文化的学习中。
教学重难点 Key Points To understand the chronological structure of the text and sort out the historical process of the UK’s formation ( the joining and separation of the four countries )and the influences of different foreign groups. To master the core vocabulary, phrases and grammatical structures related to the UK’s history and traditions, and use them to describe historical events and cultural characteristics. To identify the similarities and differences between the four countries of the UK, and understand the diversity of British culture. Difficult Points To accurately associate the time nodes, historical events and their influences in the text(e.g., linking the Normans ’ conquest in the 11th century to the introduction of castles and the legal system), and form a systematic understanding of the UK’s history. To conduct cross-cultural comparisons between British history and culture and Chinese history and culture, and apply the reading strategies(e.g., timeline sorting)learned from the text to the study of other cultural topics.
教学方法 Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT):Design hierarchical tasks such as "solving the name puzzle", "filling in the UK’s formation timeline", "comparing the four countries of the UK" and "discussing travel and culture", to drive students to actively participate in the learning
process and achieve teaching goals through task completion. Chronological Teaching Method:Use timelines to visualize the UK’s formation process and the sequence of foreign influences, helping students sort out scattered historical events and establish a clear temporal logic of the parative Teaching Method :Guide students to compare the similarities and differences between the four countries of the UK, and between British culture and Chinese culture, to enhance their ability to analyze and distinguish cultural characteristics. Cooperative Learning Method : Organize students to carry out group activities such as "collaboratively completing the foreign influence table" and "discussing the necessity of learning history before traveling", to promote communication and cooperation among students and improve their language expression and collaborative thinking abilities. Question-guided Method:Design heuristic questions(e.g., "Why does the UK have so many names ", "How did the Normans influence British culture ")to guide students to think from shallow to deep, from understanding the surface content of the text to exploring the deep connotation of historical and cultural connections.
教学资源 多媒体课件(PPT):包含英国地图、国旗(Union Jack)图片、英国形成时间轴、外来族群影响表格、伦敦历史遗迹与现代建筑对比图,以及文本中的关键词汇、句子和讨论话题。 文本材料:《History and Traditions》原文,以及配套的工作表(如英国形成时间轴填空表、外来影响对比表、四国异同梳理表)。 补充材料:英国历史相关短视频(如简述英国四国形成过程)、中英历史文化对比图片(如中国朝代与英国历史阶段对应图),拓展学生的历史文化视野。 白板或电子白板:用于展示时间轴、表格、学生讨论成果,实时标注文本中的关键信息,与学生进行互动教学。
教学环节 教学活动 设计意图 活动 层次 效果评价
Step 1 Lead in 1. Show students a map of the UK with labels of its four countries ( England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland )and ask: "What do you call this country Do you know other names for it " 2. Write students ’ answers ( Britain, the UK, etc. ) on the whiteboard, then present the question in the text: "Why are there so many names referring to the same country " to arouse students ’ curiosity. 1. 借助英国地图直观呈现其组成,激活学生已有的地理知识, 自然引入 “英国名称 ” 这一核心话题。 2. 通过提问制造认知冲突,引发学生对“英国多名称 ” 的困惑 ,激发其探索欲 ,为后续阅读文本、了解英国历史埋下伏笔。 感知与理解 1. 观察学生能否 说 出 英 国 的常见名称,评估其 对 英 国的 前置认知程度。2.关 注 学 生 对“ 多 名 称 困 惑 ”的反应,判断其是 否 产 生 学习兴 趣 与阅 读 期待。
