定语从句介词加关系代词练习题课件(共47张PPT)-2026届高三英语一轮复习
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| 名称 | 定语从句介词加关系代词练习题课件(共47张PPT)-2026届高三英语一轮复习 |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-11 16:41:30 | ||
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文档简介
(共47张PPT)
Attributive clause
“Preposition + Relative pronoun”
( “介词+关系代词”)
Grammar
考点一：介词后关系代词的选用
①The person you spoke to is our manager.
②The person to you spoke is our manager.
③The city she lives in is far away.
④The city in she lives is far away.
总结：介词+关系代词中，关系代词有两种 ：
(先行词指 ) (先行词指物)
(that/whom/who)
whom
(that/which)
which
whom
人
which
考点二： 关系代词前介词的选用
①I’ll remember the day on which I visited Beijing.
②The moment at which I made the decision is exciting.
③This is the classroom in which we studied last year.
④I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
1.根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。
①Do you like the book on which she spent $10
②Do you like the book for which she paid $10
③Do you like the book from which she learned a lot
④Do you like the book about which she often talks
⑤Mathematics is the subject in which I am most interested.
2.根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。
1.My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
2.This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
3.This is the pilot for/with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
4.The film during which I fell asleep was very boring.
3.借助主从句表达的意义
一先(先行词) 二动(动词/形容词) 三意义(句意)
总结：介词的选择三部曲：
考点三：部分介词+关系代词=关系副词
1. The day she arrived was Thursday. =
2.He pointed to the factory he used to worked. =where
3.Can you tell me the reason for which you are so late =why
on which
when
in which
考点四：of +关系代词”的其它常见结构
1.所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of
①You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms，of which paper-cutting is one of the most popular.
2.不定代词 + of + which/whom ( all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, each等)
The old man has two sons, both of are lawyers.
The old man has two sons, and both of them (they)are lawyers.
whom
3.数词 + of + which/whom(基数词，序数词，分数，百分数，及表示数量词， 如：many，most，few，several，enough，half，a quarter等)
In our class there are 50 students, half of whom wear glasses.
4. the 最高级/比较级 + of + which/whom
There are two rooms, the smaller of which is my study room.
5. the + 名词 + of + which/whom,或 “of which/whom + the + 名词”
其中“of which/whom”为定语，相当于whose
Look at the building, the roof of which is white.
=
Look at the building, whose roof is white.
定语从句练习题
1.【河南省名校高三下学期模拟考试】 Each dancer carries a bamboo stick, 4 is struck against the ground to the music.
2. 4 is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
考查定语从句。句意：每个舞者都带着一根竹竿，随着音乐敲击地面。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stick，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
我祖父喜欢谈论美好的旧时光,老人常如此。as引导的非限制性定语从句指代的是整个主句的内容，as可以表示“正如；正像”；根据语境可知，祖父谈论美好的旧时光，“正如”老人们常做的一样；as is often the case情况经常如此，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
3.Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. It was created by Mick Pearce who was inspired while watching a nature documentary 25 termites (白蚁) were constructing their nests.
它是由米克·皮尔斯创建的，他在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发。空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词a nature documentary，且在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故填where。
4.According to a study published in the UK recently, those like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life.
根据英国最近发表的一项研究，那些喜欢慢跑并每周定期进行至少一个小时的锻炼的人很有可能活得更长。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为those，those指人时，通常用关系代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填who。
5.In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of 35 were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.”
句意：除了沉船外，还出土了各种各样的文物，包括陶器、瓷器和铁器，其中大部分是在江西省景德镇的窑里制作的，被称为中国的“瓷器之都”。分析句子，设空处与前文的of构成介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是artifacts，为物用which。故填which。
6.It not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city in a meaningful way but also provides them with a new social scene 9 individuals with similar interests can connect and form friendship.
它不仅为年轻人提供了一种以有意义的方式与城市互动的方式，还为他们提供了一个新的社交场景，在那里，有着相似兴趣的人可以联系起来，形成友谊。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a new social scene，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
7.Qiang embroidery(羌绣)is a peculiar flower in China’s folk handicrafts and reflect the wisdom of the Qiang people. It dates back to the Han Dynasty 11 it was adopted for use on clothing.
羌绣在中国民间手工艺品中是一朵独特的花，它可以追溯到汉朝，当时它被用于服装上。先行词是 the Han Dynasty，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用 when 引导。故填 when。
8.As spring comes, it is sensible to open the windows 49 (air) out stuffy homes, remove dirt, and repair any damages 50 occurred during the winter months.
