高考英语复习语境10小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等课件（共42张）
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| 名称 | 高考英语复习语境10小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等课件（共42张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-14 14:47:53 | ||
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(共42张PPT)
语境10 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、
文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等
语境10 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Ensley Made Me a Poet
When I was one， my parents and I moved into a tiny apartment off 20th Street. I wrote my first poem sitting in the corner of my bedroom， surrounded by toys. I was 7 or 8 and the poem was for my best friend who had moved away. I was angry with him for being willing to leave me， and when I get angry， I get mean. I figured his leaving would be easier to face if I pushed him away first. But as soon as the moving truck pulled away， I realized how foolish I’d been.
So I wrote him a poem to apologize. The poem was terrible， of course， but with it， a lifelong love affair began－not with the boy who moved away， but with the written words. As an adult， I’d write poems about playing kickball in the parking lot of those Ensley apartment blocks， and poems about trips to see the candy lady and to the corner store.
When people ask me where in Birmingham I grew up， I sometimes say “Everywhere”. We moved around a lot and the neighborhoods of Birmingham find their way into so much of what I write.
I had to leave Birmingham to learn how to tell true stories in prose(散文). After college in Alabama and graduate school in Berkeley， California， I moved to Kentucky to be a newspaper reporter. My skill at writing personal essays landed me my own column and the chance to be included in a collection of essays published by Seal Press.
Then I came home.
In her book Writing Down the Bones， Natalie Goldberg writes， “It is very important to go home if you want your work to be whole. You must claim where you come from and look deep into e to honor and embrace it， or at the least， accept it.”
Now in Birmingham， I get to share my story in local magazines and on my blog. And I build my story through every friendship formed in this city of steel， sweat， and sweet tea.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者的诗歌创作历程。
1. Whose name is Ensley？
A. A toy’s. B. A boy’s.
C. A place’s. D. A store’s.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As an adult， I’d write poems about playing kickball... see the candy lady and to the corner store.”可知，作为一个成年人，我会写诗，有的是关于在Ensley公寓楼街区的停车场踢球，有的是关于去找卖糖果的女士或者街角店铺买东西的经历。由此可以推断出，Ensley是个地名。故选C。
2. What does Paragraph 4 tell us about the author？
A. She enjoyed traveling very much.
B. She preferred poetry to news reports.
C. She gave up writing poems after college.
D. She made some achievements in writing.
答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“My skill at writing personal essays landed me my own column and the chance to be included in a collection of essays published by Seal Press.”可知，“我”写文章的技能使“我”有了自己的专栏，也让“我”有机会发表作品。由此可以看出，作者在写作上取得了一些成就。故选D。
3. Why does the author mention Natalie Goldberg’s words？
A. To prove they had similar interests.
B. To show her love for Natalie Goldberg.
C. To explain why she returned to Birmingham.
D. To introduce Natalie Goldberg’s book to readers.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It is very important to go home if you want your work to be whole. You must claim where you come from and look deep into e to honor and embrace it， or at the least， accept it.(如果想让你的作品完整，回家很重要。你必须申明你来自哪里，并深入研究它。尊重它，拥抱它，或者至少接受它。)”可知，作者提到Natalie Goldberg的话，是为了解释为什么要回她的故乡伯明翰。故选C。
答案：C
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. Writing changes my life.
B. Home is where your story is.
C. Moving around makes me a poet.
D. Childhood friendship is a source of writing.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章标题Ensley Made Me a Poet可知，Ensley使我成为诗人，而Ensley是作者的故乡；再根据倒数第二段Natalie Goldberg的话，可知文章在讲“家是你故事的所在”这一主旨。故选B。
B
Early in the Iliad， Homer’s epic poem(史诗) about the legendary， Trojan War， there occurs a famous anecdote known as the catalogue of ships， which names all the Greek leaders and contingents(小分队) who came to fight at Troy. Before unfolding this impressive muster roll(花名册)，Homer makes a special， public appeal to the Muses to ensure he gets the facts right：
Tell me now， Muses， who have your homes on Olympus－for you are goddesses， and ever－present， and know all things， and we hear only rumour： nor do we know anything
These lines reflect a central claim of epic poetry－that through the inspiration of the Muses， daughters of Memory， it can preserve the knowledge of people and the events of the past－a formidable power in the non－literate， oral cultures in which the Iliad evolved. The Iliad was composed around 750－700 BC， but its origins lie at least some five centuries earlier， deep in the Mycenaean Bronze Age－the world the Iliad poetically evokes.
