高考英语二轮复习语境7创新与创业意识课件（共48张）
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习语境7创新与创业意识课件（共48张） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-11-14 14:43:59 | ||
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(共48张PPT)
语境7 创新与创业意识
语境7 创新与创业意识
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Most teenagers are still trying to find their passion and purpose in life. However， not Gitanjali Rao. The 15－year－old girl at STEM School Highlands Ranch has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten. It is， therefore， not surprising that the youngster was selected from 5，000 equally impressive nominees(被提名者)－aged 8 to 16－for TIME Magazine’s first－ever “Kid of the Year”.
The young girl， who knew she wanted to bring change and positivity to her community since third grade， was just ten years old when she heard about the lead－tainted(含铅的) water in Flint， Michigan， in 2015. After spending two months researching how the area’s drinking water became polluted， Rao began designing a device called Tethys， which attaches to a cellphone and informs the resident via an APP if their drinking water contains traces of the noxious metal. The prototype(模型) earned her the Young Scientist Challenge Award in 2017. A start－up businessman is working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys’ potential and hopes the device will be ready for commercial use.
In 2019， Rao took on another social issue drug abuse. The apps she designed won the Pillar Prize at the Innovation Student Challenge， which helps to catch drug addiction in young adults before it’s too late. Rao said. “I wanted to come up with a way to diagnose such addiction at a nearly stage so you can take action earlier.”
More recently， the teenager has created another inspiring app. “I started to label some words that could be considered bullying， and then the computer search engine took those words and identified words that are similar. You type in a word or phrase， and it’s able topic kit up if it’s bullying， and it gives you the option to edit it or send it the way it is.” Rao told editor Angelina in an interview. “The goal is not to punish. Instead， it gives you the chance to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.”
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了15岁的Gitanjali Rao的成就和贡献。Gitanjali从10岁起就致力于解决世界性问题，她发明了检测饮用水中铅含量的装置Tethys，并设计了帮助识别药物成瘾和校园欺凌的应用软件。她的创新和积极贡献使她荣获《时代》杂志首届“年度儿童”称号。
1. What led to Gitanjali Rao’s being selected as “Kid of the Year”？
A. She has passion for STEM courses.
B. She is the founder of a popular magazine.
C. She addressed world problems creatively.
D. She beat 5，000 candidates to enter a school.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The 15－year－old girl at STEM School Highlands Ranch has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten. It is， therefore， not surprising that the youngster was selected from 5，000 equally impressive nominees(被提名者)－aged 8 to 16－for TIME Magazine’s first－ever 'Kid of the Year'.(这个15岁的女孩从10岁起就开始为全球性问题提出创新的解决方案。因此，这个年轻人从5 000名8到16岁的同样令人印象深刻的提名者中脱颖而出，成为《时代》杂志有史以来第一个”年度儿童“，也就不足为奇了。)”可知，为全球性问题提出创新的解决方案，即创造性地处理世界问题，让Gitanjali Rao当选为“年度儿童”。故选C项。
答案：C
2. What does the underlined word “noxious” mean in Paragraph 2？
A. Precious. B. Harmful.
C. Rare. D. Polluted.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The young girl， who knew she wanted to bring change and positivity to her community since third grade， was just ten years old when she heard about the lead－tainted(含铅的) water in Flint， Michigan， in 2015. After spending two months researching how the area’s drinking water became polluted(这个小女孩从三年级起就知道她想为她的社区带来改变和积极性，2015年，当她听说密歇根州弗林特市的铅污染水时，她才10岁。
在花了两个月的时间研究该地区的饮用水是如何被污染的之后)”可知，10岁的Rao去研究解决的是铅污染水的问题；画线词所在部分“Rao began designing a device called Tethys， which attaches to a cellphone and informs the resident via an APP if their drinking water contains traces of the noxious metal(Rao开始设计一种名为Tethys的设备，它可以连接到手机上，通过应用程序通知居民他们的饮用水是否含有noxious金属的痕迹)”可推知，Rao的设备可以帮助居民发现饮用水中是否含有有害金属。画线词noxious作定语，与harmful同义，意为“有害的”。故选B项。
