选择性必修第二册Unit 1　Science and Scientists(话题：科学与科学家)学案（含答案） 2026年高考英语一轮复习基础教材梳理（人教版）

选择性必修第二册
第一步：理词汇　　词汇过关(基础＋拓展)
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.cholera n.霍乱
2. diarrhoea n. 腹泻
3.germ n._________________
4.pump n._________________
5.__________ n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
6.__________ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备； 指责
7.__________ n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
8.__________ adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
9.__________ n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
10.substantial adj._________________
11.statistic n.[pl.-s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
12.protein n.蛋白质
13.cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房
14.__________ n. 病毒
15.__________ n. 框架；结构
16.__________ adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体
17.__________ vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
18.__________ n. 阴影；影子；背光处
19.rainbow n.彩虹
20.__________ vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
21.__________ n.混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
22. __________vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
23.__________ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
24.__________ adj.抽象的；理论上的　n.(文献等的)摘要
25.__________ n. 概念；观念
26.besides prep.除……之外(还) adv. 而且；此外
27.__________ adv.此外；再者
28.__________ n. 弱点；过错
29.__________ n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向
一、单词拼写
1.As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to h________ the problem.
2.A local doctor discovered this unknown v________，which proved to be exceptionally deadly.
3.Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the b________ on the alarm clock.
4.People can become infected after eating r________ or undercooked meat.
5.It is not your f________，so you needn’t make an apology to Jim.
6.More than 20 o________ students have been chosen to be awarded the scholarship.
7.The house is too small. F________，it’s too far from my school.
8.The sun shone through the leaves，throwing ________(影子) on the lawn.
9.Media attention has ________(转移) recently onto environmental issues.
10.The drama course gives students a ________(坚实的) grounding in the basic techniques of acting.
11.Being addicted to online shopping for too long will greatly ________(减少) people’s desire to take part in social activities.
12.Sometimes it may be helpful to use examples to explain________(抽象的) concepts.
13.The first draft of his novel needed a ________(大量的) amount of rewriting.
14.Over the last two decades，________(家庭) water consumption per head in London has increased by 22%.
15.The police are trying to________(追踪) the mother of a newborn baby found abandoned outside a hospital.
16.Scientists have collected more ________(数据) than expected to prove the theory.
17.It is very difficult to define the ________(概念) of beauty，since different people have different ideas about it.
18.The building has a flexible________(框架) so that it can survive an earthquake.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→________ adv. 严重地；严厉地→severity n. 严重(性)；严厉
2.frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→________ n. 懊恼；沮丧；受挫；挫败
3.________ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→contradict vt. 与……抵触；与……矛盾
4.________ n. 感染；传染→infect vt. 使感染；传染→infected adj. 受感染的→infectious adj. 传染的；有传染性的
5.________ vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) →subscriber n. 订阅者；用户→subscription n. 订阅(费)
6.________ n. 证据；证明；检验→prove v. 证明
7.________ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v. 乘；(使)倍增；繁殖→multiplication n. 乘法；倍增
8.suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→suspicion n. 怀疑→__________ adj. 感觉可疑的；怀疑的
9.________ n. 介入；出面；干涉→intervene v. 介入；出面；干涉
10.pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purity n. 纯洁；纯净；纯粹→________ vt. 净化；使纯净
11.________ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变→transformation n.(彻底的)变化，改观；转变；改革
12.finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→________ vt. 发现；找到
13.initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→__________ adv. 最初；开始
14.theory n. 理论；原理→________ adj. 理论(上)的→theoretically adv. 理论地；理论上地
15.________ adj. 爱国的→patriotically adv. 爱国地→patriot n. 爱国者→patriotism n. 爱国主义；爱国精神
16.________ adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→mechanics n. 力学；机械学
17.defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→________ n. 保卫；防守；辩解→defensive adj.防御的，戒备的
18.assistant n. 助理；助手→assist v. 帮助；协助→________ n. 帮助；援助
19.________ n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能→lead v. 带领；引领→leader n. 领导者→mislead v.误导
20.________ adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n. 礼物；天赋
21.________ n. 天文学家→astronomy n. 天文学
22.brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→________ n. 明亮；才华
23.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→________ adv. 生动地；鲜明地
24.________ adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地
25.think v.认为；觉得→________ n.思想；思维；见解
二、单句语法填空
1.________(initial)，most of the players in the team were unwilling to accept the defeat.
