2026届高考英语二轮复习语境15科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全阅读课件（共41张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习语境15科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全阅读课件（共41张PPT) |  | |
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(共41张PPT)
语境15 科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全
语境15 科技发展与信息技术创新，
科学精神，信息安全
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Since the last ice age， humans have cleared nearly half of the earth’s forests and grasslands for agriculture. With the world population expanding， there’s ever－increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy. In places such as Yakima County， Washington， it’s created competition for space as land－hungry solar panels(太阳能电池板) consume available fields. Last month， the state approved plans to cover 1，700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels， fueling concerns over the long－term impacts of losing cropland.
A recent study from the University of California， however， shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together. One researcher， Majdi Abou Najm， explains that the visible light spectrum(光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves， and their photons(光子) have different properties. Blue ones have higher energy than red ones. While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power， it also results in higher temperatures. “From a plant angle， red photons are the efficient ones，” says Abou Najm. “They don’t make the plant feel hot.”
A goal of the study is to create a new generation of solar panels. He sees potential in the organic solar cells， which come from carbon－based materials. Thin and transparent， the cells are applied like a film onto various surfaces. This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power， while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below. These panels could also provide shade for heat－sensitive fruits during the hottest part of the day.
By 2050， we’ll have two billion more people， and we’ll need more food and more energy. By maximizing the solar spectrum， “we’re making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource，” says Abou Najm. “If a technology can develop these panels， then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员将太阳光分离成蓝光波和红光波，阻断蓝光波用于太阳能电池板的发电，同时又不影响红光波传导到电池板下面的植物上，这些红光波对植物生长有利。这解决了太阳能电池板和农作物之间的空间竞争。
1. What problem does the first paragraph focus on？
A. Losing cropland to solar panels.
B. Distribution of the world population.
C. Reduction in forests and grasslands.
D. Competing for land between farmers.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“it’s created competition... losing cropland”可知，太阳能电池板消耗了可用的土地，这引发了对空间的竞争，政府批准用太阳能电池板覆盖1 700英亩耕地的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。由此可推知，第一段关注的主要是太阳能电池板导致耕地减少的问题。故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Generation of solar power.
B. Hot weather increasing efficiency.
C. Blue photons having higher energy.
D. Separation of the visible light spectrum.
答案：C
解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.”可知，蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，that后表达提供给蓝光发电所需的东西。由此可推知，that指的就是“蓝色光子具有更高能量”这一情况。故选C。
3. What do we know about the organic solar cells？
A. They make fruits heat－sensitive.
B. They can cool down in hot days.
C. They allow red light to pass through.
D. They can store carbon－based materials.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technology could be used... crops planted directly below.”可知，这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，它可以阻挡蓝光以用于发电，同时将红光传递到直接种植在下面的作物上。由此可推知，有机太阳能电池能够允许红光通过。故选C。
4. What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new solar panels？
A. Limited. B. Promising.
C. Uncertain. D. Challenging.
答案：B
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“If a technology can develop these panels， then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”可知，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限；再结合第三段中的“He sees potential in the organic solar cells”可推知，Abou Najm认为新型太阳能电池板是有前途的。故选B。
B
Come up with something at least 10 characters long. Include numbers， at least one symbol， and－just to be safe. Oh， and make it something you’ll remember， of course. Yes， passwords are maddening， but their days are numbered： Passkeys are here to make passwords obsolete.
With passkeys you don’t have to remember－or make up－anything. When you register to use a site or app， your device generates two mathematically linked keys： a public key and a private key. The public key stays on the servers of the app or website you’re signing in to. The private key， a long string of characters， is stored only on your device. When you sign in， the server， like the guard at the gate， presents a challenge to your device. Your device responds by using the private key as your personal signature or authorization.
You then use your PIN (Personal Identification Number)， fingerprint， facial recognition， or similar means to unlock your device to approve the signature， and the server then match your signature with your corresponding public key. Your private passkey is safe because there’s no way to get a private key from a public key.
Because passkeys are generated for a specific site or app， they won’t work on phishing sites (those that look just like your bank’s website， for example， and steal your password when you try to sign in). Passkeys are also immune to social engineering attacks， because you don’t know the passkey； only your device does.
Even though passkeys are “as foolproof a solution as has ever existed”， Jonathan S. Weissman， a cybersecurity expert in the Rochester Institute of Technology， says many people will stick with what they’re comfortable with.
