高考英语复习语境20地球与宇宙奥秘探索课件（共55张）
文档属性
| 名称 | 高考英语复习语境20地球与宇宙奥秘探索课件（共55张） |
|
|
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 574.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-14 00:00:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共55张PPT)
语境20 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
语境20 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The ocean covers approximately 70％ of Earth’s surface. It’s the largest livable space on our planet， and there’s more life there than anywhere else on Earth. Through exploration， we’re learning more about its biological， chemical， physical， and geological(地质的) aspects. Exploration leads to discovery， but before we can truly explore， we must map.
Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites， these data provide only a general picture of what’s there. Detail is limited on these maps， so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks(失事船只) remain unseen.
As of 2023， 24.9％ of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high－resolution(高分辨率的) technology， usually fixed on ships， which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50％ of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards， the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus， there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.
More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats， but they can’t identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments. Scientists estimate there may be between 700，000 and 1 million species in the ocean. Roughly two－thirds of these species have yet to be discovered or officially described， with almost 2，000 new species accepted by the scientific community each year.
We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it， but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing， and it’s important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者详细解释了海洋探索的重要性、海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了解程度。文章通过提供数据、事实和科学估计来支持其观点，并强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。
1. Why is seafloor mapping important for exploring the ocean？
A. It reveals all objects on the seafloor.
B. It shows the seafloor in greater detail.
C. It guides decisions about where to sail.
D. It provides a general picture of the earth.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites， these data provide only a general picture of what’s there. Detail is limited on these maps， so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks(失事船只) remain unseen.(海底测绘提供了一种可能在海底的感觉，并指导决定在哪里探索。虽然利用卫星收集的数据绘制了整个海底的地图，但这些数据只提供了那里的大致情况。这些地图上的细节有限，因此一些重要的地理特征，如海底山和沉船等物体仍然看不到。)”可知，海底测绘对于海洋探索很重要，卫星数据地图上有些细节看不到，海底测绘可以展示海底更详细的情况。故选B项。
答案：B
2. Why is the seafloor beneath US waters mentioned in Paragraph 3？
A. To stress the further task of mapping the seafloor.
B. To explain the standards of mapping the seafloor.
C. To illustrate the geographical features of the seafloor.
D. To highlight the significance of mapping the seafloor.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While almost 50％ of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards， the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus， there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.(虽然美国水域下近50％的海底已经按照这些现代标准绘制了地图，但美国的海底面积比所有50个州的陆地面积都要大。因此，仍有大量的海底有待以高分辨率绘制。)”可知，第三段提到美国水域下方的海底是为了强调绘制海底地图的进一步任务还很艰巨。故选A项。
答案：A
3. What can we learn from the seafloor maps？
A. The quality of the water.
B. The environment of ocean.
C. The homes of sea species.
D. The endangered sea species.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats， but they can’t identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments.(人们对海底的了解比以海洋为家的物种还要多。海底地图可以提供关于潜在栖息地的信息，但它们不能识别海底的物种，也不能提供关于它们如何相互作用以及它们的环境的信息。)”可知，通过海底地图我们可以了解海洋物种的栖息地。故选C项。
答案：C
4. What is the best title of the text？
A. How Can the Seafloor Be Mapped？
B. What Species Are Living in the Ocean？
C. Why Is It Important to Exploit the Ocean？
D. How Much of the Ocean Has Been Explored？
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中的“Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore.(海底测绘提供了一种可能在海底的感觉，并指导决定在哪里探索。)”
第三段“As of 2023， 24.9％ of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high－resolution(高分辨率的) technology， usually fixed on ships， which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50％ of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards， the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus， there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.(截至2023年，全球24.9％的海底已经用现代高分辨率技术绘制了地图，这些技术通常固定在船上，可以更详细地显示海底。虽然美国水域下近50％的海底已经按照这些现代标准绘制了地图，但美国的海底面积比所有50个州的陆地面积都要大。因此，仍有大量的海底有待以高分辨率绘制。)”
以及最后一段“We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it， but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing， and it’s important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives.(关于海洋和海洋中的生物，我们还有很多需要了解的，但我们正在取得进展。我们每年都学得越来越多。但海洋永远不会被完全探索。地球在不断变化，鉴于海洋在我们日常生活中的重要性，了解这些变化非常重要。)”可知，作者详细解释了海洋探索的重要性、海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了解程度。文章通过提供数据、事实和科学估计来支持其观点，并强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。D项“How Much of the Ocean Has Been Explored？(有多少海洋已经被勘探过了？)”最适合作文章标题。故选D项。
答案：D
B
Much of Earth is unexplored. An ocean census(普查) hopes to change that.
“Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all， two－thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water.
Because humans are land animals， most of the Earth remains under－explored. Marine(海洋的) biologists think the oceans might host more than 2 million species of marine animals， of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth.
A new initiative hopes to change this. Launched in London on April 27th， Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade. It is backed by Nekton， a British marine－research institute， and the Nippon foundation， Japan’s biggest charitable foundation. Its first ship， the Norwegian icebreaker Kronprins Haakon， set sail on April 29th， bound for the Barents Sea.
The initiative is happening for two reasons. One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to identify. Climate change is heating the oceans， as well as making them more acidic(酸的) as carbon dioxide dissolves goes into the water. Already around half the world’s coral reefs(珊瑚)－thought to be home to around 25％ of all ocean species－have been lost. Oliver Steeds， Nekton’s founder， says that one of Ocean Census’s priorities will be identifying species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change. The second reason is technological. Marine biologists find about 2，000 new species a year， a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day. Ocean Census is betting it can go faster.
Exactly what the new effort might turn up is impossible to predict. But history suggests it will be fruitful. Half a century ago scientists discovered hot vents(喷口) on the sea bed. These days， such vents are one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth. There are more practical benefits， too. Many drugs， for example， come originally from biological substance. An ocean full of unidentified life will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查来深入了解地球，并解释了这一举措背后的原因。
5. Why is “Earth” an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun？
A. Its climate is changing rapidly.
B. Humans have not explored much of it.
C. Most of its surface is covered by water.
D. It hosts a large number of marine animals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“'Earth' has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all， two－thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water.(用”地球“来命名这颗距太阳第三远的行星一直是个奇怪的选择。毕竟，它三分之二的表面根本不是被陆地覆盖，而是被海洋覆盖。)”可知，用“地球”这个名字来称呼离太阳第三远的行星是一个奇怪的选择，是因为它的大部分表面被水覆盖。故选C。
答案：C
6. What can we infer from Paragraph 5？
A. The rate of discovering new species won’t change.
B. The new initiative will mainly focus on coral reefs.
C. Climate change has a great impact on marine species.
D. Scientists have identified nearly all the species in the ocean.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The initiative is happening for two reasons. One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to identify. Climate change is heating the oceans， as well as making them more acidic(酸的) as carbon dioxide dissolves goes into the water. Already around half the world’s coral reefs(珊瑚)－thought to be home to around 25％ of all ocean species－have been lost. Oliver Steeds， Nekton’s founder， says that one of Ocean Census’s priorities will be identifying species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change.(这一举措的出现有两个原因。一个是，科学家等待的时间越长，能确定的就越少。气候变化正在加热海洋，同时随着二氧化碳溶解到水中，海洋变得更酸。
世界上大约一半的珊瑚礁——被认为是25％海洋物种的家园——已经消失了。Nekton的创始人Oliver Steeds说，海洋普查的首要任务之一将是确定那些被认为受到气候变化威胁最大的物种。)”可推知，气候变化对海洋物种有很大的影响。故选C。
答案：C
7. What might be the potential benefits of the Ocean Census according to the last paragraph？
A. It may result in a reduction in overfishing.
B. It may lead to the discovery of new drugs.
C. It may contribute to the advancement of technology.
D. It may prove the oceans are our life－support system.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Many drugs， for example， come originally from biological substance. An ocean full of unidentified life will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more.(例如，许多药物最初来自生物物质。一个充满未知生命的海洋几乎肯定是一个丰富的矿藏，我们可以从中开采更多矿。)”可知，海洋普查的潜在好处是可能导致新药的发现。故选B。
答案：B
8. What’s the best title for the text？
A. The Endangered Planet
B. Reducing Sea Pollution： A Global Initiative
C. How to Protect the Oceans？
D. The Misnamed Earth： Exploring the Ocean’s Secrets
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Much of Earth is unexplored. An ocean census(普查) hopes to change that.(地球上的许多地方还没有被探索过。一项海洋普查希望改变这种状况。)”并结合文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查来深入了解地球，并解释了这一举措背后的原因可知，D项“错误命名的地球：探索海洋的秘密”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Growing up in Mauritius， I love nature. Behind my house， there is a mountain named Le Pouce， where I spent much time 1 the forest as a kid. However， my instinct (天性) for exploration stopped at the water’s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country 2 by the Indian Ocean， the thought of entering the ocean made me scared.
