文体1:记叙文
记叙文类完形填空在高考中占的比例较大,记叙文主要可分为叙事和记人两种形式,用以表达作者的思想、抒发作者的情感。记叙文类文体主要包括句内层次、句组层次和语篇层次三条主线。
@名师敲重点
高考真题 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
I’ve been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles. To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 47 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride. The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 . That day, I got 52 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 53 .
I’ve 54 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41.A.knew B.held C.won D.quit
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
42.A.regularly B.silently C.proudly D.recently
43.A.asking B.looking C.waiting D.training
44.A.made B.believed C.hated D.deserved
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
45.A.advantage B.achievement C.contribution D.influence
46.A.way B.risk C.place D.reason
一句多空重关联,字里行间皆暗示
47.A.gave up B.went on C.turned to D.dealt with
48.A.heard B.dreamed C.complained D.approved
49.A.painted B.borrowed C.bought D.parked
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
50.A.problem B.secret C.principle D.advice
51.A.dangers B.events C.opponents D.challenges
利用“语境暗示分析法”解题
52.A.passed B.convinced C.admired D.stopped
53.A.reliable B.convenient C.familiar D.appealing
利用“情感分析法”解题拆词解意巧推派生词
54.A.traveled B.matured C.missed D.worried
55.A.limits B.datesC.goals D.tests
根据故事走向、全文主旨解题
长难句分析:Between the girl and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only
that引导宾语从句
46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was
省略关系词的定语从句,修饰the only reason
running after me!
(1)快速通读全文,从宏观上抓住文章主线,理清文章脉络。
写作要素:弄清记叙文的六要素,把握故事的发生、发展和结局。
When: When I was a teenager
Where: neighborhood, San Diego
Who: I, a friend, a girl
What: running, cycling
Why: be motivated by other’s achievements
How: set goals for myself
(2)细读文章,从微观上利用三层次突破完形填空。
分类1 句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内,在读懂文意的前提下,利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。做此类题目时,考生可以边读边结合已掌握信息做出选择。
句内层次题 利用逻辑关系解题。根据句子内部之间的逻辑关系确定答案。
利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空前与空后、句内的已知信息推断该句含义,再由语境信息推断空处所描述的细节。
利用对应成分分析法解题。根据句内的逻辑关系找出与未知题空相对应的已知成分,将它作为线索推出空处答案。
利用习惯搭配和固定结构解题。运用习惯搭配、固定结构及固定句式解题。
利用生活常识和文化背景解题。运用文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情、中西文化差异解题。
42 句内 层次 根据上文的“Feeling motivated”可知,“我”受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励,开始定期跑步。故选A项。
43 句内 层次 根据下文的“a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,这个女生告诉“我”她在为一个52.4英里的双程马拉松比赛而进行训练。故选D项。
46 句内 层次 根据下文的“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知,“我”下定决心,只有被狗追赶,“我”才会再次跑步,这是“我”再次跑步的唯一原因或理由。故选D项。
49 句内 层次 根据上文的“While she was at work one day”可知,姐姐上班去了,“我”借她的自行车出去兜风。故选B项。
50 句内 层次 根据下文的“The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,那里的路穿过大山谷,所以“我”需要一次骑好几英里的上坡路,这是“我”遇到的问题。故选A项。
52 句内 层次 根据下文的“by about 100 'local' bikers who were used to such roads”可知,当地自行车手习惯了在这种上坡路上骑行,所以此处指的是“我”被大约100名当地自行车手超过了。故选A项。
55 句内 层次 根据下文的“I set for myself, they just have to be my own”可知,此处指无论“我”为自己设定什么目标,都必须是(适合)“我”自己的目标。故选C项。
分类2 句组层次题
句组层次题的解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组意群中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答,即本句信息不足时,设空处前后再找信息源。
句组层次题 利用语义复现解题。通过文章中原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同根词或代词的语义复现选出正确答案。
利用作者态度和情感色彩解题。找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇,一般是名词、动词、形容词和副词。
利用逻辑关系解题。利用上下文体现出的因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系等逻辑关系来解题。
利用语境暗示分析法解题。通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。
44 句组 层次 根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”及“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知,“我”讨厌跑步。故选C项。
45 句组 层次 根据上文女生为52.4英里的双程马拉松比赛进行训练,而“我”最长的跑步距离才15英里可知,和她相比,“我”的成就显得微不足道。故选B项。
48 句组 层次 根据上文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”及下文的“entering cycle races”可知,“我”梦想着参加自行车比赛。故选B项。
51 句组 层次 根据上文的“The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,“我”从未遇到过这样的挑战。故选D项。
53 句组 层次 根据上文“我”在上坡路上骑行遇到的挑战及被当地自行车手赶超可知,“我”应该很受挫,所以回家后觉得骑自行车不再那么有吸引力了。故选D项。
分类3 语篇层次题
语篇层次题需要阅读全篇,站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。
语篇层次题 利用首尾呼应关系解题。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,顺利入题。
利用文章发展脉络解题。根据故事的开端、发展、高潮、结局等不同情节,梳理文章发展脉络,理清行文结构。
41 语篇 层次 根据上文的“I’ve been motivated... by other folks’ achievements”及下文的“Feeling motivated”可知,“我”被朋友取得的成就所激励,因此邻居朋友应是赢得了马拉松比赛,won符合语境。故选C项。
47 语篇 层次 由上文“我”讨厌跑步及下文的cycling可知,“我”对跑步失去兴趣,改为骑自行车。故选C项。
54 语篇 层次 通过“我”的两次经历及下文的“I’ve come to accept that...”可知,“我”应该是成熟了许多。故选B项。
(3)将选项代入原文,通读一遍,读原文是否流畅,语意是否连贯,进行验证和确定答案。
“5原则”快定最佳答案
原则1 答案紧扣情节线索、故事走向
完形填空材料多为故事类记叙文。故事一般都围绕一定的线索展开,而线索往往在故事的开头就已出现。所以,研读故事的开头,找准故事的主线,预测故事的走向,是快速选定答案的有效方法。
原则2 答案为某一/某些核心词的复现
完形填空的语篇整体上围绕一个大话题展开,而通常每个部分又围绕一个小话题展开,那么与话题相关的词汇免不了重复出现。所以,关注上下文,寻找词语复现现象是解完形填空题的一个重要手段。词语复现的常见情况:原词复现、近义词复现、上义词复现、下义词复现、反义词复现、概述词复现、同范畴词复现等。
原则3 答案要与话题词汇匹配
围绕一个话题展开的内容,所用词汇在整体方向、感彩、连贯性、逻辑关系、衔接乃至修辞手法上,都要匹配。找到某一选项与周围词汇的特定关联,通常就找到了答案。
原则4 答案与上下文高度关联
在一个句子内,几个句子间,甚至段落之间,常存在着一种前后呼应的关系。而一篇文章内也往往有铺垫,结尾处也多会呼应前面的铺垫。做题时注意“瞻前顾后”,把握住大大小小的呼应,这是做完形填空题时快速锁定答案的诀窍之一。
原则5 答案要与整体语境切合
有时候,从语法、语义和搭配角度分析,不止一个选项能入选。这时就要看整体语境了,正确答案必须与整体语境相切合。
@名题抢分练
Test 1
体裁:记叙文 词数:251
话题:值班父亲团 建议用时:15分钟
Gang(团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School. Some community activists held a(n) 1 meeting with parents and the principal. A group of the fathers 2 decided it was time to make their 3 known on campus.
That’s how Dads on Duty was born with its goal-make sure the kids are 4 . Around 40 men were organized into six-person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day. They 5 the day after the meeting. These people 6 their own schedules and commitments without complaint. Some of them are fathers of kids at the school, while others are not but expect the youth in their community to know they have a(n) 7 village behind them.
