2026年中考英语专项难点语法辨析:现在完成时&过去完成时(包含高频错题解析及专项练习)讲义(含解析)

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名称 2026年中考英语专项难点语法辨析:现在完成时&过去完成时(包含高频错题解析及专项练习)讲义(含解析)
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中考难点语法辨析:现在完成时 过去完成时(包含高频错题解析及练习
核心:
现在完成时连接 “过去与现在”,
过去完成时强调 “过去的过去”,关键看时间参照点。
一、核心定义与本质区别
现在完成时:表示动作发生在过去,持续到现在或对现在有影响。
过去完成时:表示动作发生在另一个过去动作之前,是 “过去的过去”。
二、关键判断依据(中考高频考点)
1. 时间参照点不同
现在完成时:参照点是 “现在”,常和 now、today、so far 等现在相关的时间词连用。
过去完成时:参照点是 “某个过去时间 / 动作”,常和 before、by the time、when 引导的过去从句搭配。
2. 时态标志词差异
现在完成时标志词:for + 时间段、since + 时间点、already、yet、ever、never、just。
过去完成时标志词:by + 过去时间、by the end of + 过去年份、before + 过去动作。
3. 典型句型对比
现在完成时:He has lived here for 5 years.(从过去住到现在,住了 5 年)
过去完成时:He had lived here for 5 years before he moved to Beijing.(搬去北京是过去动作,“住 5 年” 在这之前)
三、中考易错点提醒
1.看到 for/since 别盲目用现在完成时,若语境是 “过去的过去”,需用过去完成时。
2.当两个过去动作先后发生,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。
3.现在完成时不能和具体过去时间词(如 yesterday、in 2020)连用,过去完成时可以。
中考现在完成时 & 过去完成时高频错题解析 + 专项练习
一、高频易错点突破(附真题解析)
易错点 1:时间标志词误用(中考单选题 TOP1 考点)
核心陷阱:现在完成时与具体过去时间词(yesterday/in 2020)连用;过去完成时缺少 “过去参照点”。
真题错题:
(2023 北京卷)— Have you finished your homework yet — Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish
错因:误选 C(看到 “完成” 就用现在完成时),忽略 “ten minutes ago” 是具体过去时间,仅描述过去动作,与现在无关。
正解:B
技巧:① 现在完成时→无具体过去时间(already/yet/since/for);② 过去完成时→必须有 “过去参照动作”(如 did/was/went)。
易错点 2:延续性动词与瞬间动词转换(完形填空必考点)
核心陷阱:瞬间动词(buy/die/join/leave)与 for/since 时间段连用。
真题错题:(2021 湖北武汉卷)His father ______ for three years.A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. was dead
错因:误选 A(die 是瞬间动词,不能持续 “三年”)。
正解:C(die→be dead 转换为延续性状态)。
高频转换清单(必须熟记):
瞬间动词 延续性转换 例句
buy have I have had this bike for 2 years.
join be in/be a member of She has been in the club since 2022.
leave be away He has been away from home for a month.
borrow keep I have kept the book for a week.

易错点 3:“过去的过去” 判断失误(过去完成时核心)
核心陷阱:两个过去动作先后发生,未用 “had done(先)+ did(后)”。
真题错题:(2022 江苏南京卷)By the time we ______ to the cinema, the movie ______ for 10 minutes.
A. got; had been on B. got; has been on C. get; had been on D. get; has been on
错因:误选 B(“到达影院” 是过去动作,“电影开始” 在之前,需用过去完成时;start→be on 转换)。
正解:A
技巧:看到 by the time/before/when + 过去从句,先发生的动作必用过去完成时。
易错点 4:have been to/have gone to/have been in 混淆
核心陷阱:未根据 “是否返回” 判断短语。
真题错题:(2023 四川成都卷)— Where is your mother — She ______ to the supermarket. She will be back in an hour.A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go
错因:误选 A(have been to 表示 “去过已返回”,与 “一小时后回来” 矛盾)。
正解:B
记忆口诀:been to 去过回,gone to 去未归,been in 待多久。
易错点 5:现在完成时与一般过去时语境混淆
核心陷阱:忽略 “对现在的影响” 这一关键区别。
真题对比
①(2023 浙江杭州卷)— Why are you so late
— Sorry, I ______ my bike and had to walk here.
lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose
(正解:B→仅陈述过去丢车的事实,影响已通过 “had to walk” 体现)
②(2022 广东卷)— Your shoes look new. When did you buy them
— I ______ them for two weeks.A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. keep
(正解:C→for two weeks 提示延续性,buy→have 转换,强调 “现在仍拥有”)
二、专项练习(分梯度贴合中考)
基础巩固题(聚焦易错点 1-3)
1.(2022 江苏苏州卷)My uncle ______ in this city since 1980.
A. lives B. will live C. has lived D. lived
2.(高频模拟题)
By 7 o’clock last night, my mom ______ all the housework.
A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had finished
3.He ______ the book for a month. He must return it now.
A. has borrowed B. borrowed C. has kept D. kept
4.When I arrived at the station, the train ______ already ______.
A. has; left B. had; left C. left D. will leave
真题拔高题(2021-2024 各地中考真题)
1.(2024 山东青岛卷)— How long ______ you ______ this school
— For three years. I ______ here in 2021.
A. have; been in; came B. have; gone to; arrived C. did; join; came
2.(2023 湖南长沙卷)She told me she ______ the movie twice before.
A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen
3.(2022 陕西卷)— Have you ever ______ to Xi’an
— Yes, I ______ there last year. It’s a beautiful city.
been; went B. gone; went C. been; have gone
综合挑战题(用所给词适当形式填空 + 句型转换,中考压轴题型)
1.用所给词适当形式填空:When Tom got to the party, most of his friends ______ (leave). He felt sad because he ______ (not see) them for a long time.(用所给词适当形式填空)
2.句型转换:① They finished the project last week.(改为过去完成时)
By last week, they ______ ______ the project.
② He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ has he lived in Beijing
三、答案与详细解析
基础巩固题
1.C(since 1980→现在完成时,强调持续到现在)
2.D(by 7 o’clock last night→过去时间参照点,用过去完成时)
3.C(for a month→延续性,borrow→keep)
4.B(arrived 是过去动作,“火车离开” 在之前→过去完成时)
真题拔高题
1.A(for three years→现在完成时,in 2021→一般过去时;have been in 表示 “在某地”)
2.D(told 是过去动作,“看电影” 在之前→过去完成时)
3.A(ever→have been to;last year→一般过去时)
综合挑战题
1.had left; hadn’t seen(got 是过去参照点,“离开” 先发生用 had left;“没见” 持续到过去用 hadn’t seen)
2.① had finished(by last week→过去完成时);② How long(对时间段提问)
四、中考解题黄金步骤(必背)
1.找 “时间标志”:先看是否有 since/for/already/yet(现在完成时)或 by + 过去时间 /before + 过去动作(过去完成时);
2.判 “动作关系”:两个过去动作→先发生用 had done,后发生用 did;
3.查 “动词类型”:时间段前必须用延续性动词,瞬间动词需转换;
4.结合 “语境”:现在完成时强调 “现在影响 / 持续”,过去完成时强调 “过去的先后顺序”。