(共61张PPT)
文体1:记叙文
文体1:记叙文
记叙文类完形填空在高考中占的比例较大,记叙文主要可分为叙事和记人两种形式,用以表达作者的思想、抒发作者的情感。记叙文类文体主要包括句内层次、句组层次和语篇层次三条主线。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
高考真题
I’ve been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles. To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 47 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride. The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 . That day, I got 52 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 53 .
I’ve 54 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence
46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason
一句多空重关联,字里行间皆暗示
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
利用“逻辑分析法”解题
50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice
51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges
利用“语境暗示分析法”解题
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
利用“情感分析法”解题拆词解意巧推派生词
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
根据故事走向、全文主旨解题
that引导宾语从句
is if a big dog was running after me!
省略关系词的定语从句,修饰the only reason
(1)快速通读全文,从宏观上抓住文章主线,理清文章脉络。
写作要素:弄清记叙文的六要素,把握故事的发生、发展和结局。
When: When I was a teenager
Where: neighborhood, San Diego
Who: I, a friend, a girl
What: running, cycling
Why: be motivated by other’s achievements
How: set goals for myself
(2)细读文章,从微观上利用三层次突破完形填空。
分类1 句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内,在读懂文意的前提下,利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。做此类题目时,考生可以边读边结合已掌握信息做出选择。
句内层次题 利用逻辑关系解题。根据句子内部之间的逻辑关系确定答案。
利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空前与空后、句内的已知信息推断该句含义,再由语境信息推断空处所描述的细节。
利用对应成分分析法解题。根据句内的逻辑关系找出与未知题空相对应的已知成分,将它作为线索推出空处答案。
利用习惯搭配和固定结构解题。运用习惯搭配、固定结构及固定句式解题。
利用生活常识和文化背景解题。运用文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情、中西文化差异解题。
42 句内
层次 根据上文的“Feeling motivated”可知,“我”受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励,开始定期跑步。故选A项。
43 句内
层次 根据下文的“a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,这个女生告诉“我”她在为一个52.4英里的双程马拉松比赛而进行训练。故选D项。
46 句内
层次 根据下文的“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知,“我”下定决心,只有被狗追赶,“我”才会再次跑步,这是“我”再次跑步的唯一原因或理由。故选D项。
49 句内
层次 根据上文的“While she was at work one day”可知,姐姐上班去了,“我”借她的自行车出去兜风。故选B项。
50 句内
层次 根据下文的“The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,那里的路穿过大山谷,所以“我”需要一次骑好几英里的上坡路,这是“我”遇到的问题。故选A项。
52 句内
层次 根据下文的“by about 100 'local' bikers who were used to such roads”可知,当地自行车手习惯了在这种上坡路上骑行,所以此处指的是“我”被大约100名当地自行车手超过了。故选A项。
55 句内
层次 根据下文的“I set for myself, they just have to be my own”可知,此处指无论“我”为自己设定什么目标,都必须是(适合)“我”自己的目标。故选C项。
分类2 句组层次题
句组层次题的解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组意群中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答,即本句信息不足时,设空处前后再找信息源。
句组层次题 利用语义复现解题。通过文章中原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同根词或代词的语义复现选出正确答案。
利用作者态度和情感色彩解题。找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇,一般是名词、动词、形容词和副词。
利用逻辑关系解题。利用上下文体现出的因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系等逻辑关系来解题。
利用语境暗示分析法解题。通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。
44 句组
层次 根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”及“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知,“我”讨厌跑步。故选C项。
45 句组
层次 根据上文女生为52.4英里的双程马拉松比赛进行训练,而“我”最长的跑步距离才15英里可知,和她相比,“我”的成就显得微不足道。故选B项。
48 句组
层次 根据上文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”及下文的“entering cycle races”可知,“我”梦想着参加自行车比赛。故选B项。
51 句组
层次 根据上文的“The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,“我”从未遇到过这样的挑战。故选D项。
