考点跟踪突破22 名词和冠词
名 词
1．Our school has fifty-six __B__ teachers.
(导学号：38122121)(2016，绥化)
A．woman B．women C．woman's
2．—How can I get some __A__ about the 2016 Olympic Games?
—Why not search the Internet？(2016，自贡)
A．information B．experience C．practice
3．—How far is your home from school?
—About __B__ walk.
(导学号：38122122)(2016，龙东)
A．five minute's B．five minutes' C．five minutes
4．I think eating __A__ is good for health.(2016，永州)
A．tomatoes B．bananaes C．egges
5．It's sports time.Most __A__ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.(2016，重庆)
A．boy B．boys C．boy's D．boys'
6．—What would you like to eat?
—Some __A__，please.(2016，铜仁)
A．bread B．cake C．coffee D．tea
7．—Why do people never cut up the __C__ on their birthdays？(2016，东营)
—Because they are a symbol of long life.
A．eggs B．cakes C．noodles D．dumplings
8．Great __A__ for football lovers—more than 50，000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.(2016，东营)
A．news B．message C．situation D．information
9．Nancy took her temperature and found she had a __D__．(2016，青岛)
A．cough B．toothache C．cold D．fever
10．—Excuse me.Is there a __C__ near here？I want to buy some drinks.(2016，济南)
—Yes.Go along the street，and it's on your left.
A．zoo B．school
C．supermarket D．museum
11．If you don't know the __B__ to the science museum，here is a map of the city.(2016，云南)
A．date B．way C．price D．time
12．Some old people need a __C__ because they feel lonely.(2016，江西)
A．gift B．stick C．pet D．watch
13．—Are you going out with Jade tonight?
—That's my __B__．Mind your own!
(导学号：38122123)(2016，河南)
A．offer B．business C．question D．chance
14．—Look！So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.(2016，襄阳)
—They're for public.This __C__ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.
A．number B．pair C．kind D．piece
15．—Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies？(2016，鄂州)
—Please follow the __D__ on the cookbook.
A．direction B．attention
C．introduction D．instruction
16．This is __B__ bedroom.It's tidy and nice.(2016，玉林)
A．Lily's and Lucy's B．Lily and Lucy's
C．Lily's and Lucy D．Lily and Lucy
17．Don't worry.I can find some __B__ about the flight on the Internet soon.
A．idea B．information
C．advice D．agreement
18．—Tom，never let others know what I told you today.
—Don't worry.I will keep the __B__．
A．message B．secret C．news D．habit
19．—I'd like to buy an apartment in the city.
—Work hard，and your __A__ will come true one day.(2017，预测)
A．dream B．opinion
C．agreement D．suggestion
20．—Are all the students in your class from __B__？
—No，there are only three ________ in our class.The others are from other countries.
(导学号：38122124)(2017，预测)
A．Germany；Germen B．Germany；Germans
C．German；Germans D．German；Germany
21．After his teacher had a face-to-face talk with him，Paul realized his __B__ and tried to correct them.
A．discussions B．mistakes
C．ideas D．answers
22．—Any special __A__ in this shopping mall now?
—Sure，we have the latest e-products on sale.
(导学号：38122125)(2016，武汉模拟)
A．offer B．price C．brand D．service
23．—A study shows that good habits play a very important __B__ in children's education.
—I think so.(2016，襄阳模拟)
A．sense B．part C．reason D．meaning
冠 词
1．—What do you usually have for breakfast?
—Some bread，__B__ egg and a glass of milk.(2016，福州)
A．a B．an C．the
2．To be __B__ good dancer，you need to learn more.(2016，成都)
A．the B．a C．an
3．I find __A__ pen on the ground.Whose is ________ pen？(2016，永州)
A．a；the B．the；a C．a；a
4．—Did you have __A__ good time yesterday?
—Yeah，I really had ________ fun at the party.(2016，菏泽)
A．a；/ B．a；the C．/；the
5．—When is Father's Day in the United States?
—It's on __B__ third Sunday in June.(2016，郴州)
A．a B．the C．/
6．There is __C__ “h” in the word “hour”，and the “h” doesn't make ________ sound.(2016，自贡)
A．an；a B．a；any C．an；any
7．__B__ apple a day keeps the doctor away.(2016，济宁)
A．A B．An C．The D．/
8．—My daughter seldom has __A__ dinner.
—It is ________ unhealthy habit.You must ask her to change it.(2016，米泉)
A．/；an B．the；an C．/；a D．a；/
9．—Do you know __A__ woman in red?
—Yes，she is a professor of ________ Anshun College.(2016，安顺)
A．the；/ B．a；/ C．the；an D．the；the
10．I have __A__ pet cat.It is so cute.(2016，河北)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
11．Mary wants to be __A__ good doctor when she grows up.(2016，重庆A)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
12．—What can I do for you，sir?
—I want __A__ iPhone 6s plus for my wife as ________ useful gift.
(导学号：38122126)(2016，呼和浩特)
A．an；a B．a；an C．an；the D．a；a
13．—What did you do last night，Bob?
