2026届 高考英语二轮复习语境17人与动植物阅读课件（共47张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届 高考英语二轮复习语境17人与动植物阅读课件（共47张PPT) |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-14 00:00:00 | ||
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(共47张PPT)
语境17 人与动植物
语境17 人与动植物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The impact of the man－made climate crisis on Antarctica is scientifically undeniable： stable ice shelves are retreating， air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius， krill(磷虾) numbers are declining， melting ice is contributing to sea level rise， and polar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual，” Jasmine Rachael Lee， lead author of the University of Queensland study says.
Published in the journal PLOS Biology， the study finds population declines are likely for 65％ of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100. The most vulnerable(脆弱的) species is the Emperor penguins. In October 2022， the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperor penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA)， as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26％ to 47％ dip in its population by 2050. “This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转)，” said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.
Aside from Emperor penguins， other Antarctic specialists， like the Adélie penguin and dry soil nematodes， were also highly vulnerable. We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices help to relieve climate change－because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it. And then we need local actions to help protect biodiversity against local threats and give them the best chance of adapting to climate changes. This will help to save our iconic(代表性的) species like the Emperor penguins and all of Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants.
It will also help humankind， as we rely heavily on the priceless services the Antarctic provides in regulating our climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是一项研究发现：到2100年，南极洲65％的植物和野生动物将减少，现有的保护工作不足以保护南极生态系统，我们迫切需要结合全球行动，以最好地保护南极物种。
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1？
A. The impact of climate crisis is usually denied.
B. Conservation efforts are badly needed.
C. Air temperature on Antarctic increases 3 ℃ annually.
D. Sea level rise results in seabirds losing their habitats.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual(如果我们继续一切照旧，到本世纪末，南极的生物多样性可能会大幅下降)”可知，如果继续这样下去，南极的生物多样性会急剧下降。由此可推知，保护工作是迫切需要的。故选B项。
2. Why is the Emperor penguin mentioned in Paragraph 2？
A. To serve as a call to protect wildlife on Antarctic.
B. To reflect the growing population of wild species.
C. To prove the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.
D. To highlight the severe impact of rising temperature.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“'This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转)，' said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.( ”这一名单反映了日益严重的物种灭绝危机，凸显了ESA的重要性，以及在种群数量下降不可逆转之前保护物种的努力。“当时的服务主管Martha Williams说。)”可知，气候变化正在对世界各地的物种产生深远影响，将帝企鹅列入名单是一个行动号召，以保护南极洲的野生动物。故选A项。
答案：A
3. What is probably the best conservation policy？
A. Reducing the chances of making a trip to Antarctic.
B. Making joint efforts to relieve climate change.
C. Attempting to provide essential nutrients to the ecosystem.
D. Continuing to carry forward the Endangered Species Act.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices help to relieve climate change－because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it.(我们迫切需要全球和地方保护行动相结合，以最好地保护南极物种。全球行动和全球声音有助于缓解气候变化——因为南极洲面临的最大威胁来自外部。)”可知，我们迫切需要结合全球和地方保护行动，这有助于缓解气候变化。故选B项。
答案：B
4. What is the best title for the text？
A. Plants and Wildlife on Antarctica Will Decline Quickly
B. Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable to Human Threats
C. More Action Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife on Antarctica
D. The Best Conservation Strategy Will Be Carried Out Soon
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“'Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual，' Jasmine Rachael Lee， lead author of the University of Queensland study says.(”如果我们继续一切照旧，到本世纪末，南极的生物多样性可能会大幅下降。“昆士兰大学这项研究的主要作者Jasmine Rachael Lee说。)”引出本文讲述的话题；根据第二段中的“Published in the journal PLOS Biology， the study finds population declines are likely for 65％ of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100.(这项发表在《公共科学图书馆生物学》杂志上的研究发现，到2100年，南极洲大陆65％的植物和野生动物的数量可能会下降。)”
可知，研究发现，到2100年， 南极洲65％的植物和野生动物将减少；结合下文中对这一研究发现以及对解决这一问题的迫切性的分析可知，本文主要讲述的是一项研究发现：要采取更多的行动来保护南极的野生物种。所以，“应采取更多行动保护南极洲的野生动植物”可以概括本文的主题，适合作为本文最佳标题。故选C项。
答案：C
B
One Saturday in June， I got off the train from Vienna at Altenberg Station， in the midst of a gathering of bathers， such as often flock to our village at fine weekends.
