2026年中考英语语法定语从句简单讲(含答案及解析)

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名称 2026年中考英语语法定语从句简单讲(含答案及解析)
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中考语法定语从句简单讲&专项练习卷
定语从句核心是 “用句子当形容词,修饰名词 / 代词”,本质就是给名词加 “详细说明”。
一、核心构成(3 个关键部分)
1.先行词:被修饰的名词 / 代词(比如 “书”“人”“地方”,是从句描述的对象)。
2.关系词:连接主句和从句的词(分关系代词、关系副词,还能在从句中当成分)。
3.从句:完整句子结构,负责具体修饰先行词。
二、关系词怎么选(中考高频)
1. 关系代词(在从句中当主语 / 宾语 / 定语)
(1)that:万能款,修饰人 / 物(中考最常用,可省略宾语位置)。
(2)which:只修饰物(不能指人)。
(3)who/whom:只修饰人(who 当主语,whom 当宾语,可省略)。
(4)(whose:表 “…… 的”,修饰人 / 物(后接名词,比如 whose book “谁的书”)。
2. 关系副词(在从句中当状语,表时间 / 地点 / 原因)
(1)when:修饰时间名词(如 day、year),从句缺时间状语。
(2)where:修饰地点名词(如 school、place),从句缺地点状语。
(3)why:只修饰 reason(原因),从句缺原因状语。
三、中考必记 2 个关键规则
1.关系词要紧跟先行词(别隔开,否则句意混乱)。
2.从句用陈述句语序(再疑问句也不能倒装)。
四、简单例句(一看就懂)
1. 修饰人:The girl who is smiling is my classmate.(正在笑的女孩是我同学)
2. 修饰物:This is the book that I bought yesterday.(这是我昨天买的书)
3. 表地点:I like the park where we played last week.(我喜欢上周我们去玩的公园)
中考定语从句专项突破卷
(时间:20 分钟 满分:50 分)
一、单项选择(每题 3 分,共 30 分)
1.We visited the museum ______ has a lot of ancient Chinese paintings.A. who B. which C. what D. where
2.The girl ______ is talking to our teacher is our monitor.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
3.This is the reason ______ he was late for school this morning.A. why B. when C. where D. which
4.I still remember the day ______ we spent together in the countryside.A. when B. that C. where D. what
5.Do you know the boy ______ father is a doctor in the hospital A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
6.This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read.A. which B. that C. what D. who
7.The city ______ we used to live is very beautiful.A. where B. that C. which D. when
8.Everything ______ you said at the meeting is very important.A. which B. that C. who D. what
9.The pen ______ my mother bought for me yesterday works very well.A. whose B. whom C. which D. what
10.Is there anyone ______ can help me with my English homework A. which B. who C. whom D. what
二、句型转换(每题 4 分,共 16 分)
1.The man is my uncle. He is wearing a blue coat.(合并为定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.We visited the factory. My father used to work there.(合并为定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.This is the book. I borrowed it from the library last week.(合并为定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.She told me a story. The story moved me a lot.(合并为定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
三、改错(每题 2 分,共 4 分)
1.The book which I borrowed it from the library is lost.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.This is the girl who her father is a famous writer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、单项选择
1.B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. B
二、句型转换
1.The man who/that is wearing a blue coat is my uncle.
2.We visited the factory where my father used to work.
3.This is the book that/which I borrowed from the library last week.
4.She told me a story that/which moved me a lot.
