高考英语复习语境13对社会有突出贡献的人物课件（共42张）
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| 名称 | 高考英语复习语境13对社会有突出贡献的人物课件（共42张） |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-14 00:00:00 | ||
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(共42张PPT)
语境13 对社会有突出贡献的人物
语境13 对社会有突出贡献的人物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Dr Elsa Olivetti has always been interested in how materials science can change the way we store energy. When she started her work at MIT， she was excited about discovering the secrets of sustainable battery production.
During her research， her main focus was on a special kind of battery， called solid－state batteries， and a material named LLZO. She discovered a big challenge： finding and getting a special material called tantalum， which is not easy to find but necessary for the production of LLZO. This inspired her to look at the whole process of making batteries beyond the laboratory， from getting the materials to producing the final product.
Dr Olivetti and her team looked into how these materials are mined， processed， and turned into batteries. They found that if we want to use more electric cars in the future， we need to get much better at producing and delivering materials like tantalum. Then， Dr Olivetti aims to figure out a creative solution to the challenge. She worked with industry leaders to develop sustainable mining practices and called on policy changes to support a better supply chain， which proves effective.
Dr Olivetti stresses that her work is not meant to replace traditional methods. Instead， it’s meant to help make the battery production better by looking broadly at the things that could make energy storage efficient. Looking ahead， Dr Olivetti remains committed to improving sustainable energy storage. She wants to make the production process less wasteful and more cost－effective， creating a future where energy storage is not only good but also kind to our planet.
Reflecting on her work， Dr Olivetti often says that what she does is more than just science. “Each step we take towards more efficient and environmentally－friendly battery technology is a step towards a better world，” stressing the importance of curiosity and perseverance in the pursuit of scientific exploration.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elsa Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力。
1. What was Dr Olivetti’s interest in her work at MIT？
A. Making electric cars cheaper.
B. Making batteries more sustainable.
C. Figuring out ways to mine materials.
D. Dealing with challenges of production.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When she started her work at MIT， she was excited about discovering the secrets of sustainable battery production.(当她开始在麻省理工学院工作时，她对发现可持续电池生产的秘密感到兴奋。)”可知，Olivetti博士对使电池更具可持续性感兴趣。故选B项。
2. Why is tantalum important in Dr Olivetti’s research？
A. It reduces production costs.
B. It helps sustainable mining.
C. It is a common battery material.
D. It is important for LLZO production.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She discovered a big challenge： finding and getting a special material called tantalum， which is not easy to find but necessary for the production of LLZO. (她发现了一个巨大的挑战：找到并获得一种叫做钽的特殊材料，这种材料不容易找到，但却是生产LLZO所必需的。)”可知，钽对LLZO的生产很重要。故选D项。
3. How did Dr Olivetti deal with the challenges in battery production？
A. She focused on lab experiments.
B. She worked with industry leaders.
C. She developed a new type of electric car.
D. She replaced old methods with modern ones.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then， Dr Olivetti aims to figure out a creative solution to the challenge. She worked with industry leaders to develop sustainable mining practices and called on policy changes to support a better supply chain， which proves effective.(然后，奥利维蒂博士的目标是找出一个创造性的解决方案来应对这一挑战。她与行业领袖合作，制定可持续的采矿实践，并呼吁改变政策，以支持更好的供应链，这被证明是有效的。)”可知，Olivetti博士在应对电池生产中的挑战时，和行业领袖一起工作。故选B项。
答案：B
4. What is the passage mainly about？
A. The science of battery.
B. The future of electric cars.
C. The importance of tantalum.
D. The work on better batteries.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“Each step we take towards more efficient and environmentally－friendly battery technology is a step towards a better world(我们朝着更高效、更环保的电池技术迈出的每一步，都是朝着更美好的世界迈出的一步)”可知，本文主要讲述了Elsa Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力，所以本文的中心思想是研究更好的电池。故选D项。
答案：D
B
Katalin Karikó along with her colleague Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for the development of mRNA technology.
Karikó was born in January 1955， in a small village in Hungary. She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult， she became interested in messenger RNA， which carries DNA instructions to the protein－making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. However， Karikó faced a shortage of funding for her research in her country， and she then faced the choice of stopping and doing something not connected to her mission or continuing her research at the price of having to leave her country.