—First I did my homework，and then I played __C__ piano for half ________ hour.(2016，黄石)
A．the；a B．/；an C．the；an D．a；the
14．We will have __A__ reading festival this term，and we can't wait for it.(2016，长春)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
15．—Mary，who's the man over there?
—He's my uncle，__C__ English teacher.(2016，十堰)
A．the B．a C．an D．/
16．—Dong Guijun is __C__ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
—He is ________ pride of me.
(导学号：38122127)(2016，连云港)
A．the；/ B．a；the C．the；the D．a；/
17．—Would you please turn off __C__ TV?
—OK，just a minute.(2016，威海)
A．a B．an C．the
18．Many teenagers think Guo Jingming is one of __C__ greatest writers nowadays in China.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
19．My cousin went abroad to study at __A__ age of eighteen.
A．the B．an C．a D．/
20．—Where do __A__ Smiths spend their weekends?
—They often go to play on ________ same beach.
(导学号：38122128)(2016，安徽模拟)
A．the；the B．a；the
C．the；an D．a；an
21．—What __A__ heavy snow it is!
—Yes，I love ________ fresh air after it snows.
A．a；the B．the；a
C．the；the D．a；a
22．—Do you know something about David?
—Yes.He is __B__ university student.He likes sports and runs for ________ hour every morning.
A．a；a B．a；an C．an；an D．an；a
23．China，__D__ home of tea，has ________ history of more than 5，000 years.(2016，河北模拟)
A．the；the B．a；a C．a；the D．the；a
24．Mr. Smith is __C__ old man and he usually walks his dog after ________ supper.(2016，云南模拟)
A．a；the B．an；a C．an；/ D．the；/
25．I have seen __D__ film Mr. Six and it's quite ________ educational one.
A．/；an B．an；a C．the；a D．the；an
课件31张PPT。英语专题一 名词和冠词 名 词
名词是中考考查的重点，考查内容主要为：
1．可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法；
2．不可数名词量的表示方法；
3．名词所有格的使用方法；
4．名词作主语时主谓一致问题；
5．名词词义的辨析。高频考向一 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后做出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。
【例1】 During the next few days，I decide to have a good ________ by taking a walk or seeing a movie.I really need to relax.(2016，山西)
A．meal B．sleep C．rest
解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据by taking a walk or seeing a movie“通过散步或者看电影”，二者都是放松的方式，所以正确答案是have a good rest好好休息。meal吃饭，sleep睡觉，均不符合。
答案：__C__【例2】—Why didn't Lucy go to your birthday party last night?
—She said that she was busy preparing for the exams，but that was only a(n) ________.I saw her going to a movie with her friend at that time.(2016，乌鲁木齐)
A．matter B．excuse C．result D．reason
解析：matter意为“事情；问题”；excuse意为“理由；借口”；result意为“结束”；reason意为“理由；原因”。由空格后的句意“在那时我看到她和她的朋友去看电影了”可知，空格所在句句意为“她说她忙于准备考试，但那只是个借口”。
答案：__B__高频考向二 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如：an uncle，a university，an honest man，an hour，a useful book，an apple等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种：1．可数名词的复数规则变化2.可数名词的复数不规则变化
①元音或词尾发生变化。如：
man→men，woman→women，Frenchman→Frenchmen，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children
②单复数形式相同。如：
sheep(绵羊)→sheep，fish(鱼的条数) →fish，Chinese(中国人)→Chinese，Japanese(日本人)→Japanese，deer(鹿)→deer
③形式为单数，意思为复数。如：
people，police
④视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：
family，class，team，group⑤形式为复数，意思为单数。如：
news，maths，physics，the United States等。
⑥只用复数形式。如：
pants，shorts，clothes，glasses (眼镜)等。
⑦由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。如：
man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：
a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。【注意】①有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，如：time(时间/次数，倍数)，fish(鱼肉/鱼)，room(空间/房间)，noise(噪音/响声)，paper(纸/试卷，文件)，chicken(鸡肉/鸡)，experience(经验/经历)
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。【例3】 Each couple in China can have two ________ from January 1st，2016.(2016，昆明)
A．boy B．girl C．children D．child
解析：由“two”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。boy，girl，child都是单数名词。
答案：__C__
【例4】 All the ________ are from ________.(2015，攀枝花)
A．men doctors；Germany B．men doctors；German
C．man doctors；Germany D．man doctor；German
解析：句意为“所有的男医生都来自德国。”man doctor(男医生)复数的正确表达是men doctors；Germany意为“德国”；German意为“德国人；德国的”。
答案：__A__高频考向三 名词所有格
①有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般在词尾加“'s”。如：
It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？
③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。如：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
⑤有些(如：诊所、家、店铺等)名词所有格后面加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：
the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr. White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。
⑥of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：
an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family。【例5】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.
