选择性必修第一册Unit 1　People of Achievement(话题：杰出人物)学案（含答案）2026年高考英语一轮复习基础教材梳理（人教版2019）

选择性必修第一册
第一步：理词汇　　词汇过关(基础＋拓展)
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.physiology n.___________
2.artemisinin n._________
3.__________ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
4.malaria n._________
5.__________adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
6.property n.性质；特征；财产
7.extract n.提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
8.wormwood n._________
9.__________ n.液体 adj. 液体的；液态的
10.__________ vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
11.__________ n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
12.__________ n.物质；物品；事实根据
13.mostly adv.主要地；一般地
14.__________ vi.&vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
15.circumstance n. (usually pl.)条件；环境；状况
16.__________ vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
17.formula n.公式；方程式；配方
18.__________ n.(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
19.patent n.专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
20.__________ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
21.institution n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗
22.institute n.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
23.moustache n._________
24.__________ vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇
25.__________ n.教授
26.__________ vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
27.__________ n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器
28.__________ n.草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
一、单词拼写
1.After they heard the fire alarm，people f________ in panic in all directions.
2.Thomas Edison once said，“G________ is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
3.The Women’s Volleyball Team d________ its opponent and won another world champion.
4.As far as I am concerned，reading is of v________ importance in learning a language and can broaden one’s horizons.
5.Robert Dunn is a p________ of economics at George Washington University and his lectures are well received among students.
6.The city Boston was f________ by English settlers in 1630，and has since grown into a bustling metropolis with a rich history.
7.We have ________(获得) permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
8. Making right career choices is ________(至关重要的) to personal success.
9. You can stream music on your tablet or other mobile ________(设备).
10.Chaplin，an ________(非凡的) silent movie performer，starred in many outstanding comedies.
11.You’ll have a few minutes to prepare your speech，so you can make a ________(草稿) first.
12.The gases from that factory contain a poisonous __________(物质) that is harmful to people’s health.
13.In our daily lives we ________(遇到) major or minor stresses of one kind or another.
14.The club does not take responsibility for loss of or damage to club members’ personal________(财产).
15.Under normal conditions，matter exists in three states： solid，________(液体) and gas.
16.There is nothing we can do to help Linda，whose __________(状况) are beyond our control.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；做出(错事)；犯(罪)→____________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n. 承诺；投入；奉献
2.academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→____________ adj. 学业的；学术的→academician n.学会会员，院士
3.____________ n. 目标；目的 adj.客观的→object n. 目的，目标；物体；物品；东西
4.botany n.植物学→____________ adj. 植物学的→botanist n. 植物学家
5.evaluate vt. 评价；评估→____________ n.评价；评估；估价→evaluator n. 评估员
6.distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→____________ n. 区别；荣誉；优秀；杰出→distinctive adj.独特的，与众不同的
7.boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点→____________ adj. 炽热的；很热的→boiled adj.煮沸的，煮熟的
8.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)； (公开)感谢→____________ n.承认；确认；感谢→acknowledged adj.公认的；被普遍认可的
9.analyse vt.分析→____________ n.分析→analytical adj.分析的；头脑周密的
10.____________ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
11.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求→____________ n.坚持；坚决要求→insistent adj. 坚持的；持续不断的
12.____________ adj. 科学(上)的； 关于科学的→science n. 科学；理科
13.____________ n. 结论；推论→conclude v.结束；推断出
14.____________ n.小说家→novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新奇的；新的
15.infer vt.推断；推定→____________ n.推理；推论；推断
16.____________ n.从政者；政治家；政客→political adj.政治(上)的；党派的→politics n.政治；政治学
17.number n. 数；号码→____________ adj. 众多的；许多的
18.theory n.理论；学说→____________ adj. 理论的；理论上的→theorist n. 理论家
19.gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的→______________ adv. 温柔地
20.passion n.酷爱；激情→____________ adj. 热情的；热爱的→passionately adv. 热情地；热烈地
21.gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的→____________ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
22.____________ n. 结果；后果→ consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→ consequently adv. 因此，结果
23.remark n.言论；评述 vt.& vi.说起；评论→____________ adj.非凡的；显著的
二、单句语法填空
1.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of __________(science) research.
2.We didn’t have enough money to pay for our bus fares，and in __________(consequent)，we had to walk.
3.It is widely __________(acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
4.Three professors were asked to make an __________(evaluate) of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
5.He made a __________(passion) speech on water shortage and appealed to all citizens to save water.
