Ⅰ.阅读理解
The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.
My topic is not standards nor its decline. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.
My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.
The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.
Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.
1.The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that .
A.the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generation
B.the students had a poor command of English because they didn’t work hard enough
C.he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years
D.English teachers should be held responsible for the students’ poor command of English
2.In the author’s opinion, the speaker ________.
A.gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students
B.had exaggerated the language problems of the students
C.was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs
D.could think and speak intelligently
3.The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ________.
A.neutral B.positive
C.critical D.compromising
4.In the passage the author argues that .
A.it is unfair to blame the English teachers for the language deficiencies of the students
B.young people would not commit offences against the language if the teachers did their jobs properly
C.to eliminate language deficiencies one must have sensitive eyes and ears
D.to improve the standard of English requires the effort of several generations
Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria（疟疾）. This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.
Tu shared the prize with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary anti-roundworm treatment. 84-year-old Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients’ suffering and promoting mankind’s health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2015 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tu’s dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin（青蒿素）, the key drug that battles malaria?friendly parasites（寄生虫）. However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesn’t have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “three?noes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she’s never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred China’s national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.
The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.
As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu’s record-breaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.
5.It can be concluded from the text that .
A.Tu worked home and abroad to conduct her research
B.Tu got the Nobel Prize for her anti?roundworm treatment
C.the Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her work
D.her discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut malaria death rate
6.The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with .
A.a sense of national pride
B.relevant academic knowledge
C.a desire to achieve success
D.enthusiasm for scientific research
7.In writing the passage, the author intends to .
A.inform readers of the news and make comments
B.discourage the pursuit of instant success in science
C.remind readers of the principles of scientific research
D.praise the award winner and encourage scientific research
Ⅱ.语法填空
A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing 1 （have） a close knock on Oct 22. He was so 2 （absorb） in his smartphone that he didn’t see a train approaching until it brushed past him, 3 （throw） him to the ground. This should serve 4 a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially 5 crossing roads.6 （lucky）, the man survived a brush with death, but the incident forced the driver 7 （stop） the train. An 18-minute delay followed the incident, 8 led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.Smartphone 9 （addict） has spread like an infectious disease. It’s evident that it will do great harm to society. What’s even 10 （bad）, some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy, yet in fact people’s weakening self-control and self-discipline are to blame.
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Editor,
I am a Senior Three student. Recently we had carried out a survey—“To whom do you go when you in trouble?” The results are as follows.
61% of the students being surveyed select friends or schoolmates as their ideal listeners when they have troubles, the reason of it is that they are in the same age group and have a better understanding of each other. Another 22% choose teachers and parents to talk. They suggest that teachers and parents be rich in life and educational experience. Nevertheless, there are also 17% who don’t share their troubles at all. They said that their troubles are none of others’ business, and they find it harder to get along with others.
It is not easy to reach definite conclusions basing on such a survey example. However, some general comments can be made. There seems clear from the response that some students lack communication with others and teachers and parents need to play a more important role in their lives.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
语篇导读：社区大学的一位老师关于教师有责于学生英语差的发言得到了观众的支持，但作者却有不同的看法。
1.D细节理解题。由原文“High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为，英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责。
2.B细节理解题。由第四段的第2、3句可知作者认为发言者夸张了学生的语言问题。
3.C观点态度题。同样由第四段可知作者不同意发言者的评论。neutral中立的；positive肯定的；critical批评的；compromising妥协的。
4.A推理判断题。由文章三、四、五段总结归纳可知，因学生语言上的不足而责备英语老师是不公平的。
B
语篇导读：中国女科学家屠呦呦因发现治疗疟疾的新方法获得了2015年诺贝尔医学奖。这是颁发给在中国大陆工作的科学家的第一个诺贝尔科学奖。
5.D细节理解题。见文章第一段的的第一句：“…Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria.”及第二段的“…Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients’ suffering and promoting mankind’s health.” 即：她获得这个奖是因为她在减少疟疾的死亡率,减少病人的痛苦,促进人类的健康方面做出贡献。B项错误，第二段的“…who were honored for their revolutionary anti?roundworm treatment.”说的是“Irish?born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan”这两个人。
6.D细节理解题。作者在文章第四段发表看法说：“One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research（无论你来自什么样的背景,只要作深入的科学研究，你才能够成为一名科学家）。”“dives into scientific research”意同“enthusiasm for scientific research”。
7.A写作意图题。本题考查学生对文章结构的理解，文章前三段是新闻的典型写法，即告知，包括who, what, when, why等要素，后两段是作者在发表自己的观点和看法，即comments，故选A项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
1.had 2.absorbed 3.throwing 4.as 5.when/while
6.Luckily 7.to stop 8.which 9.addiction 10.worse
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Editor,
I am a Senior Three student. Recently we had carried out a survey—“To whom do you go have
when you /∧in trouble?” The results are as follows.