Now, anyone who wants to enter the school with 8 will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes. It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just 9 you into checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied.
Since Dads on Duty arrived on campus, gang battles have 10 declined. “The school has been 11 . You can feel it,” said one student. Another told The Washington Post, “They 12 all the kids like we’re their own children.”
The dads aren’t meant to 13 security guards. If they do see a(n) 14 may occur, they get security on the scene as soon as possible. Their presence is meant to be more 15 than reactionary.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国一所高中的校园里,有一个值班的队伍由父亲组成,被称为“值班父亲团”。他们的存在让校园的帮派现象变少,让校园欢快起来。
1.A.regular B.difficult C.emergency D.scheduled
答案:C
解析:根据上文的“Gang(团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School.”可知,因为帮派现象愈演愈烈,所以一些社区活跃分子和父母、校长举行了一次紧急(emergency)会议。scheduled“按时刻表的”。故选C。
2.A.on duty B.in attendance C.at work D.under guard
答案:B
解析:根据上文的“Some community activists held a(n) 1 meeting with parents and the principal.”可知,父母参与了会议,所以此处应是出席的(in attendance)父亲们。at work“在工作”;under guard“在看守下”。故选B。
3.A.voice B.status C.effort D.presence
答案:D
解析:根据下文的“known on campus”并结合上文内容可知,应是让大家知道他们的存在(presence)。status“地位”。故选D。
4.A.safe B.hardworking C.healthy D.equal
答案:A
解析:根据上文的“Gang(团伙) tensions were rising... and the principal.”可知,因为帮派关系逐渐紧张,父亲们才参与会议。故可推知,此处是说目的是确保校园内孩子们是安全的(safe)。hardworking“努力的”;equal“平等的”。故选A。
5.A.practiced B.started C.gathered D.prepared
答案:B
解析:根据上文的“Around 40 men were organized into six-person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day.”可知,父亲们开始分工,大约40名男子组成6人班,每天在校园内两班。之后父亲们就开始(started)值班。gather“聚集”。故选B。
6.A.check B.maintain C.sacrifice D.arrange
答案:C
解析:根据下文的“without complaint”可知,父亲们个个毫无抱怨地主动牺牲(sacrifice)自己的时间和事情。maintain“保持”。故选C。
7.A.large B.wild C.entire D.local
答案:C
解析:根据上文的“expect the youth in their community to know”以及下文的“village behind them”并结合选项可知,此处表达“他们背后有全(entire)社区的支持”。故选C。
8.A.confusion B.anger C.fright D.shock
答案:B
解析:根据下文的“will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes”可知,需要避开父亲们的笑容和玩笑。结合选项可知,应是带着愤怒(anger)的人需要避开父亲们,且anger与空后的big smiles相对应。故选B。
9.A.tricked B.persuaded C.forced D.scared
答案:A
解析:根据下文的“checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied”可知,无数次检查你的鞋带,却发现它们实际上并没有开,所以应是欺骗(tricked)你检查。persuade“说服”;force“强迫”;scare“惊吓”。故选A。
10.A.never B.unexpectedly C.further D.dramatically
答案:D
解析:根据语境和常识可知,自从父亲们进入校园值班,校园帮派斗争明显(dramatically)减少了。unexpectedly“意外地”。故选D。
11.A.happy B.curious C.cautious D.innovative
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,校园帮派斗争明显减少,校园不再令人恐惧,学生们有安全感,校园变得欢快(happy)了。curious“好奇的”;cautious“小心的”;innovative“创新的”。故选A。
12.A.yell at B.interact with C.make fun of D.look up to
答案:B
解析:根据语境“像我们是他们自己的孩子一样”可知,此处描述的是父亲们和孩子们之间的交往方式。yell at“对……大声叫喊”;interact with“与……互动”;make fun of“嘲笑”;look up to“仰慕”。故选B。
13.A.change B.post C.replace D.criticize
答案:C
解析:根据下文的“they get security on the scene as soon as possible”可知,父亲们会呼叫保安,所以不是来替代(replace)他们的。故选C。
14.A.debate B.theft C.fight D.instance
答案:C
解析:根据语境并结合选项可知,当父亲们确定看到可能出现校园打斗(fight)现象时,他们会尽快呼叫保安。故选C。
15.A.practical B.extraordinary C.temporary D.preventive
答案:D
解析:根据上文的“If they do see a(n) 14 may occur, they get security on the scene as soon as possible.”可知,看到可能发生打斗就会尽快呼叫保安,提前预防,所以他们的存在更多的是预防性质的(preventive)。practical“实际的”;extraordinary“非同寻常的”;temporary“临时的”。故选D。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①tension n. 紧张;紧张局势 ②activist n. 积极分子,活跃分子 ③shift n.轮班 v. 转移;变换 ④commitment n. 承诺;奉献,投入 ⑤security n. 安全 ⑥reactionary adj. 反动的,保守的 n. 反动分子
[长难句分析]
(第三段第二句)It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just tricked you into checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied.
分析:It作形式主语,不定式短语为真正的主语;when引导时间状语从句;only to find...为结果状语;that引导宾语从句。
译文:当某人的叔叔骗你检查鞋带无数次,却发现它们其实没有解开时,你很难成为一个硬汉了。
Test 2
体裁:记叙文 词数:227
话题:难忘的旅行 建议用时:15分钟
When I was in third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to be more than just a 1 journey; it was a journey of discovery into our 2 .
Every day, Dad 3 us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming 4 . We went through diverse 5 from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West.
One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I 6 a particularly rough path. Frightened, I 7 , not knowing how to proceed. That’s when my parents 8 .
As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming 9 and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I 10 the confidence as my feet 11 solid ground again. When I finally overcame my fear, I felt we became 12 as a family.
From then on, every evening, we’d gather around a campfire for what we 13 called “Family Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we’d share laughter, 14 , and insights from the day’s experiences.