答案：B
3. What is the goal of the app against cyber bullying？
A. To give a punishment for bullying.
B. To guide users to send proper words.
C. To withdraw bullying messages.
D. To help find more accurate expressions.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“'You type in a word or phrase， and it’s able topic kit up if it’s bullying， and it gives you the option to edit it or send it the way it is.' Rao told editor Angelina in an interview. 'The goal is not to punish. Instead， it gives you the chance to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.'(”你输入一个单词或短语，它就会显示出它是否属于欺凌行为，并让你选择编辑它或按原样发送它。“Rao在接受采访时告诉编辑安吉丽娜。”目的不是惩罚。相反，它给你机会重新思考你说的话，这样你就知道下次该怎么做。“)”可推知，反网络欺凌应用程序的目的是帮助用户识别欺凌相关词汇，进而引导用户发送恰当的词语。故选B项。
答案：B
4. Which of the following can best describe Gitanjali Rao？
A. Responsible and productive.
B. Generous and aggressive.
C. Emotional and cautious.
D. Flexible and dynamic.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most teenagers are still trying to find their passion and purpose in life. However， not Gitanjali Rao. The 15－year－old girl at STEM School Highlands Ranch has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten.(大多数青少年仍在努力寻找他们的激情和生活目标。
然而，Gitanjali Rao不是。这个15岁的女孩从10岁起就开始为全球性问题提出创新的解决方案。)”可知，Gitanjali Rao从10岁起就开始致力于解决全球性问题，说明她非常具有社会责任感(responsible)；根据第二段中的“After spending two months researching how the area’s drinking water became polluted， Rao began designing a device called Tethys， which attaches to a cellphone and informs the resident via an APP if their drinking water contains traces of the noxious metal.(在花了两个月的时间研究该地区的饮用水是如何被污染的之后，Rao开始设计一种名为Tethys的设备，它可以连接到手机上，通过应用程序通知居民他们的饮用水是否含有有毒金属的痕迹。)”
答案：A
以及第三段中的“In 2019， Rao took on another social issue drug abuse. The apps she designed won the Pillar Prize at the Innovation Student Challenge， which helps to catch drug addiction in young adults before it’s too late.(2019年，Rao开始关注另一个社会问题——毒品滥用。她设计的应用程序赢得了创新学生挑战赛的支柱奖，该挑战赛旨在帮助年轻人在为时已晚之前抓住毒瘾。)”和最后一段中的“More recently， the teenager has created another inspiring app.(最近，这个少女又开发了另一个鼓舞人心的应用程序。)”可知，Gitanjali Rao解决了很多实际问题，有很多重要的发现和创造，因此这个少女是个富有成效(productive)的人。故选A项。
B
While lifting weights one day， I heard a loud click on my back. I was rushed to the emergency room， where I was told the pain would eventually disappear. It didn’t， however. What I’ve learned about pain since then－both as a patient and as a physician－has me questioning how we treat it.
Vania Apkarian， one of the world’s leading pain researchers， told me the classic idea is that pain continues as long as the injury does， but the injury and pain it produces end up being separate. “Although MRIs(核磁共振) are reliable indicators of injury， they are not reliable indicators of pain，” he says. A review of 33 studies found that among a group of 20－year－olds without any back pain， 37 percent had disc degeneration(腰椎间盘退化) on MRI. And in people whose backs hurt， MRI results have absolutely no connection with their pain.
This is a really big deal： millions of people in the U. S. alone get MRIs for back pain. Yet 5 percent of them were medically justified， and of those who received MRIs， 65 percent received potentially harmful advice－including calls for risky back surgery that probably wouldn’t have resolved their pain. I could have been one of those people， yet when I took my MRI films to an experienced surgeon， he told me an operation might leave my back worse off.
If MRI doesn’t explain long－lasting pains， what does？ One major factor is our mentality. A recent trial has revealed the power of therapies(疗法) that target how we think about discomfort. People who are anxious about being in pain are twice as likely to develop long time pain.
A thorough examination of pain and its origins should encourage efforts to make sure everyone in pain receives kindness and respect， as well as access to more than pills and surgical procedures. Fully accepting the complexity of pain can open the door to new and innovative ways to ensure that even if we hurt， we don’t have to suffer.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于疼痛的话题，指出核磁共振(MRI)并非判断疼痛的可靠指标，并提出长期疼痛的一个重要因素是我们的心态。最后，文章强调了全面理解疼痛及其起源的重要性，并提倡创新的疼痛治疗方式。