I had gone only a few steps along the street and the crowd had not yet scattered when， high above me in the air， I saw a bird whose species I could not at first determine. It flew with slow， measured wing－beats， varied at set intervals by longer periods of gliding. It seemed too heavy to be a hawk； for a stork(鹳)， it was not big enough and， even at that height， neck and feet should have been visible. Then the bird made a sudden turn so that the setting sun shone for a second full on the underside of the great wings which lit up like stars in the blue of the skies. The bird was white. By heaven， it was my cockatoo(凤头鹦鹉)！ The steady movements of his wings clearly indicated that he was setting out on a long－distance flight.
“What should I do？ Should I call to the bird？” Well， have you ever heard the flight－call of the greater cockatoo？ No？ But you have probably heard pig－killing in the traditional method. Imagine the loudest long cry a pig could make， picked up by a microphone and amplified many times over by a powerful speaker. A man can imitate it quite successfully， though somewhat weak， by shouting at the top of his voice “O－ah”. I had already proved that the cockatoo understood this imitation and promptly “came to heel”. But would it work at such a height？ A bird always has great difficulty in making the decision to fly downwards at a steep angle. To yell， or not to yell， that was the question. If I yelled and the bird came down， all would be well， but what if it sailed calmly on through the clouds？ How would I then explain my song to the crowd of people？
Finally， I did yell. The people around me stood still， rooted to the spot. The bird hesitated for a moment on outstretched wings， and then， folding them， it descended in one dive and landed upon my outstretched arm. Once again I was master of the situation.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某天发现了一只白色的凤头鹦鹉，通过模仿鹦鹉的叫声，作者让鹦鹉回到了自己身边。
5. What was the author’s cockatoo like？
A. It looked like a hawk.
B. It was blue and shiny.
C. Its neck and feet were long.
D. It was white with great wings.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then the bird made a sudden turn so that the setting sun shone for a second full on the underside of the great wings which lit up like stars in the blue of the skies. The bird was white.(接着，鸟儿突然转了个身，落日的余晖在它的大翅膀下面照了整整一秒钟，翅膀就像蓝色天空中的星星一样闪闪发光。鸟是白色的。)”可知，作者的凤头鹦鹉是白色的，长着大大的翅膀。故选D。
答案：D
6. How did the author signal to his cockatoo？
A. By waving at it quickly.
B. By singing a song loudly.
C. By screaming his head off.
D. By using a powerful loudspeaker.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But you have probably heard pig－killing in the traditional method. Imagine the loudest long cry a pig could make， picked up by a microphone and amplified many times over by a powerful speaker. A man can imitate it quite successfully， though somewhat weak， by shouting at the top of his voice 'O－ah'. I had already proved that the cockatoo understood this imitation and promptly 'came to heel'.(但你可能听说过用传统方法杀猪。想象一下，猪能发出的最响亮的长叫声，被麦克风拾取，并被强大的扬声器放大多次。一个人可以很成功地模仿它，虽然有点虚弱，通过大声喊”O－ah“。我已经证明这只凤头鹦鹉听懂了我的模仿，并立刻”跟了上来“。)”可知，作者用尖叫声示意鹦鹉回来。故选C。
答案：C
7. What does the underlined part “came to heel” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Flew about.
B. Came back.
C. Came around.
D. Landed on the ground.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句“I had already proved that the cockatoo understood this imitation and promptly 'came to heel'.(我已经证明这只凤头鹦鹉听懂了我的模仿，并迅速”came to heel“。)”可知，这只凤头鹦鹉听懂了作者的模仿，所以立刻回来了。故画线部分的意思是“回来”。故选B。