2.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching ________(assist) in class whose creativity would infect other students.
3.With the widespread use of the Internet，communication across the world has ________(steady) developed over the years.
4.Challenging work that requires lots of analytical ________(think)，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age.
5.In the absence of ________(prove)，the police could not take action against the man.
6.These white blood cells help the body defend itself against some kinds of ________(infect).
7.He has made a complete ____________(transform) from a comedian into a dramatic actor.
8.He tells stories very ________(vivid) and holds his audience spellbound.
9.The water treatment plant uses advanced systems to ________(pure) the river water，making it safe for public consumption.
10.Two ________(suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned by the police.
11.I have never seen diamonds shine with such ________(brilliant) before.
12.Please don’t shout—there’s no need to vent(发泄) your ________(frustrate) on me.
13.This ________device is out of order. You’d better call in a ________.(mechanic)
14.Frank Hurley，a confident and ________(gift) Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images.
15.He is appropriate for the job for his excellent organisational skills and great ________(leader).
16.I keep getting ________(contradict) advice—some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.
第二步：辨短语　　短语点兵(必会＋出彩)
必会短语
1.最终地；彻底地________________________________________
2.同意；赞同________________________________________
3.水泵________________________________________
4.幸亏；由于________________________________________
5.理论框架________________________________________
6.(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
________________________________________
7.主管；掌管________________________________________
8.患(病)；染上(小病)________________________________________
9.最重要的是；尤其是________________________________________
出彩短语
1.be________ at/with... 因……感到懊恼/沮丧
2.in time 经过一段时间之后；迟早；最后；及时；终于
3.attend to 照顾；处理
4.give ________(to...) 生孩子；生下(某人)
5.______________ 大体上；总的说来；通常；一般而言
6.be to blame 该受责备；应承担责任
7.be likely to 倾向于；很有可能
8.through one’s tireless efforts 经过某人不懈的努力
9.a substantial decrease 大量减少
10.suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事
11.over the course of ……期间；在……的过程中
12.discourage sb ________doing sth 阻止某人做某事；使某人丧失信心而不做某事
13.take on 承担；呈现；具有
14.be ________of 能够
15.find fault with sb/sth 批评某人/某物；找某人/某物的毛病
16.in all these ________在所有这些方面
e to solid conclusions 得出可靠的结论
18.have an impact ________对……有影响
三、短语填空
1.I have always ______________(同意) the view that children should be given responsibility from an early age.
2.Don’t ________him ________(怀疑) his honesty because he is very reliable.
3.Some social app companies ______________(应受责备) because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.
4.The toothache is killing me，and I will have the bad tooth pulled out ______________(彻底地).
5.______________(幸亏) your help，we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
6.I have rarely had any chance to return to my home town since I was sent to Beijing ____________(主管) the project.
7.When the war ______________(爆发)，families were torn apart and communities were devastated by the ensuing chaos.
8.We’d like to employ a secretary who is friendly，hard-working，and______________(最重要的是)，able to deal with something unexpected.
9.Since he ______________(患病) the disease，he has shifted the emphasis away from work to life.
10.The challenges we met in university ______________(对……有巨大影响) on our personality forming.
11.Nevertheless，the criticism didn’t ________him________(使灰心) taking on the challenge.
12.Now that he has admitted his mistakes，we are not supposed to keep______________(找……的毛病) him.
13.After many years’ research，we can ________________(得出可靠的结论) that chimps behave much alike humans in many aspects.
14.I have to be away for a while for I have some pressing business to ______________(处理).
第三步：明句式　　句式提升(经典＋仿写)
1.[课文原句]The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
事实上，宽街的水泵里的水被废物污染了。
[句式]that引导表语从句
[仿写]好处是如果出现一种新疾病，这其中一些动物可能会死亡，但其他动物会存活下来，并将抵抗那种疾病的能力传给下一代。
The advantage __________if there is a new illness，some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
2.[课文原句]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢这个水泵里的水，每天都让人把水送到家里来。
[句式1]have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[仿写1]你应该尽全力使你的英语在短时间内得到提高。
You should try your best to __________________in a short period.
[句式2]It seemed that... 似乎……
[仿写2]这个机器人似乎大体上满足了你的需求。
______________________ the robot satisfied your needs in general.
3.[课文原句]As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得很沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防和治疗霍乱。
[句式]“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语
[仿写]我们不知道如何润色短剧中的语言，所以请给我们一些建议。
We don’t know ________________________________________，so please give us some suggestions.