随着春天的到来，明智的做法是打开窗户，让闷热的房屋通风，清除灰尘，修复冬季发生的任何损坏。此空为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词damages指的是物，且被any修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that
9.Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.
句意：巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一，他的全名其实是一个很长的名字，实际上是许多名字的混合体。，先行词为Pablo Picasso，空处在从句中作定语，指毕加索的全名，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。
10.I think she is my Ms. Right. I know from the first sight of her that she is the one without my life will surely be dull and colorless.
句意：我想她就是我的Ms. Right。第一眼看到她，我就知道，没有她，我的生活一定会变得枯燥无味。“without _____ my life will surely be dull and colorless”是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词the one指人，设空处指代先行词作介词without宾语，因此空格处用关系代词whom。故填whom。
11.Although she already had four cats she adopted another one had been hurt by a bear and nursed it back to health.
尽管她已经有四只猫，但是她还是收养了另外一只被熊伤害的猫，将它照顾到恢复健康。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是another one(指另外一只猫)，指物，关系词在从句中作主语；one是不定代词，只能用that引导该从句。
12.There are many reasons this has been possible: But one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
句意：出现此事的可能的原因有很多，但是其中一个主要的原因就是中国汉字系统。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词为reasons，在后面定语从句中充当状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填 why。
13.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
14.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can learn without repeating them.
在中国艺术节上，有不同的展台，在这里艺术家展示他们的技能，并教给游客。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为stands，为地点，所以应用关系副词where。先行词为stands，在定语从句中应用介词at表示方位，关系代词which作介词at的宾语，所以也可用at which。故填where/at which。
威廉·黑斯蒂曾经说过，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不会重蹈覆辙。此处为“介词+关系词”形式的定语从句，短语learn from，从……中学习，关系词指代先行词past mistakes并在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，故填from which。
1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
高考真题训练
2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
答案：as
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
6.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
答案：whose。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
7.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
8.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, ____was fun.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故which。
9.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
10.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。
11.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
12.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
13.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
14. （2022全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
15.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
16.（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
17.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
定语从句助力应用文写作升格
书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。
1. (2023新高考I卷) 学生们如果与一个相处不够融洽的人分组在一起可能会感到不那么有激情。
__________________________________________________________________
2. (2023全国甲卷) 孔子强调尊重老人这在我们飞速发展的世界中起着指明灯作用。__________________________________________________________________
3. (2022全国甲卷) 设立“世界海洋日”是为了提高保护海洋意识，在全球生态系统中发挥至关重要作用。
__________________________________________________________________
Students may feel less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with.
Confucius stressed respect for elders, which serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced world.
World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in global ecosystem.
4. (2022新高考I卷) 这是一个很不错的栏目，你可以在这里和学生分享自己的想法。
________________________________________________________________
5. (2022全国甲卷) 面临互联网各种各样信息，我们不能分辨真假，这对于我们的学习和生活非常有害。
________________________________________________________________
4. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students.
5. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can't tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life.
6. (2021全国乙卷) 首先，我们最好在家遵循学校时间表，这肯定会有助于我们学习效率。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2021新高考I卷) 该报纸推崇很多栏目，其中中国文化是我最喜欢的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. First of all, we'd better obey our school timetable at home, which will surely contribute to our learning productivity.
7. The newspaper boasts a variety of columns, of which Chinese culture is my favorite.
定语从句助力读后续写升格
1.(2024浙江1月卷)教练的话让她瞪大了眼睛，她简直不敢相信自己居然完成了一英里的跑步，这是她从未想过自己能做到的。
Wide-eyed with the coach’s words, she couldn’t believe that she had actually completed the mile run, something she never thought she could do.
2. (2024浙江1月卷)她每走一步，都给那些追随她的人留下了灵感的遗产，她知道即使没有明确的方向感，也总有办法找到自己的路。
With each step she took, she left behind a legacy of inspiration for those who followed in her footsteps, knowing that even without a clear sense of direction, there's always a way to find one's way.
3. (2023新高考I卷)我一手拿着奖杯，一手拿着奖状，眼睛投向老师，老师竖起大拇指，眼里闪烁着喜悦和骄傲。
With prize cup in one hand and award certificate in the other hand, I threw my eyes at my teacher, who gave me a thumbs up, with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.
4. (2023新高考I卷)那匹曾经心存疑虑，一度想过退出的疲惫的马，继续前行，驶向终点。
The tired horse who once had doubts and once thought about quitting, kept going and made it to the destination.
5. (2023新高考I卷)我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我一生中最珍贵的回忆之一。
I will never forget this experience, which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.
6. (2023新高考I卷)我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
I am grateful to my teacher, whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.