53 句组
层次 根据上文“我”在上坡路上骑行遇到的挑战及被当地自行车手赶超可知,“我”应该很受挫,所以回家后觉得骑自行车不再那么有吸引力了。故选D项。
分类3 语篇层次题
语篇层次题需要阅读全篇,站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。
语篇层次题 利用首尾呼应关系解题。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,顺利入题。
利用文章发展脉络解题。根据故事的开端、发展、高潮、结局等不同情节,梳理文章发展脉络,理清行文结构。
41 语篇
层次 根据上文的“I’ve been motivated... by other folks’ achievements”及下文的“Feeling motivated”可知,“我”被朋友取得的成就所激励,因此邻居朋友应是赢得了马拉松比赛,won符合语境。故选C项。
47 语篇
层次 由上文“我”讨厌跑步及下文的cycling可知,“我”对跑步失去兴趣,改为骑自行车。故选C项。
54 语篇
层次 通过“我”的两次经历及下文的“I’ve come to accept that...”可知,“我”应该是成熟了许多。故选B项。
(3)将选项代入原文,通读一遍,读原文是否流畅,语意是否连贯,进行验证和确定答案。
“5原则”快定最佳答案
原则1 答案紧扣情节线索、故事走向
完形填空材料多为故事类记叙文。故事一般都围绕一定的线索展开,而线索往往在故事的开头就已出现。所以,研读故事的开头,找准故事的主线,预测故事的走向,是快速选定答案的有效方法。
原则2 答案为某一/某些核心词的复现
完形填空的语篇整体上围绕一个大话题展开,而通常每个部分又围绕一个小话题展开,那么与话题相关的词汇免不了重复出现。所以,关注上下文,寻找词语复现现象是解完形填空题的一个重要手段。词语复现的常见情况:原词复现、近义词复现、上义词复现、下义词复现、反义词复现、概述词复现、同范畴词复现等。
原则3 答案要与话题词汇匹配
围绕一个话题展开的内容,所用词汇在整体方向、感彩、连贯性、逻辑关系、衔接乃至修辞手法上,都要匹配。找到某一选项与周围词汇的特定关联,通常就找到了答案。
原则4 答案与上下文高度关联
在一个句子内,几个句子间,甚至段落之间,常存在着一种前后呼应的关系。而一篇文章内也往往有铺垫,结尾处也多会呼应前面的铺垫。做题时注意“瞻前顾后”,把握住大大小小的呼应,这是做完形填空题时快速锁定答案的诀窍之一。
原则5 答案要与整体语境切合
有时候,从语法、语义和搭配角度分析,不止一个选项能入选。这时就要看整体语境了,正确答案必须与整体语境相切合。
名题抢分练
Test 1
体裁:记叙文 词数:251
话题:值班父亲团 建议用时:15分钟
Gang(团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School. Some community activists held a(n) 1 meeting with parents and the principal. A group of the fathers 2 decided it was time to make their 3 known on campus.
That’s how Dads on Duty was born with its goal-make sure the kids are 4 . Around 40 men were organized into six-person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day. They 5 the day after the meeting. These people 6 their own schedules and commitments without complaint. Some of them are fathers of kids at the school, while others are not but expect the youth in their community to know they have a(n) 7 village behind them.
Now, anyone who wants to enter the school with 8 will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes. It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just 9 you into checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied.
Since Dads on Duty arrived on campus, gang battles have 10 declined. “The school has been 11 . You can feel it,” said one student. Another told The Washington Post, “They 12 all the kids like we’re their own children.”
The dads aren’t meant to 13 security guards. If they do see a(n) 14 may occur, they get security on the scene as soon as possible. Their presence is meant to be more 15 than reactionary.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国一所高中的校园里,有一个值班的队伍由父亲组成,被称为“值班父亲团”。他们的存在让校园的帮派现象变少,让校园欢快起来。
1. A. regular B. difficult
C. emergency D. scheduled
答案:C
解析:根据上文的“Gang(团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School.”可知,因为帮派现象愈演愈烈,所以一些社区活跃分子和父母、校长举行了一次紧急(emergency)会议。scheduled“按时刻表的”。故选C。
2. A. on duty B. in attendance
C. at work D. under guard
答案:B
解析:根据上文的“Some community activists held a(n) 1 meeting with
parents and the principal.”可知,父母参与了会议,所以此处应是出席的
(in attendance)父亲们。at work“在工作”;under guard“在看守下”。故
选B。
3. A. voice B. status C. effort D. presence
答案:D
解析:根据下文的“known on campus”并结合上文内容可知,应是让大家知道他们的存在(presence)。status“地位”。故选D。
4. A. safe B. hardworking
答案:A
解析:根据上文的“Gang(团伙) tensions were rising... and the principal.”可知,因为帮派关系逐渐紧张,父亲们才参与会议。故可推知,此处是说目的是确保校园内孩子们是安全的(safe)。hardworking“努力的”;equal“平等的”。故选A。
C. healthy D. equal