After searching for posts and scholarships worldwide， Karikó accepted an offer from Temple University in Philadelphia for a postdoctoral fellowship. Karikó and her husband gave up everything they had in their homeland and bought a one－way ticket to the US， where they knew no one.
She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. Undeterred by the problems and challenges， she chose to continue her research. By focusing on what mattered to her every day， she “accidentally” met her work partner Drew Weissman who was also interested in mRNA. They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Karikó and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines(疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively.
Karikó’s life is a testament(证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of， but we are not good self－motivators on a daily basis.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家Katalin Karikó的个人经历以及她对梦想不懈追求，最终取得成功。
5. What can we learn about Karikó from Paragraph 2？
A. She had a tolerant mind.
B. She longed to be a doctor.
C. She was fond of world tours.
D. She had a clear sense of purpose.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult， she became interested in messenger RNA， which carries DNA instructions to the protein－making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients.(她从小就立志要成为一名科学家。作为一个年轻的成年人，她开始对信使RNA感兴趣，它携带DNA指令到细胞的蛋白质制造引擎。她希望mRNA能够在各种疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。帮助治愈病人成为了她的使命。)”可知，Karikó有明确的目标感。故选D。
答案：D
6. What does the underlined part “Undeterred by” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Not discouraged by.
B. Being unaware of.
C. Not motivated by.
D. Being ashamed of.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections.(她最初有望成为一名正教授，但一再遭到专项资金拒绝。)”以及后文“the problems and challenges， she chose to continue her research”可知，她一再被专项资金拒绝，但是没有因为遇到的问题和挑战而气馁，而是选择继续她的研究。故画线词的意思是“不气馁”。故选A。
答案：A
7. What is probably the main contribution of Karikó？
A. Simplifying the mRNA technology.
B. Making the structure of mRNA clear.
C. Developing a vaccine for a serious disease.
D. Laying the groundwork for mRNA vaccines.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Karikó and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines(疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively.(他们合作研究mRNA，并发表了多年来关于他们突破性发现的论文。然后疫情席卷全球。Karikó和Weissman发明的mRNA技术发生了变化，然后用于疫苗，有效地预防了感染。)”可知，Karikó的主要贡献是为mRNA疫苗奠定基础。故选D。
答案：D
8. What lesson can we learn from Karikó’s success？
A. Nothing seek， nothing find.
B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Where there’s a will， there’s a way.
D. Necessity is the mother of invention.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Karikó’s life is a testament(证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of， but we are not good self－motivators on a daily basis.(Karikó的一生证明了找到自己为之热爱的事业，然后每一天都在追求它。我们中的许多人都知道自己喜欢什么，但在日常生活中，我们并不善于自我激励。)”可知，Karikó的成功告诉我们有志者事竟成。故选C。
答案：C
C
Rosalind Franklin， one of the most outstanding female scientists of the 20th century， was a remarkable British chemist and X－ray crystallographer(晶体学家). She made a great contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA， which led to a revolution in modern biology and genetics(遗传学).
Born in London in 1920， Rosalind grew up in a family of scientists and mathematicians. She received her undergraduate degree in physical chemistry from the University of Cambridge and pursued her postgraduate degree in physical chemistry at King’s College London. It was during this time that she developed a keen interest in DNA structure， which she explored through X－ray crystallography.
Rosalind’s contribution to the discovery of DNA structure was very important. Working alongside other scientists at the Medical Research Council in Cambridge， she used her skills in X－ray crystallography to produce high－resolution images of DNA molecules. Her images helped reveal the crucial helical(螺旋) structure of DNA， which was groundbreaking in the field of genetics.
Despite her achievements， Rosalind’s role in the discovery of DNA structure was not always acknowledged. She faced discrimination and sexism within the scientific community and was often overlooked for credit and recognition for her work.
James Watson and Francis Crick announced the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953， which they attributed to Rosalind and another scientist， Maurice Wilkins. However， it wasn’t until years later that Rosalind’s contribution was fully recognized.