教学环节 教学活动 设计意图 活动 层次 效果评价
Step2 Pre-reading 1. Ask students to predict the content of the text based on the title "History and Traditions" and the lead-in question: "What aspects of the UK’s history and traditions do you think the text will introduce " Ask students to share their predictions in pairs. 2. Introduce the genre of the text ( expository writing ) and its common structure ( introduction - body - conclusion ) , and prompt students to pay attention to the logical connection between paragraphs while reading. 1. 训练学生根据标题和问题预测文本内容的能力,帮助其建立阅读目标,提升阅读的针对性与主动性。 2. 提前介绍说明文的体裁特点与结构,让学生带着 “寻找文本逻辑 ” 的意识阅读,为后续梳理文本脉络、提取关键信息奠定基础。 应用与分析 1. 检查学 生的预测内 容,是否能 围绕 “历 史 ”“传统 ”合理推断文 本可能涉及的话题(如英国起源、文化特点),评估其预测能力。 2. 观察学生是否理解说明文的结构特点,是否明确阅读时需关注的逻辑线索。
Step3 While-reading Activity1: 1. Ask students to read the text quickly(within 4 minutes)and match each paragraph with its main idea(provided in the PPT: The puzzle of names, Origins of UK, The four countries of UK, Foreign influence upon UK, The city to start a UK tour). 2. Invite several students to share their answers, and the teacher guides the class to confirm the correct matching results, helping students grasp the overall structure of the text. Activity2: 1. Divide students into two groups. Group 1 focuses on Para. 2(Origins of UK)to find time nodes and corresponding events of the UK’s formation, and fill in the "UK Formation Timeline" worksheet 第一、 略读: 帮助学生快速把握各段落主旨与文本整体结构,避免阅读时陷入细节 ,培养“ 整体感知文本 ”的阅读能力。 第二、 寻读与表格/ 时间轴填写: 1. 通过分组任务,让学生有针对性地提取文本中的关键信息(时间、事件、影响),训练其快速定位信息的能力,同时降低信息提取的难度(分段落、分主题完成)。 2. 小组讨论与展示环节,既能促进学生之间的交流与合作,又能让教师及时了 理 解 → 分 析 →综合 第一 、 略读: 检查学生段 落主旨匹配 的正确率, 评估其把握 文本整体结 构的能力, 关注是否有 学生能发现 段落间的逻辑 衔 接 关系。 第二、 寻读与 表 格 / 时 间 轴 填写: 查看学生工 作表的准确性 与 完 整性 ,评估其 提取时间、
Step3 While-reading (e.g., " 16th century: Wales was joined to England"). Group 2 focuses on Para. 4(Foreign influence upon UK)to find the time, foreign groups and their influences, and fill in the "Foreign Influence Table" worksheet(e.g., " 1st century: Romans - built towns and roads"). 2. After 5 minutes of individual work, students in each group discuss and check their answers. Then, each group sends a representative to present the completed worksheet on the whiteboard, and the teacher corrects and supplements. Activity3: 1. Ask students to read Para. 3 carefully and complete the "Similarities and Differences of the Four Countries" worksheet independently, which includes two columns: "Similarities"(flag, currency, etc. )and "Differences" (educational system, legal system, etc. ). 2. Organize students to share their answers in pairs, and the teacher summarizes the key points on the whiteboard. Then, ask a follow-up question: "Why do the four countries have both similarities and differences " Guide students to connect with the UK’s historical formation process(Para. 2)to explain, deepening their understanding of the text. 解学生对关键信息的掌握情况,便于及时纠错与补充。 第三、 细读与对比分析: 1. 借助工作表引导学生梳理英国四国的异同,将文本中的分散信息系统化,培养其归纳与对比分析能力。 2. 后续追问将 “ 四国异同 ” 与 “英国历史形成 ” 关联,帮助学生建立文本内部的逻辑联系,避免对信息的碎片化理解,突破 “关联历史事件与文化特点 ” 的教学难点。 事件 、影响 等关键信息 的能力; 观 察小组讨论 的参与度, 判断学生是 否能通过合作 解 决 问题。 第三、 细读与 对 比 分析: 1. 检 查 学生 梳 理 的“ 异同点 ” 是否全面、 准确 ,评估 其归纳与对比能力。 2. 关 注 学 生对追问的 回答 ,是否 能将四国异 同与英国历史 形 成 关联 ,评估其 对文本逻辑的 理 解 深度。
