中考英语完形填空阅读理解微技能讲练第一节：词句微技能（附答案+解析）

中考英语完形填空阅读理解微技能讲练
第一节 词句微技能
阅读文章时，生词和长难句会给同学们的阅读造成障碍，影响同学们的阅读速度和对全文的准确理解。因此，同学们需要掌握猜测词义和剖析长难句的方法，从而破解阅读障碍。
微技能突破
微技能1 利用逻辑关系猜词义
语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开，根据语言的内在逻辑关系可以粗略推断出生词(组)词义。
技能精讲
例1While most people use paints, pencils, or other traditional ways to create art, Michael Papadakis uses a special thing——the sun. So he is truly a unique artist.
“So”表示因果关系，前文提到当大多数人用颜料、铅笔或其他传统的方式来创作艺术时， Michael却用了一种特殊的东西——太阳；由此可以推测出 Michael是一个独特的艺术家，因此画线词应表示“独特的”。
Michael calls himself“ Sunscribes” on social media. The creative process requires a lot of work, as Michael must stand in the sun while holding magnifying glasses and mirrors to focus
“and”表示同义关系，这句话是在说 Michael 必须站在阳光下，拿着某个物品和镜子，把阳光聚焦到木头表面上；画线词组意思与镜子相近，再结合生活常识可推知画线词组应表示“放大镜”。
sunlight onto wooden surfaces and burn pictures into them.Instead of working in a comfortable office, Michael enjoys working outdoors in nature because he can combine(结合) his love for art with his love for nature.
1.文中画线单词“unique”的汉语意思是 ；画线词组“magnifying glasses”的汉语意思是 。
方法指导
利用3种常见的逻辑关系词前后的语句确定画线词含义。
对点微练
I go to a very special school. We learn normal school subjects such as math and science, but we also have some extraordinary activities about protecting the environment.
We grow fruit and vegetables for the school dining hall. This means the food is fresh and there isn't any packaging on the food. The food doesn't need to be transported by plane or bus to get here. So there is less pollution. We just go outside and pick the fruit and vegetables!
文中画线单词“extraordinary”的汉语意思是 。
微技能2 利用定义或释义关系猜词义
定义或者释义通常是指用一句话或几句话来解释某个概念。在许多情况下，作者考虑到学生对某个词不熟悉，就在文章中给出该词的定义或用另一种方式进行解释。
技能精讲
例2 I love staying with my grandparents because they' re amazing cooks and I always have delicious food in their house.They're vegetarians, which means they don't eat any meat or fish.剖析：根据画线词后的信号词“means”可知，后面的内容应是对画线词的解释，后面说他们不吃任何肉或鱼；分析可知，画线词意为“素食主义者”。
However, this does not mean there are few kinds of tastes on their table. Instead, they create many delicious dishes using fresh vegetables! They make salad with cabbages, tomatoes,and onions. It not only tastes really good but also is good for our health.
2. 文中画线单词“vegetarians”的汉语意思是 。
方法指导
常见的4种利用定义或释义关系猜测词义的标志词有：
对点微练
There are many different jobs in the world. Veterinary dentists are dentists who look after the health of animals’ teeth. They usually work with pets, for example, dogs, cats and horses, but sometimes they visit local zoos or wildlife parks to check on the teeth of the animals there.
文中画线单词“Veterinary”的汉语意思是 。
微技能3 利用构词法猜词义
英语中有很多单词的构成形式是有规律的，掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇。英语常见的构词法有合成法、派生法和转化法。
技能精讲
例3 Harry is my uncle. He's a lifeguard at the city beach.
剖析：本题考查合成词
“lifeguard”,由名词 life“生命”+动词 guard“守卫”构成,再根据下文“He makes sure they stay safe.”可知画线单词意为“救生员”。
He really likes it. He sits in a tall chair and watches kids and adults as they swim or play in the water. He makes sure they stay safe. He also pays attention to the weather. When it gets too windy or stormy, he calls to people to get out of the water.
3. 文中画线单词“lifeguard”的汉语意思是 。
例4 Nine-year-old Lin Hao from China was having a math lesson with his classmates when there was an earthquake. The school building fell down. Lin was able to run away, but his friends were still in the building. Lin went back into the unsafe building three times to save them. “It was my job to look
剖析：画线单词是给“safe”加上前缀 un-构成的派生词，safe意为“安全的”，前缀 un-表示否定含义，推测 unsafe 意为“不安全的”。因此画线单词意为“不安全的”。
after my classmates,” he said.
4.文中画线单词“unsafe”的汉语意思是 。
例 5 Every spring, people in our community plant many trees together. In order to ensure their healthy growth, we should water them
剖析：分析句子结构可知“water”在此处作动词。water的基本词义为“n.水”，结合语境可推知，此处指给树木浇水，为常见的词性转化。因此画线单词意为“v. 给······浇水”。
regularly(规律地) so that they can grow into tall trees.