Andrew Shikiar， director of the FIDO Alliance(线上快速身份验证联盟)， agrees that people resist change， but believes that consumers eventually adapt to new technologies. “We’ll come to a point where we look back on passwords like we do the dial phone，” he predicts.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了密码的替代技术——通行密钥的工作原理、安全特性和未来展望，说明了其如何提高在线安全并有望淘汰传统密码。
5. What does the underlined word “obsolete” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A. Out of trouble. B. Out of reach.
C. Out of hand. D. Out of date.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Yes， passwords are maddening， but their days are numbered(是的，密码让人抓狂，但它们的日子不多了)”可知，密码令人烦恼，但它们的时代即将结束，所以密钥(Passkeys)是为了替代密码，让密码过时。画线词的意思为“过时的”。故选D。
6. What is the second paragraph mainly talking about concerning passkeys？
A. Its composition.
B. Its mechanics.
C. Its characteristics.
D. Its application.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“With passkeys you don’t have to remember－or make up－anything. When you register to use a site or app， your device generates two mathematically linked keys： a public key and a private key.(有了密钥，你就不必记住或编造任何东西。当你注册使用网站或应用程序时，你的设备会生成两个与数学有关的密钥：公钥和私钥。)”以及第二段全段的内容可知，第二段详细介绍了通行密钥的生成过程，包括公钥和私钥的产生及其如何在登录过程中起作用，属于对通行密钥运作机制的描述。故选B。
答案：B
7. What can be inferred about passkeys from Paragraphs 3 and 4？
A. They’re phishing－resistant.
B. They’re stored by specific apps.
C. They became an immediate success.
D. They’ll change automatically for safety.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Because passkeys are generated for a specific site or app， they won’t work on phishing sites (those that look just like your bank’s website， for example， and steal your password when you try to sign in).(因为密钥是为特定网站或应用程序生成的，所以它们在网络钓鱼网站上不起作用(例如，那些看起来像你的银行网站的网站，当你试图登录时会窃取你的密码)。)”以及第四段“Even though passkeys are 'as foolproof a solution as has ever existed'， Jonathan S. Weissman， a cybersecurity expert in the Rochester Institute of Technology， says many people will stick with what they’re comfortable with.(罗切斯特理工学院的网络安全专家Jonathan S.
Weissman表示，尽管密钥是”前所未有的万无一失的解决方案“，但许多人会坚持他们感到满意的东西。)”可知，通行密钥针对特定网站或应用生成，不会在钓鱼网站上生效，显示了其抵抗钓鱼攻击的能力。由此可推知，密钥具有防钓鱼功能。故选A。
答案：A
8. What attitude does Shikiar have toward the prospect of passkeys？
A. Doubtful. B. Cautious.
C. Optimistic. D. Dismissive.
答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段“Andrew Shikiar， director of the FIDO Alliance(线上快速身份验证联盟)， agrees that people resist change， but believes that consumers eventually adapt to new technologies. 'We’ll come to a point where we look back on passwords like we do the dial phone，' he predicts.(FIDO联盟主任Andrew Shikiar同意人们抵制变革，但认为消费者最终会适应新技术。他预测：”我们会像查看拨号电话一样回顾密码。)”可推知，Shikiar对于通行密钥的前景持乐观态度。故选C。
C
Jorg Muller， an ecologist at the University of Würzburg， with his colleagues， proposes a way to measure the biodiversity－listen to the jungle by AI， in a paper published in Nature Communications.
The rainforests are very important and always alive with the sounds of animals， which is useful to ecologists. When it comes to measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land， listening out for animal caller is more effective than uncovering the bushes looking for tracks and paw prints. The latter analysis method is time－consuming， and it requires an expert pair of ears. Muller’s idea was to apply the principle of smartphone apps which can identify the sounds of birds， bats and mammals to conservation work.
The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the rainforests. Some sites were relatively primitive， old－growth forests. Others were areas that had just been cleared for pasture(牧场) recently. And some other original forests had been cleared but then abandoned， allowing themselves to regrow. The various calls were identified by an expert， and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected， the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity， the greater biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts，” says Dr Muller.
Of course， not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Muller and his colleagues used light traps to catch night－flying insects， and DNA analysis to identify them. They found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable representative for the diversity of the quieter ones， too.