The Iliad is keenly aware of its role as the keeper of memory， and credibility is central to its storytelling. The epic is a work of fiction， and relates the events of a few weeks in the tenth and final year of the Trojan War fought between Greeks and Trojans over beautiful Helen， the Greek queen who deserted her husband to elope with a Trojan prince. Its cast of characters includes not only warriors and their captives and families， but the immortal Olympian gods， who perform many supernatural acts in the course of their eager participation in the action around Troy.
The Iliad has the reputation for being an exclusively(专门地) male epic， weak on female characters， but to choose only one example－Homer’s delicate characterization of Helen as a woman driven by reluctant remorseful(悔恨的) passion is as hauntingly(萦绕心头地) credible as any Anna Karenina.
Longinus， a scholar in the 1st Century AD wrote that in recording as he does the wounding of the gods， their quarrels， vengeance， tears， imprisonment and all their passions Homer has done his best to make the men in the Iliad gods and gods men. The scene between Achilles and Priam displays this inversion and crystallises what the Iliad poets had learned in the course of the epic’s Journey. That the gods we worship might not answer， and on occasion humanity must rise to fill their place. That glory is closely associated with painful loss. That the victor shares the humanity of the most vulnerable of the vanquished(战败者)； that there is no such thing as pure victory in war.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了荷马史诗《伊利亚特》的历史和写作特色以及作者对这本书中描写的特洛伊战争的看法。
5. The Iliad about the legendary Trojan War， might date back to .
A. the third century BC
B. the seventh century BC
C. the eighth century BC
D. the thirteenth century BC
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Iliad was composed around 750－700 BC， but its origins lie at least some five centuries earlier”可知，《伊利亚特》创作于公元前750年－公元前700年，但它的起源至少在5个世纪前，所以它可以追溯到公元前13世纪。故选D。
6. According to the passage， .
A. being reliable is essential to the storytelling of the Iliad
B. Trojan War between Greeks and Trojans lasted over a decade
C. Trojan War ended owning to the Olympian gods’ absence
D. beautiful Helen is a woman worth respecting in the Iliad
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Iliad is keenly aware of its role as the keeper of memory， and credibility is central to its storytelling.”可知，可信度是《伊利亚特》讲故事的关键。故选A。
7. Why does the Iliad have the reputation for being an exclusively male epic？
A. Because it focuses only on men and war.
B. Because too few females were well depicted.
C. Because its cast of characters includes only males.
D. Because Helen was described as a passionate woman.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The Iliad has the reputation for being an exclusively(专门地) male epic， weak on female characters”可知，《伊利亚特》被誉为唯一的男性史诗因为很少有女性得到很好的刻画。故选B。
8. Which of the following statements doesn’t agree with the author’s idea？
A. Pure victory in war does not exist at all.
B. Glory is naturally accompanied with saddening loss.
C. The victor gains everything without any emotional loss.
D. Both the victor and the vanquished share the same humanity.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That glory is closely associated with painful loss. That the victor shares the humanity of the most vulnerable of the vanquished(战败者)； that there is no such thing as pure victory in war.”可知，作者认为战争中没有纯粹的胜利。C项“胜利者得到了一切，没有任何情感上的损失。”的陈述与作者的观点不同。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
During my childhood， books always around me. They let me understand this world more than the other kids who were the same 1 as me. Furthermore， they let me always 2 even in the tough environment.
When I was older， my family had to 3 from Beijing to the ancient capital Nanjing because my father changed his 4 . My family did not have much money， and we had to take the “green train”－the slowest and oldest train in China， always 5 . Most of passengers did not have seats. This kind of trains are rarely in 6 right now.
Before we got on the train， my father bought me a very 7 book， The Three Kingdoms from a second－hand bookstore. I had already known a few 8 at that time， so my mother let me read by myself. That was the first time I had read without anyone’s 9 .
There were not any 10 on the cover， just the book’s name， The Three kingdoms on the dark blue cover of the book. Every page in this book was yellowish and rough， and the 11 was not so good. However， I 12 this book， I slept with it， and sometimes I 13 about the battle scenes that were 14 in the book.
