(共25张PPT)
第4讲 根据逻辑关系 化解七选五
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·节选)
高考真题
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work，” wrote Johnson， illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
E. Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
分析逻辑关系，选定正确选项
根据各个部分之间存在的逻辑关系，确定正确答案。
(1)本题考查段中过渡句。
(2)根据上文“'To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work，' wrote Johnson， illustrating one definition of 'dull'.”可知，约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作。”再结合下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”可知，花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。
(3)分析可知，此空与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体，各部分之间存在一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子之间常常有并列、递进、顺承、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至存在不只一种关系。因此，理解七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文章或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，并做出正确的判断。
Test 1
体裁：说明文 词数：258＋64
话题：成为好的交流者 建议用时：8分钟
Want to know how the people around you see the world？ You have to ask them. Here are a few tips on how to become a good communicator.
1
When a person is talking， you can listen actively rather than just being silent to give him enough room to talk. I have a friend who continually responds to my comments with encouraging words like “aha” and “yes”. I love talking to him.
Storify the responses whenever possible.
I never ask people “What do you think about that？” Instead， I ask “How did you come to believe that？” 2 People are much more informative when telling stories. And the conversation is going to be warmer and more fun.
Turn your partner into a narrator(叙述者).
3 But if you ask specific follow－up questions－was your boss screaming when she said that to you？ What was her tone of voice？－then they will revisit the moment in a more concrete way and tell a richer story.
Don’t be a topper.
If somebody tells you they are having trouble with their teenage son， don’t turn around and say “I know exactly what you mean. I’m having problems with my daughter Susan too.” You may think you’re trying to build a shared connection. 4
Respect really matters.
If we let a sense of threat enter our conversation， our motivations will be ruined quickly. 5 Everything we say afterwards will be hurtful. However， if we show respect for the speaker， the conversation will change for the better.
A. Be a loud listener.
B. Respond as quickly as possible.
C. We won’t talk to understand but to beat someone.
D. This is a common mistake that people make in conversations.
E. However， what you are really doing is drawing attention to yourself.
F. Generally， people don’t go into enough detail when telling you a story.
G. That gets them talking about the people and experiences that shaped their values.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了五个帮助人们成为好的交流者的建议。
答案：A
1.解析：空处是段落主旨句。下文提到当一个人在说话的时候，你可以积极倾听，而不是保持沉默，以给予对方足够的发言机会。作者有一个朋友，他总是用“啊哈”和“是”等鼓励的话语回应作者，因此作者喜欢和他交谈。由此可知，空处应是在描述一个沟通中的好习惯或策略，且与积极倾听、积极回应有关，故A项“做一个大声的倾听者。”符合语境。
答案：G
2.解析：本段介绍成为好的交流者的另一个建议“尽可能对反应进行描述”。空前提到作者不会直接问人们“你对那件事怎么看？”，而是会问“你是如何形成那样的观点的？”。空后提到当人们讲述故事时，他们往往会提供更多信息，并使对话变得更加温暖和有趣。由此可知，空处应涉及作者问前面的问题的意图或结果，故G项“那会让他们开始谈论塑造了他们价值观的人和经历。”符合语境。
答案：F
3.解析：本段介绍的建议是“把你的对话伙伴变成叙述者”。空后提到但是如果你问一些具体的后续问题——你的老板对你说这些话的时候大叫了吗？她说话的语气是什么？——然后他们会以一种更具体的方式重新审视这一刻，并讲述一个更丰富的故事。由此可知，空处与下文构成逻辑上的转折关系，且涉及说话者是否讲述故事细节的内容，故F项“通常，人们在告诉你一个故事时不会细谈。”符合语境。
答案：E
4.解析：空前提到如果有人告诉你他和他十几岁的儿子之间出现了问题，不要反过来说“我完全明白你的意思。我和我女儿苏珊也有问题”。你可能认为你是在试图建立一种共同的联系。由此可知，空处应与空前内容构成转折，应是对这种行为的负面评价或解释。故E项“然而，实际上你所做的是将注意力引向自己。”符合语境。
答案：C
5.解析：空前提到如果我们的对话产生威胁感，那么我们的动机会很快被破坏。空后提到我们后面说的话都会很伤人。然而，如果我们对说话者表示尊重，对话就会往好的方向发展。由此可知，空处应涉及前面做法产生的不良影响，且涉及动机，故C项“我们不是为了理解而交谈，而是为了战胜对方。”符合语境。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①storify v. 将……故事化 ②informative adj. 提供有用信息的 ③tone n. 语气，腔调 ④concrete adj. 具体的
[长难句分析]
(第五段第一句)If somebody tells you they are having trouble with their teenage son， don’t turn around and say “I know exactly what you mean.”