Besides measuring the biodiversity， the results are also expected to be applied to outside ecology departments. Under pressure from their customers， firms like L’Oreal， a make－up company， and Shell， an oil firm， have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Muller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts， and give a standard way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以测量热带雨林中生物多样性的人工智能工具。作者认为这种人工智能工具比较高效，并且有望被应用于森林恢复工程。
9. Why does Muller propose to measure biodiversity with AI？
A. To make a new conservation principle.
B. To seek away fit for hot environments.
C. To work more efficiently than manpower.
D. To study the rainforests more specifically.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When it comes to measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land， listening out for animal caller is more effective than uncovering the bushes looking for tracks and paw prints. The latter analysis method is time－consuming， and it requires an expert pair of ears.(在测量一块土地的生物多样性时，倾听动物的叫声比揭开灌木丛寻找足迹和爪印更有效。后一种分析方法耗时长，需要一双专家的耳朵。)”可知，穆勒提出用人工智能来衡量生物多样性是因为它能比人力更有效率地工作。故选C项。
答案：C
10. How was the identification work of AI tools on the 43 sites？
A. It agreed with the work from experts.
B. It identified different types of raintarests.
C. It recorded more sounds in the abandoned forests.
D. It was used to restore the biodiversity for pasture.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“'We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts，' says Dr Muller.(”我们发现人工智能工具可以像专家一样识别声音。“穆勒博士说。)”可知，人工智能工具可以像专家一样辨认出不同物种的声音。故选A项。
11. What does the author indicate in Paragraph 4？
A. DNA analysis is skeptical in the research.
B. Quiet animals are as diverse as noisy ones.
C. A rainforest is always full of various noises.
D. AI technology is used to catch the insects.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable representative for the diversity of the quieter ones， too.(他们发现，嘈杂动物的多样性也是安静动物多样性的可靠代表。)”可推知，作者在第四段指出安静的动物和嘈杂的动物一样具有多样性。故选B项。
12. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A. The research focuses on biodiversity only.
B. L’Oreal and Shell develop monitoring apps.
C. The research will assist in forest restoration.
D. AI’s help will attract some sponsors’ investment.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Dr Muller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts， and give a standard way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.(穆勒博士希望一种自动检查结果的方法可以帮助监督这些努力，并提供一种标准方法来衡量它们是否像赞助商所说的那样有效。)”可推断出，这项研究将有助于森林恢复。故选C项。
答案：C
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·山东聊城期末)New academicians took a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1 They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation’s scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists.
Academician Huang Sanwen made three commitments to himself－to contribute his energy to scientific research， to apply his achievements in the fields， and to provide more opportunities for young people. “ 2 By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities， we can foster a diverse scientific community with heated debates，” he said.
Academician Jian Zhimin thought that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research. “ 3 Determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research，” he said.
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians， five of them are female scientists. Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives， and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance. 4
5 For example， she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund had relaxed their age restrictions， taking account of the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare.
A. The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony.
B. She has both male and female students， who are irreplaceable to each other.
C. They may be more resilient， which contributes to the development of science.
D. As academicians， we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation.
E. In recent years， Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China.
F. I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics.
G. To achieve success in the field of science， the most important thing is to persist with the original intention.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学院新当选院士的科研精神和对科研事业的承诺。
答案：A
1.解析：根据上文“New academicians took a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.”可知，上文描写新当选院士在中国科学院参加仪式的场景。A项(59位新当选的院士在典礼上宣誓。)承接上文，说明仪式的相关程序，且下文中的They指代该项中的The 59 newly elected academicians，符合语境。故选A。
答案：D
2.解析：根据下文“By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities， we can foster a diverse scientific community with heated debates”可知，黄三文院士强调要给杰出的年轻人充足的机会，我们可以通过激烈的辩论培养一个多样化的科学界。D项(作为院士，我们需要与年轻一代分享更多的机会。)是黄三文院士的观点，引出下文，符合语境。故选D。
答案：G
3.解析：上文“persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research”和下文“Determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research”强调了“坚持、决心和毅力”。G项(为了在科学领域取得成功，最重要的事是坚持初心。)与上文中心内容相符，且与下文衔接自然，符合语境。故选G。
答案：C
4.解析：根据上文“Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives， and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.”可知，金奎娟院士提到女性科学家的重要性。C 项(她们的适应力可能更强，这有助于科学的发展。)承接上文，说明女性科学家重要的原因，其中They 指代上文中的women。故选C。
答案：E
5.解析：根据下文内容可知，金奎娟院士举例说明资助机构考虑到女性生育和育儿所需的时间和精力，已经放宽了对女性的年龄限制。E项(近年来，金奎娟院士注意到中国对女科学家的支持越来越多。)总结本段内容，符合语境。故选E。
语境15 科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全
语境15 科技发展与信息技术创新，
科学精神，信息安全
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Since the last ice age， humans have cleared nearly half of the earth’s forests and grasslands for agriculture. With the world population expanding， there’s ever－increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy. In places such as Yakima County， Washington， it’s created competition for space as land－hungry solar panels(太阳能电池板) consume available fields. Last month， the state approved plans to cover 1，700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels， fueling concerns over the long－term impacts of losing cropland.
