(共53张PPT)
文体4:议论文
文体4:议论文
议论文类完形填空是一种剖析事物、论述事理,提出主张、发表见解的文体。此题型的考查主要包括:论点、论据、论证。
(2022·浙江6月卷改编)
高考真题
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they 1 it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out 2 he were flying, his eyes wide with excitement. His trust in me is 3 , which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 4 .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets 5 , it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part. Trust is such an important part of a 6 relationship that it’s something that I can’t 7 to lose. Every time I 8 Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels safe in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt. 9 , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to believe that,
[易错点]对干扰项中的短语意思掌握不牢,影响对语境的判断,造成错选。
when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
10 , in the workplace, trust is important for strong 11 . It is something that every manager should work hard to 12 among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to 13 your directions and willingly become a loyal(忠诚的) team member. A 14 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be giving you their best. Good 15 , like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
1. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
2. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
3. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
利用“情感分析法”解题
4. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
5. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
6. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
利用“同义词复现”解题
顾名思义秒猜合成词
7. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
8. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
9. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
10. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
利用“类比法”解题
11. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
12. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
13. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
14. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
15. A. management B. personality
C. communication D. education
长难句分析: 9 , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to believe that,
动名词短语作主语
when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
省略that的宾语从句;that引导宾语从句作believe的宾语;when引导时间状语从句;if引导条件状语从句
抓住首句,
明确论点 议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在文章的首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论点。
查找论点,
方式多样 (1)开门见山式。直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以证明,最后总结全文。
(2)导入式。先叙述生活中的一件事情或一种现象,然后根据事情或现象反映的问题提出论点,再用论据去证明。
(3)文末式。一开始作者只是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,通过对具体现象进行分析,最后得出结论。
注重尾段,
论点照应 议论文的尾段就是结论,通常照应论点,不可忽视。
(1)通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了Jacky从小就对作者非常信任,对此作者感觉良好。随着Jacky慢慢长大,作者日益发现信任的重要性。同样地,作者认为,对于强有力的领导力而言,信任也很重要,好的管理是一种长久的承诺。
(2)研读文章,把握议论文的观点和论证过程。
论点:trust can make people work for you
论证:throw up in the air and catch→swimming in the pool, come to his rescue→workplace, manager should work hard to develop trust→Good management is a long-term commitment
(3)挖掘议论文观点和论证,逐题分析试填。
1 下文 根据下文的“Again, Daddy, again!”可知,Jacky很喜欢作者的“抛接游戏”。由此可推知,孩子们都热爱这项活动。故选C项。
2 下文 根据下文的“he were flying”可知,此处是虚拟语气,意为“好像他在飞”。故选A项。
3 上文 结合语境可知,Jacky对作者是绝对的信任。故选C项。
4 上文 对作者来说,这不仅让作者感觉良好,同时也意味着一种责任。故选D项。[派生词]responsibility“责任”,是由responsible派生而来的,后缀-ity延伸出来的派生词变成名词。