5. A. practiced B. started
C. gathered D. prepared
答案:B
解析:根据上文的“Around 40 men were organized into six-person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day.”可知,父亲们开始分工,大约40名男子组成6人班,每天在校园内两班。之后父亲们就开始(started)值班。gather“聚集”。故选B。
6. A. check B. maintain
C. sacrifice D. arrange
答案:C
解析:根据下文的“without complaint”可知,父亲们个个毫无抱怨地主动牺牲(sacrifice)自己的时间和事情。maintain“保持”。故选C。
7. A. large B. wild C. entire D. local
答案:C
解析:根据上文的“expect the youth in their community to know”以及下文的“village behind them”并结合选项可知,此处表达“他们背后有全(entire)社区的支持”。故选C。
8. A. confusion B. anger
C. fright D. shock
答案:B
解析:根据下文的“will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes”可知,需要避开父亲们的笑容和玩笑。结合选项可知,应是带着愤怒(anger)的人需要避开父亲们,且anger与空后的big smiles相对应。故选B。
9. A. tricked B. persuaded
C. forced D. scared
答案:A
解析:根据下文的“checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied”可知,无数次检查你的鞋带,却发现它们实际上并没有开,所以应是欺骗(tricked)你检查。persuade“说服”;force“强迫”;scare“惊吓”。故选A。
10. A. never B. unexpectedly
C. further D. dramatically
答案:D
解析:根据语境和常识可知,自从父亲们进入校园值班,校园帮派斗争明显(dramatically)减少了。unexpectedly“意外地”。故选D。
11. A. happy B. curious
C. cautious D. innovative
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,校园帮派斗争明显减少,校园不再令人恐惧,学生们有安全感,校园变得欢快(happy)了。curious“好奇的”;cautious“小心的”;innovative“创新的”。故选A。
12. A. yell at B. interact with
C. make fun of D. look up to
答案:B
解析:根据语境“像我们是他们自己的孩子一样”可知,此处描述的是父亲们和孩子们之间的交往方式。yell at“对……大声叫喊”;interact with“与……互动”;make fun of“嘲笑”;look up to“仰慕”。故选B。
13. A. change B. post
C. replace D. criticize
答案:C
解析:根据下文的“they get security on the scene as soon as possible”可知,父亲们会呼叫保安,所以不是来替代(replace)他们的。故选C。
14. A. debate B. theft C. fight D. instance
答案:C
解析:根据语境并结合选项可知,当父亲们确定看到可能出现校园打斗(fight)现象时,他们会尽快呼叫保安。故选C。
15. A. practical B. extraordinary
C. temporary D. preventive
答案:D
解析:根据上文的“If they do see a(n) 14 may occur, they get security
on the scene as soon as possible.”可知,看到可能发生打斗就会尽快呼叫
保安,提前预防,所以他们的存在更多的是预防性质的(preventive)。
practical“实际的”;extraordinary“非同寻常的”;temporary“临时
的”。故选D。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①tension n. 紧张;紧张局势 ②activist n. 积极分子,活跃分子 ③shift n.轮班 v. 转移;变换 ④commitment n. 承诺;奉献,投入 ⑤security n. 安全 ⑥reactionary adj. 反动的,保守的 n. 反动分子
[长难句分析]
(第三段第二句)It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just tricked you into checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied.
分析:It作形式主语,不定式短语为真正的主语;when引导时间状语从句;only to find...为结果状语;that引导宾语从句。
译文:当某人的叔叔骗你检查鞋带无数次,却发现它们其实没有解开时,你很难成为一个硬汉了。
Test 2
体裁:记叙文 词数:227
话题:难忘的旅行 建议用时:15分钟
When I was in third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to be more than just a 1 journey; it was a journey of discovery into our 2 .
Every day, Dad 3 us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming 4 . We went through diverse 5 from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West.
One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I 6 a particularly rough path. Frightened, I 7 , not knowing how to proceed. That’s when my parents 8 .
As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming 9 and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I 10 the confidence as my feet 11 solid ground again. When I finally overcame my fear, I felt we became 12 as a family.
From then on, every evening, we’d gather around a campfire for what we 13 called “Family Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we’d share laughter, 14 , and insights from the day’s experiences.