答案：B
8. Which can be inferred about the author from the text？
A. He knew birds very well.
B. He could speak with his bird.
C. He liked showing off in public.
D. He often surprised people around him.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“I had gone only a few steps along the street and the crowd had not yet scattered when， high above me in the air， I saw a bird whose species I could not at first determine. It flew with slow， measured wing－beats， varied at set intervals by longer periods of gliding. It seemed too heavy to be a hawk； for a stork(鹳)， it was not big enough and， even at that height， neck and feet should have been visible. Then the bird made a sudden turn so that the setting sun shone for a second full on the underside of the great wings which lit up like stars in the blue of the skies. The bird was white. By heaven， it was my cockatoo(凤头鹦鹉)！
The steady movements of his wings clearly indicated that he was setting out on a long－distance flight.(我沿着街道刚走了几步，人群还没散去，就在我头顶的高处，我看见一只鸟，起初我还不能确定它的种类。它缓慢而匀称地拍打着翅膀，在固定的时间间隔内，随着滑翔时间的延长而变化。它似乎太重了，不像是一只鹰；对于一只鹳来说，它还不够大，即使在那个高度，脖子和脚也应该是可见的。接着，鸟儿突然转了个身，落日的余晖在它的大翅膀下面照了整整一秒钟，翅膀就像蓝色天空中的星星一样闪闪发光。鸟是白色的。天哪，那是我的凤头鹦鹉！他翅膀的平稳运动清楚地表明他正在进行一次长途飞行。)”可推知，作者对不同的鸟都有所了解，所以能区别辨认不同的鸟。故选A。
答案：A
C
Well， it isn’t a long story， but I wonder if you will really understand.
I used to be crazy about hunting. There’s a thrill in hunting， an excitement that comes over you when a deer crashes out of the bush. After hunting， you feel great to show off with the boys.
It was like that the last time I was in the woods. I went up into the hills alone， heading for a well－used deer trail. Sure enough there were fresh tracks in the snow. Then I saw him. A deer， a big beautiful deer！ Surely I couldn’t miss！ I waited for him to realize I was there and run away. But he fooled me completely. He came towards me！ He was curious， I suppose， or maybe he was stupid－how else can you explain it？
He must have known about men and guns. But he came closer， putting one foot before the other， slowly and purposefully. His big eyes never moved from my face. Well， that deer walked right up to me. Then he stopped and looked at me！
What happened next is hard to believe， but it’s true. And it all seemed quite natural. Just as when a friendly puppy comes near you， I reached up and scratched his head， right between the horns. And he liked to be scratched. That big， wild， beautiful deer bent his head like a young horse. In fact， he practically asked for more. I scratched his head and his nose poked at my shoulder. He didn’t even tremble. Well， he finally went his way， down the hill and up the deer trail. Shoot him？ Not me. You wouldn’t have either， not after that. I just watched him go.
There’s very little more to tell. I picked up my thermos， and started walking back. I was about half way back when I heard two shots， followed by a dull slam a few seconds later. Those two shoots usually mean a kill. I had forgotten there were other hunters that day.
Those hunters would never know they could have scratched his head...
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以前喜欢打猎，但最后一次打猎他遇到了一头单纯、善良、愿意与人亲近的鹿，并与它之间有了温馨的、友好的互动，他不忍心伤害这只鹿，把它放走了的一段故事。
9. Why did the author mention his craze for hunting？
A. To present a cause.
B. To illustrate an idea.
C. To make a contrast.
D. To explain a phenomenon.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I used to be crazy about hunting.(我以前很喜欢打猎。)”和第五段中的“Shoot him？ Not me. You wouldn’t have either， not after that. I just watched him go.(射杀它吗？我没有这么做。你也不会的，除非在那之后。我只是看着它离开。)”可知，作者以前喜欢打猎，可这一次他却放走了这只鹿，可见作者提到他以前喜欢打猎，是为了和后来的转变作鲜明的对比。故选C。
答案：C
10. Why did the author change his mind and let the deer go？
A. The deer was stupid.
B. The author was not prepared.
C. Their interaction softened the author.
D. The deer fooled the author into doing that.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Just as when a friendly puppy comes near you， I reached up and scratched his head， right between the horns. And he liked to be scratched. That big， wild， beautiful deer bent his head like a young horse. In fact， he practically asked for more. I scratched his head and his nose poked at my shoulder. He didn’t even tremble.(就像一只友好的小狗靠近你一样，我伸手挠了挠它的头，就在两角之间。它喜欢被挠。那头又大又野又漂亮的鹿像一匹小马似的低下了头。事实上，它实际上要求更多。我挠着它的头。它的鼻子戳着我的肩膀。它甚至没有颤抖。)”和“Shoot him？ Not me. You wouldn’t have either， not after that.
