高考英语二轮复习完型篇文体2夹叙夹议文 课件（共68张）

(共68张PPT)
文体2：夹叙夹议文
文体2：夹叙夹议文
　　夹叙夹议文类完形填空具有记叙与议论的双重性，语言用词地道，蕴含着深刻的寓意。这是高考英语完形填空中有难度的，也是高频的一类体裁。夹叙夹议类文体主要包括事例→观点、观点→事例、观点→事例→观点三条主线。
　(2023·全国甲卷改编)
高考真题
Many years ago， I bought a house in the Garfagnana， where we still go every summer. The first time we stayed there， we heard the chug－chug－chug of a motorbike 　1　 its way down the hill toward us. It was a 　2　 called Mario， coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 　3　 for him to make. But when　　　　
[易错点]考生因未掌握gesture的一词多义而错选。
we looked at the tomatoes， we were 　4　 because they were so misshapen： not at all like the nice， round， 　5　 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy， in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. These can’t be any good， we thought. But we were 　6　 his kindness， so we 　7　 them.
[易错点]考生因忽视与空处较远的语境信息而错选。
What we discovered is that it’s 　8　 to 　　　　
[易错点]部分考生忽视了构词法中一般前缀改变词义、后缀改变词性的规律，没有掌握单词的多种变换形式，从而误判，错选。
judge what you eat only by its 　9　. Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　10　 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 　11　 memory of those. It’s a surprise that they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 　12　 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle， but it was 　13　.
It’s good to eat things at the correct time， when they’re 　14　， and as close as possible to where they were grown. What Mario had 　15　 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
1. A. making B. searching
C. squeezing D. feeling
利用“常识法”解题
2. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D. passenger
3. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture
4. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
利用“情感分析法”解题
5. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun
6. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
　　　　　　　　利用“情感分析法”解题
7. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
8. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual
拆词解意巧推派生词
9. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price
10. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
11. A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
12. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
13. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
句际关系看衔接，行文逻辑有标志
14. A. on view B. on sale
C. in season D. in need
利用“常识法”解题
15. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
长难句分析：1.What we discovered is that it’s 　8　 to judge what
　　　　　　　What引导主语从句
you eat only by its 　9　.　　　　　
that引导表语从句；what引导宾语从句
2. Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle 　　　　　
　　　that引导定语从句，修饰taste
used to grow when I was a 　　　　　
省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰ones
child.
3. It’s good to eat things at the correct time，
　 　It作形式主语，to eat...为真 正的主语
and as close as possible to
when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰correct time
when they’re 　14　，


(1)通读全文，把握主旨要义。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是邻居自己种的西红柿和自酿的酒。刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表和酒的浑浊感到它们不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现它们比超市的好。这让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。
(2)细读文章，抓住记叙与议论的转换。
主线一：the first time we stayed there→bring us some tomatoes and a bottle of wine→we thought they can’t be any good
主线二：unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance→those tomatoes and the wine are perfect→remind us the taste of the Garfagnana
(3)挖掘叙事发展信息及论据，逐题分析试填。
1 下文 根据下文“coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知，马里奥开摩托车过来是给作者一家送东西的，所以make one’s way符合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。　　[巧拓展]常和one’s way搭配构成的短语还有：lose one’s way迷路；force one’s way挤冲出一条路；push one’s way挤出去；feel one’s way摸索着前进；wind one’s way蜿蜒前行；fight one’s way奋勇前进。
2 上下文 根据上文“we heard the chug－chug－chug of a motorbike 　1　 its way down the hill toward us”以及最后一段最后一句“What Mario had 　15　 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物。由此可推测，此处是指作者的邻居。故选B项。