8. (2023浙江1月卷)这是一个真正温暖人心的时刻，永远不会消失。
It was a truly heartwarming moment and one that would never vanish.
Attributive clause
“Preposition + Relative pronoun”
( “介词+关系代词”)
Grammar
考点一：介词后关系代词的选用
①The person you spoke to is our manager.
②The person to you spoke is our manager.
③The city she lives in is far away.
④The city in she lives is far away.
总结：介词+关系代词中，关系代词有两种 ：
(先行词指 ) (先行词指物)
(that/whom/who)
whom
(that/which)
which
whom
人
which
考点二： 关系代词前介词的选用
①I’ll remember the day on which I visited Beijing.
②The moment at which I made the decision is exciting.
③This is the classroom in which we studied last year.
④I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
1.根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。
①Do you like the book on which she spent $10
②Do you like the book for which she paid $10
③Do you like the book from which she learned a lot
④Do you like the book about which she often talks
⑤Mathematics is the subject in which I am most interested.
2.根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。
1.My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
2.This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
3.This is the pilot for/with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
4.The film during which I fell asleep was very boring.
3.借助主从句表达的意义
一先(先行词) 二动(动词/形容词) 三意义(句意)
总结：介词的选择三部曲：
考点三：部分介词+关系代词=关系副词
1. The day she arrived was Thursday. =
2.He pointed to the factory he used to worked. =where
3.Can you tell me the reason for which you are so late =why
on which
when
in which
考点四：of +关系代词”的其它常见结构
1.所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of
①You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms，of which paper-cutting is one of the most popular.
2.不定代词 + of + which/whom ( all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, each等)
The old man has two sons, both of are lawyers.
The old man has two sons, and both of them (they)are lawyers.
whom
3.数词 + of + which/whom(基数词，序数词，分数，百分数，及表示数量词， 如：many，most，few，several，enough，half，a quarter等)
In our class there are 50 students, half of whom wear glasses.
4. the 最高级/比较级 + of + which/whom
There are two rooms, the smaller of which is my study room.
5. the + 名词 + of + which/whom,或 “of which/whom + the + 名词”
其中“of which/whom”为定语，相当于whose
Look at the building, the roof of which is white.
=
Look at the building, whose roof is white.
定语从句练习题
1.【河南省名校高三下学期模拟考试】 Each dancer carries a bamboo stick, 4 is struck against the ground to the music.
2. 4 is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
考查定语从句。句意：每个舞者都带着一根竹竿，随着音乐敲击地面。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stick，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
我祖父喜欢谈论美好的旧时光,老人常如此。as引导的非限制性定语从句指代的是整个主句的内容，as可以表示“正如；正像”；根据语境可知，祖父谈论美好的旧时光，“正如”老人们常做的一样；as is often the case情况经常如此，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
3.Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. It was created by Mick Pearce who was inspired while watching a nature documentary 25 termites (白蚁) were constructing their nests.
它是由米克·皮尔斯创建的，他在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发。空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词a nature documentary，且在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故填where。
4.According to a study published in the UK recently, those like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life.
根据英国最近发表的一项研究，那些喜欢慢跑并每周定期进行至少一个小时的锻炼的人很有可能活得更长。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为those，those指人时，通常用关系代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填who。
5.In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of 35 were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.”
句意：除了沉船外，还出土了各种各样的文物，包括陶器、瓷器和铁器，其中大部分是在江西省景德镇的窑里制作的，被称为中国的“瓷器之都”。分析句子，设空处与前文的of构成介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是artifacts，为物用which。故填which。
6.It not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city in a meaningful way but also provides them with a new social scene 9 individuals with similar interests can connect and form friendship.
它不仅为年轻人提供了一种以有意义的方式与城市互动的方式，还为他们提供了一个新的社交场景，在那里，有着相似兴趣的人可以联系起来，形成友谊。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a new social scene，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
7.Qiang embroidery(羌绣)is a peculiar flower in China’s folk handicrafts and reflect the wisdom of the Qiang people. It dates back to the Han Dynasty 11 it was adopted for use on clothing.
羌绣在中国民间手工艺品中是一朵独特的花，它可以追溯到汉朝，当时它被用于服装上。先行词是 the Han Dynasty，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用 when 引导。故填 when。
8.As spring comes, it is sensible to open the windows 49 (air) out stuffy homes, remove dirt, and repair any damages 50 occurred during the winter months.
随着春天的到来，明智的做法是打开窗户，让闷热的房屋通风，清除灰尘，修复冬季发生的任何损坏。此空为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词damages指的是物，且被any修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that
9.Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.