The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds formed when we face 15 together.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章以作者全家旅行途中发生的一个突发情况为切入点,在父母的共同帮助下,作者克服恐惧,重拾自信,并由此发现家人之间的关系更亲近了。
1. A. crowded B. physical
C. creative D. necessary
答案:B
解析:根据上文中的“my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country”可知,这既然是一次难忘的旅行,就不能仅仅是身体上的(physical)消耗。crowded“拥挤的”;creative“创造(性)的”。故选B。
2. A. relationships B. potentials
C. dreams D. inspirations
答案:A
解析:根据全文内容可知,通过旅途中的事件,让作者全家人关系更近了。由此可知,这不仅是身体上的旅行,更是一次探索家庭关系(relationships)的旅程。potential“潜力”;inspiration“灵感”。故选A。
3. A. guided B. encouraged
C. comforted D. attracted
答案:A
解析:根据下文中的“his trusty road map”可知,父亲用地图的目的是指引(guided)“我们”。attract“吸引”。故选A。
4. A. events B. stations
C. locations D. shows
答案:C
解析:根据上文中的“shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming”可知,母亲不仅分享各种民间故事,还画了关于即将到达的地点(locations)的图片。event“事件”。故选C。
5. A. cultures B. landscapes
C. groups D. countries
答案:B
解析:根据下文中的“from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West”可知,作者全家经历了从茂密的森林到西部广阔的沙漠的各种景象,这些都属于沿途经历的风景(landscapes)。故选B。
6. A. imagined B. constructed
C. smoothed D. encountered
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“while hiking through the Grand Canyon”可知,作者徒步大峡谷时,遇到(encountered)了一条特别崎岖的道路。construct“建造,建筑,修建”;smooth“使光滑”。故选D。
7. A. froze B. flew C. fell D. forgot
答案:A
解析:根据下文中的“not knowing how to proceed”可知,作者僵(froze)在那里,不知道如何继续前行。故选A。
8. A. reached down B. stood aside
C. stepped in D. turned back
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的“Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me”可知,父母这个时候介入(stepped in)了,都在想方设法帮助作者。reach down“伸手去拿(高处的东西)”;stand aside“置身事外”;turn back“往回走”。故选C。
9. A. words B. worries
C. noises D. thoughts
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,母亲用平静的话语(words)指导作者,让作者克服恐惧。故选A。
10. A. lost B. maintained
C. demonstrated D. restored
答案:D
解析:根据上文可知,母亲平静的话语安抚了作者,因此作者恢复(restored)了信心。maintain“保持,维持”;demonstrate“证明,证实,说明”。故选D。
11. A. left B. broke C. found D. dug
答案:C
解析:根据下文中的again可知,之前作者不知道如何前进,经过父母的帮助,作者冷静下来,找到(found)坚实的地面。故选C。
12. A. nicer B. tougher
C. braver D. closer
答案:D
解析:根据上文中的“When I finally overcame my fear”可知,作者在父母的帮助下,战胜了恐惧。经过本次事件,一家人关系更亲密(closer)了。故选D。
13. A. originally B. affectionately
C. frequently D. nearly
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,历经此事,全家每晚都会聚集在篝火旁,亲切地(affectionately)称之为“家庭反思时间”。originally“原先,最初”;frequently“频繁地”。故选B。
14. A. sympathies B. conflicts
C. tears D. profits
答案:C
解析:根据上文描述的大家聚在篝火旁反思可知,全家人一起分享欢笑和眼泪(tears),还有一天的经历。sympathy“同情”;conflict“冲突”。故选C。
15. A. challenges B. defeats
C. oppositions D. uncertainties
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route”可知,这次旅行使作者懂得,旅行的真正意义不仅仅是关于到达目的地,而是关于路途中的个人成长以及面对困难时建立的家庭纽带。作者经历了一次挑战,感觉家人的关系更近了。因此得出结论:家庭纽带是在共同面对挑战(challenges)时形成的。uncertainty“不确定性”。故选A。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①trusty adj. 可信任的,可信赖的 ②upcoming adj. 即将发生(或来临)的 ③proceed v. 继续做;行进,前往 ④foothold n. 立足点;立足处 ⑤session n. 会议,会期;一场,一节
[长难句分析]
(第三段第二句)Frightened, I froze, not knowing how to proceed.
分析:Frightened为形容词作状语;not knowing...为现在分词短语作状语;how to proceed作宾语。
译文:我感到害怕,僵在那里,不知道该怎么继续前行。