分析：If引导条件状语从句；they are having... son为省略that的宾语从句；“I know... mean”为省略that的宾语从句；what引导宾语从句。
译文：如果有人告诉你他们与十几岁的儿子有问题，不要反过来说：“我知道你的感受。”
Test 2
体裁：说明文 词数：279＋60
话题：传统习俗 建议用时：8分钟
Once a year in a small mountain village， the Mande people gather to hear the folk stories of their traditions. The man playing an instrument called Sosso－Bala while singing is the storyteller. He holds all the folk knowledge of the Mande people.
Most of us don’t have a musical instrument that ties us together， but we have someone in our lives who’s the keeper of our folk knowledge. Often it’s a grandmother， who keeps all our stories of wisdom ready to tell upon request. 1 What’s the best way to get a baby to sleep？ Where do I come from？ What’s my moral compass？ The stories provide an answer， and it’s useful to speak with someone who knows how things are done.
2 Researchers have documented folk knowledge in other species－whales returning to parts of the sea that they’d abandoned a generation before； monkeys that communicate hunting skills to their offspring(后代). Folk knowledge is not only culture， it’s also survival. 3
Traditionally， we share it in small units－families sharing around a dinner table. 4 Look at any social media， and you’ll see folk knowledge at work and at play. It’s exploded as we’re trained to look for information online， rather than from within. In this case， the chances are that our questions can be answered with misinformation.
But we don’t gather once a year to check our “folk stories” as the Mande people do； nor do we center our folk traditions around a musical instrument. The Internet has no reality except its own and， left unchecked， its wisdom has no rhythm(节奏). 5
G. Recently， we discovered that this very human practice isn’t limited to humans.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以曼丁哥人边弹奏乐器边唱的方式讲述民间故事为引子，主要讲述了这些民间知识的用处，强调了传统方式在保存和传递民间知识中的作用，同时表达了对现代信息传播方式可能带来的问题的担忧。
A. It’s just chaos.
B. This is why we do it.
C. Human wisdom has been passed down through generations.
D. The stories can be useful for dealing with all sorts of doubts.
E. Nowadays， folk knowledge has expanded to digital networks.
F. Now the Internet has made valuable folk wisdom at your fingertips.
答案：D
1.解析：空前讲述老人拥有所有的智慧故事并应要求讲述它们，空后举例子说明了这些故事可以回答的问题有哪些，故空处应讲这些智慧故事很有用。D项“这些故事对解决各种疑问是有用的。”符合语境，故选D项。
答案：G
2.解析：下文列举了动物界的例子——鲸回到它们上一代遗弃的部分海域；猴子将捕猎技能传授给它们的后代。G项“最近，我们发现这一做法不仅仅局限于人类。”符合语境，故选G项。
答案：B
3.解析：本段主要讲述民间知识在自然界中的普遍性，它不仅仅是人类独有的，且它不只是文化，更是一种切切实实存在于现实中的生存方式。B项“这也是为什么我们要传承民间知识。”符合语境，故选B项。
答案：E
4.解析：空前讲我们传统上在晚餐桌上与家人分享这些民间知识，而空后则是与在社交媒体上获取民间知识有关，故空处应引出网络在传播这种知识中的作用。E项“如今，民间知识已扩展到数字网络。”符合语境，故选E项。
答案：A
5.解析：空前讲互联网缺少现实，上面的民间知识未被核验且无节奏。A项“它仅是一片混乱。”承接上文，符合语境，故选A项。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①instrument n. 乐器 ②storyteller n. 讲故事的人，小说家 ③document v. 记录，记载(详情) ④upon request 应要求 ⑤center sth. around/on/round/upon sb./sth. 把……当作中心；(使)成为中心
[长难句分析]
(第二段第一句)Most of us don’t have a musical instrument that ties us together， but we have someone in our lives who’s the keeper of our folk knowledge.