are
61% of the students being surveyed select friends or schoolmates as their ideal listeners when they have troubles, the reason of it is that they are in the same age group and have a better
which
understanding of each other. Another 22% choose teachers and parents to talk∧. They suggest to/with
that teachers and parents be rich in life and educational experience. Nevertheless, there are also are
17% who don’t share their troubles at all. They said that their troubles are none of others’
say
business, and they find it harder to get along with others.
hard
It is not easy to reach definite conclusions basing on such a survey example. However, some based
general comments can be made. There seems clear from the response that some students lack
It
communication with others and teachers and parents need to play a more important role in their lives.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
课件42张PPT。选修8 Unit 1
A land of diversity 重点单词1._______adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的
2. ______n.手段；方法
3. _______ n.大多数；大半
→_______ n.少数
4. _______ n.（政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责
5. _______ n.苦难；困苦
6. _____vt.选择；决定做某事；选举
→_______ n.选择；挑选；选择
7. _______adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的
8. _____ n.（人口、贸易的）繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
9. _____ adj.人种的；种族的
10. ____n.& adj.代理；副职
distinct
means
majority
minority
ministry
hardship
elect
election
federal
boom
racial
vice学生用书见P186 重点单词11.________n.侄子；外甥
13. _____n.牛（总称）
14. _______vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
→__________ n.迹象
→_________ n.指示器；指示物
15. _______n.行李
16. ______vt.& vi.刮；剃
17. ________adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
→__________adv.显然地；显而易见地
18. ______n.闸；刹车vi.& vt.刹（车）；用制动器减速
19. ____vi.滑行；滑动；滑跤n.滑动；滑倒
20. ____vt.& n.租用；雇用nephew
cattle
indicate
indication
indicator
luggage
shave
apparent
apparently
brake
slip
hire 重点单词21.________adv.无处；到处都无
22. ______n.正义；公平
23. ______vt.& vi.哀悼；悼念
24. _____adj.公民的；国内的；民国的
25. ________n.权威；权力（pl.）当局；官方
26. _______vt.& vi.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良
27. _____vt.& n.抓住；抓紧；掌握
28. _____vt.插入；嵌入nowhere
justice
mourn
civil
authority
reform
grasp
insert........................... 重点短语1._______继续存在；继续生存
2. ____________用……办法； 借助……
3. __________习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
4. ________保持；继续
5. _________申请
6. ___________背靠背
7. _____________与……合作或一起工作
8. _________划线标出……界线
9. _______包括；吸收
10. _______________许多；很多
11. _______申请live on
by means of...
make a life
keep up
apply for
back to back
team up with...
mark out
take in
a great/good many
apply for1.介词in/of 后接what引导的宾语从句
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.（教材P2）
Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. （教材P2）
2.it is likely that...很可能……
However， it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2) 重点句型3.why 引导的表语从句（This is why...）
This is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材P2)
4.It’s believed that...人们认为……
It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(教材P3) 重点句型复习名词性从句用作主语、宾语和表语
What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.(教材P5)
Most applicants know that they have very little chance of getting a visa.(教材P5)语法要点majority n．大多数；大半
Of the first Spanish to go to California， the majority were religious men， whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (教材P2)
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。学生用书见P187 in a/the majority占大多数
have a majority over sb.获得多于某人的……;战胜某人
by/with a majority of以大多数……(赢得……)
minority n.少数
in the minority占少数
(3) major in主修……(1) (2) The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。
Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are in the majority.