I just watched him go.(射杀它吗？我没有这么做。你也不会的，除非在那之后。我只是看着它离开。)”可知，作者和鹿之间的互动令作者心软了，于是放走了鹿。故选C。
答案：C
11. What can be inferred from the text？
A. The deer was probably killed.
B. The deer was alert to human beings.
C. The author is an inexperienced hunter.
D. The author was happy that the deer ran away.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Those two shoots usually mean a kill. I had forgotten there were other hunters that day.(这两枪通常意味着一次猎杀，我已经忘了那天还有其他猎人。)”可知，那头鹿很可能被别的猎人猎杀了。故选A。
12. Which of the following might be the best title for the text？
A. A Hunting in Late Fall
B. A Lovely Deer
C. The Cruel Killing
D. The Last Hunting
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Well， it isn’t a long story， but I wonder if you will really understand.(这说来话长，但我想知道你是否真的能理解。)”、第二段中的“I used to be crazy about hunting.(我以前很喜欢打猎。)”、第五段中的“I just watched him go.(我只是看着它离开。)”、最后一段“Those hunters would never know they could have scratched his head...(那些猎人永远不会知道他们可以挠它的头……)”及全文内容可知，作者通过讲述他以前喜欢打猎，但这次小鹿对人类的不设防及主动亲近，以及他们之间的温馨互动让他心软，不忍伤害小鹿，最终放走了它的故事，告诉了读者他放弃猎杀小鹿的原因，所以这是作者的“最后一次捕猎”。故选D。
答案：D
Ⅱ.七选五
There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow－water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep－sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep－sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 3 The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.
4 The deep－sea species have been caught as if they were the fast－breeding(快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems， but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.
D. This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”.
E. None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.
F. Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife.
G. This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过度捕捞导致的后果。
A. Billions of people rely on fish for protein.
B. Many people now choose not to eat deep－sea fish.
C. Unfortunately， their reproduction rate is very low.
答案：G
1.解析：根据上文“People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.(人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深海区。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明上文做法导致的不良影响。G项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。”切题。故选G项。
答案：D
2.解析：根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.(对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87％到98％。)”可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称它们为“极度濒危”物种。D项“这使得它们被归为'极度濒危'物种。”切题，其中的This指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故选D项。
答案：C
3.解析：根据上文“Deep－sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.(深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年。)”和下文“The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.(这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57％。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代。)”可知，空处承上启下，说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。C项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低。”切题。故选C项。
答案：E
4.解析：根据下文“The deep－sea species have been caught as if they were the fast－breeding(快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.(深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样。)”可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。E项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实。”切题。故选E项。
答案：A
5.解析：根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.(数百万人以渔业为生。)”可知，空处与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人们的重要作用。A项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质。”切题。故选A项。
语境17 人与动植物
语境17 人与动植物
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The impact of the man－made climate crisis on Antarctica is scientifically undeniable： stable ice shelves are retreating， air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius， krill(磷虾) numbers are declining， melting ice is contributing to sea level rise， and polar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual，” Jasmine Rachael Lee， lead author of the University of Queensland study says.
Published in the journal PLOS Biology， the study finds population declines are likely for 65％ of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100. The most vulnerable(脆弱的) species is the Emperor penguins. In October 2022， the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperor penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA)， as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26％ to 47％ dip in its population by 2050. “This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转)，” said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.
Aside from Emperor penguins， other Antarctic specialists， like the Adélie penguin and dry soil nematodes， were also highly vulnerable. We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices help to relieve climate change－because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it. And then we need local actions to help protect biodiversity against local threats and give them the best chance of adapting to climate changes. This will help to save our iconic(代表性的) species like the Emperor penguins and all of Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants.
It will also help humankind， as we rely heavily on the priceless services the Antarctic provides in regulating our climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是一项研究发现：到2100年，南极洲65％的植物和野生动物将减少，现有的保护工作不足以保护南极生态系统，我们迫切需要结合全球行动，以最好地保护南极物种。
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1？
A. The impact of climate crisis is usually denied.
B. Conservation efforts are badly needed.
C. Air temperature on Antarctic increases 3 ℃ annually.
D. Sea level rise results in seabirds losing their habitats.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual(如果我们继续一切照旧，到本世纪末，南极的生物多样性可能会大幅下降)”可知，如果继续这样下去，南极的生物多样性会急剧下降。由此可推知，保护工作是迫切需要的。故选B项。