3 上文 根据上文“coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是友好的表示。故选D项。
[gesture熟义]n. ①姿势，手势；②表示
4 下文 根据下文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。
5 上文 根据上文“not at all like the nice， round”可知，设空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和上文的“nice， round”并列；再结合选项可知，此处应是“shiny(闪亮的)”，符合语境。故选C项。[类词巧记]常见的名词词尾加－y变形容词的有：①与人相关的有angry，hungry，healthy，wealthy，funny等；②与环境、天气相关的有icy，noisy，shiny，muddy，foggy，messy等；③与口感相关的有tasty，juicy等。
6 上文 根据上文“It was a 　2　 called Mario， coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。[联想快记]表示“感谢某人”的短语还有be grateful for。
7 下文 根据下文“Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。由此推知，作者一家尝试了马里奥送来的东西。故选A项。
[敲黑板]部分题目的4信息与空处距离较远，这种情况下，考生一定要有耐心，切忌主观臆断匆忙做出选择。
8 上下文 结合上下文内容可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心。但是后来发现，它的味道比超市的西红柿要好。所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。　　[派生法]unwise是由wise派生而来的，wise是形容词，表示“明智的”，加表示否定的前缀un－，构成了unwise，表示“不明智的”。unnecessary“不必要的”；uncertain“不确定的”；unusual“不寻常的”也是相同的构词法。
9 上文 根据上文“we were 　4　 because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。
10 上文 根据上文“not at all like the nice， round， 　5　 things you get in a supermarket”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。[类词拓展]sound听起来；smell闻起来；taste尝起来；feel感觉起来。
11 上文 根据上文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　10　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有人将会有那些快乐的记忆。故选A项。
12 上文 根据上文“It’s a surprise that they haven’t managed to grow square ones”并结合常识可知，方形的易包装。故选D项。
13 上文 根据上文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表示转折；再结合选项可知，此处应表示“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”。故选A项。
14 上文 根据上文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是当令的时候。故选C项。
[积累拓展]类似的“in ＋n. ”构成的短语还有：in addition此外；in advance事先，预先；in person亲自，亲身；in order准备好；in public公开地；in time及时；in vain徒劳地。
15 上文 根据上文“It was a 　2　 called Mario， coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，此处应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。
“9技法”巧解难题(1)
技法1　通读全文明大意，细研首句定方向
文章
大意 根据首句给出的提示，借助文中的关键词，了解文章大意。快速通读全文，抓住主线，理清脉络，把握全篇。
技法2　主题决定核心词，词汇复现是关键
词汇复现 原词复现：同一词汇重复出现。
同义/近义/反义词复现：意义相同/相近/相反的词汇复现。
上义/下义词复现：总结或分述的词汇复现。
同根词复现：词形变化的词汇复现。
代词复现：代替上下文中名词的代词。
技法3　围绕话题找意群，上下求索巧关联
上下求索 站在作者的角度，分析上下文语境。
下文和最后的题目从上文内容中找线索。
开头的题目从下文中找线索。
技法4　句际关系看衔接，行文逻辑有标志
逻辑关系 对立关系(包括让步、转折)：常见词(短语)有but， however， yet， regardless of， instead of等。
并列和递进关系：常见词(短语)有and， even， neither... nor...， not only... but also...等。
目的和因果关系：常见词(短语)有because， for， since， as， thus， therefore， in order that， in case等。
逻辑关系 条件关系：常见词(短语)有if， unless， whether， on condition that， provided that等。
时间关系：常见词(短语)有before， since， as， until， when， at the moment， as soon as等。
层次和顺序关系：常见词(短语)有besides， firstly， first， secondly， second， to begin with， in addition， what’s more等。
例证关系：常见短语有all in all， in a word， on the whole， to sum up， for example等。
技法5　固定搭配多积累，结合语境巧变通
固定搭配 动词短语：sign up， calm down， check in， check out， head off等。
介词短语：due to， instead of， apart from， as for， owing to等。
名题抢分练
Test 1
体裁：夹叙夹议文 词数：349
话题：互帮互助 建议用时：15分钟
　　In 2024， Tomas Quinones undertook a 7－day bike trip， covering some remote desert in Oregon. His trip was 　1　 by the usual difficulties. He lost his shoes and was only relying on a pair of sandals(凉鞋). His water supply was sometimes 　2　. But there were also moments of unexpected 　3　： A couple offered to share their lunch； a guy in the truck asked if he needed any help.
On the sixth day of his trip， he was riding down a dusty track when he met a man lying unconscious in the desert. 　4　， he was dehydrated(脱水的). Quinones tried to give him some water with little 　5　. Luckily， he called the emergency rescue team and an ambulance soon arrived. The man he 　6　 was an explorer who had been lost in the desert for 5 days. “I never had any 　7　 about what I would do，” said Quinones. He had received some gestures of help on the trip， so he 　8　.