A recent study from the University of California， however， shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together. One researcher， Majdi Abou Najm， explains that the visible light spectrum(光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves， and their photons(光子) have different properties. Blue ones have higher energy than red ones. While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power， it also results in higher temperatures. “From a plant angle， red photons are the efficient ones，” says Abou Najm. “They don’t make the plant feel hot.”
A goal of the study is to create a new generation of solar panels. He sees potential in the organic solar cells， which come from carbon－based materials. Thin and transparent， the cells are applied like a film onto various surfaces. This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power， while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below. These panels could also provide shade for heat－sensitive fruits during the hottest part of the day.
By 2050， we’ll have two billion more people， and we’ll need more food and more energy. By maximizing the solar spectrum， “we’re making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource，” says Abou Najm. “If a technology can develop these panels， then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员将太阳光分离成蓝光波和红光波，阻断蓝光波用于太阳能电池板的发电，同时又不影响红光波传导到电池板下面的植物上，这些红光波对植物生长有利。这解决了太阳能电池板和农作物之间的空间竞争。
1. What problem does the first paragraph focus on？
A. Losing cropland to solar panels.
B. Distribution of the world population.
C. Reduction in forests and grasslands.
D. Competing for land between farmers.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“it’s created competition... losing cropland”可知，太阳能电池板消耗了可用的土地，这引发了对空间的竞争，政府批准用太阳能电池板覆盖1 700英亩耕地的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。由此可推知，第一段关注的主要是太阳能电池板导致耕地减少的问题。故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Generation of solar power.
B. Hot weather increasing efficiency.
C. Blue photons having higher energy.
D. Separation of the visible light spectrum.
答案：C
解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.”可知，蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，that后表达提供给蓝光发电所需的东西。由此可推知，that指的就是“蓝色光子具有更高能量”这一情况。故选C。
3. What do we know about the organic solar cells？
A. They make fruits heat－sensitive.
B. They can cool down in hot days.
C. They allow red light to pass through.
D. They can store carbon－based materials.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technology could be used... crops planted directly below.”可知，这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，它可以阻挡蓝光以用于发电，同时将红光传递到直接种植在下面的作物上。由此可推知，有机太阳能电池能够允许红光通过。故选C。
4. What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new solar panels？
A. Limited. B. Promising.
C. Uncertain. D. Challenging.
答案：B
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“If a technology can develop these panels， then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”可知，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限；再结合第三段中的“He sees potential in the organic solar cells”可推知，Abou Najm认为新型太阳能电池板是有前途的。故选B。
B
Come up with something at least 10 characters long. Include numbers， at least one symbol， and－just to be safe. Oh， and make it something you’ll remember， of course. Yes， passwords are maddening， but their days are numbered： Passkeys are here to make passwords obsolete.
With passkeys you don’t have to remember－or make up－anything. When you register to use a site or app， your device generates two mathematically linked keys： a public key and a private key. The public key stays on the servers of the app or website you’re signing in to. The private key， a long string of characters， is stored only on your device. When you sign in， the server， like the guard at the gate， presents a challenge to your device. Your device responds by using the private key as your personal signature or authorization.
You then use your PIN (Personal Identification Number)， fingerprint， facial recognition， or similar means to unlock your device to approve the signature， and the server then match your signature with your corresponding public key. Your private passkey is safe because there’s no way to get a private key from a public key.
Because passkeys are generated for a specific site or app， they won’t work on phishing sites (those that look just like your bank’s website， for example， and steal your password when you try to sign in). Passkeys are also immune to social engineering attacks， because you don’t know the passkey； only your device does.
Even though passkeys are “as foolproof a solution as has ever existed”， Jonathan S. Weissman， a cybersecurity expert in the Rochester Institute of Technology， says many people will stick with what they’re comfortable with.
