中考英语二轮语法知识点强化—介词及固定搭配超全解析(附练习题+答案+学习指导)

中考英语语法知识点强化—介词及固定搭配超全解析
(附练习题+答案+学习指导)
介词在句子中常用于表示时间 / 地点 / 方向 / 方式 / 原因 / 伴随 / 对象 / 比较等关系。介词短语（介词 + 名词/代词）常作为状语、定语或宾语出现。掌握高频介词用法和固定搭配对写作、完形与改错题尤其重要。
一、介词的基本分类与常见用法（要点速记）
1. 表示时间的介词
at + 具体时刻：at 7 o’clock, at noon, at midnight
on + 日期 / 星期 / 特定一天：on Monday, on July 1st, on my birthday
in + 月 / 年 / 季节 / 早晚较长时间段：in July, in 2020, in summer, in the morning
since / for：自从 / 持续多长时间
since 2010（从2010起） / for three years（持续三年）
by / until / till：截止时间 / 直到…为止
by next week（在下周之前） / until Friday（直到周五）
2. 表示地点的介词
at + 点 / 场所（强调具体点）: at the door, at school (强调在学校场所)
in + 场所内部 / 城市 / 国家: in the room, in Beijing, in China
on + 表面 / 街道 / 媒体: on the table, on the wall, on Main Street, on TV
near / next to / beside / opposite / between / among：表示位置关系
next to / beside（紧邻） / opposite（对面） / between A and B（在…之间） / among（三者以上之间）
3. 表示方向 / 运动的介词
to：朝向（目标） → go to school
into / out of：进入 / 出来 → go into the room / come out of the box
onto / off：上到… / 从…上下来 → jump onto the bed / get off the bus
from / away from / towards：从… / 远离 / 朝向
4. 表示方式 / 工具 / 伴随的介词
by + 交通工具（不加冠词）：by bus, by plane
with + 工具 / 一起：cut with a knife / go with friends
on foot（徒步），by hand（手工）
5. 表示原因 / 目的 / 结果的介词/短语
because of / due to / owing to：由于（原因）
for / in order to / so as to：为了（目的）
study hard for the exam（为考试） / in order to pass（为了通过）
二、常见固定搭配（高频记忆点）
下面是中考高频且易考的介词搭配，建议背诵并联系例句记忆（括号内为中文）：
A. 动词 + 介词（动词短语 / 介词搭配）
look at sth（看）
look for sb/sth（寻找）
look after sb/sth（照顾）
listen to sb/sth（听）
depend on sb/sth（依靠 / 取决于）
belong to sb（属于）
agree with sb（同意某人）
apply for (a job / a visa)（申请）
consist of（由…组成）
suffer from（患…；遭受）
take part in / participate in（参加）
B. 形容词 / 名词 + 介词
interested in（对…感兴趣）
good at（擅长）
afraid of（害怕）
full of（充满）
tired of（厌倦）
famous for（因…出名）
be proud of（为…自豪）
a lack of（缺乏）
in need of（需要）
C. 介词短语（常用作状语）
in time（及时） vs on time（准时）
at first（起初） / at last（终于）
in the end（最终）
by chance（偶然） / on purpose（故意）
for example / for instance（例如）
in general（总体上，一般而言）
as a result（结果）
due to（由于）
三、常见易错点与记忆技巧
in / on / at 的记忆
地点：in（大范围：city, country, room），on（表面：wall, table, street），at（点：school, door, station）
时间：in（months, years, seasons），on（days, dates），at（clock times, noon, midnight）
by / with 区别
by + 交通工具或被动句的施事（by car / by plane / by sb）
with + 工具（cut with a knife），也可表示“和…一起”（go with）
to / for 区别
to 表方向或目的地（go to school），for 表目的、用途或受益对象（buy sth for you; for me, it’s difficult）
固定搭配不要直译
learn from 表示从…学到（区别于 learn about 是“学习关于…”）
interested in vs interested to do（正确是 interested in doing）
介词后的动词一般要用名词/动名词
correct: He is good at playing basketball.（介词后用动名词）
四、实战句型与例句（便于考场速用）
I will meet you at 7 o’clock on Sunday in the park.