5 上下文 结合语境可知,随着他逐渐长大,对作者来说,需要更多的努力和正确的判断力才能赢得他的信任。故选A项。
6 上文 结合上一段内容可知,此处说的是父母与子女的关系。故选C项。[合成词]“名词 +名词”可以合成形容词,parent-child“父母子女的”。
7 上文 结合上文内容可知,此处表示这是作者失去不起的东西。故选A项。
8 上下文 作者每一次让他尝试些新的事物时,出于对作者的信任,他总是接受,因为他知道有作者在,他会是安全的,不会受到伤害。故选D项。
9 上下文 由上文内容可知,下文以游泳为例来说明Jacky对作者的信任。故选D项。
10 上下文 根据段落之间的逻辑关系可知,此处语意表示“同样地”。故选C项。
11 下文 结合下文内容可知,对于强有力的领导力而言,信任是非常重要的。故选D项。
12 上下文 根据上下文可知,每一个管理者都需要在团队中培养这种信任。故选C项。[一词多义]develop v. 发展,培养;开发,研制;患(病);冲洗;详尽阐述,阐明。
13 上下文 根据上下文可知,如果团队成员不信任你,他们就不太可能会听你的指令。故选B项。
[熟词生义]follow熟义:跟着,跟随 生义:听从;理解,明白;遵守。
14 上下文 根据上下文可知,缺乏信任会使人们和你作对,而不是支持你。故选D项。
15 上下文 结合上文的manager和最后一段内容可知,好的管理是一种长久的承诺。故选A项。[构词法]-ment为常见的名词后缀。一般动词直接加-ment变成名词,如movement, agreement等;特例argue→argument。
“5大招”巧避答题易错点
大招1 正确区分形/义近词(组)
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或近义词辨析,无形中增加了难度,考生要掌握好,并且着眼于语篇意义便不容易选错。
大招2 避免惯性思维
在英语学习中,考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等让考生产生一些思维定式,不善于思考或考虑问题不全面。考生在学习单词、词组或习惯用语时,不要受思维定式影响。只记中文意思过于简单化,要深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。
大招3 克服词汇理解障碍
在完形填空题中,有时选项中会出现课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查漏补缺,多积累由课标词组成的生僻词汇,做到课标词汇无遗漏。
大招4 掌握一词多义和熟词生义
高考完形填空中,对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜。考生要多积累并掌握这些熟词的“新义”,从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
大招5 培养全篇关联思维
完形填空的考查点依附于语篇,而语篇具有连贯性,这就要求考生要理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络,作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理判断,最后做出正确的选择。
名题抢分练
Test 1
体裁:议论文 词数:243
话题:坚持做好事 建议用时:15分钟
The best and most amazing thing about life is that no matter what happens or how hard it may be, stay 1 .
All you need to 2 is to do good, even if it may be the smallest thing, like greeting someone with a smile. It can 3 someone’s day, and you will have made the smallest 4 biggest difference to their life.
I learned patience in the hard 5 . I have been trying to rush through life, always 6 myself to my friends and wondering when my life would change. I was too busy trying to speed things up, but things just weren’t 7 , so I finally gave up. However, when I continued to help people and do little things to make a difference, life 8 me back. Therefore, keep your 9 unchanged, no matter how unjust people are toward you. I believe you will be successful, 10 everything has its own special time, and yours is definitely coming. You just need to 11 a little longer.
I 12 met someone worth it all, so kind and sweet, always trying to surprise me in the most 13 ways. Now, every day is something bigger and better, and that 14 is amazing.
Even if you have been doing bad things until now, you can change it all. Believe me! It always gets better. It’s not easy, but it will. I know, because I have been 15 with it and I finally feel better.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。无论生活中发生什么事情,我们都应保持耐心、面带微笑。坚持做好事,即使是很小的好事也会给他人带来影响,同时我们自己也会收获开心与喜悦。
1. A. curious B. patient
C. serious D. generous
答案:B
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“I learned patience”可知,生活中无论发生什么,无论有多艰难,都要有耐心。故选B项。
2.A. reflect on B. set about
C. take up D. focus on
答案:D
解析:考查动词短语辨析。根据下文的“...even if it may be the smallest thing, like greeting someone with a smile”可知,人们需要做的是专注于做好事。故选D项。
3. A. speed up B. look up
C. brighten up D. turn up
答案:C
解析:考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知,设空处前面的It指代上文中的“greeting someone with a smile”,此处应表示“一个微笑就会点亮别人的一天”。故选C项。