4.[课文原句]Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
[句式]no＋比较级＋than
[仿写]没有哪个学生比李华学习更努力了。
There is no other student ____________than Li Hua.
5.[课文原句]The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水的人更容易染上霍乱。
[句式]be likely to do sth 可能做某事
[仿写]年轻人可能会发脾气，这并不奇怪，特别是当有理由这么做的时候。
It is not surprising that young people ________________lose their temper，particularly when there are reasons to do so.
第四步：析语篇　　课文填空(改编＋考点)
In general，doctors in those days 1.________(have) two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was 2.________ bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera 3.__________(cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct，but he still needed proof.4.________(consequent)，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe 5.________ more than 500 people died in ten days. He was 6.________(determine) to find out why.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had 7.________(infect) by waste. The people that drank this water were much more 8.________(like) to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Definitely，the polluted drinking water was 9.________(blame). It was Snow who transformed the way scientists study diseases by 10.________(use) maps and statistics.
Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思以及黑体短语的中文意思)
1.The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet._______________
2.If he seems a little defensive，it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods._______________
3.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. _______________
4.Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch，but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire._______________
5.All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn._______________
6.Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new._______________
7.And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise._______________
8.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music，you should start here. _______________
9.By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches ... _______________
10.As any younger brother will tell you，having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow，especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”._______________
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.People have been ________(pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
2.In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people “corrected” official calendars by ________(shift) dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.
3.The police have arrested ________suspect in a series of killings in the city.
4.All the people，men and women，young and old，were fighting against the flood ________defence of their own homes.
5.As planned，we will hold a talent show ________everyone can show their brilliant performances.
Ⅲ.词汇与高考写作链接
1.赏词猜义(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思以及黑体短语的中文意思)
(1)①The businessman subscribed to an environmental action group._______________
②Most of today’s youngsters prefer to subscribe to their favourite journals online._______________
③I’ve personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other._______________
(2)①How much do you charge for a cut and blow-dry _______________
②His boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away._______________
③He was charged with murder and sentenced to death._______________
(3)①He came down with illness last night and was rushed to the nearby hospital._______________
②It’s quite out of my expectation that the computer price can come down so much._______________
③It is said that the custom has come down to us from our ancestors._______________
(4)①I turned the handle and found the door was open._______________
②To tell the truth，I don’t know if I can handle the job._______________
(5)The research lacks solid proof，and therefore its conclusions are doubtful._______________
(6)①Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years._______________
②Are you on the night shift or the day shift _______________
(7)He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents._______________
2.完成句子
(1)Responding to the call of the government，people ________________(想出) different methods to deal with pollution. Some of them were practical.
(2)Don’t always ________(把……归咎于) your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are ____________(应该受责备).
(3)He was so humorous that his funny stories ________________(让我们笑个不停) all the way.
(4)______________________(他如此害怕) that he didn’t dare to move an inch.(so位于句首的倒装句)
(5)I’m fully aware that it’s the experience from my life abroad that ________________(已经彻底改变了我).
(6)Human beings hunt wild animals for a big profit，which，of course，____________________(导致……的急剧减少) in the number of animals.
(7)The setting sun shone on us，________________________(把我们的影子投在) on the road.
(8)The storyteller was telling us a story ______________(用生动的方式) as if he ____________(经历过) it himself.
3.品词赏句
(1)The fear was like an electric shock，pumping shivering waves tearing through his body and making his hair stand on end.
这种恐惧就像电击一样，颤抖的电波在他的身体里翻腾，使他毛骨悚然。
(2)As I was ready to bear his stormy blame，he began to crack jokes to comfort me.
正当我准备承受他猛烈的责备时，他开始讲笑话来安慰我。
(3)He turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning.
听到把手转动的声音，他向门那边看去。
(4)This event turned out to be a great success，convincing us that it’s our duty to aim high while doing solid work.这次活动取得了巨大的成功，让我们相信，在扎实工作的同时，志存高远是我们的责任。
(5)He bent down，picked up several stones and cast them right at the window with all his might.
他弯下腰，捡起几块石头，用尽全力朝窗户扔去。
(6)He had barely stepped on the accelerator when the dense smoke devoured the area.In such an emergency，sweat poured from his head.Everyone held their breath.