After that， I started to read some books what my father 15 are “for men”， such as The Art of War， The Old Man and the Sea and The Sun Also Rises.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候一次搬家，乘火车到南京的途中，父亲给他买了一本《三国演义》让他看，从此作者喜欢上了阅读的故事。
1. A. genders B. purposes
C. ages D. hobbies
答案：C
解析：根据上文“more than the other kids who were the same”可知，作者通过阅读书籍，使得自己比同龄的孩子对于世界的理解更加透彻。age意为“年龄”，符合语境。故选C项。
2. A. happy B. generous
C. outgoing D. honest
答案：A
解析：根据上文Furthermore可知，此处进一步讲读书的好处，指书籍让作者即使在艰苦的环境下也能感到快乐。happy 意为“开心的，快乐的”，符合语境。故选A项。
3. A. wander B. move C. drive D. travel
答案：B
解析：根据下文“from Beijing to the ancient capital Nanjing”可知，此处指作者的家从北京搬到古都南京。move意为“搬家”，符合语境。故选B项。
4. A. course B. opinion C. job D. mind
答案：C
解析：由常识可知，由于作者的父亲换了工作，所以才搬家。故选C项。
5. A. limited B. confined
C. advanced D. crowded
答案：D
解析：根据下文“Most of passengers did not have seats.”以及常识可知，这种绿皮火车非常拥挤。crowded意为“拥挤的”，符合语境。故选D项。
6. A. service B. line C. order D. comfort
答案：A
解析：根据常识并结合选项可知，此处指这种绿皮火车现在很少运行了。in service意为“在使用中”，符合语境。故选A项。
7. A. ancient B. old C. thick D. expensive
答案：B
解析：根据下文“from a second－hand bookstore”可知，父亲给作者买的是一本旧书。故选B项。
8. A. idioms B. spellings
C. words D. passages
答案：C
解析：根据下文“so my mother let me read by myself”可知，作者当时已经认得一些字了。故选C项。
9. A. doubt B. assistance
C. control D. advice
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，此处指这是作者第一次在没有任何人帮助的情况下阅读。assistance意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选B项。
10. A. pictures B. titles C. marks D. signs
答案：A
解析：根据下文“just the book’s name”可知，此处指封面上没有任何图片，只有书的名字。故选A项。
11. A. smell B. color C. print D. content
答案：A
解析：根据上文“Every page in this book was yellowish and rough”可知，此处指这本书的气味不太好。smell意为“气味”，符合语境。故选A项。
12. A. reviewed B. cherished
C. purchased D. skimmed
答案：B
解析：根据下文“I slept with it”可知，此处指作者非常珍爱这本书。cherish意为“珍爱”，符合语境。故选B项。
13. A. commented B. cared
C. fantasized D. learned
答案：C
解析：根据下文“about the battle scenes that were 14 in the book”可
知，此处指作者有时幻想书中的战斗场面。fantasize意为“幻想，想
象”，符合语境。故选C项。
14. A. changed B. painted
C. accounted D. described
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，此处指书中描述的战争场景。describe意为“描述”，符合语境。故选D项。
15. A. thought B. bought
C. chose D. wrote
答案：A
解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者父亲认为的“给男人看”的书。故选A项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Analects of Confucius(《论语》)records the words and deeds of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius， 1. (write) somewhere between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2，000 years ago. It 2. (highlight) the political and moral ideas of Confucius and Confucianism.
Ren is a core concept in the book adopted by Confucius with original meaning of loving others. 3. (represent) a high moral standard， it includes all virtues. Confucius stresses that self－discipline is 4. must for practicing the rules of propriety(礼) and achieving ren.
Society has developed greatly and huge changes 5. (occur) as well after the birth of The Analects of Confucius. Nevertheless， it contains lots of ideas beyond the passage of time， some of 6. are still relevant today. For example， Confucius analyzes the relationship between learning and thinking by saying that learning without thinking leads to confusion while thinking without learning ends in danger. Besides， The Analects of Confucius also 7. (vivid) shows the images of Confucius’s students. Zi Lu is straightforward， Zi Gong is smart， and Yan Hui is mild and capable. Confucius insists on treating students 8. individuals to achieve full potential， which is 9. (consist) with some of the modern educational thoughts.