When I was about 10， this started to 3 . I began learning about the threat climate change presented to island countries， and I started 4 an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries， 5 the steps I could take to change the world， yet I still didn’t know how to effectively achieve it. Later， I took the National Geographic Society’s Exploring Conservation courses， which set me on a path to helping start and 6 ， The Oceanic Project， an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people’s 7 of protecting the ocean.
Gradually， I realized how much humans 8 the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) 9 of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to 10 it， I became a certified diver last year.
Diving plays a big part in my life now， and I work to 11 the protection of the underwater environment. I helped run a summer camp for young divers. During that time， I led a beach cleanup to help the participants understand how human litter could end up in the ocean. I got encouraged by the 12 of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on 13 plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home.
Protecting the ocean is very 14 and I’ll keep dedicating myself to it. And I 15 hope more people will join me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候害怕大海，后来通过学习开始了解到保护海洋环境的重要性，并成立组织，领导和组织保护海洋环境的活动，同时呼吁大家加入自己的行列，希望通过每个人的努力来使世界变得更加美好。
1. A. exploring B. transforming
C. extending D. constructing
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的房子后面，有一座叫Le Pouce的山，我小时候经常在那里探索森林。A. exploring探索；B. transforming使转变；C. extending延长；D. constructing建造。根据下文“However， my instinct (天性) for exploration”可知是原词复现，表示探索森林。故选A。
2. A. ruined B. surrounded
C. covered D. represented
答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国，但一想到要进入海洋，我就感到害怕。A. ruined毁坏；B. surrounded包围；C. covered覆盖；D. represented代表。根据上文“an island country”和常识可知，毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国。故选B。
3. A. change B. worsen
C. repeat D. occur
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大约10岁的时候，这种情况开始
改变。A. change改变；B. worsen变得更坏；C. repeat复述；D. occur发
生。下文“I began learning about the threat climate change presented to
island countries， and I started 4 an interest in protecting the
environment.”提到作者由“探索的本能停止在水边”到“开始了解岛国
的环境问题”，可知是改变。故选A。
4. A. providing B. hiding
C. developing D. resisting
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始了解到气候变化给岛国带来的威胁，我开始对保护环境产生兴趣。A. providing提供；B. hiding隐藏；C. developing产生；D. resisting抵制。根据上文“I began learning about the threat climate change presented to island countries”可知，作者开始了解岛国的气候变化带来的威胁，所以是对保护环境产生兴趣。故选C。
5. A. avoiding B. teaching
C. pretending D. considering
答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看自然纪录片，考虑我可以采取哪些措施来改变世界，但我仍然不知道如何有效地实现它。A. avoiding避免；B. teaching教；C. pretending假装；D. considering考虑。根据下文“the steps I could take to change the world”可知，是思考采取什么样的措施来改变世界。故选D。
6. A. lead B. follow
C. recognize D. prevent
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我参加了国家地理学会的探索保护课程，这使我走上了帮助启动和领导海洋项目的道路，这是一个致力于帮助人们了解海洋、提高人们保护海洋意识的组织。A. lead领导；B. follow跟随；C. recognize认出；D. prevent阻止。根据下文“The Oceanic Project， an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean”可知，是启动和领导一个组织。故选A。
7. A. hesitation B. awareness
C. memory D. guess
答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. hesitation犹豫；B. awareness意识；C. memory记忆；D. guess猜测。根据下文“of protecting the ocean”可知，是提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
8. A. paid back B. adapted to
C. depended on D. kept up
答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，我意识到人类是多么依赖海
洋的自然资源，海洋并没有我想象的那么危险。A. paid back偿还；B.