委员中赞成这项计划的占大多数。温馨提示:
(1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
The majority were/was against the plan.
大多数人反对这个计划。
(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。
The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students.
昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。
复数名词＋复数谓语动词
不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的损失大部分容易补救。(3)The majority of elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
By the time California elected to become the thirty?first federal state of the USA in 1850， it was already a multicultural society. （教材P2）
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国联邦第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。 elect to do sth.选择/决定做某事
elect sb.to sth 把某人选入……
elect sb.(to be)/as (the)+职务
（职位、官衔做同位语、补语、表语时前不加冠词）
选某人作……
（2）election n. 选举(1) First-year students may elect French, Spanish, or German.
一年级学生可选修法语、西班牙语或德语。
She was elected to Parliament in 1978.
她于1978年入选议会。
Ronald Reagan was first elected President in 1980.
罗纳德·里根于1980年首次当选总统。
Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installments.
购买者可选择逐月分期付款。occur vi.发生；出现
It didn’t occur to me that there’d be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday. （教材P5）
我没想到我度假的同时那里刚好要庆祝一个盛大的节日。sth. occurs to sb.
sth. strikes sb.
sth. comes one’s mind .
that-clause
to do sth.
It strikes sb. that-clause某人
突然
想起
……It occurs to sb. The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to her.
她压根没想过自己可能会错。
I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.
我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。
When Babbage was working at Cambridge， a new idea occurred to him.
在剑桥工作时，巴比奇想到了一个新主意。
It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.
她突然觉得她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner. （教材P7）
试着用上面的表达表明你在认真听同伴的讲述。(1)作“指出；指示”讲时，后面经常接名词。
(2)作“表明；象征”讲时，后面可以接名词或宾语从句，即“indicate + n./(that)...”。
(3)indication n.暗示；表示；预兆 I asked him where the new school was and he indicated the road ahead.
我问他新校在哪里，他指给我前面那条路。
His attitude indicates that he is not very happy with what you are doing.
他的态度暗示他对你的所作所为很不高兴。
He indicated his willingness with a nod of his head.
他点头表示愿意。
There is every indication of a change in the weather.
各种迹象表明天气很可能发生变化。by means of... 用……办法；借助……
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. （教材P2）
科学家们认为，这些定居者是通过史前时期曾经存在过的大陆桥，跨过北极的白令海峡来到美国的。学生用书见P188by this means用这种方法
by means of通过，用，借助于
by any means 无论如何
by on means决不，一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
by all means务必，不惜一切地；(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以，没问题 As is known to us , QQ is a useful means of communication.
众所周知，QQ是一种有用的通讯工具。
Every possible means has been tried , but none worked.
＝All possible means have been tried , but none worked.
各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
She could not speak , but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。
By no means am I satisfied with my present job.
我对目前的工作一点也不满意。
—Can I use your car？
—我能用你的汽车吗？
—By all means.
—当然可以。take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗
It’s a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. （教材P8）
这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。take away拿走，使离开；消除(病痛等)
take down记下来；拆掉
take for(错)当做；(误)以为
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on呈现；雇用
take over接收；接管；取代
take up占去，占据；开始；从事 This is the total cost of the holiday， taking everything in.
这是假期的全部费用，一切都包括在内。
He was homeless， so we took him in.
他无家可归，我们便收留了他。
The students find it easy to take in what you teach.
学生们觉得你教的课容易领会。
My writing career took off when I discovered my own style.
找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。
Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.
开会和接电话占用了一天中的大多数时间。
In the past few years， the village has taken on a new look.
在过去的几年，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。介词in/of后接what引导的宾语从句
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.（教材P2）
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。
Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. （教材P2）
两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。学生用书见P188what在句中引导宾语从句，表示所指的事（某物），意思相当于the thing(s) that/which。what可用来引起主语从句；表语从句；或动词/介词后的宾语从句。 What he says is very reasonable .
他说的话很合理。
That’s what I hope.
这是我所希望的。
As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear.
作为朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的事情。
I don’t care about money or about what people call position/what is called position.