The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world literature， and the publication of its 10. (version) in various languages will further enhance cultural exchanges between China and the world.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章简要地介绍了儒家经典作品《论语》的主要内容及其经过时间流逝在今天依然适用的思想理念。
答案：written
1.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：《论语》记载了中国古代哲学家孔子的言行，成书于2 000多年前的春秋战国时期。分析句子结构可知，设空处作The Analects of Confucius的后置定语，write和The Analects of Confucius之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用write的过去分词形式。故填written。
答案：highlights
2.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：它突出了孔子和儒学的政治和道德思想。分析句子结构可知，设空处作句子的谓语。此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语是It，highlight应用第三人称单数形式。故填highlights。
答案：Representing
3.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它代表着崇高的道德标准，包括所有的美德。分析句子结构可知，句子主干成分完整，设空处作句子的状语，对it进行补充说明；represent和it之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用represent的现在分词形式；空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Representing。
答案：a
4.解析：考查冠词。句意：孔子强调自律是行礼成仁的必要条件。分析句子结构可知，must在句中为名词，must作名词时常用单数，且must的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
答案：have occurred
5.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：《论语》问世后，社会发展迅速，发生了巨大的变化。分析句子结构可知，设空处作第二个分句的谓语，结合上文“Society has developed greatly”可知，前后时态应保持一致，用现在完成时；分句主语huge changes为复数，助动词用have。故填have occurred。
答案：which
6.解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，它包含了许多超越时间流逝的思想，其中一些在今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，设空处和空前的some of构成“代词＋of＋关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词ideas作补充说明；先行词指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
答案：vividly
7.解析：考查词性转换。句意：此外，《论语》也生动地展示了孔子学生的形象。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰动词shows，应用vivid的副词形式vividly，意为“生动地”。故填vividly。
答案：as
8.解析：考查介词。句意：孔子坚持把学生当作个体来对待，以充分发挥学生的潜能，这与一些现代教育思想是一致的。根据上文的treating students和下文的individuals可推知，此处为固定短语treat sb. as，意为“将某人视为”。故填as。
答案：consistent
9.解析：考查词性转换。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，设空处作从句的表语，consist的形容词形式consistent符合题意，意为“一致的”。固定短语be consistent with意为“与……一致”。故填consistent。
答案：versions
10.解析：考查名词的数。句意：《论语》是世界文学的一个典范，它的多种语言版本的出版将进一步促进中国与世界的文化交流。分析句子结构可知，设空处作of的宾语，结合下文“in various languages”可知，可数名词version应用复数形式。故填versions。
语境10 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、
文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等
语境10 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Ensley Made Me a Poet
When I was one， my parents and I moved into a tiny apartment off 20th Street. I wrote my first poem sitting in the corner of my bedroom， surrounded by toys. I was 7 or 8 and the poem was for my best friend who had moved away. I was angry with him for being willing to leave me， and when I get angry， I get mean. I figured his leaving would be easier to face if I pushed him away first. But as soon as the moving truck pulled away， I realized how foolish I’d been.
So I wrote him a poem to apologize. The poem was terrible， of course， but with it， a lifelong love affair began－not with the boy who moved away， but with the written words. As an adult， I’d write poems about playing kickball in the parking lot of those Ensley apartment blocks， and poems about trips to see the candy lady and to the corner store.
When people ask me where in Birmingham I grew up， I sometimes say “Everywhere”. We moved around a lot and the neighborhoods of Birmingham find their way into so much of what I write.
I had to leave Birmingham to learn how to tell true stories in prose(散文). After college in Alabama and graduate school in Berkeley， California， I moved to Kentucky to be a newspaper reporter. My skill at writing personal essays landed me my own column and the chance to be included in a collection of essays published by Seal Press.
Then I came home.
In her book Writing Down the Bones， Natalie Goldberg writes， “It is very important to go home if you want your work to be whole. You must claim where you come from and look deep into e to honor and embrace it， or at the least， accept it.”
Now in Birmingham， I get to share my story in local magazines and on my blog. And I build my story through every friendship formed in this city of steel， sweat， and sweet tea.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者的诗歌创作历程。
1. Whose name is Ensley？
A. A toy’s. B. A boy’s.
C. A place’s. D. A store’s.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As an adult， I’d write poems about playing kickball... see the candy lady and to the corner store.”可知，作为一个成年人，我会写诗，有的是关于在Ensley公寓楼街区的停车场踢球，有的是关于去找卖糖果的女士或者街角店铺买东西的经历。由此可以推断出，Ensley是个地名。故选C。