adapted to适应；C. depended on依靠；D. kept up保持。根据本句“how
much humans 8 the ocean for its natural resources”和常识可知，是人
类依赖海洋提供的自然资源。故选C。
9. A. mood B. skill
C. hobby D. experience
答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的恐惧源于我童年时掉进河里的一次经历。A. mood心情；B. skill技能；C. hobby爱好；D. experience经历。根据下文“falling into a river in my childhood”可知，是童年的一次经历让作者害怕水。故选D。
10. A. confirm B. neglect
C. overcome D. analyze
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决心克服它，去年成为了一名合格的潜水员。A. confirm确认；B. neglect忽略；C. overcome克服；D. analyze分析。根据上文可知，作者因为童年掉进河里的经历害怕水以及下文“I became a certified diver last year”可知，作者决定克服这种恐惧。故选C。
11. A. turn down B. hold back
C. add up D. contribute to
答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在潜水在我的生活中占据了很大的一部分，我的工作是为保护水下环境作出贡献。A. turn down关小；B. hold back阻碍；C. add up总计；D. contribute to贡献。根据下文“the protection of the underwater environment”和作者成立组织可知，都是为了保护海洋环境，所以作者的工作是为保护水下环境作出贡献。故选D。
12. A. introduction B. influence
C. advertisement D. prediction
答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一位家长告诉我，她的儿子回家后
坚持用竹子代替家里的塑料物品时，我受到了鼓舞，因为活动起了作
用。A. introduction介绍；B. influence作用；C. advertisement广告；D.
prediction预测。根据下文“when a parent told me her son insisted
on 13 plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning
home”可知，活动起到了作用，改变了孩子的行为，作者因此受到鼓
舞。故选B。
13. A. mixing B. burning
C. replacing D. combining
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. mixing混合；B. burning燃烧；C. replacing代替；D. combining结合。根据下文“plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home”可知，是用竹子代替家里的塑料物品。故选C。
14. A. risky B. impractical
C. shocking D. crucial
答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保护海洋是非常重要的，我将继续致力于它。A. risky冒险的；B. impractical不现实的；C. shocking令人震惊的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据上文描述和下文“I’ll keep dedicating myself to it”可知，海洋提供人类依赖的自然资源，所以作者认为保护海洋是重要的，并且会继续下去。故选D。
15. A. sincerely B. suddenly
C. formally D. seemingly
答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我真诚地希望更多的人能加入我的行列。A. sincerely真诚地；B. suddenly突然地；C. formally正式地；D. seemingly看起来似乎。根据上文可知，作者说保护海洋环境很重要，所以他真诚地希望更多的人加入自己的队伍。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
China has been pushing space exploration boundaries on its own over the past three decades. It embarked on(开始) a “three－step” strategy 1. (boost) its human space program in 1992 when 2. (construct) a manned orbiting laboratory was still a flight of fancy for the Chinese people.
The first step was to send astronauts into space 3. ensure their safe return. The second step was to develop advanced space flight techniques and technologies， 4. included extravehicular(舱外的) activity and orbital docking(轨道对接). The 5. (three) step was to assemble and operate a permanent manned space station.
In April 2021， the country 6. (official) kicked off the in－orbit construction of its space station by launching the core module Tianhe. “In the past 30 years， many technical difficulties 7. (overcome)， such as the technologies of shuttling 8. space and Earth， extravehicular activity， rendezvous， and docking， ” said Yang Liwei， the country’s first taikonaut in orbit since he 9. (enter) space with Shenzhou－5 in October 2003.
So far， a total of 12 10. (astronaut) on four missions， Shenzhou－12， Shenzhou－13， Shenzhou－14， and Shenzhou－15， have participated in the in－orbit construction of the space station.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的载人航天工程“三步走”战略及其成果。
答案：to boost
1.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，推进载人航天计划是实施“三步走”战略的目的，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to boost。
答案：constructing
2.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处和后面的“a manned orbiting laboratory”一起在时间状语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填constructing。
答案：and
3.解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处前面的“send astronauts into space”和后面的“ensure their safe return”为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
答案：which
4.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词advanced space flight techniques and technologies指物，应用which引导。故填which。
答案：third
5.解析：考查数词。根据上文的“The first step”和“The second step”可知，此处与前面保持一致，表示“第三步”，应用序数词。故填third。
答案：officially
6.解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中修饰动词短语kicked off作状语，应用副词表示“官方地，正式地”。故填officially。
答案：have been overcome
7.解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，与主语difficulties之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；结合时间状语In the past 30 years可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been overcome。
答案：between
8.解析：考查介词。shuttle between A and B为固定搭配，表示“(在两地之间)频繁来往”。故填between。
答案：entered
9.解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，设空处在since引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，应用动词；结合时间状语in October 2003可知，此处表示过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填entered。
答案：astronauts
10.解析：考查名词的数。根据前面的数字12可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填astronauts。
语境20 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
语境20 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The ocean covers approximately 70％ of Earth’s surface. It’s the largest livable space on our planet， and there’s more life there than anywhere else on Earth. Through exploration， we’re learning more about its biological， chemical， physical， and geological(地质的) aspects. Exploration leads to discovery， but before we can truly explore， we must map.
Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites， these data provide only a general picture of what’s there. Detail is limited on these maps， so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks(失事船只) remain unseen.
As of 2023， 24.9％ of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high－resolution(高分辨率的) technology， usually fixed on ships， which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50％ of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards， the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus， there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.
More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats， but they can’t identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments. Scientists estimate there may be between 700，000 and 1 million species in the ocean. Roughly two－thirds of these species have yet to be discovered or officially described， with almost 2，000 new species accepted by the scientific community each year.
We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it， but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing， and it’s important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者详细解释了海洋探索的重要性、海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了解程度。文章通过提供数据、事实和科学估计来支持其观点，并强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。
1. Why is seafloor mapping important for exploring the ocean？
A. It reveals all objects on the seafloor.
B. It shows the seafloor in greater detail.
C. It guides decisions about where to sail.
D. It provides a general picture of the earth.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore. While the entire seafloor has been mapped using data collected from satellites， these data provide only a general picture of what’s there. Detail is limited on these maps， so some important geographical features like seamounts and objects like shipwrecks(失事船只) remain unseen.(海底测绘提供了一种可能在海底的感觉，并指导决定在哪里探索。虽然利用卫星收集的数据绘制了整个海底的地图，但这些数据只提供了那里的大致情况。这些地图上的细节有限，因此一些重要的地理特征，如海底山和沉船等物体仍然看不到。)”可知，海底测绘对于海洋探索很重要，卫星数据地图上有些细节看不到，海底测绘可以展示海底更详细的情况。故选B项。
答案：B
2. Why is the seafloor beneath US waters mentioned in Paragraph 3？
A. To stress the further task of mapping the seafloor.
B. To explain the standards of mapping the seafloor.
C. To illustrate the geographical features of the seafloor.
D. To highlight the significance of mapping the seafloor.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While almost 50％ of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards， the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus， there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.(虽然美国水域下近50％的海底已经按照这些现代标准绘制了地图，但美国的海底面积比所有50个州的陆地面积都要大。因此，仍有大量的海底有待以高分辨率绘制。)”可知，第三段提到美国水域下方的海底是为了强调绘制海底地图的进一步任务还很艰巨。故选A项。
答案：A
3. What can we learn from the seafloor maps？
A. The quality of the water.
B. The environment of ocean.
C. The homes of sea species.
D. The endangered sea species.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More is known about the seafloor than the species that call the ocean home. Seafloor maps can provide information about potential habitats， but they can’t identify species on the seafloor or provide information about how they interact with each other and their environments.(人们对海底的了解比以海洋为家的物种还要多。海底地图可以提供关于潜在栖息地的信息，但它们不能识别海底的物种，也不能提供关于它们如何相互作用以及它们的环境的信息。)”可知，通过海底地图我们可以了解海洋物种的栖息地。故选C项。
答案：C
4. What is the best title of the text？
A. How Can the Seafloor Be Mapped？
B. What Species Are Living in the Ocean？
C. Why Is It Important to Exploit the Ocean？
D. How Much of the Ocean Has Been Explored？
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中的“Seafloor mapping provides a sense of what may lie beneath and guides decisions about where to explore.(海底测绘提供了一种可能在海底的感觉，并指导决定在哪里探索。)”
第三段“As of 2023， 24.9％ of the global seafloor had been mapped with modern high－resolution(高分辨率的) technology， usually fixed on ships， which can reveal the seafloor in greater detail. While almost 50％ of the seafloor beneath US waters had been mapped to these modern standards， the nation’s seafloor is larger than the land area of all 50 states. Thus， there’s still a significant amount of seafloor left to be mapped at high resolution.(截至2023年，全球24.9％的海底已经用现代高分辨率技术绘制了地图，这些技术通常固定在船上，可以更详细地显示海底。虽然美国水域下近50％的海底已经按照这些现代标准绘制了地图，但美国的海底面积比所有50个州的陆地面积都要大。因此，仍有大量的海底有待以高分辨率绘制。)”
以及最后一段“We have a great deal more to learn about our ocean and what lives in it， but progress is being made. We learn more and more each year. But the ocean will never be fully explored. Earth is constantly changing， and it’s important to understand these changes given the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives.(关于海洋和海洋中的生物，我们还有很多需要了解的，但我们正在取得进展。我们每年都学得越来越多。但海洋永远不会被完全探索。地球在不断变化，鉴于海洋在我们日常生活中的重要性，了解这些变化非常重要。)”可知，作者详细解释了海洋探索的重要性、海底测绘的现状、海洋生物的多样性以及我们对海洋及其生物的了解程度。文章通过提供数据、事实和科学估计来支持其观点，并强调了继续探索和研究海洋的必要性。D项“How Much of the Ocean Has Been Explored？(有多少海洋已经被勘探过了？)”最适合作文章标题。故选D项。
答案：D
B
Much of Earth is unexplored. An ocean census(普查) hopes to change that.
“Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all， two－thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water.
Because humans are land animals， most of the Earth remains under－explored. Marine(海洋的) biologists think the oceans might host more than 2 million species of marine animals， of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth.
A new initiative hopes to change this. Launched in London on April 27th， Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade. It is backed by Nekton， a British marine－research institute， and the Nippon foundation， Japan’s biggest charitable foundation. Its first ship， the Norwegian icebreaker Kronprins Haakon， set sail on April 29th， bound for the Barents Sea.
The initiative is happening for two reasons. One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to identify. Climate change is heating the oceans， as well as making them more acidic(酸的) as carbon dioxide dissolves goes into the water. Already around half the world’s coral reefs(珊瑚)－thought to be home to around 25％ of all ocean species－have been lost. Oliver Steeds， Nekton’s founder， says that one of Ocean Census’s priorities will be identifying species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change. The second reason is technological. Marine biologists find about 2，000 new species a year， a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day. Ocean Census is betting it can go faster.
Exactly what the new effort might turn up is impossible to predict. But history suggests it will be fruitful. Half a century ago scientists discovered hot vents(喷口) on the sea bed. These days， such vents are one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth. There are more practical benefits， too. Many drugs， for example， come originally from biological substance. An ocean full of unidentified life will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查来深入了解地球，并解释了这一举措背后的原因。
5. Why is “Earth” an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun？
A. Its climate is changing rapidly.
B. Humans have not explored much of it.
C. Most of its surface is covered by water.
D. It hosts a large number of marine animals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“'Earth' has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all， two－thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water.(用”地球“来命名这颗距太阳第三远的行星一直是个奇怪的选择。毕竟，它三分之二的表面根本不是被陆地覆盖，而是被海洋覆盖。)”可知，用“地球”这个名字来称呼离太阳第三远的行星是一个奇怪的选择，是因为它的大部分表面被水覆盖。故选C。
答案：C
6. What can we infer from Paragraph 5？
A. The rate of discovering new species won’t change.
B. The new initiative will mainly focus on coral reefs.
C. Climate change has a great impact on marine species.
D. Scientists have identified nearly all the species in the ocean.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The initiative is happening for two reasons. One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to identify. Climate change is heating the oceans， as well as making them more acidic(酸的) as carbon dioxide dissolves goes into the water. Already around half the world’s coral reefs(珊瑚)－thought to be home to around 25％ of all ocean species－have been lost. Oliver Steeds， Nekton’s founder， says that one of Ocean Census’s priorities will be identifying species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change.(这一举措的出现有两个原因。一个是，科学家等待的时间越长，能确定的就越少。气候变化正在加热海洋，同时随着二氧化碳溶解到水中，海洋变得更酸。
世界上大约一半的珊瑚礁——被认为是25％海洋物种的家园——已经消失了。Nekton的创始人Oliver Steeds说，海洋普查的首要任务之一将是确定那些被认为受到气候变化威胁最大的物种。)”可推知，气候变化对海洋物种有很大的影响。故选C。
答案：C
7. What might be the potential benefits of the Ocean Census according to the last paragraph？
A. It may result in a reduction in overfishing.
B. It may lead to the discovery of new drugs.
C. It may contribute to the advancement of technology.
D. It may prove the oceans are our life－support system.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Many drugs， for example， come originally from biological substance. An ocean full of unidentified life will almost certainly prove a rich mine from which to mine more.(例如，许多药物最初来自生物物质。一个充满未知生命的海洋几乎肯定是一个丰富的矿藏，我们可以从中开采更多矿。)”可知，海洋普查的潜在好处是可能导致新药的发现。故选B。
答案：B
8. What’s the best title for the text？
A. The Endangered Planet
B. Reducing Sea Pollution： A Global Initiative
C. How to Protect the Oceans？
D. The Misnamed Earth： Exploring the Ocean’s Secrets
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Much of Earth is unexplored. An ocean census(普查) hopes to change that.(地球上的许多地方还没有被探索过。一项海洋普查希望改变这种状况。)”并结合文章主要说明了科学家倡议进行海洋普查来深入了解地球，并解释了这一举措背后的原因可知，D项“错误命名的地球：探索海洋的秘密”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Growing up in Mauritius， I love nature. Behind my house， there is a mountain named Le Pouce， where I spent much time 1 the forest as a kid. However， my instinct (天性) for exploration stopped at the water’s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country 2 by the Indian Ocean， the thought of entering the ocean made me scared.