我不关心钱，也不关心人们所谓的地位。
They paid fifty percent of what were able to earn to the state.
他们把他们所能挣的百分之五十付给了国家。it is likely that... 很可能……
However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. (教材P2)
然而，土著美国人有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。...........................It is likely that...意为“……是可能的”，本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。likely可以用possible，probable来替换，只是probable可能性大些。此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能干某事，但在这一句型中不能用possible或probable替换likely。 It is very likely that， in many schools， the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.
在很多学校学生做作业的时间很可能比从前少。
It is likely that the weather will be fine.
＝The weather is likely to be fine.
天气可能会很晴朗。why 引导的表语从句（This is why...）
That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. (教材P2)
这就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。(1)This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是为什么……”，用来表示原因。
(2)That’s because...意为“这是因为……”，because从句表示原因。
(3)The reason why...is/was that...意为“……的原因是……”，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because。即：当主句中有reason或why时只可用that…。 This is why it is possible to produce more food on the same amount of land.
这就是为什么能够在同样多的土地上生产出更多食物的缘故。
Tom came late for the meeting. That was because he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。
Tom was ill. That was why he came late for the meeting.
汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。Ⅰ.品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词）
1.Despite my friend’s warning against (take) in, despite everything I’ve learned, I find that I’m not only willing, but positively eager to buy that bridge she mentioned.
【答案】1.being taken
2.He was a tall, thin man who lived alone and (apparent) had no family and no visitors, except for the Meals-on-Wheels guy twice a week.
【答案】 2 .apparently
3.The 64-year-old unpopular leader has said he will hand over power to a younger generation, but he repeatedly resisted _________(indicate) when that will occur.
【答案】3.indicating
学生用书见P1894.In this human world, things all go by certain rules. Only by (grasp) these rules can we make reforms and create something new.
【答案】 4.grasping
5.On December 16th Turkish aircraft bombed they said were Kurdish rebel positions deep northern Iraq.
【答案】 5.what
6.Sometimes companies will ask you for a telephone interview before a face-to-face one. This is used to narrow down the number of (apply).
【答案】 6.applicants
7.The study also reveals , despite the fact that more and more modern mothers go out to work, the burden of childcare still falls on them—even if their husband is not in work.
【答案】7.that
8.It is dangerous to drive with this condition, even though braking can be achieved, because only half the wheels _________(brake).
【答案】 8.are being braked
9.If you want to keep off the weight you lost, you must keep ____ the new healthier eating and exercise habits.
【答案】 9.up
10.John and his wife clashed on the question of ______ they should have another child.
【答案】 10.whetherⅡ.单句改错
1. One day it occurred to her that she couldn?t avoid the problem, she might just as well try looking at it from a different angle.
【答案】that 后加if
2.You should apply to the job immediately, in person or by letter.
【答案】to→for
3. When he was at a loss, he was lucky to hear a nice voice from a loud speaker announcing that his lost luggage were found.
【答案】 were→was 4.I have been out of touch with the old place for a great many year.
【答案】year→years
5. Meanwhile, only about 9 percentage of all students feel optimistic about their jobs or career prospects.
【答案】 percentage →percent
6. I realized I had to be team up with people who shared my goals and were willing to make them a reality.
【答案】去掉be
7.I’d like to work with whomever is honest and easy to get on with.
【答案】whomever→whoever
8. Beauty to her, as to all who have felt, lay not in the thing, but in which the things symbolized.
【答案】which→what
9. Nowhere does his contribution be more obvious and his influence more strongly felt than in the world of dance.
【答案】 does→will/can
10.A modern city has been set up in where was a wasteland ten years ago.
【答案】where→whatⅢ.课文语法填空
California is the 1. （three） largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has 2. （attraction） people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in 3. we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans 4. in California than in any other state. California was 5. by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish 6. （influential） in the state. People began 7 . （settle） in California when gold was discovered there.Attracted by the climate and lifestyle, more and more people from different parts of the world have immigrated 8. California, including Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans. thirdattractedwhatlivingruledinfluencesettling/to settle toIt is believed that before long the mix of nationalities
will be9. great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups, but simply a 10. （mix） of many cultures.
mixtureto