分析：that引导定语从句，修饰instrument；who引导定语从句，修饰someone。
译文：大多数人没有像他们那样能将我们联系在一起的乐器，但在我们的生活中会有一个守护我们民间知识的人。(共31张PPT)
第3讲 根据词汇线索 速解七选五
类型 词汇复现法
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·节选)
高考真题
In a journal or on a piece of paper， put the heading “Personal strengths”. 37 Are you caring？ Creative？ Generous？ A good listener？ Fun to be around？ They don’t have to be world－changing， just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
A. A little self－forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is， no matter how small it might seem， write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake， remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
根据词汇复现，确定正确选项
观察相同词汇、同义词、近义词和同一范畴词的复现。
(1)本题考查的是段中过渡句。
(2)根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper， put the heading 'Personal strengths'.(在日记或纸上写上”个人优点“。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring？ Creative？Generous？ A good listener？ Fun to be around？ They don’t have to be world－changing， just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？你有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？你是一个好的倾听者？你与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。
(3)分析可知，“aspects of your personality that you’re proud of”与B项中的“all the characteristics you like about yourself”为同义词复现。故选B项。
类型 代词指代法
(2023·全国甲卷·节选)
高考真题
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here’s a riddle： What do traffic jams， long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？ There’s one answer： 36.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.
In the Digital Age， we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However， research suggests that if we practiced patience， we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits： Research shows it makes us happier， less stressed and even more optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self－control，” said Ye Li， researcher at the University of California.
F. This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
根据代词指代，确定正确选项
运用代词的指代意义和单复数选定答案。
(1)本题是针对段落过渡句设空。
(2)根据空前“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits... even more optimistic.”可知，感恩有很多好处：研究表明感恩让我们更快乐、压力更小，甚至更乐观。根据空后“'Showing thankfulness can foster self－control，' said Ye Li， researcher at the University of California.”可知，加利福尼亚大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”
(3)分析可知，E项中的It指代上文的Thankfulness。故选E项。
考生在做七选五时，应注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇，恰当地利用线索词汇(同义词的复现、反义词的复现及代词的指代)解题。做题时我们应该注意以下几点：
①词汇复现指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现或派生词复现。做题时着重阅读空前、空后的两句，锁定关键词，在选项中搜索相应关键词，正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句中的关键词，且与下一句中的关键词呼应。
②代词的使用主要是为了避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。使用代词指代法一定要注意两种情况：一是要特别关注选项中的代词，二是要特别关注空后句子中的代词。
Test 1
体裁：说明文 词数：237＋71
话题：人际沟通 建议用时：7分钟
Traditional measures of success often prioritize academic achievements and job－specific knowledge， but recent research has shown that emotional intelligence may be a better predictor of success and well－being than IQ alone. 1
Picture this： You’re a leader with high EQ. Your team looks up to you because you inspire them， drive productivity and make decisions that take everyone’s emotions into account. You find win－win solutions that keep the team united if conflicts arise. 2 In a world that values cooperation and innovation， emotional intelligence is a must－have skill.
Consider how EQ can supercharge your career. First： self－awareness. It’s like having a spotlight on your emotions， strengths and weaknesses. When you truly understand yourself， you can make better decisions and set meaningful goals. 3 It’s like having empathy radar(共情雷达). When you’re aware of others’ emotions and perspectives， you can build better relationships， collaborate effectively， and be a better team player.
4 EQ can have a huge impact on our personal lives as well. In personal relationships， it’s a key to deeper connections. By understanding others’ emotions， you build strong bonds and communicate effectively. With EQ， you engage in more self－reflection， continuous learning， and the adaptability to grow as an individual.