6.As is __________(apparent) shown in the chart above，there are about 10% students supporting the idea.
7.Judging from his puzzled expression，we made __________(infer) that he didn’t figure out what I said just now.
8.To sum up，I think we should take a calm，__________(object) view of the network language.
9.Traditional Chinese medicine is __________(gradual) being recognised by foreigners，while it still has a long way to go.
10.Professor Zhang has obtained __________(remark) achievements in this field.
11.We must draw a clear __________(distinct) between right and wrong.
12.This led Jones to the __________(conclude) that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community，who are easy targets of cheating.
13.As the __________(botany) analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
14.Steve moved to the piano and sat on the bench，hands trembling as he__________(gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.
15.As a talented scientist well-known for his __________(commit) to his country，he committed himself to his research on geophysics.
16.__________(insist) on better working conditions by the union has led to fewer employee absences.
17.She believed her job as a __________(politics) was to represent the views of her party and the people who voted for her.
18.This is certainly a __________(theory) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem.
第二步：辨短语　　短语点兵(必会＋出彩)
必会短语
1.承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
________________________________________
2.坚决要求________________________________________
3.(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗________________________________________
4.流程图________________________________________
5.(开始)掌权；上台________________________________________
6.担任；任职________________________________________
7.总结；概括________________________________________
出彩短语
1.lead to 致使；使得；导致
2.die from 死于
3.draw out 取出
4.(sth) be ________to sb 把某物给予/授予某人
5.form a team 组成团队
6.show promise (in) 在……中显示出希望/潜质/前途
7.get ________in 被卡在……；被困于……
8.acknowledge defeat 承认失败
9.test...on... 在……上检测……
10.other ________除了……以外
11.come to a________ 得出结论
12.be acknowledged ________... 作为……被认可
13.due ________由于；应归咎于
14.__________ a strong passion for knowledge 出于对知识的强烈渴望
15.as a consequence 因此，结果
16.be mistaken for... 被误认为……
17.put forward 提出
18.in ________尤其，特别
19.________ great poverty 遭受巨大的贫困
20.open up a new world 打开一个新世界
21.with the ________of... 带着……目标
22.on end 连续地
23.______________ 话到嘴边；就在嘴边(但想不起来)
三、短语填空
1.You should respect the views of others，and at the same time __________(坚持) what you think is right.
2.To ________(总结)，low price，easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.
3.______________(结果)，they can’t concentrate on their studies and tend to be sleepy in class.
4.Jerry ______________(任职) as a salesman at a big company after graduation last year.
5.After running for so many years，the truck just shows little sign of __________(磨损).
6.All of you have done quite a good job in the exam，and one student __________(尤其) deserves a mention.
7.His name is ______________(就在嘴边)，but I just can’t think of it.
8.The artists had little faith in the political leader who __________(掌权) after the war.
9.He is a wonderful companion and we can talk for hours ____________(连续地).
10.Lu Xun，____________(被认为是……) one of the greatest modern writers in China，tried to change China by waking up the Chinese.
11.The twins look so much alike that they are often __________(误认为) each other.
12.________________(带着……目标) helping the disabled people，this programme has a long way to go.
13.____________(致力于) doing medical research，the scientist is thought highly of by people.
14.The kid ____________(在……方面显示出潜质/前途) soccer，impressing his coaches with his swift footwork and strategic play.
15.When you____________(被困在) traffic，you may become frustrated that you can’t do anything to make the cars ahead of yours move.
第三步：明句式　　句式提升(经典＋仿写)
1.[课文原句]In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
[句式]过去分词作定语
[仿写]被使用的船漆得很漂亮，用各种颜色的花装饰。
The boats ______________are beautifully painted and decorated with flowers of all colours.
2.[课文原句]While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈渴望，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
[句式]while引导的时间状语从句的省略
[仿写]在遛狗的时候，我不小心松了手，狗被一辆汽车撞了。
__________________，I was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
3.[课文原句]Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不只是我一个人的……”
[句式]on/upon doing... 意为“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”
[仿写]一到目的地，我们就迫不及待地呼吸新鲜空气，欣赏美丽的风景。
__________________________，we could hardly wait to breathe the fresh air and admire the beautiful scenery.
4.[课文原句]He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
[句式]as though/if引导的状语从句
[仿写]那女孩听着，仿佛她被变成了石头。
The girl listened as though/if______________________.