2. Why is the Emperor penguin mentioned in Paragraph 2？
A. To serve as a call to protect wildlife on Antarctic.
B. To reflect the growing population of wild species.
C. To prove the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.
D. To highlight the severe impact of rising temperature.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“'This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转)，' said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.( ”这一名单反映了日益严重的物种灭绝危机，凸显了ESA的重要性，以及在种群数量下降不可逆转之前保护物种的努力。“当时的服务主管Martha Williams说。)”可知，气候变化正在对世界各地的物种产生深远影响，将帝企鹅列入名单是一个行动号召，以保护南极洲的野生动物。故选A项。
答案：A
3. What is probably the best conservation policy？
A. Reducing the chances of making a trip to Antarctic.
B. Making joint efforts to relieve climate change.
C. Attempting to provide essential nutrients to the ecosystem.
D. Continuing to carry forward the Endangered Species Act.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices help to relieve climate change－because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it.(我们迫切需要全球和地方保护行动相结合，以最好地保护南极物种。全球行动和全球声音有助于缓解气候变化——因为南极洲面临的最大威胁来自外部。)”可知，我们迫切需要结合全球和地方保护行动，这有助于缓解气候变化。故选B项。
答案：B
4. What is the best title for the text？
A. Plants and Wildlife on Antarctica Will Decline Quickly
B. Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable to Human Threats
C. More Action Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife on Antarctica
D. The Best Conservation Strategy Will Be Carried Out Soon
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“'Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual，' Jasmine Rachael Lee， lead author of the University of Queensland study says.(”如果我们继续一切照旧，到本世纪末，南极的生物多样性可能会大幅下降。“昆士兰大学这项研究的主要作者Jasmine Rachael Lee说。)”引出本文讲述的话题；根据第二段中的“Published in the journal PLOS Biology， the study finds population declines are likely for 65％ of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100.(这项发表在《公共科学图书馆生物学》杂志上的研究发现，到2100年，南极洲大陆65％的植物和野生动物的数量可能会下降。)”
可知，研究发现，到2100年， 南极洲65％的植物和野生动物将减少；结合下文中对这一研究发现以及对解决这一问题的迫切性的分析可知，本文主要讲述的是一项研究发现：要采取更多的行动来保护南极的野生物种。所以，“应采取更多行动保护南极洲的野生动植物”可以概括本文的主题，适合作为本文最佳标题。故选C项。
答案：C
B
One Saturday in June， I got off the train from Vienna at Altenberg Station， in the midst of a gathering of bathers， such as often flock to our village at fine weekends.
I had gone only a few steps along the street and the crowd had not yet scattered when， high above me in the air， I saw a bird whose species I could not at first determine. It flew with slow， measured wing－beats， varied at set intervals by longer periods of gliding. It seemed too heavy to be a hawk； for a stork(鹳)， it was not big enough and， even at that height， neck and feet should have been visible. Then the bird made a sudden turn so that the setting sun shone for a second full on the underside of the great wings which lit up like stars in the blue of the skies. The bird was white. By heaven， it was my cockatoo(凤头鹦鹉)！ The steady movements of his wings clearly indicated that he was setting out on a long－distance flight.
“What should I do？ Should I call to the bird？” Well， have you ever heard the flight－call of the greater cockatoo？ No？ But you have probably heard pig－killing in the traditional method. Imagine the loudest long cry a pig could make， picked up by a microphone and amplified many times over by a powerful speaker. A man can imitate it quite successfully， though somewhat weak， by shouting at the top of his voice “O－ah”. I had already proved that the cockatoo understood this imitation and promptly “came to heel”. But would it work at such a height？ A bird always has great difficulty in making the decision to fly downwards at a steep angle. To yell， or not to yell， that was the question. If I yelled and the bird came down， all would be well， but what if it sailed calmly on through the clouds？ How would I then explain my song to the crowd of people？
Finally， I did yell. The people around me stood still， rooted to the spot. The bird hesitated for a moment on outstretched wings， and then， folding them， it descended in one dive and landed upon my outstretched arm. Once again I was master of the situation.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某天发现了一只白色的凤头鹦鹉，通过模仿鹦鹉的叫声，作者让鹦鹉回到了自己身边。
5. What was the author’s cockatoo like？
A. It looked like a hawk.
B. It was blue and shiny.
C. Its neck and feet were long.
D. It was white with great wings.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then the bird made a sudden turn so that the setting sun shone for a second full on the underside of the great wings which lit up like stars in the blue of the skies. The bird was white.(接着，鸟儿突然转了个身，落日的余晖在它的大翅膀下面照了整整一秒钟，翅膀就像蓝色天空中的星星一样闪闪发光。鸟是白色的。)”可知，作者的凤头鹦鹉是白色的，长着大大的翅膀。故选D。