Andrew Shikiar， director of the FIDO Alliance(线上快速身份验证联盟)， agrees that people resist change， but believes that consumers eventually adapt to new technologies. “We’ll come to a point where we look back on passwords like we do the dial phone，” he predicts.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了密码的替代技术——通行密钥的工作原理、安全特性和未来展望，说明了其如何提高在线安全并有望淘汰传统密码。
5. What does the underlined word “obsolete” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A. Out of trouble. B. Out of reach.
C. Out of hand. D. Out of date.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Yes， passwords are maddening， but their days are numbered(是的，密码让人抓狂，但它们的日子不多了)”可知，密码令人烦恼，但它们的时代即将结束，所以密钥(Passkeys)是为了替代密码，让密码过时。画线词的意思为“过时的”。故选D。
6. What is the second paragraph mainly talking about concerning passkeys？
A. Its composition.
B. Its mechanics.
C. Its characteristics.
D. Its application.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“With passkeys you don’t have to remember－or make up－anything. When you register to use a site or app， your device generates two mathematically linked keys： a public key and a private key.(有了密钥，你就不必记住或编造任何东西。当你注册使用网站或应用程序时，你的设备会生成两个与数学有关的密钥：公钥和私钥。)”以及第二段全段的内容可知，第二段详细介绍了通行密钥的生成过程，包括公钥和私钥的产生及其如何在登录过程中起作用，属于对通行密钥运作机制的描述。故选B。
答案：B
7. What can be inferred about passkeys from Paragraphs 3 and 4？
A. They’re phishing－resistant.
B. They’re stored by specific apps.
C. They became an immediate success.
D. They’ll change automatically for safety.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Because passkeys are generated for a specific site or app， they won’t work on phishing sites (those that look just like your bank’s website， for example， and steal your password when you try to sign in).(因为密钥是为特定网站或应用程序生成的，所以它们在网络钓鱼网站上不起作用(例如，那些看起来像你的银行网站的网站，当你试图登录时会窃取你的密码)。)”以及第四段“Even though passkeys are 'as foolproof a solution as has ever existed'， Jonathan S. Weissman， a cybersecurity expert in the Rochester Institute of Technology， says many people will stick with what they’re comfortable with.(罗切斯特理工学院的网络安全专家Jonathan S.
Weissman表示，尽管密钥是”前所未有的万无一失的解决方案“，但许多人会坚持他们感到满意的东西。)”可知，通行密钥针对特定网站或应用生成，不会在钓鱼网站上生效，显示了其抵抗钓鱼攻击的能力。由此可推知，密钥具有防钓鱼功能。故选A。
答案：A
8. What attitude does Shikiar have toward the prospect of passkeys？
A. Doubtful. B. Cautious.
C. Optimistic. D. Dismissive.
答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段“Andrew Shikiar， director of the FIDO Alliance(线上快速身份验证联盟)， agrees that people resist change， but believes that consumers eventually adapt to new technologies. 'We’ll come to a point where we look back on passwords like we do the dial phone，' he predicts.(FIDO联盟主任Andrew Shikiar同意人们抵制变革，但认为消费者最终会适应新技术。他预测：”我们会像查看拨号电话一样回顾密码。)”可推知，Shikiar对于通行密钥的前景持乐观态度。故选C。
C
Jorg Muller， an ecologist at the University of Würzburg， with his colleagues， proposes a way to measure the biodiversity－listen to the jungle by AI， in a paper published in Nature Communications.
The rainforests are very important and always alive with the sounds of animals， which is useful to ecologists. When it comes to measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land， listening out for animal caller is more effective than uncovering the bushes looking for tracks and paw prints. The latter analysis method is time－consuming， and it requires an expert pair of ears. Muller’s idea was to apply the principle of smartphone apps which can identify the sounds of birds， bats and mammals to conservation work.
The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the rainforests. Some sites were relatively primitive， old－growth forests. Others were areas that had just been cleared for pasture(牧场) recently. And some other original forests had been cleared but then abandoned， allowing themselves to regrow. The various calls were identified by an expert， and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected， the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity， the greater biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts，” says Dr Muller.
Of course， not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Muller and his colleagues used light traps to catch night－flying insects， and DNA analysis to identify them. They found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable representative for the diversity of the quieter ones， too.