It’s time to shift our perspective and embrace emotional intelligence as a critical component of success. 5 Go ahead and release our full potential.
A. Emotional intelligence helps cope with stress.
B. Social awareness is another crucial aspect of EQ.
C. Emotional intelligence goes beyond the office walls.
D. By understanding others’ emotions， you can build strong bonds.
E. It is now recognized as a vital factor in personal and professional growth.
F. You create a positive work environment where ideas flow freely if changes take place.
G. By recognizing its importance， we can make wiser decisions and lead more satisfying lives.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统的成功衡量标准通常优先考虑学业成就和特定工作的知识，但最近的研究表明，情商可能比单独的智商更能预测成功和幸福感。
答案：E
1.解析：上文谈到情商可能比单独的智商更能预测成功和幸福感，空处也应是对情商的肯定，故E项“它现在被认为是个人和职业发展的重要因素。”符合语境，其中的It指的是空前的“emotional intelligence”。
答案：F
2.解析：空前描述了假设你是高情商领导者的情况，空处也应讲在这种情况下你高情商的表现力，故F项“你创造了一个积极的工作环境，在这个工作环境中，如果发生变化，想法可以自由流动。”符合语境。
答案：B
3.解析：上文谈到情商能增强你的职业生涯，首先谈到“自我意识”，故可推测空处可能会涉及第二个方面；再结合空后的“这就像有一个共情雷达。当你了解他人的情绪和观点时，你可以建立更好的关系、有效协作并且成为一个更好的团队队员”可知，另一个方面应是social awareness“社会意识”，故B项“社会意识是情商的另一个重要方面。”符合语境。
答案：C
4.解析：空处为段落主旨句。本段讲到，情商对我们的个人生活也有很大影响。在个人关系中，情商对更深入的联系很重要。通过了解他人的情绪，你可以建立牢固的联系并有效沟通。故可知，C项“情商超越了办公室的围墙。”概括了本段内容。
答案：G
5.解析：本段谈到是时候改变我们的观点，将情商作为成功的关键组成部分了，故G项“通过意识到它的重要性，我们可以做出更明智的决定并过上更令人满意的生活。”符合语境，承接上文，说明这样做会带来的积极结果。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①prioritize v. 按重要性排列；优先处理 ②perspective n. 态度，观点，思考方法 ③job－specific knowledge 特定工作的知识 ④look up to 仰慕 ⑤a must－have skill 一个必备技能 ⑥have a spotlight on 关注 ⑦be aware of 意识到 ⑧build strong bonds 建立牢固的联系 ⑨a critical component 关键组成部分 ⑩release our full potential 释放我们的全部潜力
[长难句分析]
(第二段第二句)Your team looks up to you because you inspire them， drive productivity and make decisions that take everyone’s emotions into account.
分析：because引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰decisions。
译文：你的团队尊敬你，因为你激励他们，推动生产力，并做出考虑到每个人情感的决策。
Test 2
体裁：说明文 词数：240＋60
话题：完善自我 建议用时：7分钟
If you’ve ever tried something big， then you’ve probably had to deal with doubt at a certain point. No matter how often you face it， doubt can be depressing. 1 In situations where doubt arises， consider these methods below， and you can silence doubt and put your best efforts toward your goals.
2 Doing this stimulates the reward center， tricking your mind into focusing on completing the task to experience the achievement. And imagining desired outcomes can have potential benefits including improved motivations and confidence.
Look back on past wins. Reflecting is a powerful way to tell yourself that you’re capable of doing much more. Get rid of doubt by entering the reflection mode and reminding yourself that you are capable of getting things done. 3
Meditate(冥想) regularly. 4 But by meditating regularly， you can keep your energy levels high in the face of challenges and pressure and stay above doubt. It is a powerful tool to keep your mind clear about your goals and get your desired mission accomplished.
Take action on your plans. A sure sign that self－doubt has you in its grasp is that you are beginning to buy into the excuses you make. 5 Taking action is the most effective method to silence doubt when you sense it. Don’t let the doubt hold you back： Use it to motivate yourself. Then you’ll be fueled to move toward your mission.