When I was about 10， this started to 3 . I began learning about the threat climate change presented to island countries， and I started 4 an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries， 5 the steps I could take to change the world， yet I still didn’t know how to effectively achieve it. Later， I took the National Geographic Society’s Exploring Conservation courses， which set me on a path to helping start and 6 ， The Oceanic Project， an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people’s 7 of protecting the ocean.
Gradually， I realized how much humans 8 the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) 9 of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to 10 it， I became a certified diver last year.
Diving plays a big part in my life now， and I work to 11 the protection of the underwater environment. I helped run a summer camp for young divers. During that time， I led a beach cleanup to help the participants understand how human litter could end up in the ocean. I got encouraged by the 12 of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on 13 plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home.
Protecting the ocean is very 14 and I’ll keep dedicating myself to it. And I 15 hope more people will join me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候害怕大海，后来通过学习开始了解到保护海洋环境的重要性，并成立组织，领导和组织保护海洋环境的活动，同时呼吁大家加入自己的行列，希望通过每个人的努力来使世界变得更加美好。
1. A. exploring B. transforming
C. extending D. constructing
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的房子后面，有一座叫Le Pouce的山，我小时候经常在那里探索森林。A. exploring探索；B. transforming使转变；C. extending延长；D. constructing建造。根据下文“However， my instinct (天性) for exploration”可知是原词复现，表示探索森林。故选A。
2. A. ruined B. surrounded
C. covered D. represented
答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国，但一想到要进入海洋，我就感到害怕。A. ruined毁坏；B. surrounded包围；C. covered覆盖；D. represented代表。根据上文“an island country”和常识可知，毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国。故选B。
3. A. change B. worsen
C. repeat D. occur
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大约10岁的时候，这种情况开始
改变。A. change改变；B. worsen变得更坏；C. repeat复述；D. occur发
生。下文“I began learning about the threat climate change presented to
island countries， and I started 4 an interest in protecting the
environment.”提到作者由“探索的本能停止在水边”到“开始了解岛国
的环境问题”，可知是改变。故选A。
4. A. providing B. hiding
C. developing D. resisting
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始了解到气候变化给岛国带来的威胁，我开始对保护环境产生兴趣。A. providing提供；B. hiding隐藏；C. developing产生；D. resisting抵制。根据上文“I began learning about the threat climate change presented to island countries”可知，作者开始了解岛国的气候变化带来的威胁，所以是对保护环境产生兴趣。故选C。
5. A. avoiding B. teaching
C. pretending D. considering
答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看自然纪录片，考虑我可以采取哪些措施来改变世界，但我仍然不知道如何有效地实现它。A. avoiding避免；B. teaching教；C. pretending假装；D. considering考虑。根据下文“the steps I could take to change the world”可知，是思考采取什么样的措施来改变世界。故选D。
6. A. lead B. follow
C. recognize D. prevent
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我参加了国家地理学会的探索保护课程，这使我走上了帮助启动和领导海洋项目的道路，这是一个致力于帮助人们了解海洋、提高人们保护海洋意识的组织。A. lead领导；B. follow跟随；C. recognize认出；D. prevent阻止。根据下文“The Oceanic Project， an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean”可知，是启动和领导一个组织。故选A。
7. A. hesitation B. awareness
C. memory D. guess
答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. hesitation犹豫；B. awareness意识；C. memory记忆；D. guess猜测。根据下文“of protecting the ocean”可知，是提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
8. A. paid back B. adapted to
C. depended on D. kept up
答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，我意识到人类是多么依赖海
洋的自然资源，海洋并没有我想象的那么危险。A. paid back偿还；B.