The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds formed when we face 15 together.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章以作者全家旅行途中发生的一个突发情况为切入点,在父母的共同帮助下,作者克服恐惧,重拾自信,并由此发现家人之间的关系更亲近了。
1.A.crowded B.physical C.creative D.necessary
答案:B
解析:根据上文中的“my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country”可知,这既然是一次难忘的旅行,就不能仅仅是身体上的(physical)消耗。crowded“拥挤的”;creative“创造(性)的”。故选B。
2.A.relationships B.potentials C.dreams D.inspirations
答案:A
解析:根据全文内容可知,通过旅途中的事件,让作者全家人关系更近了。由此可知,这不仅是身体上的旅行,更是一次探索家庭关系(relationships)的旅程。potential“潜力”;inspiration“灵感”。故选A。
3.A.guided B.encouraged C.comforted D.attracted
答案:A
解析:根据下文中的“his trusty road map”可知,父亲用地图的目的是指引(guided)“我们”。attract“吸引”。故选A。
4.A.events B.stations C.locations D.shows
答案:C
解析:根据上文中的“shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming”可知,母亲不仅分享各种民间故事,还画了关于即将到达的地点(locations)的图片。event“事件”。故选C。
5.A.cultures B.landscapes C.groups D.countries
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West”可知,作者全家经历了从茂密的森林到西部广阔的沙漠的各种景象,这些都属于沿途经历的风景(landscapes)。故选B。
6.A.imagined B.constructed C.smoothed D.encountered
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“while hiking through the Grand Canyon”可知,作者徒步大峡谷时,遇到(encountered)了一条特别崎岖的道路。construct“建造,建筑,修建”;smooth“使光滑”。故选D。
7.A.froze B.flew C.fell D.forgot
答案:A
解析:根据下文中的“not knowing how to proceed”可知,作者僵(froze)在那里,不知道如何继续前行。故选A。
8.A.reached down B.stood aside C.stepped in D.turned back
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me”可知,父母这个时候介入(stepped in)了,都在想方设法帮助作者。reach down“伸手去拿(高处的东西)”;stand aside“置身事外”;turn back“往回走”。故选C。
9.A.words B.worries C.noises D.thoughts
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,母亲用平静的话语(words)指导作者,让作者克服恐惧。故选A。
10.A.lost B.maintained C.demonstrated D.restored
答案:D
解析:根据上文可知,母亲平静的话语安抚了作者,因此作者恢复(restored)了信心。maintain“保持,维持”;demonstrate“证明,证实,说明”。故选D。
11.A.left B.broke C.found D.dug
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的again可知,之前作者不知道如何前进,经过父母的帮助,作者冷静下来,找到(found)坚实的地面。故选C。
12.A.nicer B.tougher C.braver D.closer
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“When I finally overcame my fear”可知,作者在父母的帮助下,战胜了恐惧。经过本次事件,一家人关系更亲密(closer)了。故选D。
13.A.originally B.affectionately C.frequently D.nearly
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,历经此事,全家每晚都会聚集在篝火旁,亲切地(affectionately)称之为“家庭反思时间”。originally“原先,最初”;frequently“频繁地”。故选B。
14.A.sympathies B.conflicts C.tears D.profits
答案:C
解析:根据上文描述的大家聚在篝火旁反思可知,全家人一起分享欢笑和眼泪(tears),还有一天的经历。sympathy“同情”;conflict“冲突”。故选C。
15.A.challenges B.defeats C.oppositions D.uncertainties
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route”可知,这次旅行使作者懂得,旅行的真正意义不仅仅是关于到达目的地,而是关于路途中的个人成长以及面对困难时建立的家庭纽带。作者经历了一次挑战,感觉家人的关系更近了。因此得出结论:家庭纽带是在共同面对挑战(challenges)时形成的。uncertainty“不确定性”。故选A。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①trusty adj. 可信任的,可信赖的 ②upcoming adj. 即将发生(或来临)的 ③proceed v. 继续做;行进,前往 ④foothold n. 立足点;立足处 ⑤session n. 会议,会期;一场,一节
[长难句分析]
(第三段第二句)Frightened, I froze, not knowing how to proceed.
分析:Frightened为形容词作状语;not knowing...为现在分词短语作状语;how to proceed作宾语。
译文:我感到害怕,僵在那里,不知道该怎么继续前行。
文体2:夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议文类完形填空具有记叙与议论的双重性,语言用词地道,蕴含着深刻的寓意。这是高考英语完形填空中有难度的,也是高频的一类体裁。夹叙夹议类文体主要包括事例→观点、观点→事例、观点→事例→观点三条主线。
@名师敲重点
高考真题 (2023·全国甲卷改编)
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we stayed there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 1 its way down the hill toward us. It was a 2 called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 3 for him to make. But when
[易错点]考生因未掌握gesture的一词多义而错选。
we looked at the tomatoes, we were 4 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 5 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. These can’t be any good, we thought. But we were 6 his kindness, so we 7 them.
[易错点]考生因忽视与空处较远的语境信息而错选。
What we discovered is that it’s 8 to
[易错点]部分考生忽视了构词法中一般前缀改变词义、后缀改变词性的规律,没有掌握单词的多种变换形式,从而误判,错选。
judge what you eat only by its 9 . Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 10 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 11 memory of those. It’s a surprise that they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 12 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 13 .
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 14 , and as close as possible to where they were grown. What Mario had 15 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
1.A.making B.searching C.squeezing D.feeling
利用“常识法”解题
2.A.customer B.neighbor C.relative D.passenger
3.A.choice B.comment C.promise D.gesture
4.A.worried B.moved C.thrilled D.bored
利用“情感分析法”解题
5.A.simple B.real C.shiny D.fun
6.A.sympathetic to B.thankful for
C.cautious about D.interested in
利用“情感分析法”解题
7.A.tried B.sold C.returned D.mixed
8.A.unnecessary B.uncertain C.unwise D.unusual
拆词解意巧推派生词
9.A.appearance B.quality C.origin D.price
10.A.smell B.look C.become D.work
11.A.happy B.vivid C.short D.vague
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
12.A.clean B.check C.count D.pack
13.A.perfect B.useful C.convenient D.familiar
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
句际关系看衔接,行文逻辑有标志
14.A.on view B.on saleC.in season D.in need
利用“常识法”解题
15.A.cooked B.given C.bought D.told
长难句分析:1.What we discovered is that it’s
What引导主语从句
8 to judge what you eat only by its 9 .
that引导表语从句;what引导宾语从句
2.Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me
that引导定语从句,修饰taste
of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a
省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,修饰ones
child.
3.It’s good to eat things at the correct time,
It作形式主语,to eat...为真 正的主语
when they’re 14 , and as close as possible
when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰correct time
to .
(1)通读全文,把握主旨要义。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子,盒子里是邻居自己种的西红柿和自酿的酒。刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表和酒的浑浊感到它们不是很好,但是尝试过后,发现它们比超市的好。这让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。
(2)细读文章,抓住记叙与议论的转换。
主线一:the first time we stayed there→bring us some tomatoes and a bottle of wine→we thought they can’t be any good
主线二:unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance→those tomatoes and the wine are perfect→remind us the taste of the Garfagnana
(3)挖掘叙事发展信息及论据,逐题分析试填。
1 下文 根据下文“coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知,马里奥开摩托车过来是给作者一家送东西的,所以make one’s way符合语境,为固定搭配,意为“前往”。故选A项。 [巧拓展]常和one’s way搭配构成的短语还有:lose one’s way迷路;force one’s way挤冲出一条路;push one’s way挤出去;feel one’s way摸索着前进;wind one’s way蜿蜒前行;fight one’s way奋勇前进。
2 上下文 根据上文“we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 1 its way down the hill toward us”以及最后一段最后一句“What Mario had 15 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.”可知,马里奥是从山上下来的,送来了当地的食物。由此可推测,此处是指作者的邻居。故选B项。
3 上文 根据上文“coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知,马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒,所以是友好的表示。故选D项。 [gesture熟义]n. ①姿势,手势;②表示
4 下文 根据下文“because they were so misshapen”可知,西红柿是畸形的,所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。
5 上文 根据上文“not at all like the nice, round”可知,设空处是在形容超市里的西红柿,和上文的“nice, round”并列;再结合选项可知,此处应是“shiny(闪亮的)”,符合语境。故选C项。[类词巧记]常见的名词词尾加-y变形容词的有:①与人相关的有angry,hungry,healthy,wealthy,funny等;②与环境、天气相关的有icy,noisy,shiny,muddy,foggy,messy等;③与口感相关的有tasty,juicy等。
6 上文 根据上文“It was a 2 called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知,西红柿和酒是邻居送的,所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。[联想快记]表示“感谢某人”的短语还有be grateful for。
7 下文 根据下文“Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知,马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。由此推知,作者一家尝试了马里奥送来的东西。故选A项。 [敲黑板]部分题目的4信息与空处距离较远,这种情况下,考生一定要有耐心,切忌主观臆断匆忙做出选择。
8 上下文 结合上下文内容可知,作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的,对其感到担心。但是后来发现,它的味道比超市的西红柿要好。所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。 [派生法]unwise是由wise派生而来的,wise是形容词,表示“明智的”,加表示否定的前缀un-,构成了unwise,表示“不明智的”。unnecessary“不必要的”;uncertain“不确定的”;unusual“不寻常的”也是相同的构词法。