2. What does Paragraph 4 tell us about the author？
A. She enjoyed traveling very much.
B. She preferred poetry to news reports.
C. She gave up writing poems after college.
D. She made some achievements in writing.
答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“My skill at writing personal essays landed me my own column and the chance to be included in a collection of essays published by Seal Press.”可知，“我”写文章的技能使“我”有了自己的专栏，也让“我”有机会发表作品。由此可以看出，作者在写作上取得了一些成就。故选D。
3. Why does the author mention Natalie Goldberg’s words？
A. To prove they had similar interests.
B. To show her love for Natalie Goldberg.
C. To explain why she returned to Birmingham.
D. To introduce Natalie Goldberg’s book to readers.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It is very important to go home if you want your work to be whole. You must claim where you come from and look deep into e to honor and embrace it， or at the least， accept it.(如果想让你的作品完整，回家很重要。你必须申明你来自哪里，并深入研究它。尊重它，拥抱它，或者至少接受它。)”可知，作者提到Natalie Goldberg的话，是为了解释为什么要回她的故乡伯明翰。故选C。
答案：C
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. Writing changes my life.
B. Home is where your story is.
C. Moving around makes me a poet.
D. Childhood friendship is a source of writing.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章标题Ensley Made Me a Poet可知，Ensley使我成为诗人，而Ensley是作者的故乡；再根据倒数第二段Natalie Goldberg的话，可知文章在讲“家是你故事的所在”这一主旨。故选B。
B
Early in the Iliad， Homer’s epic poem(史诗) about the legendary， Trojan War， there occurs a famous anecdote known as the catalogue of ships， which names all the Greek leaders and contingents(小分队) who came to fight at Troy. Before unfolding this impressive muster roll(花名册)，Homer makes a special， public appeal to the Muses to ensure he gets the facts right：
Tell me now， Muses， who have your homes on Olympus－for you are goddesses， and ever－present， and know all things， and we hear only rumour： nor do we know anything
These lines reflect a central claim of epic poetry－that through the inspiration of the Muses， daughters of Memory， it can preserve the knowledge of people and the events of the past－a formidable power in the non－literate， oral cultures in which the Iliad evolved. The Iliad was composed around 750－700 BC， but its origins lie at least some five centuries earlier， deep in the Mycenaean Bronze Age－the world the Iliad poetically evokes.
The Iliad is keenly aware of its role as the keeper of memory， and credibility is central to its storytelling. The epic is a work of fiction， and relates the events of a few weeks in the tenth and final year of the Trojan War fought between Greeks and Trojans over beautiful Helen， the Greek queen who deserted her husband to elope with a Trojan prince. Its cast of characters includes not only warriors and their captives and families， but the immortal Olympian gods， who perform many supernatural acts in the course of their eager participation in the action around Troy.
The Iliad has the reputation for being an exclusively(专门地) male epic， weak on female characters， but to choose only one example－Homer’s delicate characterization of Helen as a woman driven by reluctant remorseful(悔恨的) passion is as hauntingly(萦绕心头地) credible as any Anna Karenina.
Longinus， a scholar in the 1st Century AD wrote that in recording as he does the wounding of the gods， their quarrels， vengeance， tears， imprisonment and all their passions Homer has done his best to make the men in the Iliad gods and gods men. The scene between Achilles and Priam displays this inversion and crystallises what the Iliad poets had learned in the course of the epic’s Journey. That the gods we worship might not answer， and on occasion humanity must rise to fill their place. That glory is closely associated with painful loss. That the victor shares the humanity of the most vulnerable of the vanquished(战败者)； that there is no such thing as pure victory in war.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了荷马史诗《伊利亚特》的历史和写作特色以及作者对这本书中描写的特洛伊战争的看法。
5. The Iliad about the legendary Trojan War， might date back to .
A. the third century BC
B. the seventh century BC
C. the eighth century BC
D. the thirteenth century BC
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Iliad was composed around 750－700 BC， but its origins lie at least some five centuries earlier”可知，《伊利亚特》创作于公元前750年－公元前700年，但它的起源至少在5个世纪前，所以它可以追溯到公元前13世纪。故选D。
6. According to the passage， .
A. being reliable is essential to the storytelling of the Iliad
B. Trojan War between Greeks and Trojans lasted over a decade
C. Trojan War ended owning to the Olympian gods’ absence
D. beautiful Helen is a woman worth respecting in the Iliad
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Iliad is keenly aware of its role as the keeper of memory， and credibility is central to its storytelling.”可知，可信度是《伊利亚特》讲故事的关键。故选A。