5. What does Paragraph 2 imply？
A. Back pain is not necessarily an emergency case.
B. MRI tests can’t give a full picture of one’s condition.
C. Minor injuries can lead to severe pain.
D. Bone problems begin to bother the young.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Although MRIs(核磁共振) are reliable indicators of injury， they are not reliable indicators of pain(虽然核磁共振是判断受伤的可靠指标，但它们并不是判断疼痛的可靠指标)”和“A review of 33 studies found that among a group of 20－year－olds without any back pain， 37 percent had disc degeneration(腰椎间盘退化) on MRI. And in people whose backs hurt， MRI results have absolutely no connection with their pain.(一项对33项研究的回顾发现，MRI显示在一群没有背痛的20岁年轻人中，37％的人有腰椎间盘退化。对于背部疼痛的人来说，核磁共振成像结果与他们的疼痛完全没有关系。)”可知，MRI检查结果与疼痛没有绝对的联系。由此推知，不能仅凭MRI检查结果来判断一个人的疼痛情况，MRI检查结果并不能完全反映一个人的状况。故选B项。
答案：B
6. What can we learn from the author’s personal story？
A. He found his back surgery medically justified.
B. The surgeon misled him about the back injury.
C. A surgery might do him more harm than good.
D. Being a physician helps him treat his back pain.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“yet when I took my MRI films to an experienced surgeon， he told me an operation might leave my back worse off(然而，当我拿着MRI胶片去找一位经验丰富的外科医生时，他告诉我手术可能会让我的背部状况更糟)”可知，在作者的经历中，手术可能带给他的不是好处，而是更大的伤害。故选C项。
答案：C
7. According to the author， what should a patient with long－lasting pain do？
A. Consult professionals to receive surgeries.
B. Have painkillers as early as possible.
C. Take comprehensive MRI examinations.
D. Acquire a thorough understanding of the pain.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“A thorough examination of pain and its origins should encourage efforts to make sure everyone in pain receives kindness and respect， as well as access to more than pills and surgical procedures. Fully accepting the complexity of pain can open the door to new and innovative ways to ensure that even if we hurt， we don’t have to suffer.(对疼痛及其根源的深入研究应鼓励人们努力确保每个经历疼痛的人都能得到善待和尊重，并且除了药物和手术之外，还能获得更多帮助。完全接受疼痛的复杂性可以为创新和新颖的方法打开大门，以确保即使我们受伤，也不必承受痛苦。)”可推知，作者认为对于长期疼痛的患者来说，不仅仅是依赖药物或手术，还应该彻底了解疼痛的原因，获得对痛苦的彻底理解。故选D项。
答案：D
8. What is a suitable title for the text？
A. Origins of Pain B. Killers of Pain
C. Victims of Pain D. Effects of Pain
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第四段中的“If MRI doesn’t explain long－lasting pains， what does？ One major factor is our mentality.(如果核磁共振不能解释持久疼痛，那什么能解释呢？一个主要因素是我们的心态。)”可知，全文主要讨论了关于疼痛的话题，指出核磁共振(MRI)并非判断疼痛的可靠指标，并提出长期疼痛的一个重要因素是我们的心态，强调了全面理解疼痛及其起源的重要性。因此，最适合的标题是“疼痛的起源”。故选A项。
C
What will you do when you feel like a failure？ Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you， but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you’re ready， take action and challenge yourself.
As some friends were deeply lost in the world of yoga and mindfulness， I’ve personally struggled with the feeling of failure， not on the yoga mat， but on the road to my entrepreneurship(创业). It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business， driven by my passion and a dream.
In the early days， optimism flowed freely， but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However， every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes， adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors， friends and family， sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long－term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough， and my hard work paid off. Over the years， I faced many more failures， but I refused to let them define me.
Today， looking back at my journey， I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility， perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today－someone who doesn’t fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation， remember that success is not about avoiding failure， but about how we rise after we fall. Let’s support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive， stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者创业的经历告诉读者，不要让失败定义自己，而是要从中学习，然后站起来迎接挑战。
9. What is the function of Paragraph 1？
A. To give the definition of failure.
B. To list some examples of failure.
C. To introduce the topic of the story.
D. To stress the importance of experience.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“What will you do when you feel like a failure？ Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you， but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you’re ready， take action and challenge yourself.(当你觉得自己很失败时，你会怎么做？感觉失败是人类经历的一部分。善待自己，要明白失败并不能定义你，但它是你人生旅途上的一块垫脚石。当你准备好了，采取行动，挑战自己。)”并结合下文作者陈述自己从创业经历中明白失败是不可避免的，要从失败中学习，积极地面对挑战推知，第一段的作用是引出故事的主题。故选C。
答案：C
10. What made the author start a business？
A. Internal motivation.
B. Advice from a coach.
C. Family financial crisis.
D. Encouragement from friends.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business， driven by my passion and a dream.(这一切都始于几年前，在我的激情和梦想的驱使下，我全身心地投入了这个行业。)”可知，作者创业是因为激情和梦想， 即内驱力。故选A。
11. What can be concluded from the author’s entrepreneurial experience？
A. To teach is to learn.
B. A word spoken is past recalling.
C. Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the early days， optimism flowed freely， but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However， every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes， adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors， friends and family， sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long－term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough， and my hard work paid off.