9 上文 根据上文“we were 4 because they were so misshapen”可知,此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。
10 上文 根据上文“not at all like the nice, round, 5 things you get in a supermarket”可知,超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。[类词拓展]sound听起来;smell闻起来;taste尝起来;feel感觉起来。
11 上文 根据上文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 10 perfect but taste of water.”可知,超市的西红柿看起来很好,但是吃起来像水,因此没有人将会有那些快乐的记忆。故选A项。
12 上文 根据上文“It’s a surprise that they haven’t managed to grow square ones”并结合常识可知,方形的易包装。故选D项。
13 上文 根据上文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知,此处表示转折;再结合选项可知,此处应表示“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的,而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的,但它是完美的”。故选A项。
14 上文 根据上文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知,在合适的时间,也就是当令的时候。故选C项。 [积累拓展]类似的“in +n. ”构成的短语还有:in addition此外;in advance事先,预先;in person亲自,亲身;in order准备好;in public公开地;in time及时;in vain徒劳地。
15 上文 根据上文“It was a 2 called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知,此处应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。
“9技法”巧解难题(1)
技法1 通读全文明大意,细研首句定方向
文章 大意 根据首句给出的提示,借助文中的关键词,了解文章大意。快速通读全文,抓住主线,理清脉络,把握全篇。
技法2 主题决定核心词,词汇复现是关键
词汇复现 原词复现:同一词汇重复出现。
同义/近义/反义词复现:意义相同/相近/相反的词汇复现。
上义/下义词复现:总结或分述的词汇复现。
同根词复现:词形变化的词汇复现。
代词复现:代替上下文中名词的代词。
技法3 围绕话题找意群,上下求索巧关联
上下求索 站在作者的角度,分析上下文语境。
下文和最后的题目从上文内容中找线索。
开头的题目从下文中找线索。
技法4 句际关系看衔接,行文逻辑有标志
逻辑关系 对立关系(包括让步、转折):常见词(短语)有but, however, yet, regardless of, instead of等。
并列和递进关系:常见词(短语)有and, even, neither... nor..., not only... but also...等。
目的和因果关系:常见词(短语)有because, for, since, as, thus, therefore, in order that, in case等。
条件关系:常见词(短语)有if, unless, whether, on condition that, provided that等。
时间关系:常见词(短语)有before, since, as, until, when, at the moment, as soon as等。
层次和顺序关系:常见词(短语)有besides, firstly, first, secondly, second, to begin with, in addition, what’s more等。
例证关系:常见短语有all in all, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, for example等。
技法5 固定搭配多积累,结合语境巧变通
固定搭配 动词短语:sign up, calm down, check in, check out, head off等。
介词短语:due to, instead of, apart from, as for, owing to等。
@名题抢分练
Test 1
体裁:夹叙夹议文 词数:349
话题:互帮互助 建议用时:15分钟
In 2024, Tomas Quinones undertook a 7-day bike trip, covering some remote desert in Oregon. His trip was 1 by the usual difficulties. He lost his shoes and was only relying on a pair of sandals(凉鞋). His water supply was sometimes 2 . But there were also moments of unexpected 3 : A couple offered to share their lunch; a guy in the truck asked if he needed any help.
On the sixth day of his trip, he was riding down a dusty track when he met a man lying unconscious in the desert. 4 , he was dehydrated(脱水的). Quinones tried to give him some water with little 5 . Luckily, he called the emergency rescue team and an ambulance soon arrived. The man he 6 was an explorer who had been lost in the desert for 5 days. “I never had any 7 about what I would do,” said Quinones. He had received some gestures of help on the trip, so he 8 .
It’s likely that if you’ve spent any time in the wild, you’ll have 9 these gestures of kindness from strangers or given them yourself-even if they are nothing so 10 as the aid given by Quinones.
What is it about being outside, in nature, that makes people want to help others? One opinion is that in the wild, there may not be any other 11 , so according to the “bystander effect”, the more people who are in the presence of someone needing help, the less likely any of those people are to actually provide it. Another opinion is that exposure to nature can make people look beyond themselves, 12 a sense of connection to others and to the world as a whole.
When we risk going into the wild, we become weak. And being in that position usually makes us 13 the world differently. So, in the wild, where we’re taken away from our normal possessions, surroundings and identities, we seem more 14 to go the extra mile for someone. It’s in nature that bonds of humanity are 15 .
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Quinones经常在野外骑行,他接受过别人的帮助,也帮助过别人。有一次,他救助了一个因脱水而晕倒的探险家。那么,人们为什么在野外的时候愿意帮助别人呢?作者陈述了两个观点。
1.A.flooded B.marked C.covered D.connected
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“He lost his shoes... water supply was sometimes 2 .”可知,此处讲他在旅行中遇见了一些常见的困难。mark在此作动词,意为“赋予……特征”,属于一词多义的用法。flood“(被)淹没”;cover“覆盖,遮盖”;connect“联结,连接”。故选B。
2.A.unbelievable B.unusual C.unsafe D.uncertain
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“usual difficulties”可知,此处表示骑行中常见的困难:有时候水源供应是不确定的(uncertain)。unbelievable“非常好(或坏、极端)的,难以置信的,惊人的”;unusual“特别的,不寻常的,罕见的”;unsafe“不安全的,危险的”。故选D。
3.A.kindness B.appreciation C.belief D.comfort
答案:A
解析:空后的冒号表明本空是对后面内容的概括。结合空后的“A couple offered to share their lunch; a guy in the truck asked if he needed any help.”可知,此处表示意想不到的善意(kindness)。appreciation“欣赏,鉴赏;感激”;belief“信仰,信念”;comfort“舒服,舒适;安慰”。故选A。
4.A.Unexpectedly B.Unfortunately C.Obviously D.Shortly
答案:C
解析:根据上文中的“a man lying unconscious in the desert”和下文中的“Quinones tried to give him some water”可知,显然(Obviously)这个人脱水晕倒了。unexpectedly“出乎意料地,意外地”;unfortunately“不幸地,遗憾地”;shortly“不久,很快”。故选C。
5.A.confidence B.success C.survival D.relief
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“Luckily, he called the emergency rescue team”可知,尽管Quinones给晕倒的人喂了水,但是几乎没有成功(success)。于是,他拨打了紧急救援队的电话。confidence“自信,信心;信任”;survival“继续生存,存活,幸存”;relief“宽慰,轻松;(疼痛或不快的)减轻,消除”。故选B。
6.A.rescued B.accompanied C.knew D.admired
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“Quinones tried to give him some water... he called the emergency rescue team”可知,Quinones救(rescued)了这个晕倒的人。accompany“陪伴,陪同;伴随”;admire“钦佩,仰慕;欣赏”。故选A。
7.A.decision B.sense C.doubt D.surprise
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“if you’ve spent... these gestures of kindness from strangers or given them yourself”可知,在旅行中,接受帮助或给予帮助都是平常的事。再结合上文对Quinones救助行为的描写可知,Quinones当时没有任何迟疑(doubt)。decision“决定,抉择”;sense“感觉;感觉官能;理解力;意义”。故选C。
8.A.got it back B.paid it forward C.carried it through D.did it over
答案:B
解析:根据上文的描述可知,Quinones在旅行中接受过别人的帮助,所以他知恩图报(paid it forward)。get back“找回”;carry through“成功完成;帮助……渡过难关”;do over“重做”。故选B。
9.A.made B.understood C.remembered D.experienced
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“He had received some gestures of help on the trip, so he 8 .”可知,如果你在野外待过一段时间,你很可能会经历(experienced)陌生人的善意举动或你自己也向他人提供帮助。understand“理解,懂得;了解”。故选D。
10.A.simple B.natural C.dramatic D.slight
答案:C
解析:根据上文中的“A couple offered... needed any help.”可以推测,一般人在野外经历的帮助是平常小事,并不像Quinones救助晕倒的人这么引人注目(dramatic)。simple“简单的;简朴的,朴素的”;natural“自然的;天然的”;slight“轻微的,少量的”。故选C。
11.A.help B.choice C.luck D.sign
答案:A
解析:结合常识可知,在野外可能没有任何其他的帮助(help)。此题也可以根据词汇复现去解答。根据下文提到的“someone needing help”可知,此处表示帮助。choice“选择,抉择”;sign“标志;迹象;示意动作,手势”。故选A。
12.A.bringing B.promoting C.keeping D.providing
答案:B
解析:根据上文中的“exposure to nature can make people look beyond themselves”可知,接触大自然可以使人们超越自我,这就会促进(promoting)人们与他人和整个世界建立联系。provide“提供,供给;供应”。故选B。
13.A.adapt to B.focus on C.travel around D.look at
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“exposure to nature... as a whole”可知,在野外,人们看待(look at)世界的方式不同。adapt to“适应”;focus on“专注于”;travel around“在……四处旅行”。故选D。
14.A.pleased B.disappointed C.relaxed D.worried
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“exposure to nature... as a whole”和下文中的“go the extra mile for someone”可知,在野外,人们似乎更乐意(pleased)为了他人加倍努力。go the extra mile是固定短语,意为“加倍努力,尽心尽力”。disappointed“失望的,沮丧的”;relaxed“放松的,轻松的;舒适的,自在的”。故选A。
15.A.recovered B.loosened C.strengthened D.broken
答案:C
解析:上文讲到人们在野外更乐意为他人加倍努力,即帮助他人。由此可推知,在大自然中,人类的纽带会被加强(strengthened)。recover“恢复健康;康复”;loosen“(使)变松,松开;放宽”。故选C。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①unconscious adj. 无意识的 ②emergency n. 突发事件;紧急情况 ③gesture n. 举动;姿势 ④exposure n. 暴露;面临
[长难句分析]
(第四段第二句)One opinion is that in the wild, there may not be any other help, so according to the “bystander effect”, the more people who are in the presence of someone needing help, the less likely any of those people are to actually provide it.