4.A. but B. and C. or D. so
答案:A
解析:考查连词词义辨析。此处smallest与biggest的意思和情感色彩相反,应选表示转折意义的连词but。故选A项。
5. A. way B. time C. point D. problem
答案:A
解析:考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“I was too busy trying to speed things up, but things... so I finally gave up.”可知,作者在学会耐心之前吃了不少苦头,走了艰难的路。故选A项。
6.A. adapting B. adjusting
C. comparing D. applying
答案:C
解析:考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“I have been trying to rush through life”和下文的“wondering when my life would change”可知,作者总是把自己的生活节奏搞得很快,总是将自己和朋友作比较。故选C项。
7. A. speeding B. changing
C. moving D. succeeding
答案:C
解析:考查动词词义辨析。此处指作者急于看到事情有起色,但却毫无进展,所以最终放弃了。故选C项。
8.A. gives B. pays C. gets D. brings
答案:B
解析:考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“continued to help people and do little things to make a difference”可知,作者继续帮助别人,每天做一些有益的小事。由此推知,设空处表示“生活有了回报”。故选B项。
9. A. intentions B. minds
C. hearts D. efforts
答案:A
解析:考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的Therefore及下文的“no matter how unjust people are toward you”可知,无论别人对你有多么不公正,你做善事的这个意向都要保持不变。故选A项。
10.A. if B. when C. until D. because
答案:D
解析:考查连词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知,前后句是因果关系。故选D项。
11. A. work B. wait C. operate D. stay
答案:B
解析:考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“and yours is definitely coming”可知,属于你的特别时刻肯定会到来,需要的只是多等一会儿。故选B项。
12.A. eventually B. occasionally
C. suddenly D. instantly
答案:A
解析:考查副词词义辨析。根据空后的“met someone worth it all, so kind and sweet, always trying to surprise me”可知,作者最终遇到了那个值得等待的人。故选A项。
13. A. normal B. unusual
C. common D. unexpected
答案:D
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文的“always trying to surprise me”并结合选项可知,既然是惊喜,肯定是出其不意的。故选D项。
14.A. thought B. view C. feeling D. idea
答案:C
解析:考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“Now, every day is something bigger and better...”可知,每一天都越来越好,那种感觉非常美妙。故选C项。
15. A. hunting B. struggling
C. searching D. exploring
答案:B
解析:考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“It’s not easy, but it will. I know, because I. ..”以及空后的“I finally feel better”可知,作者经过努力之后,最终一切都好起来了。故选B项。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①definitely adv. 没问题,肯定 ②generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的 ③brighten up 照亮;高兴起来
[熟词生义]
rush n. 冲;奔;匆忙;赶紧;快感 生义:v. 冲;奔;匆匆;急送
[长难句分析]
(第三段第二句)I have been trying to rush through life, always comparing myself to my friends and wondering when my life would change.
分析:本句是一个简单句,时态是现在完成进行时,后面的comparing... and wondering... 是动词-ing形式作伴随状语,其中when引导的是宾语从句。
译文:我一直试图匆匆度过我的生活,总是拿自己和我的朋友比较,想知道我的生活什么时候会改变。
Test 2
体裁:议论文 词数:221
话题:做人与做事 建议用时:15分钟
I will turn 46 soon. But I decide to 1 candles from my cake this year. I think 46 candles might 2 the cream or set off the smoke alarm.Amazingly, when I looked in the 3 this morning I didn’t see a middle-aged man looking back at me. Sure there was 4 in the hair and wrinkles around the eyes. Yet, when I 5 his smile and the light in his eyes, I felt as alive and 6 as before. I saw the young and loving spirit living inside this 7 body.
It is such a 8 that we can grow younger on the inside while we grow older on the outside. Some of the most loving, 9 and energetic people I know live inside ancient bodies that have 10 far better days. These people smile often, laugh a lot, and spend every day quite optimistically. They 11 me that old bodies don’t always 12 old hearts.