(在最初的日子里，乐观情绪随处可见，但很快就出现了财务困难和不眠之夜。我质疑自己的决定，觉得自己真是太失败了。然而，每一个困难都成为成长的垫脚石。我从失败中学到的比从成功中学到的要多，在每一个障碍中适应并变得更强大。我向老师、朋友和家人求助，寻求建议，慢慢地看到了一线希望。一个决定性的时刻是我获得了第一个长期的教练合作伙伴关系。这是一个突破，我的努力得到了回报。)”可知，作者从一次次失败中学习，最终获得了一个长期合作伙伴，努力得到了回报。由此推知，我们可以从作者的创业经历中了解到“滴水穿石”的道理。故选C。
答案：C
12. What does the author want to do in the last paragraph？
A. Inspire us with his lessons.
B. Persuade us to major in business.
C. Recall the key moments of his entrepreneurship.
D. Advocate avoiding obstacles on the way to success.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today， looking back at my journey， I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility， perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today－someone who doesn’t fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation， remember that success is not about avoiding failure， but about how we rise after we fall. Let’s support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive， stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
(今天，回顾我的人生历程，我意识到那些感觉失败的时刻对我的成功至关重要。他们教会了我谦卑、毅力和努力工作的价值。他们把我塑造成了今天这样一个成功的企业家——一个不害怕失败，把失败视为通往成功之路的必要组成部分的人。在我们即将毕业之际，请记住，成功不在于避免失败，而在于我们如何在失败后站起来。让我们在这段叫做生活的旅程中互相支持。保持积极，保持灵感，做真实的自己。)”推知，作者用自己创业的经验教训来激励读者。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅱ.七选五
The Importance of Inventions
They say necessity is the mother of invention， but invention drives the economy. The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. 1 And it goes beyond culture. The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for innovation， but none of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on demand. With that one advancement， in came the fastest－changing period in human history and the greatest population growth， too.
2 Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and reduce exposure to human waste， which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in. The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease， which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy. 3
People eat better， and more safely， because of innovations we now take for granted like the refrigerator， the oven and running tap water. Daily life at work has transformed because heavy－lifting jobs can be done by forklifts. In fact， technology is reaching a new height. 4 More people than ever before need to sit for work， with office jobs and the like changing our fitness level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday.
Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by playing games. 5 How people communicate， work， eat， travel， shop is all subject to innovation and invention. Advances don’t always improve life， though， as many people are learning through the constant－access struggles of smartphones and ever－present noise pollution in cities.
E. Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence.
F. New technologies often simplify the average person’s life.
G. And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明之母，但发明才是经济的动力。
A. Innovation shapes the way life is lived.
B. They can turn to their phone， TV or radio.
C. Factories are using robots for many tasks now.
D. They have affected the way we consume media.
答案：A
1.解析：根据空前内容“The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world.”以及空后内容“And it goes beyond culture...”可知，空前和空后讲述的是发明的重要性。A项“创新塑造了人们的生活方式。”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创新给人们的生活带来的变化。空后的it指的就是A项中的Innovation。故选A。
答案：E
2.解析：根据空后内容“Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and...which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in...”可知，下文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们生活的各个方面。E项“发明影响现代生活的方方面面。”与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。
答案：G
3.解析：根据空前内容“The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease， which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy.”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，所以上文讲的是发明与人类生命的关系。G项“这导致了地球人口在过去150年里急剧增长。”与上文构成因果关系，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。故选G。
答案：C
4.解析：根据空前内容“Daily life at work has transformed because...”可知，上文讲述的是发明对工作的影响。C项“工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作。”承接上文内容，同时与下文“More people than ever before need to sit for work， with office jobs and...”保持一致，正因为工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。
答案：B
5.解析：根据空前内容“Even entertainment has changed because...”可知，上文提到的是人们不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。B项“他们可以转向手机、电视或收音机。”承接上文内容，进一步说明发明给娱乐方式带来的变化。选项中的They指代上文的people。故选B。
语境7 创新与创业意识
语境7 创新与创业意识
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Most teenagers are still trying to find their passion and purpose in life. However， not Gitanjali Rao. The 15－year－old girl at STEM School Highlands Ranch has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten. It is， therefore， not surprising that the youngster was selected from 5，000 equally impressive nominees(被提名者)－aged 8 to 16－for TIME Magazine’s first－ever “Kid of the Year”.