7. Why does the Iliad have the reputation for being an exclusively male epic？
A. Because it focuses only on men and war.
B. Because too few females were well depicted.
C. Because its cast of characters includes only males.
D. Because Helen was described as a passionate woman.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The Iliad has the reputation for being an exclusively(专门地) male epic， weak on female characters”可知，《伊利亚特》被誉为唯一的男性史诗因为很少有女性得到很好的刻画。故选B。
8. Which of the following statements doesn’t agree with the author’s idea？
A. Pure victory in war does not exist at all.
B. Glory is naturally accompanied with saddening loss.
C. The victor gains everything without any emotional loss.
D. Both the victor and the vanquished share the same humanity.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That glory is closely associated with painful loss. That the victor shares the humanity of the most vulnerable of the vanquished(战败者)； that there is no such thing as pure victory in war.”可知，作者认为战争中没有纯粹的胜利。C项“胜利者得到了一切，没有任何情感上的损失。”的陈述与作者的观点不同。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
During my childhood， books always around me. They let me understand this world more than the other kids who were the same 1 as me. Furthermore， they let me always 2 even in the tough environment.
When I was older， my family had to 3 from Beijing to the ancient capital Nanjing because my father changed his 4 . My family did not have much money， and we had to take the “green train”－the slowest and oldest train in China， always 5 . Most of passengers did not have seats. This kind of trains are rarely in 6 right now.
Before we got on the train， my father bought me a very 7 book， The Three Kingdoms from a second－hand bookstore. I had already known a few 8 at that time， so my mother let me read by myself. That was the first time I had read without anyone’s 9 .
There were not any 10 on the cover， just the book’s name， The Three kingdoms on the dark blue cover of the book. Every page in this book was yellowish and rough， and the 11 was not so good. However， I 12 this book， I slept with it， and sometimes I 13 about the battle scenes that were 14 in the book.
After that， I started to read some books what my father 15 are “for men”， such as The Art of War， The Old Man and the Sea and The Sun Also Rises.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候一次搬家，乘火车到南京的途中，父亲给他买了一本《三国演义》让他看，从此作者喜欢上了阅读的故事。
1. A. genders B. purposes
C. ages D. hobbies
答案：C
解析：根据上文“more than the other kids who were the same”可知，作者通过阅读书籍，使得自己比同龄的孩子对于世界的理解更加透彻。age意为“年龄”，符合语境。故选C项。
2. A. happy B. generous
C. outgoing D. honest
答案：A
解析：根据上文Furthermore可知，此处进一步讲读书的好处，指书籍让作者即使在艰苦的环境下也能感到快乐。happy 意为“开心的，快乐的”，符合语境。故选A项。
3. A. wander B. move C. drive D. travel
答案：B
解析：根据下文“from Beijing to the ancient capital Nanjing”可知，此处指作者的家从北京搬到古都南京。move意为“搬家”，符合语境。故选B项。
4. A. course B. opinion C. job D. mind
答案：C
解析：由常识可知，由于作者的父亲换了工作，所以才搬家。故选C项。
5. A. limited B. confined
C. advanced D. crowded
答案：D
解析：根据下文“Most of passengers did not have seats.”以及常识可知，这种绿皮火车非常拥挤。crowded意为“拥挤的”，符合语境。故选D项。
6. A. service B. line C. order D. comfort
答案：A
解析：根据常识并结合选项可知，此处指这种绿皮火车现在很少运行了。in service意为“在使用中”，符合语境。故选A项。
7. A. ancient B. old C. thick D. expensive
答案：B
解析：根据下文“from a second－hand bookstore”可知，父亲给作者买的是一本旧书。故选B项。
8. A. idioms B. spellings
C. words D. passages
答案：C
解析：根据下文“so my mother let me read by myself”可知，作者当时已经认得一些字了。故选C项。
9. A. doubt B. assistance
C. control D. advice
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，此处指这是作者第一次在没有任何人帮助的情况下阅读。assistance意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选B项。
10. A. pictures B. titles C. marks D. signs
答案：A
解析：根据下文“just the book’s name”可知，此处指封面上没有任何图片，只有书的名字。故选A项。
11. A. smell B. color C. print D. content
答案：A
解析：根据上文“Every page in this book was yellowish and rough”可知，此处指这本书的气味不太好。smell意为“气味”，符合语境。故选A项。
12. A. reviewed B. cherished
C. purchased D. skimmed
答案：B
解析：根据下文“I slept with it”可知，此处指作者非常珍爱这本书。cherish意为“珍爱”，符合语境。故选B项。
13. A. commented B. cared
C. fantasized D. learned
答案：C
解析：根据下文“about the battle scenes that were 14 in the book”可
知，此处指作者有时幻想书中的战斗场面。fantasize意为“幻想，想
象”，符合语境。故选C项。
14. A. changed B. painted
C. accounted D. described
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，此处指书中描述的战争场景。describe意为“描述”，符合语境。故选D项。
15. A. thought B. bought
C. chose D. wrote
答案：A
解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者父亲认为的“给男人看”的书。故选A项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Analects of Confucius(《论语》)records the words and deeds of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius， 1. (write) somewhere between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2，000 years ago. It 2. (highlight) the political and moral ideas of Confucius and Confucianism.