It’s likely that if you’ve spent any time in the wild， you’ll have 　9　 these gestures of kindness from strangers or given them yourself－even if they are nothing so 　10　 as the aid given by Quinones.
What is it about being outside， in nature， that makes people want to help others？ One opinion is that in the wild， there may not be any other 　11　， so according to the “bystander effect”， the more people who are in the presence of someone needing help， the less likely any of those people are to actually provide it. Another opinion is that exposure to nature can make people look beyond themselves， 　12　 a sense of connection to others and to the world as a whole.
When we risk going into the wild， we become weak. And being in that position usually makes us 　13　 the world differently. So， in the wild， where we’re taken away from our normal possessions， surroundings and identities， we seem more 　14　 to go the extra mile for someone. It’s in nature that bonds of humanity are 　15　.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Quinones经常在野外骑行，他接受过别人的帮助，也帮助过别人。有一次，他救助了一个因脱水而晕倒的探险家。那么，人们为什么在野外的时候愿意帮助别人呢？作者陈述了两个观点。
1. A. flooded B. marked
C. covered D. connected
答案：B
解析：根据下文中的“He lost his shoes... water supply was
sometimes 　2　.”可知，此处讲他在旅行中遇见了一些常见的困难。
mark在此作动词，意为“赋予……特征”，属于一词多义的用法。
flood“(被)淹没”；cover“覆盖，遮盖”；connect“联结，连接”。故
选B。
2. A. unbelievable B. unusual
C. unsafe D. uncertain
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“usual difficulties”可知，此处表示骑行中常见的困难：有时候水源供应是不确定的(uncertain)。unbelievable“非常好(或坏、极端)的，难以置信的，惊人的”；unusual“特别的，不寻常的，罕见的”；unsafe“不安全的，危险的”。故选D。
3. A. kindness B. appreciation
C. belief D. comfort
答案：A
解析：空后的冒号表明本空是对后面内容的概括。结合空后的“A couple offered to share their lunch； a guy in the truck asked if he needed any help.”可知，此处表示意想不到的善意(kindness)。appreciation“欣赏，鉴赏；感激”；belief“信仰，信念”；comfort“舒服，舒适；安慰”。故选A。
4. A. Unexpectedly B. Unfortunately
C. Obviously D. Shortly
答案：C
解析：根据上文中的“a man lying unconscious in the desert”和下文中的“Quinones tried to give him some water”可知，显然(Obviously)这个人脱水晕倒了。unexpectedly“出乎意料地，意外地”；unfortunately“不幸地，遗憾地”；shortly“不久，很快”。故选C。
5. A. confidence B. success
C. survival D. relief
答案：B
解析：根据下文中的“Luckily， he called the emergency rescue team”可知，尽管Quinones给晕倒的人喂了水，但是几乎没有成功(success)。于是，他拨打了紧急救援队的电话。confidence“自信，信心；信任”；survival“继续生存，存活，幸存”；relief“宽慰，轻松；(疼痛或不快的)减轻，消除”。故选B。
6. A. rescued B. accompanied
C. knew D. admired
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的“Quinones tried to give him some water... he called the emergency rescue team”可知，Quinones救(rescued)了这个晕倒的人。accompany“陪伴，陪同；伴随”；admire“钦佩，仰慕；欣赏”。故选A。
7. A. decision B. sense
C. doubt D. surprise
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的“if you’ve spent... these gestures of kindness from strangers or given them yourself”可知，在旅行中，接受帮助或给予帮助都是平常的事。再结合上文对Quinones救助行为的描写可知，Quinones当时没有任何迟疑(doubt)。decision“决定，抉择”；sense“感觉；感觉官能；理解力；意义”。故选C。
8. A. got it back B. paid it forward
C. carried it through D. did it over
答案：B