Step 4 Post-reading Activity1: 1. Present the discussion topic: "Is it necessary for visitors to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it Why " Divide students into groups of 4, and ask them to discuss from both "yes" and "no" perspectives, using examples from the text(e.g., studying UK 第一、 小组讨论: 1. 围绕 “旅游前是否需了解他国历史文化 ” 这一贴近生活的话题展开讨论,既能让学生运用文本所学词汇与句式 评价与创造 第一、 小组讨论: 1. 观 察 小组讨论的氛围 ,是否每
history makes travel more enjoyable)or their own experiences. 2. Provide useful sentence patterns: "I think it is necessary because...", "Some people may say it is not necessary because...", "For example, in the text, it is mentioned that...". 3. After 5 minutes of discussion, invite 2-3 groups to share their views, and the teacher guides the class to summarize the advantages of understanding history and culture before traveling. Activity2: 1. Show a summary of the text with blanks on the PPT(e.g., "The United Kingdom or the UK ________(make) up of four countries"), and ask students to fill in the blanks with the correct forms of words(e.g., is made, an, by, whose). 2. Ask students to read the completed summary aloud together, and the teacher emphasizes the key vocabulary and grammatical structures(passive voice, relative clauses). 表达观点,又能引导其思考历史文化与现实生活的联系,实现知识的迁移应用。 2. 提供句式支架,降低学生口语表达的难度,鼓励更多学生参与讨论;从正反两方面讨论,培养学生的辩证思维能力。 第二、 文本总结填空: 1. 通过填空形式回顾文本核心内容,帮助学生巩固所学词汇(如 make up of, conquer, fascinating )与语法结构(被动语态、定语从句),强化对文本关键信息的记忆。 2. 集体朗读总结,营造积极的课堂氛围,同时让学生在朗读中熟悉文本的表达逻辑,提升语言感知能力。 个学生都能 参与发言, 评估其合作学习能力。 2. 关 注 学 生的发言内 容 ,是否能 运用文本例 子或自身经验 支 撑 观点 ,是否能 使用提供的 句式 ,评估 其口语表达 能力与对文 本主题的理解程度。 第二、 文本总结填空: 检查学生填空 的 正 确率 ,重点关 注核心词汇 的拼写与语 法结构的正 确使用(如 被动语态的 构成 、动词的 时 态 变化) ,评估 其对文本语 言知识的掌握情况。
Step5 Assignments Activity1: Guide students to review the key content of the lesson with the help of the text structure map and timeline: ① The UK’s multiple names and the way to solve the puzzle; ② The historical process of the UK’s formation; ③ The similarities and differences of the four countries; ④ The influences of foreign groups; ⑤ The significance of understanding history for travel. 第一、 课堂总结: 借助结构导图与时间轴,帮助学生系统梳理本课所学知识,形成清晰的认知框架,避免知识碎片化,强化对文本整体的理解与记忆。 第二、 作业布置: 1. 任务 1 要求学 综 合 →应用 第一、 课堂总结: 邀请 1-2 名学生复述本课关键内容,检查其是否能完整、有条理地回顾文本核心信息,评 估 其 知识
Activity2: Ask students to choose one of the following two tasks: Task 1: Write a 80-100 word passage introducing the history of one part of China(e.g., the formation of a province, the influence of an ancient dynasty), referring to the timeline method in the text. Task 2: Find one example of foreign influence on Chinese culture(e.g., the influence of Buddhism, foreign architectural styles), and write a short passage (80-100 words)to introduce it. 生将文本中的 “时间轴梳理历史 ” 策略迁移到中国历史介绍中,既巩固了阅读策略,又促进了对中国历史文化的了解,增强文化认同感。 2. 任务 2 引导学生关注外来文化对中国的影响,与文本中 “英国的外来影响 ” 形成对比,培养跨文化思维能力,同时提升写作能力。 掌握程度。 第二、 作业:批改作业时重点关注:①任务 1 中是 否 能 正 确运 用时间轴梳理中国历史,信息是否准 确 ; ② 任务 2 语 言 表 达是否流畅,是否运用了本 课所学的词汇或句式。
Blackboard Design
Teaching reflections This lesson effectively used timelines and comparison tables to help students understand the UK's historical development and foreign influences. The jigsaw activity engaged them, but some struggled to connect events with their cultural impacts. In future lessons, I will provide more sentence frames and concept cards to improve students' ability to express abstract historical relationships and deepen their cross-cultural comparisons.