5.[课文原句]On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
1955 年 4 月 18 日，爱因斯坦逝世的消息传出，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝去而哀悼。
[句式]It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
[仿写]人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于应该鼓励人们阅读更多的书籍。
__________________________________ the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books.
第四步：析语篇　　课文填空(改编＋考点)
Tu Youyou，a 1.________(commit) and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and 2.________(graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of 3.________(discover) a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 4.________(choose).In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，5.________ malaria was more common，to study malaria patients. In 1969，she became the head of the project in Beijing，and decided 6.________(review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional 7.________(botany) treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts，and 8.________(evaluate) 280，000 plants for their medical properties. From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments 9.________ showed promise in the fight against malaria.
Tu owed the Nobel Prize 10.________ her team. She said，“This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.”
Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思)
1.Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored._______________
2.(1)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. _______________
(2)Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property._______________
3.After two years，the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health. _______________
4.The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect._______________
5.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women，or people of a different colour or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others._______________
6.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths._______________
7.He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background._______________
8.How can you extract this information and make good use of it _______________
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Her years of hard work has finally been __________(acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman of the Year.
2.Understanding history is vital________ understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
3.People ________(flee) aimlessly in alarm as the tsunami struck the city without any precaution.
4.I could feel the wind ________(gentle) blowing through my hair and it was a warm summer breeze.
5.This organisation offers help and support to single mothers，whatever their________(circumstance) are.
6.In the face of failure，it is vital that we ________(keep) up a good state of mind.
7.Many species have died out ________consequence of/________ a consequence of human activities.
8.It’s universally accepted that smart phones not only take ________our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health.
Ⅲ.词汇与高考写作链接
1.赏词猜义(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思)
(1)①He was sent to prison for a crime that he committed._____________
②I’d like a friendship that might lead to something deeper，but I wouldn’t want to commit myself too soon._____________
③Once we have committed ourselves to this course of action，there is no going back._____________
(2)①She acknowledged that she had made a serious mistake._____________
②He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world._____________
③I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses._____________
(3)Tu Youyou discovered a novel method of extracting the useful substance._____________
(4)①Before and during the popular festival，controlling the flow of crowds was a key issue._____________
②Large numbers of villagers continue to flow into big cities to search for jobs._____________
2.完成句子
(1)He ________________________________(致力于做医学研究)，and he was a great success.
(2)______________________________________________________(极其重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训). Just as the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.”(用what 引导)
=__________________________________________________.Just as the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.”(用it作形式主语)
(3)The teacher insisted that________________________________________
(充分利用每一分钟把工作做好).
(4)________________________________________________________(众所周知，动机越强)，the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
(5)Every new invention is a double-edged sword. Under no circumstances
____________________________________(我们对未来失去信心).
(6)______________________________(在欧洲旅行时)，he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.(while引导状语从句时的省略)
(7)On __________________________(到我们学校)，they couldn’t wait to visit our teahouse，where a lot of tea sets were on display.
=The moment/minute/second/instant/As soon as they arrived at our school，they couldn’t wait to visit our teahouse，where a lot of tea sets were on display.
=Immediately/Directly/Instantly they arrived at our school，they couldn’t wait to visit our teahouse，where a lot of tea sets were on display.
3.品词赏句
(1)I do hope to obtain this precious opportunity.Should you offer me a personal interview，I would be most grateful.
我非常希望能得到这个宝贵的机会。如果您能给我一次面试的机会，我将不胜感激。
(2)The army was well-trained and well-armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.
这支军队训练有素，装备精良，毫不费力就打败了敌人。
(3)Seeing such extraordinary beauty，I think every cell in my body woke up.It was like discovering a whole new dimension of life.
看到如此非凡的美丽，我想我体内的每一个细胞都苏醒了。这就像发现了一个全新的生命维度。
(4)I strongly believe that a better world owes to the commitment and dedication of everyone.
我坚信，一个更美好的世界靠每个人的投入和奉献。
(5)The tests can’t actually mirror students’ academic abilities and personal qualities comprehensively.Therefore/Accordingly/Consequently，schools should employ diverse criteria to evaluate students.
考试并不能全面反映学生的学术能力和个人素质。因此，学校应该采用多样化的标准来评价学生。
(6)I can safely draw a conclusion that success comes to anyone who keeps working perseveringly and that a lack of perseverance can only result in frustration and failure.