The young girl， who knew she wanted to bring change and positivity to her community since third grade， was just ten years old when she heard about the lead－tainted(含铅的) water in Flint， Michigan， in 2015. After spending two months researching how the area’s drinking water became polluted， Rao began designing a device called Tethys， which attaches to a cellphone and informs the resident via an APP if their drinking water contains traces of the noxious metal. The prototype(模型) earned her the Young Scientist Challenge Award in 2017. A start－up businessman is working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys’ potential and hopes the device will be ready for commercial use.
In 2019， Rao took on another social issue drug abuse. The apps she designed won the Pillar Prize at the Innovation Student Challenge， which helps to catch drug addiction in young adults before it’s too late. Rao said. “I wanted to come up with a way to diagnose such addiction at a nearly stage so you can take action earlier.”
More recently， the teenager has created another inspiring app. “I started to label some words that could be considered bullying， and then the computer search engine took those words and identified words that are similar. You type in a word or phrase， and it’s able topic kit up if it’s bullying， and it gives you the option to edit it or send it the way it is.” Rao told editor Angelina in an interview. “The goal is not to punish. Instead， it gives you the chance to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.”
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了15岁的Gitanjali Rao的成就和贡献。Gitanjali从10岁起就致力于解决世界性问题，她发明了检测饮用水中铅含量的装置Tethys，并设计了帮助识别药物成瘾和校园欺凌的应用软件。她的创新和积极贡献使她荣获《时代》杂志首届“年度儿童”称号。
1. What led to Gitanjali Rao’s being selected as “Kid of the Year”？
A. She has passion for STEM courses.
B. She is the founder of a popular magazine.
C. She addressed world problems creatively.
D. She beat 5，000 candidates to enter a school.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The 15－year－old girl at STEM School Highlands Ranch has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten. It is， therefore， not surprising that the youngster was selected from 5，000 equally impressive nominees(被提名者)－aged 8 to 16－for TIME Magazine’s first－ever 'Kid of the Year'.(这个15岁的女孩从10岁起就开始为全球性问题提出创新的解决方案。因此，这个年轻人从5 000名8到16岁的同样令人印象深刻的提名者中脱颖而出，成为《时代》杂志有史以来第一个”年度儿童“，也就不足为奇了。)”可知，为全球性问题提出创新的解决方案，即创造性地处理世界问题，让Gitanjali Rao当选为“年度儿童”。故选C项。
答案：C
2. What does the underlined word “noxious” mean in Paragraph 2？
A. Precious. B. Harmful.
C. Rare. D. Polluted.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The young girl， who knew she wanted to bring change and positivity to her community since third grade， was just ten years old when she heard about the lead－tainted(含铅的) water in Flint， Michigan， in 2015. After spending two months researching how the area’s drinking water became polluted(这个小女孩从三年级起就知道她想为她的社区带来改变和积极性，2015年，当她听说密歇根州弗林特市的铅污染水时，她才10岁。
在花了两个月的时间研究该地区的饮用水是如何被污染的之后)”可知，10岁的Rao去研究解决的是铅污染水的问题；画线词所在部分“Rao began designing a device called Tethys， which attaches to a cellphone and informs the resident via an APP if their drinking water contains traces of the noxious metal(Rao开始设计一种名为Tethys的设备，它可以连接到手机上，通过应用程序通知居民他们的饮用水是否含有noxious金属的痕迹)”可推知，Rao的设备可以帮助居民发现饮用水中是否含有有害金属。画线词noxious作定语，与harmful同义，意为“有害的”。故选B项。