A. Visualize success.
B. Build a reward system.
C. It is a big challenge to strengthen your motivation.
D. Stress and anxiety allow room for weakness and doubt.
E. It can also weaken your determination to get things done.
F. This will ultimately prevent you from being able to accomplish your goals.
G. After all， the reminder that you have overcome doubt is a big confidence boost.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了当你开始自我怀疑时，可以采取的四个应对方法。
答案：E
1.解析：空前讲到了“无论你多久面对一次，怀疑都可能是令人沮丧的”，而空后则提到了遇到怀疑的时候可以参考以下的方法，因此，空处承接上文，讲到的也是怀疑的不良影响，E项“它也会削弱你做事的决心。”与上文形成了递进，且It指的是上文中提到的doubt，故E项符合语境。
答案：A
2.解析：空处为段落主旨句。根据本段内容尤其是“Doing this stimulates the reward center(做这件事刺激奖励中心)”和“And imagining desired outcomes(想象期望的结果)”可知，本段主要讲到了在头脑中设想成功的场景，A项“想象成功。”符合语境。
答案：G
3.解析：空前讲要进入深思模式，提醒自己你能够做事情，这样可以摆脱怀疑。故可推知，此处应该说明这样做可以摆脱怀疑的原因，G项“毕竟，提醒你已经克服了怀疑是一个极大的信心激励。”符合语境，且其中的“the reminder”呼应空前的“reminding yourself that”。
答案：D
4.解析：根据空后的转折“But by meditating regularly， you can keep your energy levels high in the face of challenges and pressure and stay above doubt.(但通过定期冥想，你可以在挑战和压力面前保持高水平的能量且避免怀疑。)”可知，空处讲到的应该是挑战、压力和怀疑会给人们带来负面影响，故D项“压力和焦虑给懦弱和怀疑留出了空间。”符合语境。
答案：F
5.解析：结合空前的“被自我怀疑掌控的一个肯定迹象是，你开始相信你所找的借口”可知，空处讲到的应是你开始相信你所找的借口这一做法所导致的问题，故F项“这最终会阻止你实现你的目标。”符合语境。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①stimulate v. 鼓励，刺激 ②motivation n. 动力 ③reflection n. 沉思，深思，审慎的思考 ④accomplish v. 完成 ⑤trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事 ⑥in the face of sth. 即使面对(问题、困难等) ⑦buy into 相信，接受 ⑧hold... back(使)犹豫，阻止
[长难句分析]
(最后一段第二句)A sure sign that self－doubt has you in its grasp is that you are beginning to buy into the excuses you make.
分析：第一个that引导同位语从句；第二个that引导表语从句；you make是省略that/which的定语从句，修饰excuses。
译文：自我怀疑的一个明显迹象是，你开始相信自己找的借口。(共37张PPT)
热点1 段首句——“段落主旨”“瞻前顾后”
类型 段落标题句
(2023·全国甲卷·节选) [原文出处]选自《赫芬顿邮报》2014年9月19日名为“5 Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person”的文章。
高考真题
· 39
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate， and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone， we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself， “40.This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
把握形似，确定段落标题句
观察其他小标题的形式，选项特点多为短小精悍；阅读段落内容，提炼中心词；比对选项，确定答案。
(1)本题是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式和其他小标题相同。分析文章结构可知，设空处讲的是变得耐心的第三种方法，是本段的小标题。
(2)厘清下文意思。根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate， and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone， we get impatient about the circumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。)”可知，本段主要围绕“如何在不舒服的情况下培养耐心”展开。
(3)分析可知，本段主旨与接受不舒适相关，所以“接受不舒适”符合语境。故选C项。
C项核心点
[解题线索]从写作结构入手，利用小标题与段落之间的“总－分”关系，再结合下文信息“调整心态，克服困难，就会变得耐心”，就能快速解题。
长难句分析：So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，that引导同位语从句；being comfortable是动名词短语作主语；we will tolerate为省略引导词that的定语从句，修饰先行词state
and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone， we get impatient about the
when引导时间状语从句
circumstances.