adapted to适应；C. depended on依靠；D. kept up保持。根据本句“how
much humans 8 the ocean for its natural resources”和常识可知，是人
类依赖海洋提供的自然资源。故选C。
9. A. mood B. skill
C. hobby D. experience
答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的恐惧源于我童年时掉进河里的一次经历。A. mood心情；B. skill技能；C. hobby爱好；D. experience经历。根据下文“falling into a river in my childhood”可知，是童年的一次经历让作者害怕水。故选D。
10. A. confirm B. neglect
C. overcome D. analyze
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决心克服它，去年成为了一名合格的潜水员。A. confirm确认；B. neglect忽略；C. overcome克服；D. analyze分析。根据上文可知，作者因为童年掉进河里的经历害怕水以及下文“I became a certified diver last year”可知，作者决定克服这种恐惧。故选C。
11. A. turn down B. hold back
C. add up D. contribute to
答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在潜水在我的生活中占据了很大的一部分，我的工作是为保护水下环境作出贡献。A. turn down关小；B. hold back阻碍；C. add up总计；D. contribute to贡献。根据下文“the protection of the underwater environment”和作者成立组织可知，都是为了保护海洋环境，所以作者的工作是为保护水下环境作出贡献。故选D。
12. A. introduction B. influence
C. advertisement D. prediction
答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一位家长告诉我，她的儿子回家后
坚持用竹子代替家里的塑料物品时，我受到了鼓舞，因为活动起了作
用。A. introduction介绍；B. influence作用；C. advertisement广告；D.
prediction预测。根据下文“when a parent told me her son insisted
on 13 plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning
home”可知，活动起到了作用，改变了孩子的行为，作者因此受到鼓
舞。故选B。
13. A. mixing B. burning
C. replacing D. combining
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. mixing混合；B. burning燃烧；C. replacing代替；D. combining结合。根据下文“plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home”可知，是用竹子代替家里的塑料物品。故选C。
14. A. risky B. impractical
C. shocking D. crucial
答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保护海洋是非常重要的，我将继续致力于它。A. risky冒险的；B. impractical不现实的；C. shocking令人震惊的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据上文描述和下文“I’ll keep dedicating myself to it”可知，海洋提供人类依赖的自然资源，所以作者认为保护海洋是重要的，并且会继续下去。故选D。
15. A. sincerely B. suddenly
C. formally D. seemingly
答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我真诚地希望更多的人能加入我的行列。A. sincerely真诚地；B. suddenly突然地；C. formally正式地；D. seemingly看起来似乎。根据上文可知，作者说保护海洋环境很重要，所以他真诚地希望更多的人加入自己的队伍。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
China has been pushing space exploration boundaries on its own over the past three decades. It embarked on(开始) a “three－step” strategy 1. (boost) its human space program in 1992 when 2. (construct) a manned orbiting laboratory was still a flight of fancy for the Chinese people.
The first step was to send astronauts into space 3. ensure their safe return. The second step was to develop advanced space flight techniques and technologies， 4. included extravehicular(舱外的) activity and orbital docking(轨道对接). The 5. (three) step was to assemble and operate a permanent manned space station.
In April 2021， the country 6. (official) kicked off the in－orbit construction of its space station by launching the core module Tianhe. “In the past 30 years， many technical difficulties 7. (overcome)， such as the technologies of shuttling 8. space and Earth， extravehicular activity， rendezvous， and docking， ” said Yang Liwei， the country’s first taikonaut in orbit since he 9. (enter) space with Shenzhou－5 in October 2003.
So far， a total of 12 10. (astronaut) on four missions， Shenzhou－12， Shenzhou－13， Shenzhou－14， and Shenzhou－15， have participated in the in－orbit construction of the space station.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的载人航天工程“三步走”战略及其成果。
答案：to boost
1.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，推进载人航天计划是实施“三步走”战略的目的，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to boost。
答案：constructing
2.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处和后面的“a manned orbiting laboratory”一起在时间状语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填constructing。
答案：and
3.解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处前面的“send astronauts into space”和后面的“ensure their safe return”为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
答案：which
4.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词advanced space flight techniques and technologies指物，应用which引导。故填which。
答案：third
5.解析：考查数词。根据上文的“The first step”和“The second step”可知，此处与前面保持一致，表示“第三步”，应用序数词。故填third。
答案：officially
6.解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中修饰动词短语kicked off作状语，应用副词表示“官方地，正式地”。故填officially。
答案：have been overcome
7.解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，与主语difficulties之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；结合时间状语In the past 30 years可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been overcome。
答案：between
8.解析：考查介词。shuttle between A and B为固定搭配，表示“(在两地之间)频繁来往”。故填between。
答案：entered
9.解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，设空处在since引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，应用动词；结合时间状语in October 2003可知，此处表示过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填entered。
答案：astronauts
10.解析：考查名词的数。根据前面的数字12可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填astronauts。