Besides measuring the biodiversity， the results are also expected to be applied to outside ecology departments. Under pressure from their customers， firms like L’Oreal， a make－up company， and Shell， an oil firm， have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Muller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts， and give a standard way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以测量热带雨林中生物多样性的人工智能工具。作者认为这种人工智能工具比较高效，并且有望被应用于森林恢复工程。
9. Why does Muller propose to measure biodiversity with AI？
A. To make a new conservation principle.
B. To seek away fit for hot environments.
C. To work more efficiently than manpower.
D. To study the rainforests more specifically.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When it comes to measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land， listening out for animal caller is more effective than uncovering the bushes looking for tracks and paw prints. The latter analysis method is time－consuming， and it requires an expert pair of ears.(在测量一块土地的生物多样性时，倾听动物的叫声比揭开灌木丛寻找足迹和爪印更有效。后一种分析方法耗时长，需要一双专家的耳朵。)”可知，穆勒提出用人工智能来衡量生物多样性是因为它能比人力更有效率地工作。故选C项。
答案：C
10. How was the identification work of AI tools on the 43 sites？
A. It agreed with the work from experts.
B. It identified different types of raintarests.
C. It recorded more sounds in the abandoned forests.
D. It was used to restore the biodiversity for pasture.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“'We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts，' says Dr Muller.(”我们发现人工智能工具可以像专家一样识别声音。“穆勒博士说。)”可知，人工智能工具可以像专家一样辨认出不同物种的声音。故选A项。
11. What does the author indicate in Paragraph 4？
A. DNA analysis is skeptical in the research.
B. Quiet animals are as diverse as noisy ones.
C. A rainforest is always full of various noises.
D. AI technology is used to catch the insects.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable representative for the diversity of the quieter ones， too.(他们发现，嘈杂动物的多样性也是安静动物多样性的可靠代表。)”可推知，作者在第四段指出安静的动物和嘈杂的动物一样具有多样性。故选B项。
12. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A. The research focuses on biodiversity only.
B. L’Oreal and Shell develop monitoring apps.
C. The research will assist in forest restoration.
D. AI’s help will attract some sponsors’ investment.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Dr Muller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts， and give a standard way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.(穆勒博士希望一种自动检查结果的方法可以帮助监督这些努力，并提供一种标准方法来衡量它们是否像赞助商所说的那样有效。)”可推断出，这项研究将有助于森林恢复。故选C项。
答案：C
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·山东聊城期末)New academicians took a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1 They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation’s scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists.
Academician Huang Sanwen made three commitments to himself－to contribute his energy to scientific research， to apply his achievements in the fields， and to provide more opportunities for young people. “ 2 By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities， we can foster a diverse scientific community with heated debates，” he said.
Academician Jian Zhimin thought that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research. “ 3 Determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research，” he said.
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians， five of them are female scientists. Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives， and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance. 4
5 For example， she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund had relaxed their age restrictions， taking account of the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare.
A. The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony.
B. She has both male and female students， who are irreplaceable to each other.
C. They may be more resilient， which contributes to the development of science.
D. As academicians， we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation.
E. In recent years， Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China.
F. I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics.
G. To achieve success in the field of science， the most important thing is to persist with the original intention.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学院新当选院士的科研精神和对科研事业的承诺。
答案：A
1.解析：根据上文“New academicians took a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.”可知，上文描写新当选院士在中国科学院参加仪式的场景。A项(59位新当选的院士在典礼上宣誓。)承接上文，说明仪式的相关程序，且下文中的They指代该项中的The 59 newly elected academicians，符合语境。故选A。
答案：D
2.解析：根据下文“By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities， we can foster a diverse scientific community with heated debates”可知，黄三文院士强调要给杰出的年轻人充足的机会，我们可以通过激烈的辩论培养一个多样化的科学界。D项(作为院士，我们需要与年轻一代分享更多的机会。)是黄三文院士的观点，引出下文，符合语境。故选D。
答案：G
3.解析：上文“persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research”和下文“Determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research”强调了“坚持、决心和毅力”。G项(为了在科学领域取得成功，最重要的事是坚持初心。)与上文中心内容相符，且与下文衔接自然，符合语境。故选G。
答案：C
4.解析：根据上文“Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives， and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.”可知，金奎娟院士提到女性科学家的重要性。C 项(她们的适应力可能更强，这有助于科学的发展。)承接上文，说明女性科学家重要的原因，其中They 指代上文中的women。故选C。
答案：E
5.解析：根据下文内容可知，金奎娟院士举例说明资助机构考虑到女性生育和育儿所需的时间和精力，已经放宽了对女性的年龄限制。E项(近年来，金奎娟院士注意到中国对女科学家的支持越来越多。)总结本段内容，符合语境。故选E。