类型 段落主题句
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·节选)
高考真题
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
根据一致，确定段落主题句
研读并熟悉段落内容；找出表达主题的关键词语；对比选项中的关键词，推断出主题句，确定答案。
(1)本题是针对段落主题句设空。
(2)理解上下文意思。根据下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.”可知，它应该为你提供每个单词的精确定义，从而区分它与其他含义相似但不完全相同的单词。它通常还会显示单词是如何发音的。
[解题线索]本题可根据设空位置确定选项特征，利用段首主题句的概括特征，归纳段落大意，选定答案。E项中的“not only for spelling”和空后的“give you a precise definition”“show how the word is pronounced”相对应，是对本段内容的归纳概括。
类型 段落过渡句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
高考真题
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18！
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
了解文章框架结构；阅读文章内容，明确下一段内容启示；标出承上启下关键词，选定答案。
(1)本题是针对段落过渡句设空。
(2)理解上下文意思。根据上文中的“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.”可知，巴黎的食物非常美味，人们不需要吃太多就可以感到开心。再结合下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18！”可知，作者和丈夫都认为它们是他们二人吃过的最好的水果，但是它们花了18美金。
[解题线索]G项中的“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it”与E项中的“That”指代的是同一内容。再结合文中信息“But they cost $18！”可推断出答案。
①主旨句：段落小标题或段落主题句；②总结句：总结上文；③过渡句：承上启下，与上一段尾句关系紧密。
解此类试题时应采用以下方法：
①主题句法：总结归纳下文内容，一般有同义词或者同源词。
②中心词法：利用本段同义词或相关词语，推断主题句。
③瞻前顾后法：利用上一段尾句和设空后第一、二句确定相关信息词。设空处在段首，通常为主旨句，后面的句子是对此空的解读。
段首设空题的主要特点：
Test 1
体裁：说明文 词数：266＋72
话题：同理心 建议用时：7分钟
Have you ever struggled to understand how someone else feels？ Building up your empathy(同理心) skills helps you connect with your friends. 1
What is empathy？
Empathy is a kind of capability that lets you be in someone else’s shoes and then figure out how they are feeling. For instance， if you can see your friend is upset after losing a football match and you support them by telling them some warm and motivating words， you are showing empathy. Miranda McKearney set up an organization called EmpathyLab that builds empathy through reading. 2 “Empathy is a force for change，” she says.
3
Scientists say empathy isn’t something you are born with， but a skill you can acquire through learning. One way you can do this is by active listening. When someone is talking to you， listen closely and respond in a way that shows you understand their situations and emotions thoroughly. Reading， advocated by EmpathyLab， is also a great way to boost empathy， since stories can take you inside someone else’s mind and show you the world through their eyes and emotions.
Put empathy into action.
4 This could mean trying out something that is important to a friend or family member， like exploring their favorite place. EmpathyLab advocated ideas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home. That might be connecting with someone new in your class and having a friendly conversation， or making small changes to your behavior. All small acts of kindness to others can make a difference， which in turn will be copied by someone else. 5