5.文中画线单词“water”的汉语意思是
对点微练
Keeping your locker(储物柜) clean and organized is important. If it's disorganized, you' ll have a mess. You may lose important books and papers that you need for class. On a rainy day,your wet coat won't dry easily because there's no proper space or ventilation(通风). A forgotten sandwich may smell bad. But if you keep the locker clean, things will be easy to find. Your coat will dry before lunchtime. No bad smells. So start cleaning now!
文中画线单词“disorganized”的汉语意思是 ，画线单词“dry”的汉语意思是 ,画线单词“lunchtime”的汉语意思是 。
微技能4 利用生活/文化常识猜词义
技能精讲
例6 There are many interesting dining manners in China. For example, we usually clean our hands with a wet towel before the
剖析：根据
画线词所在句“we usually clean our hands with a wet towel before the meal”并结合生活常识可知，我们在饭前通常用湿毛巾擦手。因此画线单词意为“n.毛巾”。
meal. It's important to let the eldest person at the table start eating first, which is a traditional way to express our respect.
对点微练
As a symbol of traditional art, Chinese paper cutting comes with all kinds of styles. Paper cuttings are often put up on windows. They are widely popular among Chinese people. It's quite easy to learn how to make paper cuttings. With a piece of red paper and a knife or a pair of scissors, we can try making our own paper art. As Chinese, everyone should promote this traditional art form to keep it alive.
6.文中画线单词“towel”的汉语意思是 。
方法指导
描述日常生活或熟悉的事情时，可以利用与日常生活和文化背景有关的常识来准确地猜测句中生词的含义。
但同学们切记不要通过主观臆断来推测做题。如“生病就去医院看医生”，这属于生活常识；“医生很友好、很有耐心”，这属于个人的观点看法。
微技能5 三步剖析长难句
长难句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长难句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装、强调等结构。对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰的内容。
技能精讲
例7 Zhou Longshan was a teacher who was born in a small village near Baiyangdian Lake, a major wetland in northern China.
Step 1排四难，找主干：排除 who引导的定语从句；主语 Zhou Longshan,系动词 was,表语 a teacher。主干为 Zhou Longshan was a teacher;
Step 2借助引导词划意群： who引导定语从句，修饰限定先行词a teacher。who在定语从句中作主语; was born为从句谓语; in a small village near Baiyangdian Lake 为地点状语;a major wetland in northern China为同位语;
Step 3调整语序明句意：周龙山是一名教师，出生在中国北方一个主要的湿地———白洋淀附近的一个小村庄。
对点微练
Try not to play video games before bed, because the light from the screens can make your mind become active.
Step 1排四难，找主干：排除 ；谓语 ，宾语 ，主干为 ；
Step 2借助连词/引导词划意群：本句中 because引导的原因状语从句中主语 ，谓语 ，宾语 ，宾语补足语 ；
Step 3调整语序明句意：
中考英语完形填空阅读理解之词句微技能参考答案
第一节 词句微技能
微技能突破
微技能1
不同寻常的利用逻辑关系猜词义。信号词“but”表转折关系，暗示画线单词所在分句与前文介绍的是不同的情况，前文提到我们学习普通的学校科目，比如数学和科学，画线词应表示我们也有一些关于保护环境的不同寻常的活动，与前文形成转折的逻辑关系。因此画线单词意为“adj.不同寻常的”。
微技能2
兽医的利用定义或释义关系猜词义。根据标志词“are”可知，“dentists who look after thehealth of animals' teeth”是对画线单词的解释说明，由此可知画线单词意为“adj.兽医的”。
微技能3
杂乱无章的利用构词法猜词义。结合构词法可知 disorganized 的构成为 dis+ organized, dis-为表示反义的前缀， organized 意为“有条理的”，因此画线词意为“adj.杂乱无章的”。
变干利用构词法猜词义。分析句子结构可知
dry 在此处作动词， dry 的基本词义为“adj.干燥的”，结合语境可推知此处指潮湿的外套不会很容易变干，因此画线词意为“v.变干”。
午餐时间利用构词法猜词义。画线单词由构词法中的合成法构成， lunchtime 的构成为lunch (午餐)+time (时间)，结合语境可知此处指你的外套将会在午餐时间前变干，因此画线词意为“n.午餐时间”。
微技能4
促进利用生活常识猜词义。根据画线单词后的“to keep it alive”并结合生活常识可知，此处表示每个人都应该发扬这种传统手艺，因此 promote 意为“v.促进”。
微技能5
because 引导的原因状语从句，时间状语 before bed; Try; not to play video games; Try not to playvideo games; the light from the screen; can make; your mind; become active;睡前尽量不要玩电子游戏，因为屏幕上的光线会让你的大脑变得活跃。