答案：B
3. What is the goal of the app against cyber bullying？
A. To give a punishment for bullying.
B. To guide users to send proper words.
C. To withdraw bullying messages.
D. To help find more accurate expressions.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“'You type in a word or phrase， and it’s able topic kit up if it’s bullying， and it gives you the option to edit it or send it the way it is.' Rao told editor Angelina in an interview. 'The goal is not to punish. Instead， it gives you the chance to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.'(”你输入一个单词或短语，它就会显示出它是否属于欺凌行为，并让你选择编辑它或按原样发送它。“Rao在接受采访时告诉编辑安吉丽娜。”目的不是惩罚。相反，它给你机会重新思考你说的话，这样你就知道下次该怎么做。“)”可推知，反网络欺凌应用程序的目的是帮助用户识别欺凌相关词汇，进而引导用户发送恰当的词语。故选B项。
答案：B
4. Which of the following can best describe Gitanjali Rao？
A. Responsible and productive.
B. Generous and aggressive.
C. Emotional and cautious.
D. Flexible and dynamic.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most teenagers are still trying to find their passion and purpose in life. However， not Gitanjali Rao. The 15－year－old girl at STEM School Highlands Ranch has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten.(大多数青少年仍在努力寻找他们的激情和生活目标。
然而，Gitanjali Rao不是。这个15岁的女孩从10岁起就开始为全球性问题提出创新的解决方案。)”可知，Gitanjali Rao从10岁起就开始致力于解决全球性问题，说明她非常具有社会责任感(responsible)；根据第二段中的“After spending two months researching how the area’s drinking water became polluted， Rao began designing a device called Tethys， which attaches to a cellphone and informs the resident via an APP if their drinking water contains traces of the noxious metal.(在花了两个月的时间研究该地区的饮用水是如何被污染的之后，Rao开始设计一种名为Tethys的设备，它可以连接到手机上，通过应用程序通知居民他们的饮用水是否含有有毒金属的痕迹。)”
答案：A
以及第三段中的“In 2019， Rao took on another social issue drug abuse. The apps she designed won the Pillar Prize at the Innovation Student Challenge， which helps to catch drug addiction in young adults before it’s too late.(2019年，Rao开始关注另一个社会问题——毒品滥用。她设计的应用程序赢得了创新学生挑战赛的支柱奖，该挑战赛旨在帮助年轻人在为时已晚之前抓住毒瘾。)”和最后一段中的“More recently， the teenager has created another inspiring app.(最近，这个少女又开发了另一个鼓舞人心的应用程序。)”可知，Gitanjali Rao解决了很多实际问题，有很多重要的发现和创造，因此这个少女是个富有成效(productive)的人。故选A项。
B
While lifting weights one day， I heard a loud click on my back. I was rushed to the emergency room， where I was told the pain would eventually disappear. It didn’t， however. What I’ve learned about pain since then－both as a patient and as a physician－has me questioning how we treat it.
Vania Apkarian， one of the world’s leading pain researchers， told me the classic idea is that pain continues as long as the injury does， but the injury and pain it produces end up being separate. “Although MRIs(核磁共振) are reliable indicators of injury， they are not reliable indicators of pain，” he says. A review of 33 studies found that among a group of 20－year－olds without any back pain， 37 percent had disc degeneration(腰椎间盘退化) on MRI. And in people whose backs hurt， MRI results have absolutely no connection with their pain.
This is a really big deal： millions of people in the U. S. alone get MRIs for back pain. Yet 5 percent of them were medically justified， and of those who received MRIs， 65 percent received potentially harmful advice－including calls for risky back surgery that probably wouldn’t have resolved their pain. I could have been one of those people， yet when I took my MRI films to an experienced surgeon， he told me an operation might leave my back worse off.
If MRI doesn’t explain long－lasting pains， what does？ One major factor is our mentality. A recent trial has revealed the power of therapies(疗法) that target how we think about discomfort. People who are anxious about being in pain are twice as likely to develop long time pain.
A thorough examination of pain and its origins should encourage efforts to make sure everyone in pain receives kindness and respect， as well as access to more than pills and surgical procedures. Fully accepting the complexity of pain can open the door to new and innovative ways to ensure that even if we hurt， we don’t have to suffer.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于疼痛的话题，指出核磁共振(MRI)并非判断疼痛的可靠指标，并提出长期疼痛的一个重要因素是我们的心态。最后，文章强调了全面理解疼痛及其起源的重要性，并提倡创新的疼痛治疗方式。