She was nervous about the exam, so she studied for hours.
This book consists of ten chapters.
He is proud of his son.
The museum is opposite the bank.
The boy jumped into the river to save the dog.
Due to heavy rain, the match was cancelled.
In case of fire, use the stairs.（以防万一）
五、练习题（建议按顺序作答，最后看答案解析）
一、选择题（每题选出最佳介词或搭配）
He is good ___ math.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
We will meet ___ the corner ___ the bookstore.
A. at; of B. in; at C. at; of D. at; by
She was absent ___ school ___ illness.
A. from; because B. at; because of C. from; because of D. at; due to
They arrived ___ the airport ___ time.
A. to; in B. at; on C. at; in D. in; on
He is interested ___ learning English.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
This article consists ___ three parts.
A. of B. from C. by D. with
I will finish it ___ Friday ___ noon.
A. on; at B. by; at C. until; in D. in; on
She complained ___ the noise.
A. to B. of C. about D. at
The pen belongs ___ me.
A. to B. with C. for D. on
He succeeded ___ passing the exam ___ hard work.
A. in; by B. at; with C. in; with D. on; by
二、填空题（用适当介词填空）
Please be careful ___ the wet floor.
I learned a lot ___ the book you lent me.
She is afraid ___ spiders.
He apologized ___ being late.
We sat ___ the table and talked ___ an hour.
三、改错题（下面句子有介词使用错误，找出并改正）
He is good in playing the piano.
The cat jumped on the box and fell of it.
I will meet you in Monday.
She is married with a doctor.
They are interested about history.
六、答案与解析
一、选择题答案（1–10）
1.A — good at sth.（擅长……）
2.D — meet at the corner by the bookstore（常说 meet at the corner / by the bookstore）
3.C — absent from school because of illness（from school; because of）
4.B — arrive at the airport; arrive in a city；arrive at time点用 in 正确是 at time 标准：arrive at the airport; arrive on time 表示准时。题目问“arrived ___ the airport ___ time.” 应填 at; on — 但选项内 C is at; in — 错误出题，改为：正确应选 (at; on)。
说明：教师出题时注意——标准答案应为： at; on（若选项有误，请以讲解为准）。
5.B — interested in doing sth.
6.A — consist of 三个部分由…组成
7.B — finish it by Friday at noon（by 截止，at 时间点
8.C — complain about sth（抱怨）
9.A — belong to sb（属于）
10.A — succeed in doing sth；by hard work（通过…方式）
二、填空题答案（11–15）
11.careful of / careful with 正确搭配：be careful of the wet floor（对…小心）或 be careful with the wet floor（使用工具时用with）。习惯用法：be careful of the wet floor.
12.learned a lot from the book you lent me.（从…学到）
13.afraid of spiders.（害怕）
14.apologized for being late.（为…道歉）
15.sat at the table and talked for an hour.（at the table; for an hour）
三、改错题与改正（16–20）
He is good at playing the piano.（改 in → at）
The cat jumped on the box and fell off it.（改 of → off）
I will meet you on Monday.（改 in → on）
She is married to a doctor.（改 with → to）
They are interested in history.（改 about → in）
七、复习建议与记忆方法（家长/学生速用）
把 in / on / at 的时间与地点用表格背熟：
时间：in (months/years/seasons), on (days/dates), at (clock times/noon)
地点：in (city/room), on (surface/street), at (point/location)
固定搭配要“动词 + 介词”一并记：例如 look after / look for / look at，含义完全不同，必须连起来背。
做错题时写出错因：是记忆错误、还是逻辑不清（方向 vs 地点），针对性复时读课文时刻意找出介词短语并抄写例句——“读+写+用”效率最高。