解析：根据上文的描述可知，Quinones在旅行中接受过别人的帮助，所以他知恩图报(paid it forward)。get back“找回”；carry through“成功完成；帮助……渡过难关”；do over“重做”。故选B。
9. A. made B. understood
C. remembered D. experienced
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“He had received some gestures of help on the trip，
so he 　8　.”可知，如果你在野外待过一段时间，你很可能会经历
(experienced)陌生人的善意举动或你自己也向他人提供帮助。
understand“理解，懂得；了解”。故选D。
10. A. simple B. natural
C. dramatic D. slight
答案：C
解析：根据上文中的“A couple offered... needed any help.”可以推测，一般人在野外经历的帮助是平常小事，并不像Quinones救助晕倒的人这么引人注目(dramatic)。simple“简单的；简朴的，朴素的”；natural“自然的；天然的”；slight“轻微的，少量的”。故选C。
11. A. help B. choice C. luck D. sign
答案：A
解析：结合常识可知，在野外可能没有任何其他的帮助(help)。此题也可以根据词汇复现去解答。根据下文提到的“someone needing help”可知，此处表示帮助。choice“选择，抉择”；sign“标志；迹象；示意动作，手势”。故选A。
12. A. bringing B. promoting
C. keeping D. providing
答案：B
解析：根据上文中的“exposure to nature can make people look beyond themselves”可知，接触大自然可以使人们超越自我，这就会促进(promoting)人们与他人和整个世界建立联系。provide“提供，供给；供应”。故选B。
13. A. adapt to B. focus on
C. travel around D. look at
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“exposure to nature... as a whole”可知，在野外，人们看待(look at)世界的方式不同。adapt to“适应”；focus on“专注于”；travel around“在……四处旅行”。故选D。
14. A. pleased B. disappointed
C. relaxed D. worried
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的“exposure to nature... as a whole”和下文中的“go the extra mile for someone”可知，在野外，人们似乎更乐意(pleased)为了他人加倍努力。go the extra mile是固定短语，意为“加倍努力，尽心尽力”。disappointed“失望的，沮丧的”；relaxed“放松的，轻松的；舒适的，自在的”。故选A。
15. A. recovered B. loosened
C. strengthened D. broken
答案：C
解析：上文讲到人们在野外更乐意为他人加倍努力，即帮助他人。由此可推知，在大自然中，人类的纽带会被加强(strengthened)。recover“恢复健康；康复”；loosen“(使)变松，松开；放宽”。故选C。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①unconscious adj. 无意识的　②emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况　③gesture n. 举动；姿势　④exposure n. 暴露；面临
[长难句分析]
(第四段第二句)One opinion is that in the wild， there may not be any other help， so according to the “bystander effect”， the more people who are in the presence of someone needing help， the less likely any of those people are to actually provide it.
分析：that引导表语从句；“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”意为“越……越……”；who引导定语从句，修饰people。
译文：一个观点是在野外可能没有其他的帮助，所以根据“旁观者效应”，越多在场的人需要帮助，那么提供的可能性就越小。
Test 2
体裁：夹叙夹议文 词数：193
话题：加油站善举 建议用时：15分钟
　　I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 　1　， too. I managed to get to a gas station， but it was Sunday in the early fall， and there was no 　2　 on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for 　3　 the car.
I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 　4　 the heat when an older gentleman 　5　 to fuel his car. He asked about my car， and I 　6　 my predicament(困境). To my 　7　， the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age， and then he opened his trunk and 　8　 a tool set.
Right then and there， this total 　9　 examined my engine， explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were 　10　 to function. After about an hour， he 　11　 that my car was safe to finish the trip.