Rosalind’s legacy continues to inspire scientists and researchers worldwide today. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of determination， hard work， and a willingness to take risks in pursuit of scientific advancement. Despite the challenges she faced， Rosalind persevered and made a significant impact in the field of chemistry. Her contributions to the scientific community will always be remembered， and she will remain an inspiration to generations of future scientists.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗莎琳德·富兰克林的突出贡献和对人们的启迪。
9. What can we know about Rosalind’s upbringing from the first two paragraphs？
A. She had a strong interest in science.
B. She came from an extremely rich family.
C. She was born in King’s College London.
D. She got her postgraduate degree in Cambridge.
解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段“Rosalind Franklin， one of the most outstanding female scientists of the 20th century， was a remarkable British chemist and X－ray crystallographer(晶体学家). She made a great contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA， which led to a revolution in modern biology and genetics(遗传学).(罗莎琳德·富兰克林是20世纪最杰出的女科学家之一，她是一位杰出的英国化学家和X射线晶体学家。她对DNA结构的发现作出了巨大贡献，这导致了现代生物学和遗传学的革命。)”和第二段“Born in London in 1920， Rosalind grew up in a family of scientists and mathematicians.
She received her undergraduate degree in physical chemistry from the University of Cambridge and pursued her postgraduate degree in physical chemistry at King’s College London. It was during this time that she developed a keen interest in DNA structure， which she explored through X－ray crystallography.(罗莎琳德1920年出生于伦敦，成长于一个科学家和数学家的家庭。她在剑桥大学获得物理化学学士学位，并在伦敦国王学院攻读物理化学硕士学位。正是在这段时间里，她对DNA结构产生了浓厚的兴趣，并通过X射线晶体学进行了探索。)”可推知，罗莎琳德对科学有浓厚的兴趣。故选A。
答案：A
10. What was Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to the discovery of DNA structure？
A. Discovering the double helix structure.
B. Conducting X－ray crystallography analysis.
C. Overcoming the discrimination and sexism.
D. Pursuing a postgraduate degree in chemistry.
解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段“Rosalind’s contribution to the discovery of DNA structure was very important. Working alongside other scientists at the Medical Research Council in Cambridge， she used her skills in X－ray crystallography to produce high－resolution images of DNA molecules. Her images helped reveal the crucial helical(螺旋) structure of DNA， which was groundbreaking in the field of genetics.(罗莎琳德对发现DNA结构的贡献是非常重要的。她与剑桥医学研究委员会的其他科学家一起工作，利用她在X射线晶体学方面的技能制作了DNA分子的高分辨率图像。她的图像帮助揭示了DNA的关键螺旋结构，这在遗传学领域是开创性的。)”可推知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林进行X射线晶体学分析，有助于对DNA结构的发现。故选B。
答案：B
11. What does the underlined word “discrimination” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Praise. B. Support.
C. Neglect. D. Prejudice.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。由文章第四段中的“Despite her achievements， Rosalind’s role in the discovery of DNA structure was not always acknowledged.(尽管她取得了成就，但罗莎琳德在发现DNA结构方面的作用并没有得到承认。)”和“sexism(性别歧视)”可知，她在科学界面临歧视和性别歧视，画线词的意思为“歧视，偏见”。A. Praise赞美；B. Support支持；C. Neglect忽视；D. Prejudice偏见。故选D。
12. What does Rosalind Franklin’s story tell us？
A. The value of determination， hard work， and risk－taking.
B. The importance of DNA structure in biology and genetics.
C. The challenges faced by female scientists in the 20th century.
D. The significance of X－ray crystallography in scientific research.
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Rosalind’s legacy continues to inspire scientists and researchers worldwide today. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of determination， hard work， and a willingness to take risks in pursuit of scientific advancement. Despite the challenges she faced， Rosalind persevered and made a significant impact in the field of chemistry. Her contributions to the scientific community will always be remembered， and she will remain an inspiration to generations of future scientists.(罗莎琳德的遗产今天继续激励着全世界的科学家和研究人员。她的故事提醒我们，在追求科学进步的过程中，决心、努力工作和愿意冒险的重要性。
尽管面临挑战，罗莎琳德坚持不懈，并在化学领域产生了重大影响。她对科学界的贡献将永远被铭记，她将继续激励未来几代科学家。)”可推知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林的故事告诉我们决心、努力工作和冒险的价值。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅱ.七选五
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
1 He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer，and what is more，he has to apply it on his feet，in the dark and rain，running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.
2 He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad，unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal：as soon as he’s arrested，the story is over. 3 Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks， little effort is spent on searching.