I hope when your own 13 comes around, your heart will feel as young as ever. I hope you will remember that you are not 14 on a calendar or candles on a cake, but a forever young spirit. Your body may age and die, but your heart never will. May you 15 all of your days with love, laughter, light and joy.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。作者在46岁生日即将来临之际感悟到我们应该人老心不老。
1. A. protect B. separate
C. remove D. withdraw
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“I think 46 candles... set off the smoke alarm.”可知,作者觉得46支蜡烛可能会毁坏蛋糕上的奶油或者触发烟雾警报,因此他决定今年不往蛋糕上放蜡烛了。remove“移开,拿开,去掉”,符合语境。separate“使分离”;withdraw“使退出,使撤离”。
2. A. beat B. combine C. decorate D. ruin
答案:D
解析:参见上题解析。ruin“毁坏”,符合语境。beat“击败”;combine“使结合”;decorate“装饰”。
3. A. window B. face C. mirror D. sky
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“I didn’t see a middle-aged man looking back at me”可知,此处指作者在照镜子(mirror)。
4. A. grey B. detail C. energy D. black
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“I will turn 46 soon.”和下文中的“wrinkles around the eyes”可知,此处指作者头上有灰白的头发,眼角有皱纹。grey“灰色,灰白色”,符合语境。
5. A. imagined B. noticed
C. checked D. remembered
答案:B
解析:根据上文中的“I didn’t see”及下文中的saw可知,但是,当作者看到(noticed)镜子中的人的笑容和他眼里的光时,他觉得自己像以前一样充满生机与活力。imagine“想象”;check“核实”;remember“记起”。
6. A. dynamic B. successful
C. courageous D. friendly
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“smile and the light in his eyes”“alive and”可知,设空处所选词应与alive同属一个语义范畴。dynamic“生气勃勃的,充满活力的,精力充沛的”,符合语境。
7. A. delicate B. healthy
C. aging D. mature
答案:C
解析:根据上文中的“the young and loving spirit”以及作者快46岁了可知,此处表示作者看到一个年轻的、充满爱的灵魂生活在这变老的(aging)身体里。delicate“纤弱的”;mature“成熟的”。
8. A. surprise B. confusion
C. mistake D. fact
答案:A
解析:根据上文的Amazingly可知,令人惊讶的是,我们的外表在变老,而内心却在变年轻。surprise“惊奇,惊诧”,符合语境。confusion“困惑”。
9. A. influential B. cheerful
C. impressive D. admirable
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“smile often, laugh a lot”可知,此处指作者认识的一些最有爱心、最快乐(cheerful)、最有活力的人生活在很老的身体里,但他们见证了更美好的日子。influential“有影响力的”;impressive“给人深刻印象的”;admirable“令人钦佩的”。
10. A. desired B. guaranteed
C. requested D. witnessed
答案:D
解析:参见上题解析。witness“见证”,符合语境。desire“渴望,期望”;guarantee“保证,确保”;request“要求”。
11. A. instruct B. remind
C. inform D. promise
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,他们提醒(remind)作者,年老的身体不一定总是造就年老的心灵。inform“告知”;promise“承诺”。
12. A. go into B. leave out
C. make for D. wake up
答案:C
解析:参见上题解析。make for“促成”,符合语境。go into“投入某事,用于某事”;leave out“不包括,排除”;wake up“使活跃,使清醒”。
13. A. dream B. birthday
C. ambition D. expectation
答案:B
解析:此处呼应上文中的“I will turn 46 soon.”,指作者希望当你的生日(birthday)到来的时候,你的心将会感到像往常一样年轻。ambition“雄心,抱负”;expectation“期待”。
14. A. pictures B. marks
C. lines D. numbers
答案:D
解析:根据下文中的“on a calendar or candles on a cake”并结合常识可知,此处指作者希望人们能够记住,他们不是日历上的数字(numbers),也不是蛋糕上的蜡烛。
15. A. fill B. credit C. connect D. invest
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,愿你的每一天都充满爱、欢笑、光明和喜悦。fill“使充满,填满”,符合语境。credit“认为是……的功劳,把……归于”;connect“把……和……联系起来”;invest“赋予,授予”。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①wrinkle n. 皱纹 ②alive adj. 情绪饱满的,激动兴奋的,有生气的,有活力的 ③optimistically adv. 乐观地 ④spirit n. 精神;灵魂;(某种类型的)人 ⑤set off 使(警报)响起,拉响(警报)
[熟词生义]
dynamic adj. 动态的;动力的 生义:adj. 充满活力的,精力充沛的
We’re looking for someone positive and dynamic.(充满活力的)
[长难句分析]
(第二段第二句)Some of the most loving, cheerful and energetic people I know live inside ancient bodies that have witnessed far better days.
分析:I know为定语从句,修饰先行词people,省略关系代词who/that;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词bodies。
译文:我认识的一些最有爱心、最快乐、最有活力的人生活在老的身体里,但他们见证了更美好的日子。