　12　 came at the hands of a stranger. 　13　 his clothes， working on a hot September afternoon， this man 　14　 a college student from disaster， just because she could have been his 　15　.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在回家途中车坏了，手机也没电了。她设法将车开到了加油站，然而加油站的修理工周末不上班。于是，作者只好在酷暑下等了几个小时。后来，加油站来了一位来加油的男士，他询问了作者的情况，说自己也有个和作者年纪相仿的女儿，并最终帮作者修好了车。作者感受到了来自陌生人的善意。
1. A. busy B. loud C. dead D. secure
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的too可知，此处讲到的情况和上文类似，上文中讲到了“my car broke down”，因此，此处应该会讲到手机也出问题了，没电不能用了。dead“(因为缺电)不运行的，不转动的”；secure“稳固的，可靠的”。故选C。
2. A. mechanic B. policeman
C. manager D. guide
答案：A
解析：上文讲到了作者的车出了问题，结合生活常识可知，她去加油站是想修理它。结合上文中的“it was Sunday in the early fall”和生活常识可知，周末没有修理工(mechanic)上班。manager“(企业、店铺等的)经理，经营者，老板”；guide“向导，导游”。故选A。
3. A. washing B. parking
C. purchasing D. maintaining
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“I was working my way through university then”和下文中的“my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long”可知，作者还是个大学生，几乎没有钱保养(maintaining)车。purchase“购买，采购”。故选D。
4. A. feel B. beat C. absorb D. produce
答案：B
解析：根据下文中的“a hot September afternoon”可知，这是一个酷热的九月午后，作者在车旁坐了好几个小时，试图避(beat)暑。absorb“吸收，使并入，使全神贯注”。故选B。
5. A. promised B. refused
C. stopped D. volunteered
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的“to fuel his car”和常识可知，在作者等着的时候，有一个上了年纪的绅士停下(stopped)车来加油。promise“承诺，保证”；refuse“拒绝”；volunteer“自愿做，义务做”。故选C。
6. A. solved B. noticed
C. escaped D. explained
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“He asked about my car”可知，这位绅士询问作者车的情况，作者应该会解释(explained)自己的困境。solve“解决，处理”；notice“留意，注意”；escape“逃跑，逃脱，逃避，摆脱”。故选D。
7. A. surprise B. regret
C. amusement D. disappointment
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，二人在谈论车的情况，因此，对于话题的突然
转变“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”和这位
绅士的行为“he opened his trunk and 　8　 a tool set”，作者应该
会感到惊讶(surprise)。to one’s regret“令某人后悔的是”；to one’s
amusement“令某人感到可笑的是”；to one’s disappointment“令某
人失望的是”。故选A。
8. A. called up B. pulled out
C. put down D. threw away
答案：B
解析：根据下文中的“examined my engine， explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed”可知，这位绅士从后备箱里拿出(pulled out)了工具箱，帮作者检查车况。call up“召唤，使想起”；put down“放下，镇压，写下”；throw away“扔掉，浪费(机会、优势或好处)”。故选B。
9. A. liar B. beginner C. stranger D. loser
答案：C
解析：此处考查词汇复现。根据上文描述和下文中的“at the hands of a stranger”可知，这位绅士是一个陌生人(stranger)。liar“骗子”；beginner“初学者”；loser“失败者”。故选C。
10. A. free B. ready
C. uncertain D. unable
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long”和常识可知，作者很久没有换火花塞了，以至于她的车没有办法(unable)正常运转。uncertain“犹豫，无把握，不确定的”。故选D。
11. A. pronounced B. agreed
C. discovered D. doubted
答案：A
解析：根据下文中的“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，经过约一个小时的修理之后，这位绅士正式宣布(pronounced)作者的车可以安全地行驶接下来的路程了。discover“发现”；doubt“怀疑，不相信”。故选A。
12. A. Tiredness B. Kindness
C. Loneliness D. Carefulness
答案：B
解析：根据上文叙述可知，这位陌生的绅士帮助作者修好了车，这充分说明了这位绅士的善意(Kindness)。tiredness“疲劳，疲倦”；loneliness“孤独，寂寞”。故选B。
13. A. Folding B. Drying
C. Soiling D. Mending
答案：C
解析：根据常识可知，修车会弄脏人的衣服。fold“折叠”；dry“(使)变干，(把……)弄干”；soil“弄脏”；mend“修补，修理；解决(争端)”。故选C。
14. A. saved B. called
C. judged D. banned
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的“my car broke down”“I sat alongside my car for several hours”和“my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，这位绅士在作者等待了几个小时后出现，并最终帮作者修好了车，这将作者从不幸中拯救(saved)了出来。judge“判断”；ban“明令禁止，取缔”。故选A。
15. A. friend B. daughter
C. co－worker D. customer
答案：B
解析：此处考查词汇复现。根据上文中的“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”和常识可知，这位绅士把作者当作自己的女儿(daughter)一样对待了，于是才出手帮助作者修车。co－worker“同事”；customer“顾客”。故选B。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①fuel v. 给……提供燃料　②trunk n. 后备箱
[长难句分析]
(第三段第一句)Right then and there， this total stranger examined my engine， explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were unable to function.
分析：explaining...为现在分词短语作状语；as引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句；so... that...引导结果状语从句。
译文：就在那时，这位陌生人检查了我的发动机，一边工作一边解释说我的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，以至于无法正常工作。