A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures： First， as members of a police force， they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. 4 They can hardly ever do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to deceive the world，the world often deceives him. 5 And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple－mindedness－as he sees it－of citizens， social workers， doctors， law－makers， and judges， who， instead of eliminating crime， punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.
A. He can’t get any evidence from the witnesses.
B. In real life， finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.
C. Little of his time is spent in chatting.
D. Sometimes he can chat with others to relax himself.
E. Second， as expensive public servants， they have to get results.
F. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law.
G. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是现实生活中的警察与电视上的警察的不同之处。
答案：F
1.解析：首段为本文的总述，讲述的是现实中的警察与电视上的警察几乎没有什么相似之处。根据下文“He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer， and what is more”并结合第五段第一句“A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures”的提示可知，此空应为分述第一点区别，F项讲述的为第一点区别，符合文章结构特点。故选F项。
答案：C
2.解析：根据下文“He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad， unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.”可知，第二点区别应该是现实生活中警察的时间如何度过的。C项讲述的内容与下文一致。故选C项。
答案：B
3.解析：根据下文“Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks，little effort is spent on searching.”可知，除了在谋杀和恐怖袭击等非常严重的案件中，真正的警察很少花时间在搜索犯人上。由此可推断，空处与寻找罪犯有关系，B项中的finding criminals与空后的searching讲述的内容一致，符合语境。故选B项。
答案：E
4.解析：根据上文“First， as members of a police force， they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law.”可知，此处讲述的是首先作为警员他们要守法；结合空后的“They can hardly ever do both.”可知，此空处应分析警察的第二种行为标准。E项中的Second承接上文中的First，且内容一致，均是讲述现实中警察的行为标准，符合语境。故选E项。
答案：G
5.解析：根据上文“If the detective has to deceive the world， the world often deceives him.”可知，此处讲述的是关于“欺骗”的话题。G项讲述的是没人告诉他们真相，也属于欺骗，符合语境。故选G项。
语境13 对社会有突出贡献的人物
语境13 对社会有突出贡献的人物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Dr Elsa Olivetti has always been interested in how materials science can change the way we store energy. When she started her work at MIT， she was excited about discovering the secrets of sustainable battery production.
During her research， her main focus was on a special kind of battery， called solid－state batteries， and a material named LLZO. She discovered a big challenge： finding and getting a special material called tantalum， which is not easy to find but necessary for the production of LLZO. This inspired her to look at the whole process of making batteries beyond the laboratory， from getting the materials to producing the final product.
Dr Olivetti and her team looked into how these materials are mined， processed， and turned into batteries. They found that if we want to use more electric cars in the future， we need to get much better at producing and delivering materials like tantalum. Then， Dr Olivetti aims to figure out a creative solution to the challenge. She worked with industry leaders to develop sustainable mining practices and called on policy changes to support a better supply chain， which proves effective.
Dr Olivetti stresses that her work is not meant to replace traditional methods. Instead， it’s meant to help make the battery production better by looking broadly at the things that could make energy storage efficient. Looking ahead， Dr Olivetti remains committed to improving sustainable energy storage. She wants to make the production process less wasteful and more cost－effective， creating a future where energy storage is not only good but also kind to our planet.
Reflecting on her work， Dr Olivetti often says that what she does is more than just science. “Each step we take towards more efficient and environmentally－friendly battery technology is a step towards a better world，” stressing the importance of curiosity and perseverance in the pursuit of scientific exploration.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elsa Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力。
1. What was Dr Olivetti’s interest in her work at MIT？
A. Making electric cars cheaper.
B. Making batteries more sustainable.
C. Figuring out ways to mine materials.
D. Dealing with challenges of production.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When she started her work at MIT， she was excited about discovering the secrets of sustainable battery production.(当她开始在麻省理工学院工作时，她对发现可持续电池生产的秘密感到兴奋。)”可知，Olivetti博士对使电池更具可持续性感兴趣。故选B项。