分析:that引导表语从句;“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”意为“越……越……”;who引导定语从句,修饰people。
译文:一个观点是在野外可能没有其他的帮助,所以根据“旁观者效应”,越多在场的人需要帮助,那么提供的可能性就越小。
Test 2
体裁:夹叙夹议文 词数:193
话题:加油站善举 建议用时:15分钟
I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 1 , too. I managed to get to a gas station, but it was Sunday in the early fall, and there was no 2 on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for 3 the car.
I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 4 the heat when an older gentleman 5 to fuel his car. He asked about my car, and I 6 my predicament(困境). To my 7 , the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age, and then he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set.
Right then and there, this total 9 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were 10 to function. After about an hour, he 11 that my car was safe to finish the trip.
12 came at the hands of a stranger. 13 his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man 14 a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his 15 .
【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在回家途中车坏了,手机也没电了。她设法将车开到了加油站,然而加油站的修理工周末不上班。于是,作者只好在酷暑下等了几个小时。后来,加油站来了一位来加油的男士,他询问了作者的情况,说自己也有个和作者年纪相仿的女儿,并最终帮作者修好了车。作者感受到了来自陌生人的善意。
1.A.busy B.loud C.dead D.secure
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的too可知,此处讲到的情况和上文类似,上文中讲到了“my car broke down”,因此,此处应该会讲到手机也出问题了,没电不能用了。dead“(因为缺电)不运行的,不转动的”;secure“稳固的,可靠的”。故选C。
2.A.mechanic B.policeman C.manager D.guide
答案:A
解析:上文讲到了作者的车出了问题,结合生活常识可知,她去加油站是想修理它。结合上文中的“it was Sunday in the early fall”和生活常识可知,周末没有修理工(mechanic)上班。manager“(企业、店铺等的)经理,经营者,老板”;guide“向导,导游”。故选A。
3.A.washing B.parking C.purchasing D.maintaining
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“I was working my way through university then”和下文中的“my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long”可知,作者还是个大学生,几乎没有钱保养(maintaining)车。purchase“购买,采购”。故选D。
4.A.feel B.beat C.absorb D.produce
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“a hot September afternoon”可知,这是一个酷热的九月午后,作者在车旁坐了好几个小时,试图避(beat)暑。absorb“吸收,使并入,使全神贯注”。故选B。
5.A.promised B.refused C.stopped D.volunteered
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“to fuel his car”和常识可知,在作者等着的时候,有一个上了年纪的绅士停下(stopped)车来加油。promise“承诺,保证”;refuse“拒绝”;volunteer“自愿做,义务做”。故选C。
6.A.solved B.noticed C.escaped D.explained
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“He asked about my car”可知,这位绅士询问作者车的情况,作者应该会解释(explained)自己的困境。solve“解决,处理”;notice“留意,注意”;escape“逃跑,逃脱,逃避,摆脱”。故选D。
7.A.surprise B.regret C.amusement D.disappointment
答案:A
解析:根据上文可知,二人在谈论车的情况,因此,对于话题的突然转变“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”和这位绅士的行为“he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set”,作者应该会感到惊讶(surprise)。to one’s regret“令某人后悔的是”;to one’s amusement“令某人感到可笑的是”;to one’s disappointment“令某人失望的是”。故选A。
8.A.called up B.pulled out C.put down D.threw away
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed”可知,这位绅士从后备箱里拿出(pulled out)了工具箱,帮作者检查车况。call up“召唤,使想起”;put down“放下,镇压,写下”;throw away“扔掉,浪费(机会、优势或好处)”。故选B。
9.A.liar B.beginner C.stranger D.loser
答案:C
解析:此处考查词汇复现。根据上文描述和下文中的“at the hands of a stranger”可知,这位绅士是一个陌生人(stranger)。liar“骗子”;beginner“初学者”;loser“失败者”。故选C。
10.A.free B.ready C.uncertain D.unable
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long”和常识可知,作者很久没有换火花塞了,以至于她的车没有办法(unable)正常运转。uncertain“犹豫,无把握,不确定的”。故选D。
11.A.pronounced B.agreed C.discovered D.doubted
答案:A
解析:根据下文中的“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知,经过约一个小时的修理之后,这位绅士正式宣布(pronounced)作者的车可以安全地行驶接下来的路程了。discover“发现”;doubt“怀疑,不相信”。故选A。
12.A.Tiredness B.Kindness C.Loneliness D.Carefulness
答案:B
解析:根据上文叙述可知,这位陌生的绅士帮助作者修好了车,这充分说明了这位绅士的善意(Kindness)。tiredness“疲劳,疲倦”;loneliness“孤独,寂寞”。故选B。
13.A.Folding B.Drying C.Soiling D.Mending
答案:C
解析:根据常识可知,修车会弄脏人的衣服。fold“折叠”;dry“(使)变干,(把……)弄干”;soil“弄脏”;mend“修补,修理;解决(争端)”。故选C。
14.A.saved B.called C.judged D.banned
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“my car broke down”“I sat alongside my car for several hours”和“my car was safe to finish the trip”可知,这位绅士在作者等待了几个小时后出现,并最终帮作者修好了车,这将作者从不幸中拯救(saved)了出来。judge“判断”;ban“明令禁止,取缔”。故选A。
15.A.friend B.daughter C.co-worker D.customer
答案:B
解析:此处考查词汇复现。根据上文中的“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”和常识可知,这位绅士把作者当作自己的女儿(daughter)一样对待了,于是才出手帮助作者修车。co-worker“同事”;customer“顾客”。故选B。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①fuel v. 给……提供燃料 ②trunk n. 后备箱
[长难句分析]
(第三段第一句)Right then and there, this total stranger examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were unable to function.