答案：D
6. How did the author signal to his cockatoo？
A. By waving at it quickly.
B. By singing a song loudly.
C. By screaming his head off.
D. By using a powerful loudspeaker.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But you have probably heard pig－killing in the traditional method. Imagine the loudest long cry a pig could make， picked up by a microphone and amplified many times over by a powerful speaker. A man can imitate it quite successfully， though somewhat weak， by shouting at the top of his voice 'O－ah'. I had already proved that the cockatoo understood this imitation and promptly 'came to heel'.(但你可能听说过用传统方法杀猪。想象一下，猪能发出的最响亮的长叫声，被麦克风拾取，并被强大的扬声器放大多次。一个人可以很成功地模仿它，虽然有点虚弱，通过大声喊”O－ah“。我已经证明这只凤头鹦鹉听懂了我的模仿，并立刻”跟了上来“。)”可知，作者用尖叫声示意鹦鹉回来。故选C。
答案：C
7. What does the underlined part “came to heel” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Flew about.
B. Came back.
C. Came around.
D. Landed on the ground.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句“I had already proved that the cockatoo understood this imitation and promptly 'came to heel'.(我已经证明这只凤头鹦鹉听懂了我的模仿，并迅速”came to heel“。)”可知，这只凤头鹦鹉听懂了作者的模仿，所以立刻回来了。故画线部分的意思是“回来”。故选B。
答案：B
8. Which can be inferred about the author from the text？
A. He knew birds very well.
B. He could speak with his bird.
C. He liked showing off in public.
D. He often surprised people around him.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“I had gone only a few steps along the street and the crowd had not yet scattered when， high above me in the air， I saw a bird whose species I could not at first determine. It flew with slow， measured wing－beats， varied at set intervals by longer periods of gliding. It seemed too heavy to be a hawk； for a stork(鹳)， it was not big enough and， even at that height， neck and feet should have been visible. Then the bird made a sudden turn so that the setting sun shone for a second full on the underside of the great wings which lit up like stars in the blue of the skies. The bird was white. By heaven， it was my cockatoo(凤头鹦鹉)！
The steady movements of his wings clearly indicated that he was setting out on a long－distance flight.(我沿着街道刚走了几步，人群还没散去，就在我头顶的高处，我看见一只鸟，起初我还不能确定它的种类。它缓慢而匀称地拍打着翅膀，在固定的时间间隔内，随着滑翔时间的延长而变化。它似乎太重了，不像是一只鹰；对于一只鹳来说，它还不够大，即使在那个高度，脖子和脚也应该是可见的。接着，鸟儿突然转了个身，落日的余晖在它的大翅膀下面照了整整一秒钟，翅膀就像蓝色天空中的星星一样闪闪发光。鸟是白色的。天哪，那是我的凤头鹦鹉！他翅膀的平稳运动清楚地表明他正在进行一次长途飞行。)”可推知，作者对不同的鸟都有所了解，所以能区别辨认不同的鸟。故选A。
答案：A
C
Well， it isn’t a long story， but I wonder if you will really understand.
I used to be crazy about hunting. There’s a thrill in hunting， an excitement that comes over you when a deer crashes out of the bush. After hunting， you feel great to show off with the boys.
It was like that the last time I was in the woods. I went up into the hills alone， heading for a well－used deer trail. Sure enough there were fresh tracks in the snow. Then I saw him. A deer， a big beautiful deer！ Surely I couldn’t miss！ I waited for him to realize I was there and run away. But he fooled me completely. He came towards me！ He was curious， I suppose， or maybe he was stupid－how else can you explain it？
He must have known about men and guns. But he came closer， putting one foot before the other， slowly and purposefully. His big eyes never moved from my face. Well， that deer walked right up to me. Then he stopped and looked at me！
What happened next is hard to believe， but it’s true. And it all seemed quite natural. Just as when a friendly puppy comes near you， I reached up and scratched his head， right between the horns. And he liked to be scratched. That big， wild， beautiful deer bent his head like a young horse. In fact， he practically asked for more. I scratched his head and his nose poked at my shoulder. He didn’t even tremble. Well， he finally went his way， down the hill and up the deer trail. Shoot him？ Not me. You wouldn’t have either， not after that. I just watched him go.
There’s very little more to tell. I picked up my thermos， and started walking back. I was about half way back when I heard two shots， followed by a dull slam a few seconds later. Those two shoots usually mean a kill. I had forgotten there were other hunters that day.
Those hunters would never know they could have scratched his head...