2. Why is tantalum important in Dr Olivetti’s research？
A. It reduces production costs.
B. It helps sustainable mining.
C. It is a common battery material.
D. It is important for LLZO production.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She discovered a big challenge： finding and getting a special material called tantalum， which is not easy to find but necessary for the production of LLZO. (她发现了一个巨大的挑战：找到并获得一种叫做钽的特殊材料，这种材料不容易找到，但却是生产LLZO所必需的。)”可知，钽对LLZO的生产很重要。故选D项。
3. How did Dr Olivetti deal with the challenges in battery production？
A. She focused on lab experiments.
B. She worked with industry leaders.
C. She developed a new type of electric car.
D. She replaced old methods with modern ones.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then， Dr Olivetti aims to figure out a creative solution to the challenge. She worked with industry leaders to develop sustainable mining practices and called on policy changes to support a better supply chain， which proves effective.(然后，奥利维蒂博士的目标是找出一个创造性的解决方案来应对这一挑战。她与行业领袖合作，制定可持续的采矿实践，并呼吁改变政策，以支持更好的供应链，这被证明是有效的。)”可知，Olivetti博士在应对电池生产中的挑战时，和行业领袖一起工作。故选B项。
答案：B
4. What is the passage mainly about？
A. The science of battery.
B. The future of electric cars.
C. The importance of tantalum.
D. The work on better batteries.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“Each step we take towards more efficient and environmentally－friendly battery technology is a step towards a better world(我们朝着更高效、更环保的电池技术迈出的每一步，都是朝着更美好的世界迈出的一步)”可知，本文主要讲述了Elsa Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力，所以本文的中心思想是研究更好的电池。故选D项。
答案：D
B
Katalin Karikó along with her colleague Drew Weissman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for the development of mRNA technology.
Karikó was born in January 1955， in a small village in Hungary. She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult， she became interested in messenger RNA， which carries DNA instructions to the protein－making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients. However， Karikó faced a shortage of funding for her research in her country， and she then faced the choice of stopping and doing something not connected to her mission or continuing her research at the price of having to leave her country.
After searching for posts and scholarships worldwide， Karikó accepted an offer from Temple University in Philadelphia for a postdoctoral fellowship. Karikó and her husband gave up everything they had in their homeland and bought a one－way ticket to the US， where they knew no one.
She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections. Undeterred by the problems and challenges， she chose to continue her research. By focusing on what mattered to her every day， she “accidentally” met her work partner Drew Weissman who was also interested in mRNA. They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Karikó and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines(疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively.
Karikó’s life is a testament(证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of， but we are not good self－motivators on a daily basis.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家Katalin Karikó的个人经历以及她对梦想不懈追求，最终取得成功。
5. What can we learn about Karikó from Paragraph 2？
A. She had a tolerant mind.
B. She longed to be a doctor.
C. She was fond of world tours.
D. She had a clear sense of purpose.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She had an ambition from early on to become a scientist. As a young adult， she became interested in messenger RNA， which carries DNA instructions to the protein－making engine of cells. She hoped that mRNA could play a key role in the treatment of various diseases. It became her mission to make her dream a reality to help cure patients.(她从小就立志要成为一名科学家。作为一个年轻的成年人，她开始对信使RNA感兴趣，它携带DNA指令到细胞的蛋白质制造引擎。她希望mRNA能够在各种疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。帮助治愈病人成为了她的使命。)”可知，Karikó有明确的目标感。故选D。
答案：D
6. What does the underlined part “Undeterred by” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Not discouraged by.
B. Being unaware of.
C. Not motivated by.
D. Being ashamed of.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“She was initially on track to become a full professor but received repeated fund rejections.(她最初有望成为一名正教授，但一再遭到专项资金拒绝。)”以及后文“the problems and challenges， she chose to continue her research”可知，她一再被专项资金拒绝，但是没有因为遇到的问题和挑战而气馁，而是选择继续她的研究。故画线词的意思是“不气馁”。故选A。
答案：A
7. What is probably the main contribution of Karikó？
A. Simplifying the mRNA technology.
B. Making the structure of mRNA clear.
C. Developing a vaccine for a serious disease.
D. Laying the groundwork for mRNA vaccines.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They teamed up to work on mRNA and published papers about their groundbreaking discovery for years. Then the pandemic hit the world. The changed mRNA technology Karikó and Weissman invented was then used in vaccines(疫苗) that prevented the infection effectively.(他们合作研究mRNA，并发表了多年来关于他们突破性发现的论文。然后疫情席卷全球。Karikó和Weissman发明的mRNA技术发生了变化，然后用于疫苗，有效地预防了感染。)”可知，Karikó的主要贡献是为mRNA疫苗奠定基础。故选D。
答案：D
8. What lesson can we learn from Karikó’s success？
A. Nothing seek， nothing find.
B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Where there’s a will， there’s a way.