分析:explaining...为现在分词短语作状语;as引导时间状语从句;that引导宾语从句;so... that...引导结果状语从句。
译文:就在那时,这位陌生人检查了我的发动机,一边工作一边解释说我的火花塞已经很久没有更换了,以至于无法正常工作。
文体3:说明文
说明文类完形填空的文章一般是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。此类文体主要有时态、语言和主题三条主线。
@名师敲重点
高考真题 (2022·全国乙卷改编)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. But our 5 research results in child developmental psychology 6 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2~4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 7 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 8 . We then asked the child if she could 9 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn’t 10 to her.
A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 11 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. Their 12 to the questions reflected their true 13 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply insist on mutual(相互的) recognition and regard. Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of
egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 15 when others use it.
1.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing
2.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick
3.A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced
细研首句定方向
4.A.supported B.guaranteed C.imagined D.interpreted
5.A.disappointing B.mixed C.surprising D.desired
6.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
行文逻辑有标志
7.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor
利用“同义词复现”解题
信息复现
8.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
9.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
10.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
围绕话题找意群,上下求索巧关联
11.A.comprehended B.predicted C.explored D.ignored
12.A.responses B.approaches C.contribution D.sensitivity
13.A.ability B.belief C.identity D.purpose
14.A.limitations B.requirements C.theories D.findings
15.A.tentative B.impressive C.creative D.effective
利用反义词复现解题
长难句分析:A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.that引导宾语从句;what引导宾语从句
明确说 明对象 快速通读全文,明确作者通过什么角度和侧面对哪一个事物加以说明。
厘清段 落关系 把握每段的说明侧重点,厘清段落之间的逻辑关系,从而加深对事物的理解。
搞清说 明顺序 弄清楚作者是按照时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序还是认知顺序来展开说明的,掌握说明顺序就能准确把握文章脉络,加深对文章的理解。
把握作 者态度 抓住体现作者态度的关键词句,有利于掌握作者的写作情感和意图。
(1)通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是,实验证明,孩子们捉迷藏时,只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果,而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
(2)细读文章,把握说明文顺序。
games of hide and seek→cover only their eyes→children are hopelessly “egocentric”→new idea→conclusion
(3)挖掘说明顺序,逐题分析试填。
1 下文 根据下文中的“making oneself unable to be seen”可推断,避开(escaping)别人的目光,使自己不被人看见,这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。故选C项。
2 下文 根据下文中的“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .”可知,他们常常只是用手遮住自己的眼睛,把身体其他部位暴露在外。由此可推断,他们不擅长隐藏。故选B项。
3 上文 根据上文中的“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知,他们常常只是用手遮住自己的眼睛,身体的其他部位是暴露在外的。故选A项。
4 下文 根据下文中的“as evidence that children... creatures”可知,这种无效的隐藏方法被认为(interpreted) [熟词生义]interpret 熟义:v. 传译,口译 生义:v. 把……理解为,领会 是儿童是一种完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。故选D项。
5 上下文 上文讲到了长期以来人们都把孩子们这种无效的隐藏方法看作他们是“以自我为中心”的生物的证据,但是根据最后一段的“it is not a result of egocentrism”可知,研究结果与人们之前一直持有的看法相矛盾,因此是令人意外的。故此处表示我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的(surprising)研究发现反驳了那个观点。故选C项。 [趋势解读]高考完形填空通过熟词生义、构词法、地道语块等增加试题难度的方法能有效地考查考生的学科基本知识和基本技能,也可以有效地考查考生的学习素养和学科思维能力。
6 下文 根据下文中的“In fact, children consider this method 15 when others use it.”可知,事实上,当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子们认为是有效的。所以此处表示,我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点。故选C项。 [解题线索]由空前的But可知,后文与前文为转折关系,所以contradicted that idea(与这一看法矛盾)符合语境。
7 上文 由上句中的children可知,此处是指每个孩子(child)都与一名成人坐在一起。故选B项。 [解题线索]Each child指代上句中的young children,为同义词复现。
8 下文 由下句中的hear可推断出,此处选“ears”。故选D项。
9 上文 由上句中的eyes可推断出,此处选“see”。故选A项。
10 上文 由上文的mouth可推断出,此处选“speak”。故选A项。
11 上文 根据上文中的“A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.”可知,孩子们理解(comprehended)这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。故选A项。
12 下文 根据下文中的“to the questions”可知,表示他们对这些问题的回答(responses)。故选A项。
13 上文 上文讲到孩子们理解这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么,故此处表示他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真实的看法(belief):“只有你也能看到我,我才能看到你。”故选B项。
14 上下文 上文讲到“我们”对孩子们进行了许多实验,因此,下文讲到的“when a child 'hides' by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism(当孩子在头上盖一条毯子”隐藏“时,这并不是自我中心主义的结果)”应该是研究结果(findings)。故选D项。
15 上文 设空处与上文中的“this ineffective hiding method”形成对比,表示事实上,当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子们认为它是有效的(effective)。故选D项。
“9技法”巧解难题(2)
技法6 细琢词汇画外音,褒贬语境话曲直
褒贬 语境 关注心理和神态描写。
揣摩感情倾向和意愿。
利用态度一致原则。
技法7 精析表达辨句式,平行结构有规律
平行 结构 通过标点符号体现。
通过连接平行结构的连词连接。意义相关,层次相同、句法功能相同的词组或句子。
技法8 广泛涉猎增见识,常识助你巧解题
生活 常识 考虑相关文化背景。
联系风俗习惯、文化历史等生活常识。
技法9 明显错误先排除,代入选项试翻译
代入 选项 排除法先排除明显错误选项。
代入法再将选项一一代入文章。
@名题抢分练
Test 1
体裁:说明文 词数:242
话题:非言语交流 建议用时:15分钟
When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non-verbal(非言语的) signals. That is to say, all the ways in which we 1 without words work out.
2 , in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 3 . Many work 4 now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off.
Parts of non-verbal communication have always 5 outside face-to-face interaction, of course. For example, these unnoticeable 6 could begin with a profile picture on your CV(简历); even deciding whether or not to add an emoji(表情符号) in a work group chat can change the 7 of the interaction.
Yet the new shift in where and how we work has 8 the world of non-verbal communication greatly. For instance, in video calls, the background can give all sorts of non-verbal 9 about co-workers’ lifestyles, 10 and level of professionalism. Let’s say, if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin(下巴), 11 others to look up, you begin to dislike him or her, almost 12 . Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 13 how likeable people are noticed to be.