5. What does Paragraph 2 imply？
A. Back pain is not necessarily an emergency case.
B. MRI tests can’t give a full picture of one’s condition.
C. Minor injuries can lead to severe pain.
D. Bone problems begin to bother the young.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Although MRIs(核磁共振) are reliable indicators of injury， they are not reliable indicators of pain(虽然核磁共振是判断受伤的可靠指标，但它们并不是判断疼痛的可靠指标)”和“A review of 33 studies found that among a group of 20－year－olds without any back pain， 37 percent had disc degeneration(腰椎间盘退化) on MRI. And in people whose backs hurt， MRI results have absolutely no connection with their pain.(一项对33项研究的回顾发现，MRI显示在一群没有背痛的20岁年轻人中，37％的人有腰椎间盘退化。对于背部疼痛的人来说，核磁共振成像结果与他们的疼痛完全没有关系。)”可知，MRI检查结果与疼痛没有绝对的联系。由此推知，不能仅凭MRI检查结果来判断一个人的疼痛情况，MRI检查结果并不能完全反映一个人的状况。故选B项。
答案：B
6. What can we learn from the author’s personal story？
A. He found his back surgery medically justified.
B. The surgeon misled him about the back injury.
C. A surgery might do him more harm than good.
D. Being a physician helps him treat his back pain.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“yet when I took my MRI films to an experienced surgeon， he told me an operation might leave my back worse off(然而，当我拿着MRI胶片去找一位经验丰富的外科医生时，他告诉我手术可能会让我的背部状况更糟)”可知，在作者的经历中，手术可能带给他的不是好处，而是更大的伤害。故选C项。
答案：C
7. According to the author， what should a patient with long－lasting pain do？
A. Consult professionals to receive surgeries.
B. Have painkillers as early as possible.
C. Take comprehensive MRI examinations.
D. Acquire a thorough understanding of the pain.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“A thorough examination of pain and its origins should encourage efforts to make sure everyone in pain receives kindness and respect， as well as access to more than pills and surgical procedures. Fully accepting the complexity of pain can open the door to new and innovative ways to ensure that even if we hurt， we don’t have to suffer.(对疼痛及其根源的深入研究应鼓励人们努力确保每个经历疼痛的人都能得到善待和尊重，并且除了药物和手术之外，还能获得更多帮助。完全接受疼痛的复杂性可以为创新和新颖的方法打开大门，以确保即使我们受伤，也不必承受痛苦。)”可推知，作者认为对于长期疼痛的患者来说，不仅仅是依赖药物或手术，还应该彻底了解疼痛的原因，获得对痛苦的彻底理解。故选D项。
答案：D
8. What is a suitable title for the text？
A. Origins of Pain B. Killers of Pain
C. Victims of Pain D. Effects of Pain
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第四段中的“If MRI doesn’t explain long－lasting pains， what does？ One major factor is our mentality.(如果核磁共振不能解释持久疼痛，那什么能解释呢？一个主要因素是我们的心态。)”可知，全文主要讨论了关于疼痛的话题，指出核磁共振(MRI)并非判断疼痛的可靠指标，并提出长期疼痛的一个重要因素是我们的心态，强调了全面理解疼痛及其起源的重要性。因此，最适合的标题是“疼痛的起源”。故选A项。
C
What will you do when you feel like a failure？ Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you， but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you’re ready， take action and challenge yourself.
As some friends were deeply lost in the world of yoga and mindfulness， I’ve personally struggled with the feeling of failure， not on the yoga mat， but on the road to my entrepreneurship(创业). It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business， driven by my passion and a dream.
In the early days， optimism flowed freely， but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However， every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes， adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors， friends and family， sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long－term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough， and my hard work paid off. Over the years， I faced many more failures， but I refused to let them define me.
Today， looking back at my journey， I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility， perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today－someone who doesn’t fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation， remember that success is not about avoiding failure， but about how we rise after we fall. Let’s support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive， stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者创业的经历告诉读者，不要让失败定义自己，而是要从中学习，然后站起来迎接挑战。
9. What is the function of Paragraph 1？
A. To give the definition of failure.
B. To list some examples of failure.
C. To introduce the topic of the story.
D. To stress the importance of experience.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“What will you do when you feel like a failure？ Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you， but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you’re ready， take action and challenge yourself.(当你觉得自己很失败时，你会怎么做？感觉失败是人类经历的一部分。善待自己，要明白失败并不能定义你，但它是你人生旅途上的一块垫脚石。当你准备好了，采取行动，挑战自己。)”并结合下文作者陈述自己从创业经历中明白失败是不可避免的，要从失败中学习，积极地面对挑战推知，第一段的作用是引出故事的主题。故选C。
答案：C
10. What made the author start a business？
A. Internal motivation.
B. Advice from a coach.
C. Family financial crisis.
D. Encouragement from friends.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business， driven by my passion and a dream.(这一切都始于几年前，在我的激情和梦想的驱使下，我全身心地投入了这个行业。)”可知，作者创业是因为激情和梦想， 即内驱力。故选A。
11. What can be concluded from the author’s entrepreneurial experience？
A. To teach is to learn.
B. A word spoken is past recalling.
C. Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the early days， optimism flowed freely， but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However， every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes， adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors， friends and family， sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long－term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough， and my hard work paid off.