我可以有把握地得出一个结论：成功属于任何坚持不懈努力的人，缺乏毅力只会导致挫折和失败。
(7)Last Sunday afternoon witnessed the competitive volleyball final on the playground，which sparked students’ burning passion for sports.
上周日下午，在操场上举行了激烈的排球决赛，激发了学生们对运动的强烈热情。
4.语篇美文
假定你是李华，即将参加学校组织的以“The Power of a Hero”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
(1)英雄人物事迹；(2)你获得的启发。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[参考范文]
Good morning，everyone!
I am going to talk about one real hero in my heart.In my opinion，a hero is someone who has a power of inspiring and guiding others.
He was a famous physicist who studied the universe and made big achievements. He had serious physical problems，and could only move three fingers. But he never gave up，and he never stopped considering about the most difficult physics puzzles. He was Stephen Hawking. His strong will and great enthusiasm for science helped him to ignore the terrible disease and kept thinking. Hawking interpreted the saying，“While there’s life，there is hope.”
When I am faced with adversity，it is his heroic spirit that inspires me to overcome difficulties and continue moving forward.From now on，tell yourself to have a valuable goal，never give up just like Hawking，and then be ready to be a hero. Thank you for your listening.
选择性必修第一册
Unit 1　People of Achievement
第一层　教材夯基提能
第一步：理词汇
Ⅰ.1.生理学；生理机能　2.[药]青蒿素　3.crucial　4.疟疾　5.vital　8.蒿；洋艾　9.liquid　10.obtain　11.defeat　12.substance　14.flee
16.found　18.genius　20.extraordinary　23.上唇的胡子；髭
24.encounter　25.professor　26.mourn　27.device　28.draft
Ⅱ.1.committed　2.academic　3.objective　4.botanical　5.evaluation
6.distinction　7.boiling　8.acknowledgement　9.analysis
10.apparently　11.insistence　12.scientific　13.conclusion
14.novelist　15.inference　16.politician　17.numerous
18.theoretical　19.gently　20.passionate　21.gradually
22.consequence　23.remarkable
一、1.fled　2.Genius　3.defeated　4.vital　5.professor　6.founded　7.obtained　8.crucial　9.devices　10.extraordinary　11.draft
12.substance　13.encounter　14.property　15.liquid　16.circumstances
二、1.scientific　2.consequence　3.acknowledged　4.evaluation
5.passionate　6.apparently　7.inferences　8.objective　9.gradually
10.remarkable　11.distinction　12.conclusion　13.botanical
14.gently　mitment　16.Insistence　17.politician　18.theoretical
第二步：辨短语
必会短语
1.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)　2.insist on　3.wear and tear　4.flow chart　5.come to power　6.take up a position　7.sum up
出彩短语
4.awarded　7.stuck　10.than　11.conclusion　12.as　13.to　14.out of　18.particular　19.suffer　21.objective　23.on the tip of one’s tongue
三、1.insist on　2.sum up　3.As a consequence　4.took up a position
5.wear and tear　6.in particular　7.on the tip of my tongue　8.came to power　9.on end　10.acknowledged as　11.mistaken for
12.With the objective of　mitted to　14.showed promise in
15.get stuck in
第三步：明句式
1.used　2.While walking the dog　3.On/Upon arriving at the destination　4.she had been turned into stone　5.It is commonly believed that
第四步：析语篇
1.committed　2.graduated　3.discovering　4.chosen　5.where　6.to review　7.botanical　8.evaluated　9.which/that　10.to
第二层　高考拓展视角
Ⅰ.1.adj.忠诚的　2.(1)n.性质,特性　(2)n.财产　3.adj.显著的
4.n.草稿　5.n.天才　adj.不被认可的　6.n.目标　7.adj.学术的
8.v.提取,提炼
Ⅱ.1.acknowledged　2.to　3.fled　4.gently　5.circumstances
6.(should) keep　7.in； as　8.up
Ⅲ.1.(1)①v.犯 (罪)　②v.承诺　③v.致力于；投入　(2)①v.承认　②v.认可,承认　③v.(公开)感谢　(3)adj.新的　(4)①n.(人的)流动　②v.流动
2.(1)committed himself to (doing) medical research　(2)What is vital is that we should learn a lesson from failure　It’s vital that we (should) learn a lesson from failure　(3)every minute (should) be made full use of to do the work well　(4)It is widely/generally acknowledged that the stronger the motivation is　(5)shall we lose faith in the future　(6)While travelling in Europe　(7)arriving at our school