In a new world where 14 working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non-verbally makes it 15 to understand others and to be understood.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。无论是在面对面工作中还是在互联网时代的远程工作中,非言语交流都很重要。以非言语的方式参与沟通会让你更容易理解别人,也更容易被别人理解。
1.A.unite B.communicate C.recognize D.cooperate
答案:B
解析:文章首句“When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non-verbal(非言语的) signals.”指的是,当面对面工作时,我们大多数人对非言语信号有一种自然的理解。结合所给选项可推知,空处所在句应指,面对面交流时,我们所有不用语言的交流方式都能起到作用。unite“团结”;communicate“交流”;recognize“识别出”;cooperate“合作”。故选B。
2.A.Besides B.However C.Otherwise D.Therefore
答案:B
解析:下文中的“in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 3 ”与第一段内容构成转折关系。otherwise“否则”;therefore“因此”。故选B。
3.A.important B.separable C.adventurous D.flexible
答案:A
解析:下文中的“even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off”是对此处内容的佐证,所以推测在数字化工作场所中,这种交流似乎不那么重要了。important“重要的”;separable“可分开的”;adventurous“有冒险精神的”;flexible“灵活的”。故选A。
4.A.conditions B.conversations C.seats D.paces
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“via online chats, and even video meetings”可知,此处是说,现在许多工作对话都是通过在线聊天进行的,甚至视频会议也可以在关闭摄像头的情况下进行。condition“状况”;conversation“对话”;seat“座位”;pace“步速”。故选B。
5.A.survived B.proved C.transformed D.existed
答案:D
解析:根据下文中的“a profile picture on your CV(简历); even deciding whether or not to add an emoji(表情符号) in a work group chat”可知,此处是说,部分非言语交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。survive“存活下来”;prove“证明”;transform“使转变”;exist“存在”。故选D。
6.A.signals B.maps C.journeys D.articles
答案:A
解析:下文中的“a profile picture on your CV(简历)”以及“emoji(表情符号) in a work group chat”都属于相互交流中给予对方的各种信号。signal“信号”;map“地图”;journey“旅行”;article“文章”。故选A。
7.A.milestone B.analysis C.feel D.study
答案:C
解析:结合语境和常识可知,此处说的是“甚至在工作群聊天中决定是否添加表情符号也会改变互动的感觉”。milestone“里程碑”;analysis“分析”;feel“感觉”;study“研究”。故选C。
8.A.quitted B.expanded C.failed D.reduced
答案:B
解析:根据常识和主语“the new shift”以及空后的宾语“the world of non-verbal communication greatly”可推测,此处表示“工作地点和工作方式上的新转变极大地扩展了非言语交流的范畴”。quit“离任”;expand“使扩大”;fail“使失望”;reduce“减少”。故选B。
9.A.information B.change C.application D.concern
答案:A
解析:此处在举例说明工作地点和工作方式的新转变扩大了非言语交流的范畴。结合常识可知,在视频通话中,背景可以提供关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非言语信息。information“信息”;change“变化”;application“申请”;concern“关心”。故选A。
10.A.meetings B.suggestions C.interests D.videos
答案:C
解析:参见上题解析。
11.A.inspiring B.forcing C.permitting D.warning
答案:B
解析:根据上文中的“a co-worker positions the camera below the chin(下巴)”并结合常识可知,如果一个同事把镜头放在下巴以下,那肯定会迫使其他人抬头看。inspire“激发”;force“迫使”;permit“允许”;warn“警告”。故选B。
12.A.continuously B.willingly C.carefully D.instantly
答案:D
解析:如果某个同事的行为导致其他人不舒服,那他会几乎马上招来其他人的反感。continuously“连续不断地”;willingly“心甘情愿地”;carefully“仔细地”;instantly“立刻”。故选D。
13.A.impact B.accomplish C.report D.harm
答案:A
解析:根据上文可知,非言语交流影响着人们互动的感觉。由此可知,此处是说,在视频通话过程中,摄像头角度、与摄像头的距离以及眼神接触的能力等因素都会影响人们的受欢迎程度。impact“影响”;accomplish“完成”;report“报告”;harm“伤害”。故选A。
14.A.diligent B.crazy C.remote D.abstract
答案:C
解析:上文提到的视频会议以及视频通话等都属于远程工作,再结合上文中的“In a new world”和常识可知,此处指的是“在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里”。diligent“勤奋的”;crazy“疯狂的”;remote“遥远的”;abstract“抽象的”。故选C。
15.A.easier B.harder C.more traditional D.more exciting
答案:A
解析:根据上文可知,非言语交流在人际交往中起着非常重要的作用,愿意以非言语的方式进行互动会使彼此之间更容易相互了解。故选A。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①via prep. 凭借,通过 ②professionalism n. 职业化;专业水平 ③likeable adj. 可爱的,讨人喜欢的
[长难句分析]
(最后一段)In a new world where remote working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non-verbally makes it easier to understand others and to be understood.
分析:where引导定语从句,修饰world;being willing to engage non-verbally为动名词短语作主语。
译文:在远程工作迅速发展的新世界中,愿意积极参与非言语交流使我们更容易理解他人,也更容易被理解。
Test 2
体裁:说明文 词数:232
话题:锻炼形式 建议用时:15分钟
Finding the right exercise for you depends on your motivations and preferences. If you’re looking to expand your social network, 1 a fitness class can be ideal as it allows you to bond with others 2 the same experience. If you’re worried about 3 , you can form a free running or walking group for free. Exercising with others has 4 benefits, too. A study found that people who exercised with others some or all of the time reported better physical and mental health than those who 5 exercised alone, even with less frequent exercise.
For those motivated by the body image, you can 6 whole-body activities like dancing, boxing, or mountain biking. These activities provide a comprehensive workout, offering various stress-relieving 7 all at once.
But if you 8 exercising alone, bodyweight exercises like push-ups can yield similar results. Insure you 9 exercises suitable for your age and fitness level.
Motivations, like improved 10 after serious illness, or increased happiness after a period of depression, are both 11 reasons to exercise regularly. And, activities like swimming, playing tennis, walking, or gardening can provide a 12 from busy days. While some may seem less 13 , any exercise is better than none. 14 , you can always adjust your 15 based on your changing needs.
Ultimately, the best exercise is the one that you enjoy and will consistently engage in.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了要根据动机和偏好找到适合自己的锻炼形式。
1.A.attending B.visiting C.assessing D.instructing
答案:A
解析:根据下文的“a fitness class”可知,参加健身课是理想的。attend意为“参加”,符合语境。visit“访问”;assess“评估”;instruct“指导”。故选A。
2.A.staring at B.going through C.searching for D.dreaming of
答案:B
解析:根据设空处所在句中的“as it allows you to bond with others 2 the same experience”可知,参加健身课让你有机会与有同样经历的人建立联系。go through 意为“经历”,符合语境。stare at“盯着看”;search for“搜索”;dream of“梦想”。故选B。
3.A.weather B.security C.costs D.profits
答案:C
解析:根据空前的If及下文“you can form a free running or walking group for free”可知,设空处应该和“免费的”构成反义;再根据常识可知,参加健身课需要付费。cost意为“费用”,符合语境。weather“天气”;security“安全”;profit“利润”。故选C。
4.A.environmental B.additional C.monthly D.economic
答案:B
解析:根据上文“expand your social network”可知,参加健身课和别人一起锻炼可以扩大社交网络;根据下文“people who exercised with others some or all of the time reported better physical and mental health than those...”可知,除了扩大社交圈,与他人一起锻炼还有另外的好处。additional意为“另外的;额外的”,符合语境。environmental“环境的”;monthly“每月的”;economic“经济的”。故选B。
5.A.seldom B.even C.only D.still
答案:C
解析:根据本句中的“people who exercised with others”及“those who 5 exercised alone”可知,此处将“和他人一起锻炼的人”与“只是单独锻炼的人(不和他人一起锻炼的人)”进行比较。only意为“只是,仅仅”,符合语境。seldom“很少”;even“甚至”;still“仍然”。故选C。
6.A.consider B.abandon C.promote D.identify
答案:A