(在最初的日子里，乐观情绪随处可见，但很快就出现了财务困难和不眠之夜。我质疑自己的决定，觉得自己真是太失败了。然而，每一个困难都成为成长的垫脚石。我从失败中学到的比从成功中学到的要多，在每一个障碍中适应并变得更强大。我向老师、朋友和家人求助，寻求建议，慢慢地看到了一线希望。一个决定性的时刻是我获得了第一个长期的教练合作伙伴关系。这是一个突破，我的努力得到了回报。)”可知，作者从一次次失败中学习，最终获得了一个长期合作伙伴，努力得到了回报。由此推知，我们可以从作者的创业经历中了解到“滴水穿石”的道理。故选C。
答案：C
12. What does the author want to do in the last paragraph？
A. Inspire us with his lessons.
B. Persuade us to major in business.
C. Recall the key moments of his entrepreneurship.
D. Advocate avoiding obstacles on the way to success.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today， looking back at my journey， I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility， perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today－someone who doesn’t fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation， remember that success is not about avoiding failure， but about how we rise after we fall. Let’s support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive， stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
(今天，回顾我的人生历程，我意识到那些感觉失败的时刻对我的成功至关重要。他们教会了我谦卑、毅力和努力工作的价值。他们把我塑造成了今天这样一个成功的企业家——一个不害怕失败，把失败视为通往成功之路的必要组成部分的人。在我们即将毕业之际，请记住，成功不在于避免失败，而在于我们如何在失败后站起来。让我们在这段叫做生活的旅程中互相支持。保持积极，保持灵感，做真实的自己。)”推知，作者用自己创业的经验教训来激励读者。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅱ.七选五
The Importance of Inventions
They say necessity is the mother of invention， but invention drives the economy. The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. 1 And it goes beyond culture. The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for innovation， but none of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on demand. With that one advancement， in came the fastest－changing period in human history and the greatest population growth， too.
2 Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and reduce exposure to human waste， which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in. The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease， which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy. 3
People eat better， and more safely， because of innovations we now take for granted like the refrigerator， the oven and running tap water. Daily life at work has transformed because heavy－lifting jobs can be done by forklifts. In fact， technology is reaching a new height. 4 More people than ever before need to sit for work， with office jobs and the like changing our fitness level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday.
Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by playing games. 5 How people communicate， work， eat， travel， shop is all subject to innovation and invention. Advances don’t always improve life， though， as many people are learning through the constant－access struggles of smartphones and ever－present noise pollution in cities.
E. Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence.
F. New technologies often simplify the average person’s life.
G. And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明之母，但发明才是经济的动力。
A. Innovation shapes the way life is lived.
B. They can turn to their phone， TV or radio.
C. Factories are using robots for many tasks now.
D. They have affected the way we consume media.
答案：A
1.解析：根据空前内容“The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world.”以及空后内容“And it goes beyond culture...”可知，空前和空后讲述的是发明的重要性。A项“创新塑造了人们的生活方式。”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创新给人们的生活带来的变化。空后的it指的就是A项中的Innovation。故选A。
答案：E
2.解析：根据空后内容“Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and...which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in...”可知，下文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们生活的各个方面。E项“发明影响现代生活的方方面面。”与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。
答案：G
3.解析：根据空前内容“The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease， which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy.”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，所以上文讲的是发明与人类生命的关系。G项“这导致了地球人口在过去150年里急剧增长。”与上文构成因果关系，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。故选G。
答案：C
4.解析：根据空前内容“Daily life at work has transformed because...”可知，上文讲述的是发明对工作的影响。C项“工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作。”承接上文内容，同时与下文“More people than ever before need to sit for work， with office jobs and...”保持一致，正因为工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。
答案：B
5.解析：根据空前内容“Even entertainment has changed because...”可知，上文提到的是人们不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。B项“他们可以转向手机、电视或收音机。”承接上文内容，进一步说明发明给娱乐方式带来的变化。选项中的They指代上文的people。故选B。