Ren is a core concept in the book adopted by Confucius with original meaning of loving others. 3. (represent) a high moral standard， it includes all virtues. Confucius stresses that self－discipline is 4. must for practicing the rules of propriety(礼) and achieving ren.
Society has developed greatly and huge changes 5. (occur) as well after the birth of The Analects of Confucius. Nevertheless， it contains lots of ideas beyond the passage of time， some of 6. are still relevant today. For example， Confucius analyzes the relationship between learning and thinking by saying that learning without thinking leads to confusion while thinking without learning ends in danger. Besides， The Analects of Confucius also 7. (vivid) shows the images of Confucius’s students. Zi Lu is straightforward， Zi Gong is smart， and Yan Hui is mild and capable. Confucius insists on treating students 8. individuals to achieve full potential， which is 9. (consist) with some of the modern educational thoughts.
The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world literature， and the publication of its 10. (version) in various languages will further enhance cultural exchanges between China and the world.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章简要地介绍了儒家经典作品《论语》的主要内容及其经过时间流逝在今天依然适用的思想理念。
答案：written
1.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：《论语》记载了中国古代哲学家孔子的言行，成书于2 000多年前的春秋战国时期。分析句子结构可知，设空处作The Analects of Confucius的后置定语，write和The Analects of Confucius之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用write的过去分词形式。故填written。
答案：highlights
2.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：它突出了孔子和儒学的政治和道德思想。分析句子结构可知，设空处作句子的谓语。此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语是It，highlight应用第三人称单数形式。故填highlights。
答案：Representing
3.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它代表着崇高的道德标准，包括所有的美德。分析句子结构可知，句子主干成分完整，设空处作句子的状语，对it进行补充说明；represent和it之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用represent的现在分词形式；空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Representing。
答案：a
4.解析：考查冠词。句意：孔子强调自律是行礼成仁的必要条件。分析句子结构可知，must在句中为名词，must作名词时常用单数，且must的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
答案：have occurred
5.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：《论语》问世后，社会发展迅速，发生了巨大的变化。分析句子结构可知，设空处作第二个分句的谓语，结合上文“Society has developed greatly”可知，前后时态应保持一致，用现在完成时；分句主语huge changes为复数，助动词用have。故填have occurred。
答案：which
6.解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，它包含了许多超越时间流逝的思想，其中一些在今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，设空处和空前的some of构成“代词＋of＋关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词ideas作补充说明；先行词指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
答案：vividly
7.解析：考查词性转换。句意：此外，《论语》也生动地展示了孔子学生的形象。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰动词shows，应用vivid的副词形式vividly，意为“生动地”。故填vividly。
答案：as
8.解析：考查介词。句意：孔子坚持把学生当作个体来对待，以充分发挥学生的潜能，这与一些现代教育思想是一致的。根据上文的treating students和下文的individuals可推知，此处为固定短语treat sb. as，意为“将某人视为”。故填as。
答案：consistent
9.解析：考查词性转换。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，设空处作从句的表语，consist的形容词形式consistent符合题意，意为“一致的”。固定短语be consistent with意为“与……一致”。故填consistent。
答案：versions
10.解析：考查名词的数。句意：《论语》是世界文学的一个典范，它的多种语言版本的出版将进一步促进中国与世界的文化交流。分析句子结构可知，设空处作of的宾语，结合下文“in various languages”可知，可数名词version应用复数形式。故填versions。