解析:根据设空处所在句“For those motivated by the body image, you can 6 whole-body activities like dancing, boxing, or mountain biking.”可知,对于那些希望塑型的人,可以考虑全身活动,比如跳舞、拳击或山地骑行。consider意为“考虑”,符合语境。abandon“抛弃”;promote“促进”;identify“识别”。故选A。
7.A.tests B.games C.plans D.effects
答案:D
解析:根据上文“These activities provide a comprehensive workout”可知,这些活动提供了全面的锻炼,这是这些活动带来的好的效果;结合上文“offering various stress-relieving”可知,此处的伴随状语也是活动带来的效果。effect意为“效果”,符合语境。test“测试”;game“游戏”;plan“计划”。故选D。
8.A.dislike B.practice C.prefer D.suggest
答案:C
解析:根据下文“exercising alone, bodyweight exercises like push-ups can yield similar results”可知,在你喜欢单独锻炼的情况下,才会选择像俯卧撑之类的锻炼形式。prefer意为“更喜欢”,符合语境。dislike“不喜欢”;practice“练习”;suggest“建议”。故选C。
9.A.buy B.choose C.borrow D.continue
答案:B
解析:根据上文“bodyweight exercises like push-ups can yield similar results”和下文“exercises suitable for your age and fitness level”可知,无论选择哪种锻炼形式,都要确保选择适合你年龄和身体状况的。choose意为“选择”,符合语境。buy“买”;borrow“借”;continue“持续”。故选B。
10.A.health B.intelligence C.service D.comfort
答案:A
解析:根据本句中的“Motivations, like improved 10 after serious illness”和常识可知,重病之后应是希望改善健康状况。health意为“健康”,符合语境。intelligence“智力”;service“服务”;comfort“安慰”。故选A。
11.A.similar B.wrong C.common D.various
答案:C
解析:根据上文“Motivations, like improved 10 after serious illness, or increased happiness after a period of depression”和常识可知,重病之后改善健康状况、抑郁后提高幸福感等,都是常见的锻炼原因。common意为“常见的”,符合语境。similar“类似的”;wrong“错误的”;various“各种各样的”。故选C。
12.A.break B.signal C.permit D.degree
答案:A
解析:根据常识可知,游泳、打网球等锻炼可以让你在忙碌的日子里休息一下。break意为“休息”,符合语境。signal“信号”;permit“许可证”;degree“程度;学位”。故选A。
13.A.frequent B.professional C.appropriate D.active
答案:D
解析:根据上下文可知,虽然有些运动看起来活动量不是很大,但任何运动都比不运动好。active意为“(尤指体力上)活跃的”,符合语境。frequent“频繁的”;professional“专业的”;appropriate“合适的”。故选D。
14.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.However D.Moreover
答案:D
解析:根据上文“any exercise is better than none”和下文可知,此处应该都是在讲锻炼的好处和方便之处。moreover意为“另外”,符合语境。instead“相反”;otherwise“否则”;however“然而”。故选D。
15.A.diet B.routine C.address D.topic
答案:B
解析:根据上文可知,还可以根据需求来调整你的日常运动安排。routine意为“日常安排”,符合语境。diet“日常饮食”;address“地址”;topic“话题”。故选B。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①motivation n. 动机;动力 ②expand v. 扩大;扩展 ③comprehensive adj. 综合的 ④yield n. 产量,产出 v. 产生,提供 ⑤consistently adv. 一贯地,始终如一地
[长难句分析]
(第一段最后一句)A study found that people who exercised with others some or all of the time reported better physical and mental health than those who only exercised alone, even with less frequent exercise.
分析:that引导宾语从句;第一个who引导定语从句,修饰people;第二个who引导定语从句,修饰those。
译文:一项研究发现,与那些只独自锻炼身体的人相比,那些经常和别人一起锻炼的人的身体和精神健康状况更好,即使锻炼的频率更低。
文体4:议论文
议论文类完形填空是一种剖析事物、论述事理,提出主张、发表见解的文体。此题型的考查主要包括:论点、论据、论证。
@名师敲重点
高考真题 (2022·浙江6月卷改编)
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they 1 it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out 2 he were flying, his eyes wide with excitement. His trust in me is 3 , which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 4 .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets 5 , it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part. Trust is such an important part of a 6 relationship that it’s something that I can’t 7 to lose. Every time I 8 Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels safe in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt. 9 , teaching Jacky to
[易错点]对干扰项中的短语意思掌握不牢,影响对语境的判断,造成错选。
swim means he has to believe that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
10 , in the workplace, trust is important for strong 11 . It is something that every manager should work hard to 12 among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to 13 your directions and willingly become a loyal(忠诚的) team member. A 14 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be giving you their best. Good 15 , like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
1.A.deserve B.miss C.love D.know
2.A.as if B.in case C.even though D.so that
3.A.reasonable B.limited C.absolute D.important
利用“情感分析法”解题
4.A.relief B.satisfaction C.achievement D.responsibility
5.A.older B.busier C.quieter D.healthier
6.A.long-distance B.high-risk C.parent-child D.teacher-student
利用“同义词复现”解题
顾名思义秒猜合成词
7.A.afford B.choose C.wait D.expect
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
8.A.attach B.compare C.adjust D.introduce
9.A.Above all B.In addition C.At first D.For example
10.A.However B.Therefore C.Similarly D.Fortunately
利用“类比法”解题
11.A.affection B.determination C.friendship D.leadership
12.A.assess B.organize C.develop D.understand
13.A.repeat B.follow C.change D.forget
14.A.gesture B.measure C.bond D.lack
15.A.management B.personality C.communication D.education
长难句分析: 9 , teaching Jacky to swim
动名词短语作主语
means he has to believe that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
省略that的宾语从句;that引导宾语从句作believe的宾语;when引导时间状语从句;if引导条件状语从句
抓住首句, 明确论点 议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在文章的首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论点。
查找论点, 方式多样 (1)开门见山式。直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以证明,最后总结全文。 (2)导入式。先叙述生活中的一件事情或一种现象,然后根据事情或现象反映的问题提出论点,再用论据去证明。 (3)文末式。一开始作者只是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,通过对具体现象进行分析,最后得出结论。
注重尾段, 论点照应 议论文的尾段就是结论,通常照应论点,不可忽视。
(1)通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了Jacky从小就对作者非常信任,对此作者感觉良好。随着Jacky慢慢长大,作者日益发现信任的重要性。同样地,作者认为,对于强有力的领导力而言,信任也很重要,好的管理是一种长久的承诺。
(2)研读文章,把握议论文的观点和论证过程。
论点:trust can make people work for you
论证:throw up in the air and catch→swimming in the pool, come to his rescue→workplace, manager should work hard to develop trust→Good management is a long-term commitment
(3)挖掘议论文观点和论证,逐题分析试填。
1 下文 根据下文的“Again, Daddy, again!”可知,Jacky很喜欢作者的“抛接游戏”。由此可推知,孩子们都热爱这项活动。故选C项。
2 下文 根据下文的“he were flying”可知,此处是虚拟语气,意为“好像他在飞”。故选A项。
3 上文 结合语境可知,Jacky对作者是绝对的信任。故选C项。
4 上文 对作者来说,这不仅让作者感觉良好,同时也意味着一种责任。故选D项。[派生词]responsibility“责任”,是由responsible派生而来的,后缀-ity延伸出来的派生词变成名词。
5 上下文 结合语境可知,随着他逐渐长大,对作者来说,需要更多的努力和正确的判断力才能赢得他的信任。故选A项。
6 上文 结合上一段内容可知,此处说的是父母与子女的关系。故选C项。[合成词]“名词 +名词”可以合成形容词,parent-child“父母子女的”。
7 上文 结合上文内容可知,此处表示这是作者失去不起的东西。故选A项。
8 上下文 作者每一次让他尝试些新的事物时,出于对作者的信任,他总是接受,因为他知道有作者在,他会是安全的,不会受到伤害。故选D项。
9 上下文 由上文内容可知,下文以游泳为例来说明Jacky对作者的信任。故选D项。
10 上下文 根据段落之间的逻辑关系可知,此处语意表示“同样地”。故选C项。
11 下文 结合下文内容可知,对于强有力的领导力而言,信任是非常重要的。故选D项。
12 上下文 根据上下文可知,每一个管理者都需要在团队中培养这种信任。故选C项。[一词多义]develop v. 发展,培养;开发,研制;患(病);冲洗;详尽阐述,阐明。
13 上下文 根据上下文可知,如果团队成员不信任你,他们就不太可能会听你的指令。故选B项。 [熟词生义]follow熟义:跟着,跟随 生义:听从;理解,明白;遵守。
14 上下文 根据上