B. Who needs empathy most in daily life？
C. Besides， it also spreads kindness and inspires them to do the same.
D. To find out more conduct you can do， log in EmpathyLab..
E. Only by putting empathy into action can you relate to others’ bad lives.
F. She believes even small， supportive actions can have a positive impact.
G. Miranda recommends going into the thick of people’s lives to show empathy.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是同理心、如何培养同理心以及如何将同理心付诸实践。
A. How can you have more empathy？
答案：C
1.解析：空前一句讲培养同理心可以帮助你与朋友建立良好关系。C项“此外，它还能传播善良，并激励他们也这样做。”说明培养同理心的另一个好处，承接上文，符合语境。其中的it指代上文中的“Building up your empathy(同理心) skills”，而them指代上文中的“your friends”。
答案：F
2.解析：空前讲Miranda McKearney建立了一个名为EmpathyLab的组织，通过阅读来建立同理心，空后的she指的也是Miranda McKearney，因此，空处应该还是和她相关的内容，F项“她认为，即使是小的支持性行动，也能产生积极的影响。”符合语境，且能够引出下文“同理心是变革的推动力”。
答案：A
3.解析：段落主旨句。本段第一句中的“a skill you can acquire through learning”表明同理心是可以通过后天习得的，下文又提到了聆听和阅读两种增强同理心的方法，由此可见，本段主要回答了“你如何可以拥有更多的同理心？”，故A项适合作本段的主旨句。
答案：G
4.解析：本段主要讲“将同理心付诸实践”，再结合空后的“This could mean trying out something that is important to a friend or family member”可知，空处应讲做一些对别人有意义的事情来展示同理心，G项“Miranda建议走进人们最繁忙的生活中去表现同理心。”符合本段主旨，且能引出后文。
答案：D
5.解析：上文讲“EmpathyLab advocated ideas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home.”并列举了几项可以做的具体事情以及说明这样做的好处，空处承接上文，应该会继续讲具体的做法，D项“要想弄清更多你可以做的行为，请登录EmpathyLab.。”既承接上文，又对全文做了一个总结。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①thoroughly adv. 非常，极其，彻底，完全地；仔细地，缜密 ②boost v. 使增长，推动 ③be in sb.’s shoes 设身处地
[长难句分析]
(第二段第一句)Empathy is a kind of capability that lets you be in someone else’s shoes and then figure out how they are feeling.
分析：that引导定语从句，修饰capability；how引导宾语从句。
译文：同理心是一种能力，让你能够站在别人的角度思考，并了解他们的感受。
Test 2
体裁：说明文 词数：264＋67
话题：烹饪游戏 建议用时：8分钟
The Benefits of Cooking
Games for Children
Various cooking games for children that are available online are more than just a fun pastime activity. 1 Here is some information on how encouraging children to play online cooking games may educate them and contribute to their sense of independence and freedom.
2 Free online cooking games encourage children to try new things and think outside the box by letting them experiment with ingredients， recipes， and preparation methods. Such games can help children develop a growth mindset and creativity， and allow them to have the freedom to make their own choices.
Online cooking games promote math and reading skills. The act of cooking， whether virtual or in the real world， requires a lot of counting and measuring， which promotes the development of fundamental mathematical abilities. Additionally， many free cooking games online require children to read the recipes or lists of ingredients and then follow the directions. 3
Cooking games boost confidence and independence. When children finish a task actively， they feel good about themselves and proud of what they’ve done. For example， some creative games allow children to experiment with a chef’s role. 4 When children have trust in their own skills， they are more likely to grow up with a feeling of confidence， responsibility， and independence.
Cooking games improve social skills. Playing multiplayer games allows children to interact with others， solve problems in cooperation， and so on. 5 Online games can help them develop self－esteem and practice their communication skills， so they eventually feel more confident about making friends in real life.
F. They provide a number of developmental and educational benefits as well.
G. This is especially convenient for those children lacking interpersonal skills in the real world.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络儿童烹饪游戏对儿童的发展和教育方面的四个好处。