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以前喜欢打猎，但最后一次打猎他遇到了一头单纯、善良、愿意与人亲近的鹿，并与它之间有了温馨的、友好的互动，他不忍心伤害这只鹿，把它放走了的一段故事。
9. Why did the author mention his craze for hunting？
A. To present a cause.
B. To illustrate an idea.
C. To make a contrast.
D. To explain a phenomenon.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I used to be crazy about hunting.(我以前很喜欢打猎。)”和第五段中的“Shoot him？ Not me. You wouldn’t have either， not after that. I just watched him go.(射杀它吗？我没有这么做。你也不会的，除非在那之后。我只是看着它离开。)”可知，作者以前喜欢打猎，可这一次他却放走了这只鹿，可见作者提到他以前喜欢打猎，是为了和后来的转变作鲜明的对比。故选C。
答案：C
10. Why did the author change his mind and let the deer go？
A. The deer was stupid.
B. The author was not prepared.
C. Their interaction softened the author.
D. The deer fooled the author into doing that.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Just as when a friendly puppy comes near you， I reached up and scratched his head， right between the horns. And he liked to be scratched. That big， wild， beautiful deer bent his head like a young horse. In fact， he practically asked for more. I scratched his head and his nose poked at my shoulder. He didn’t even tremble.(就像一只友好的小狗靠近你一样，我伸手挠了挠它的头，就在两角之间。它喜欢被挠。那头又大又野又漂亮的鹿像一匹小马似的低下了头。事实上，它实际上要求更多。我挠着它的头。它的鼻子戳着我的肩膀。它甚至没有颤抖。)”和“Shoot him？ Not me. You wouldn’t have either， not after that.
I just watched him go.(射杀它吗？我没有这么做。你也不会的，除非在那之后。我只是看着它离开。)”可知，作者和鹿之间的互动令作者心软了，于是放走了鹿。故选C。
答案：C
11. What can be inferred from the text？
A. The deer was probably killed.
B. The deer was alert to human beings.
C. The author is an inexperienced hunter.
D. The author was happy that the deer ran away.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Those two shoots usually mean a kill. I had forgotten there were other hunters that day.(这两枪通常意味着一次猎杀，我已经忘了那天还有其他猎人。)”可知，那头鹿很可能被别的猎人猎杀了。故选A。
12. Which of the following might be the best title for the text？
A. A Hunting in Late Fall
B. A Lovely Deer
C. The Cruel Killing
D. The Last Hunting
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Well， it isn’t a long story， but I wonder if you will really understand.(这说来话长，但我想知道你是否真的能理解。)”、第二段中的“I used to be crazy about hunting.(我以前很喜欢打猎。)”、第五段中的“I just watched him go.(我只是看着它离开。)”、最后一段“Those hunters would never know they could have scratched his head...(那些猎人永远不会知道他们可以挠它的头……)”及全文内容可知，作者通过讲述他以前喜欢打猎，但这次小鹿对人类的不设防及主动亲近，以及他们之间的温馨互动让他心软，不忍伤害小鹿，最终放走了它的故事，告诉了读者他放弃猎杀小鹿的原因，所以这是作者的“最后一次捕猎”。故选D。
答案：D
Ⅱ.七选五
There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow－water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep－sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep－sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 3 The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.
4 The deep－sea species have been caught as if they were the fast－breeding(快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems， but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.
D. This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”.
E. None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.
F. Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife.
G. This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过度捕捞导致的后果。
A. Billions of people rely on fish for protein.
B. Many people now choose not to eat deep－sea fish.
C. Unfortunately， their reproduction rate is very low.
答案：G
1.解析：根据上文“People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.(人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深海区。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明上文做法导致的不良影响。G项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。”切题。故选G项。
答案：D
2.解析：根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.(对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87％到98％。)”可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称它们为“极度濒危”物种。D项“这使得它们被归为'极度濒危'物种。”切题，其中的This指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故选D项。
答案：C
3.解析：根据上文“Deep－sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.(深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年。)”和下文“The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.(这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57％。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代。)”可知，空处承上启下，说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。C项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低。”切题。故选C项。
答案：E
4.解析：根据下文“The deep－sea species have been caught as if they were the fast－breeding(快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.(深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样。)”可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。E项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实。”切题。故选E项。
答案：A
5.解析：根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.(数百万人以渔业为生。)”可知，空处与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人们的重要作用。A项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质。”切题。故选A项。