他刚踩下油门，浓烟就吞噬了整个地区。在这种紧急情况下，他满头大汗。每个人都屏住了呼吸。
(7)As the concept of environmental protection draws increasing concern，water conservation，which is vital for the survival of humans as well as other species，has engaged growing public attention.
随着环境保护的概念日益受到关注，对人类和其他物种的生存至关重要的水资源保护已经引起了越来越多的公众关注。
(8)This sense gives me a headache and makes me jump from envy to severe hate.
这种感觉让我头疼，让我从嫉妒发展到极度憎恨。
(9)The West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful Hangzhou.
西湖就像一颗璀璨的明珠，镶嵌在美丽的杭州。
4.语篇美文
假定你是李华，你校将举办以“The Person I Admire Most”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
(1)你敬佩的人的简介；(2)敬佩的原因。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[参考范文]
Good morning，ladies and gentlemen!
Through the river of history，millions of dedicated people have contributed to the development of human civilisation. Among them，Lin Qiaozhi，a specialist in women’s diseases，is the one I admire most.
As a doctor，she devoted herself to the establishment and advancement of OB-GYN department in China until the day she died. Known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，she threw herself into tending the lives of countless mothers and children. Excellent as she was，she always remained humble. Lin’s deeds serve as a shining example for us to follow.
My dear fellows，role models like Lin Qiaozhi truly inspire us to explore the true meaning of life. Learn from them and be one of them. Thanks!
选择性必修第二册
Unit 1　Science and Scientists
第一层　教材夯基提能
第一步：理词汇
Ⅰ.3.微生物；细菌；病菌　4.泵；抽水机；打气筒　5.household
6.blame　7.handle　8.raw　9.decrease　10.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的　14.virus　15.framework　16.solid　17.cast　18.shadow
20.pour　21.concrete　22.trace　23.outstanding　24.abstract　25.concept　27.furthermore　28.fault　29.shift
Ⅱ.1.severely　2.frustration　3.contradictory　4.infection
5.subscribe　6.proof　7.multiple　8.suspicious　9.intervention　10.purify　11.transform　12.find　13.initially　14.theoretical　15.patriotic　16.mechanical　17.defence　18.assistance
19.leadership　20.gifted　21.astronomer　22.brilliance　23.vividly
24.steady　25.thinking
一、1.handle　2.virus　3.blame　4.raw　5.fault　6.outstanding
7.Furthermore　8.shadows　9.shifted　10.solid　11.decrease　12.abstract　13.substantial　14.household　15.trace　16.statistics
17.concept　18.framework
二、1.Initially　2.assistant　3.steadily　4.thinking　5.proof
6.infections　7.transformation　8.vividly　9.purify　10.suspects　11.brilliance　12.frustration　13.mechanical； mechanic　14.gifted
15.leadership　16.contradictory
第二步：辨短语
必会短语
1.once and for all　2.subscribe to　3.water pump　4.thanks to
5.theoretical framework　6.break out　7.in charge of　8.come down with　9.above all
出彩短语
1.frustrated　4.birth　5.in general　12.from　14.capable　16.aspects
18.on
三、1.subscribed to　2.suspect； of　3.were to blame　4.once and for all
5.Thanks to　6.in charge of　7.broke out　8.above all
9.came down with　10.had a great impact　11.discourage； from
12.finding fault with　e to solid conclusions　14.attend to
第三步：明句式
1.is that　2.have your English improved　It seemed that　3.how to polish the language in the short play　4.studying harder　5.are likely to
第四步：析语篇
1.had　2.that　3.was caused　4.Consequently　5.that　6.determined
7.been infected　8.likely　9.to blame　10.using
第二层　高考拓展视角
Ⅰ.1.adj.巨大的　2.adj.存有戒心的　3.adj.可靠的　4.n.家庭
5.adj.多种的　6.adv.最初　7.v.泵送　8.adj. 绝妙的　9.n.故障
10.在某人的阴影之下
Ⅱ.1.pouring　2.shifting　3.a　4.in　5.where
Ⅲ.1.(1)①定期捐款　②订阅　③同意　(2)①v.收费　②负责
③v.指控　(3)①患(病)　②降低,下降　③流传下来　(4)①n.把手
②v.应付　(5)adj.可靠的　(6)①v.转变　②n.当班时间
(7)n.摘要
2.(1)came up with　(2)blame　to blame　(3)had us laughing
(4)So frightened was he　(5)has totally transformed me　(6)results in a sharp decrease　(7)casting our shadows　(8)in a vivid way； had experienced