D. Necessity is the mother of invention.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Karikó’s life is a testament(证明) to finding one’s passion and then pursuing it every single day. Many of us know what we are fond of， but we are not good self－motivators on a daily basis.(Karikó的一生证明了找到自己为之热爱的事业，然后每一天都在追求它。我们中的许多人都知道自己喜欢什么，但在日常生活中，我们并不善于自我激励。)”可知，Karikó的成功告诉我们有志者事竟成。故选C。
答案：C
C
Rosalind Franklin， one of the most outstanding female scientists of the 20th century， was a remarkable British chemist and X－ray crystallographer(晶体学家). She made a great contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA， which led to a revolution in modern biology and genetics(遗传学).
Born in London in 1920， Rosalind grew up in a family of scientists and mathematicians. She received her undergraduate degree in physical chemistry from the University of Cambridge and pursued her postgraduate degree in physical chemistry at King’s College London. It was during this time that she developed a keen interest in DNA structure， which she explored through X－ray crystallography.
Rosalind’s contribution to the discovery of DNA structure was very important. Working alongside other scientists at the Medical Research Council in Cambridge， she used her skills in X－ray crystallography to produce high－resolution images of DNA molecules. Her images helped reveal the crucial helical(螺旋) structure of DNA， which was groundbreaking in the field of genetics.
Despite her achievements， Rosalind’s role in the discovery of DNA structure was not always acknowledged. She faced discrimination and sexism within the scientific community and was often overlooked for credit and recognition for her work.
James Watson and Francis Crick announced the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953， which they attributed to Rosalind and another scientist， Maurice Wilkins. However， it wasn’t until years later that Rosalind’s contribution was fully recognized.
Rosalind’s legacy continues to inspire scientists and researchers worldwide today. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of determination， hard work， and a willingness to take risks in pursuit of scientific advancement. Despite the challenges she faced， Rosalind persevered and made a significant impact in the field of chemistry. Her contributions to the scientific community will always be remembered， and she will remain an inspiration to generations of future scientists.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗莎琳德·富兰克林的突出贡献和对人们的启迪。
9. What can we know about Rosalind’s upbringing from the first two paragraphs？
A. She had a strong interest in science.
B. She came from an extremely rich family.
C. She was born in King’s College London.
D. She got her postgraduate degree in Cambridge.
解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段“Rosalind Franklin， one of the most outstanding female scientists of the 20th century， was a remarkable British chemist and X－ray crystallographer(晶体学家). She made a great contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA， which led to a revolution in modern biology and genetics(遗传学).(罗莎琳德·富兰克林是20世纪最杰出的女科学家之一，她是一位杰出的英国化学家和X射线晶体学家。她对DNA结构的发现作出了巨大贡献，这导致了现代生物学和遗传学的革命。)”和第二段“Born in London in 1920， Rosalind grew up in a family of scientists and mathematicians.
She received her undergraduate degree in physical chemistry from the University of Cambridge and pursued her postgraduate degree in physical chemistry at King’s College London. It was during this time that she developed a keen interest in DNA structure， which she explored through X－ray crystallography.(罗莎琳德1920年出生于伦敦，成长于一个科学家和数学家的家庭。她在剑桥大学获得物理化学学士学位，并在伦敦国王学院攻读物理化学硕士学位。正是在这段时间里，她对DNA结构产生了浓厚的兴趣，并通过X射线晶体学进行了探索。)”可推知，罗莎琳德对科学有浓厚的兴趣。故选A。
答案：A
10. What was Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to the discovery of DNA structure？
A. Discovering the double helix structure.
B. Conducting X－ray crystallography analysis.
C. Overcoming the discrimination and sexism.
D. Pursuing a postgraduate degree in chemistry.
解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段“Rosalind’s contribution to the discovery of DNA structure was very important. Working alongside other scientists at the Medical Research Council in Cambridge， she used her skills in X－ray crystallography to produce high－resolution images of DNA molecules. Her images helped reveal the crucial helical(螺旋) structure of DNA， which was groundbreaking in the field of genetics.(罗莎琳德对发现DNA结构的贡献是非常重要的。她与剑桥医学研究委员会的其他科学家一起工作，利用她在X射线晶体学方面的技能制作了DNA分子的高分辨率图像。她的图像帮助揭示了DNA的关键螺旋结构，这在遗传学领域是开创性的。)”可推知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林进行X射线晶体学分析，有助于对DNA结构的发现。故选B。
答案：B
11. What does the underlined word “discrimination” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Praise. B. Support.