A．Sonia's and Jane's B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane
解析：A项表示两个人各自的桌子，后应接复数名词；B项表示两个人共有的桌子，后接单数名词；C项不可以直接作定语。
答案：__B__【例6】 I live near the station.It's only about five ________ walk.(2016，龙东)
A．minute's B．minute
C．minutes' D．minutes
解析：后半句“大约五分钟的步行路程”可知，此处应用名词所有格形式。minute为可数名词，在基数词后应使用复数形式minutes，以-s结尾的复数名词直接在词尾加“'”构成所有格形式。
答案：__C__冠 词
中考中对冠词的考查主要为：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。高频考向一 不定冠词a，an
①不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
an apple 一个苹果 an hour一小时
a book一本书 a university一所大学
②泛指某一类人或物。如：
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
③表示数量“一”，但没有one强。如：
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
④用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如：
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。⑤用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
three times a week每周三次
⑥用于某些固定短语中。如：
a lot of许多，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快，in a hurry匆忙，take a bus乘坐公共汽车
【例1】 Edward and William are brothers.There is ________ uncommon similarity between ________ two boys.(2016，苏州)
A．an；不填 B．an；the C．a；不填 D．a；the
解析：第一个设空处表达的意思是“罕见的相似性”表泛指，其中形容词uncommon的发音/?n?k?m?n/是以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an；第二个设空处表示“那两个男孩”，是特指，所以用定冠词the。
答案：__B__【例2】Cheer up！You will get ________ A in the listening test.(2016，兰州)
A．a B．the C．an D．/
解析：本题考查冠词的用法，字母A以元音音素开头。
答案：__C__
【例3】 As we know，England is ________ European country and Singapore is ________ Asian country.
A．an；an B．an；a C．a；a D．a；an
解析：本题考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别。European是以辅音音素开头，其前应用a；而Asian是以元音音素开头，其前应用an。
答案：__D__高频考向二 定冠词the
①谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露茜的妹妹。
②用于特指某人或某物。如：
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
③用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④用在乐器名称前。如：
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
⑤用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如：
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。⑥用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如：
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
⑦用在上文已提到的人或物前。如：
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫，这只猫很可爱。
⑧用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Huai River淮河，the United Kingdom英国，the Great Wall长城
⑨用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如：
the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor 穷人⑩用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”及“the＋比较级＋of＋两者”的句型中。如：
The more he thinks of it，the sadder he will be.他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛利亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
?the用在某个世纪的某个年代。如：
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
?用在某些固定短语中。如：
at the age of在……岁时；all the time一直；by the way顺便说一下；in the end最后；终于；in the morning在早上；on the right在右边；in the middle of在……中间【例4】 The Whites have planned to visit ________ Great Wall in China.
A．the B．an C．a D．/
解析：长城是世界上独一无二的事物，其前应加the。
答案：__A__
【例5】We should often help ________ poor.
A．a B．不填 C．the
解析：形容词前加定冠词the，表示一类人，句意为“我们应当经常帮助穷人。”。
答案：__C__【例6】 Tianjin is ________ beautiful city in ________ north of China.(2016，天津)
A．a；a B．a；the
C．the；不填 D．不填；the
解析：此处表示泛指“一座美丽的城市”，应用不定冠词，beautiful的读音是以辅音音素开头；in the north of...为固定搭配，意为“在……的北部”。
答案：__B__【例7】—What did you do last night，Bob?
—First I did my homework，and then I played ________ piano for half ________ hour.(2016，黄石)
A．the；a B．/；an C．the；an D．a；the
解析：第一空设在西洋乐器名称前，习惯上加定冠词the；第二空表示“半小时”，即一小时的一半，涉及不定冠词a/an的用法，hour的第一个音/au/是元音，前用冠词an。
答案：__C__高频考向三 零冠词
①复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如：
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
②在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。如：
China has a long history.中国拥有悠久的历史。
③在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如：
October 1st is National Day.十月一日是国庆节。
注：若特指某年的某月或某季节时，则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如：
In the winter of 2010，he moved to China.在2010年的冬天，他搬到了中国。④在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如：
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Davy likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。
⑤当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
⑥在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如：
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。⑦与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
【注意】动词take或介词in，on后接表示交通工具的名词时，名词前要加冠词。如：
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车
⑧用在某些习惯用语中。如：
go to school去上学；at home在家
on time按时；in trouble陷入困境
on foot步行；in silence沉默；无声【例8】Li Na started playing ________ tennis at the age of six.She is one of ________ best women tennis players in the world.(2016，原创)
A．the；the B．a；/ C．/；the D．the；/
解析：球类名词前不能用任何冠词；形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。
答案：__C__【例9】 I usually ride ________ bike to school.But this morning，I went to school by ________ bus.(2016，泰安)
A．a；the B．the；a C．不填；a D．a；不填
解析：“by＋交通工具名词”是固定结构，表示“乘坐某种交通工具”，by bus意为“乘公共汽车”；ride a bike意为“骑自行车”。
答案：__D__【例10】Miss Zhang will go to ________ America for ________ important meeting next month.
A．an；an B．/；an
C．/；a D．an；the
解析：表示国家的专有名词前不能用冠词；第二个空表示泛指，且以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
答案：__B__