句意：巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一，他的全名其实是一个很长的名字，实际上是许多名字的混合体。，先行词为Pablo Picasso，空处在从句中作定语，指毕加索的全名，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。
10.I think she is my Ms. Right. I know from the first sight of her that she is the one without my life will surely be dull and colorless.
句意：我想她就是我的Ms. Right。第一眼看到她，我就知道，没有她，我的生活一定会变得枯燥无味。“without _____ my life will surely be dull and colorless”是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词the one指人，设空处指代先行词作介词without宾语，因此空格处用关系代词whom。故填whom。
11.Although she already had four cats she adopted another one had been hurt by a bear and nursed it back to health.
尽管她已经有四只猫，但是她还是收养了另外一只被熊伤害的猫，将它照顾到恢复健康。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是another one(指另外一只猫)，指物，关系词在从句中作主语；one是不定代词，只能用that引导该从句。
12.There are many reasons this has been possible: But one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
句意：出现此事的可能的原因有很多，但是其中一个主要的原因就是中国汉字系统。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词为reasons，在后面定语从句中充当状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填 why。
13.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
14.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can learn without repeating them.
在中国艺术节上，有不同的展台，在这里艺术家展示他们的技能，并教给游客。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为stands，为地点，所以应用关系副词where。先行词为stands，在定语从句中应用介词at表示方位，关系代词which作介词at的宾语，所以也可用at which。故填where/at which。
威廉·黑斯蒂曾经说过，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，而不会重蹈覆辙。此处为“介词+关系词”形式的定语从句，短语learn from，从……中学习，关系词指代先行词past mistakes并在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，故填from which。
1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
高考真题训练
2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
答案：as
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
6.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
答案：whose。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
7.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
8.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, ____was fun.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故which。
9.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
10.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。
11.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
12.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
13.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
14. （2022全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
15.（2021新高考II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
16.（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
17.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
定语从句助力应用文写作升格
书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。
1. (2023新高考I卷) 学生们如果与一个相处不够融洽的人分组在一起可能会感到不那么有激情。
__________________________________________________________________
2. (2023全国甲卷) 孔子强调尊重老人这在我们飞速发展的世界中起着指明灯作用。__________________________________________________________________
3. (2022全国甲卷) 设立“世界海洋日”是为了提高保护海洋意识，在全球生态系统中发挥至关重要作用。
__________________________________________________________________
Students may feel less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with.
Confucius stressed respect for elders, which serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced world.
World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in global ecosystem.
4. (2022新高考I卷) 这是一个很不错的栏目，你可以在这里和学生分享自己的想法。
________________________________________________________________
5. (2022全国甲卷) 面临互联网各种各样信息，我们不能分辨真假，这对于我们的学习和生活非常有害。
________________________________________________________________
4. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students.
5. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can't tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life.
6. (2021全国乙卷) 首先，我们最好在家遵循学校时间表，这肯定会有助于我们学习效率。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2021新高考I卷) 该报纸推崇很多栏目，其中中国文化是我最喜欢的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. First of all, we'd better obey our school timetable at home, which will surely contribute to our learning productivity.
7. The newspaper boasts a variety of columns, of which Chinese culture is my favorite.
定语从句助力读后续写升格
1.(2024浙江1月卷)教练的话让她瞪大了眼睛，她简直不敢相信自己居然完成了一英里的跑步，这是她从未想过自己能做到的。
Wide-eyed with the coach’s words, she couldn’t believe that she had actually completed the mile run, something she never thought she could do.
2. (2024浙江1月卷)她每走一步，都给那些追随她的人留下了灵感的遗产，她知道即使没有明确的方向感，也总有办法找到自己的路。
With each step she took, she left behind a legacy of inspiration for those who followed in her footsteps, knowing that even without a clear sense of direction, there's always a way to find one's way.
3. (2023新高考I卷)我一手拿着奖杯，一手拿着奖状，眼睛投向老师，老师竖起大拇指，眼里闪烁着喜悦和骄傲。
With prize cup in one hand and award certificate in the other hand, I threw my eyes at my teacher, who gave me a thumbs up, with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.
4. (2023新高考I卷)那匹曾经心存疑虑，一度想过退出的疲惫的马，继续前行，驶向终点。
The tired horse who once had doubts and once thought about quitting, kept going and made it to the destination.
5. (2023新高考I卷)我永远不会忘记这段经历，它将永远是我一生中最珍贵的回忆之一。
I will never forget this experience, which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.
6. (2023新高考I卷)我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
I am grateful to my teacher, whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.
8. (2023浙江1月卷)这是一个真正温暖人心的时刻，永远不会消失。
It was a truly heartwarming moment and one that would never vanish.