C. Neglect. D. Prejudice.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。由文章第四段中的“Despite her achievements， Rosalind’s role in the discovery of DNA structure was not always acknowledged.(尽管她取得了成就，但罗莎琳德在发现DNA结构方面的作用并没有得到承认。)”和“sexism(性别歧视)”可知，她在科学界面临歧视和性别歧视，画线词的意思为“歧视，偏见”。A. Praise赞美；B. Support支持；C. Neglect忽视；D. Prejudice偏见。故选D。
12. What does Rosalind Franklin’s story tell us？
A. The value of determination， hard work， and risk－taking.
B. The importance of DNA structure in biology and genetics.
C. The challenges faced by female scientists in the 20th century.
D. The significance of X－ray crystallography in scientific research.
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Rosalind’s legacy continues to inspire scientists and researchers worldwide today. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of determination， hard work， and a willingness to take risks in pursuit of scientific advancement. Despite the challenges she faced， Rosalind persevered and made a significant impact in the field of chemistry. Her contributions to the scientific community will always be remembered， and she will remain an inspiration to generations of future scientists.(罗莎琳德的遗产今天继续激励着全世界的科学家和研究人员。她的故事提醒我们，在追求科学进步的过程中，决心、努力工作和愿意冒险的重要性。
尽管面临挑战，罗莎琳德坚持不懈，并在化学领域产生了重大影响。她对科学界的贡献将永远被铭记，她将继续激励未来几代科学家。)”可推知，罗莎琳德·富兰克林的故事告诉我们决心、努力工作和冒险的价值。故选A。
答案：A
Ⅱ.七选五
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
1 He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer，and what is more，he has to apply it on his feet，in the dark and rain，running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.
2 He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad，unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal：as soon as he’s arrested，the story is over. 3 Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks， little effort is spent on searching.
A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures： First， as members of a police force， they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. 4 They can hardly ever do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to deceive the world，the world often deceives him. 5 And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple－mindedness－as he sees it－of citizens， social workers， doctors， law－makers， and judges， who， instead of eliminating crime， punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.
A. He can’t get any evidence from the witnesses.
B. In real life， finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.
C. Little of his time is spent in chatting.
D. Sometimes he can chat with others to relax himself.
E. Second， as expensive public servants， they have to get results.
F. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law.
G. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是现实生活中的警察与电视上的警察的不同之处。
答案：F
1.解析：首段为本文的总述，讲述的是现实中的警察与电视上的警察几乎没有什么相似之处。根据下文“He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer， and what is more”并结合第五段第一句“A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures”的提示可知，此空应为分述第一点区别，F项讲述的为第一点区别，符合文章结构特点。故选F项。
答案：C
2.解析：根据下文“He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad， unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.”可知，第二点区别应该是现实生活中警察的时间如何度过的。C项讲述的内容与下文一致。故选C项。
答案：B
3.解析：根据下文“Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks，little effort is spent on searching.”可知，除了在谋杀和恐怖袭击等非常严重的案件中，真正的警察很少花时间在搜索犯人上。由此可推断，空处与寻找罪犯有关系，B项中的finding criminals与空后的searching讲述的内容一致，符合语境。故选B项。
答案：E
4.解析：根据上文“First， as members of a police force， they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law.”可知，此处讲述的是首先作为警员他们要守法；结合空后的“They can hardly ever do both.”可知，此空处应分析警察的第二种行为标准。E项中的Second承接上文中的First，且内容一致，均是讲述现实中警察的行为标准，符合语境。故选E项。
答案：G
5.解析：根据上文“If the detective has to deceive the world， the world often deceives him.”可知，此处讲述的是关于“欺骗”的话题。G项讲述的是没人告诉他们真相，也属于欺骗，符合语境。故选G项。