三、改错
1.去掉 it(which 已在从句中作宾语,无需重复代词)
2.who→whose(表示 “女孩的父亲”,用 whose 表所属关系)
中考定语从句专项卷详细解析
核心解析思路:先找先行词→判断从句缺啥成分→锁定关系词 / 修正错误,贴合中考解题逻辑。
一、单项选择(每题解析 + 考点标注)
1. 答案:B解析:先行词是 the museum(物),从句缺主语(has 的主语是 “博物馆”),用关系代词 which/that。who 指人,what 不能引导定语从句,where 表地点状语,故选 B。考点:关系代词 which 修饰物(作主语)。
2. 答案:C解析:先行词是 the girl(人),从句缺主语(is talking 的主语是 “女孩”),用 who/that。whom 作宾语,which 指物,whose 表所属,故选 C。考点:关系代词 who 修饰人(作主语)。
3. 答案:A解析:先行词是 the reason(原因),从句缺原因状语(“迟到的原因”),固定用 why。when 表时间,where 表地点,which 作主语 / 宾语,故选 A。考点:关系副词 why 的固定用法。
4. 答案:B解析:先行词是 the day(时间名词),但从句缺宾语(spent 后缺 “度过的对象”),需用关系代词 that/which。when 只能作时间状语,故选 B。考点:时间名词作先行词时,根据从句成分选关系词(易错点)。
5. 答案:C解析:从句表达 “男孩的父亲”,表所属关系,用 whose(后接名词 father)。who/whom 指人,which 指物,故选 C。考点:关系代词 whose 表所属(修饰人)。
6. 答案:B解析:先行词被最高级 the most interesting 修饰,只能用 that(不用 which)。what 不能引导定语从句,who 指人,故选 B。考点:先行词被最高级修饰时,关系词用 that(易错点)。
7. 答案:A解析:先行词是 the city(地点名词),从句缺地点状语(“过去居住的地方”),用 where。that/which 作主语 / 宾语,when 表时间,故选 A。考点:关系副词 where 表地点状语。
8. 答案:B解析:先行词是不定代词 Everything,只能用 that(不用 which)。who 指人,what 不能引导定语从句,故选 B。考点:不定代词作先行词时,关系词用 that(易错点)。
9. 答案:C解析:先行词是 the pen(物),从句缺宾语(bought 后缺 “买的对象”),用 which/that。whose 表所属,whom 指人,what 不能引导定语从句,故选 C。考点:关系代词 which 修饰物(作宾语)。
10. 答案:B解析:先行词是 anyone(人),从句缺主语(can help 的主语是 “某人”),用 who/that。which 指物,whom 作宾语,what 不能引导定语从句,故选 B。考点:不定代词 anyone 作先行词时,关系词用 who。
二、句型转换(解析 + 解题步骤)
1. 答案:The man who/that is wearing a blue coat is my uncle.
解析:先行词是 the man(人),从句缺主语(“穿外套的人”),用 who/that 连接;从句用陈述句语序(is wearing 放在主语后)。步骤:确定先行词→选关系词→整合从句到先行词后。
2.答案:We visited the factory where my father used to work.
解析:先行词是 the factory(地点),从句缺地点状语(“工作的地方”),用 where 连接;there 需省略(where 已代替地点状语)。步骤:判断从句缺地点状语→用 where→删除重复的地点副词 there。
3.答案:This is the book that/which I borrowed from the library last week.解析:先行词是 the book(物),从句缺宾语(borrowed 后缺 “借的对象”),用 that/which 连接;it 需省略(关系词已作宾语)。步骤:删除重复代词 it→选关系词 that/which→调整语序。
4.答案:She told me a story that/which moved me a lot.解析:先行词是 a story(物),从句缺主语(“感动我的故事”),用 that/which 连接;合并后从句紧跟先行词。步骤:确定先行词→选关系词(作主语不能省)→整合句子。
三、改错(解析 + 易错原因)
1.答案:去掉 it解析:which 已在从句中作 borrowed 的宾语(“我借的书”),it 重复作宾语,故删除。易错原因:混淆关系词的成分作用,重复添加代词。
2.答案:who→whose解析:从句表达 “女孩的父亲”,表所属关系,需用 whose(后接名词 father);who 只能作主语 / 宾语,不能表所属。易错原因:混淆 who 和 whose 的用法(所属关系用 whose)。