A. Cooking games enhance creativity.
B. Cooking games stimulate children’s interest.
C. So it’s advisable to play such online games with your friends.
D. Thus children can be taught to read and improve their vocabulary.
E. Children can master their cooking skills in the world of imagination.
答案：F
1.解析：空前一句提到网络儿童烹饪游戏不仅是有趣的消遣活动，空后一句提到网络烹饪游戏可以教育孩子，促进其形成独立感和自由感。F项“它们也提供了许多发展和教育上的好处。”承上启下，符合语境，其中的They指代上文的“Various cooking games for children that are available online”。
答案：A
2.解析：空处为段落主旨句。根据下文可知，免费的网络烹饪游戏鼓励孩子们尝试新事物，并通过让他们尝试食材、食谱和准备方法来跳出常规思维。这样的游戏可以帮助孩子们培养成长的心态和创造力，并让他们有自我选择的自由。A项“烹饪游戏提高创造力。”可概括本段，且其中的creativity与本段末句中的creativity是原词复现，点明烹饪游戏对创造力的益处。
答案：D
3.解析：本段第一句“网络烹饪游戏提高数学和阅读能力”总结了本段内容；空前的“Additionally， many free cooking games online require children to... the directions.”具体描述网络烹饪游戏对孩子阅读方面的要求。D项“因此孩子们可以被教导阅读和增加他们的词汇量。”总结孩子可以在阅读方面获益，呼应本段首句中的“reading skills”。
答案：E
4.解析：空前讲“例如，一些创意游戏允许孩子们尝试厨师角色”，下文总结孩子对技能有信心的好处。E项“孩子们可以在想象的世界里掌握烹饪技能。”承接上文“尝试厨师角色”，引出下文掌握技能后对技能有信心的好处，其中的“cooking skills”与上文的“a chef’s role”和下文的“their own skills”相呼应。
答案：G
5.解析：空前讲“玩多人游戏可以让孩子与他人互动，合作解决问题等”，空后“网络游戏可以帮助他们培养自尊，锻炼他们的沟通技巧，所以他们最终会在现实生活中更自信地交朋友”也总结了网络游戏带来的社交方面的益处。G项“这对那些在现实世界中缺乏人际交往能力的孩子来说尤其方便。”符合语境。下文的them指代G项中的“those children lacking interpersonal skills in the real world”。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①available adj. 可获得的 ②ingredient n. 食材 ③recipe n. 食谱 ④mindset n. 思维倾向，观念模式 ⑤fundamental adj. 基本的，基础的
[长难句分析]
(第一段第三句)Here is some information on how encouraging children to play online cooking games may educate them and contribute to their sense of independence and freedom.
分析：how引导宾语从句；encouraging children... games是动名词短语作主语。
译文：以下是关于鼓励孩子玩网络烹饪游戏可能教育他们并促进其形成独立性和自由感的一些信息。(共31张PPT)
热点2 段中句——“逻辑关系”“过渡衔接”
类型 段中细节句
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·节选)
高考真题
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published， it’s vital to submit a perfect， professionally presented manuscript(原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
根据逻辑关系确定答案
阅读设空前后内容和选项，标记关键词，根据上下文的逻辑关系确定答案。
(1)本题是针对段中细节句设空。
(2)理解上下文意思。根据上文“If you want to be published， it’s vital to submit a perfect， professionally presented manuscript(原稿).”可知，如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。
[解题线索]此空内容是对前一句的进一步说明和解释。其中“a perfect， professionally presented manuscript”与F项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. ”呼应，起承上启下的作用。
类型 段中过渡句
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·节选)
高考真题
I keep two reference books close－by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
根据承上启下的作用确定答案
阅读设空处，“瞻前顾后”标记关键词，根据设空处承上启下的作用确定答案。
(1)本题是针对段中过渡句设空。
(2)根据空前“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.”可知，作者不相信自己的笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。结合空后“Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.”可知，当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词词典，但作者是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。
(3)分析可知，此空内容和“电子设备可能不会考虑上下文”相符合，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
[解题线索]文中信息“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. ”中的“my laptop’s spellchecker”与B项中的It对应，且下文“but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers”与B项中的“takes no account of the context”相呼应。
段中设空题的主要特点：
①细节句：对上文内容的进一步说明，或与上下文的细节相对应；②过渡句：起承上启下的作用。
解此类试题时应采用以下方法：
①细节句：阅读设空处前后内容，标出关键词；阅读各个选项，标出关键词；比较匹配关键词，确定答案；利用词语复现选定答案；利用表示逻辑关系的过渡衔接词确定答案。
②过渡句：阅读设空处前后内容，挖掘内在逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标出表示逻辑关系的过渡衔接词；利用词语复现确定答案。
Test 1
体裁：说明文 词数：213＋58
话题：体育锻炼 建议用时：7分钟
The brain is often seen as the most important organ of us humans. It controls our thoughts， emotions， memories and even our movements. However， what many people often forget is that the brain and the body are closely connected. 1
Studies have shown that regular exercise can significantly improve cognitive functions such as memory， attention and problem－solving abilities. 2 How does this happen？ Well， the answer lies in the way exercise affects the brain.
Exercise increases the production of proteins that promote the growth and survival of neurons(神经元)， thus ensuring better brain functions. Moreover， exercise has a positive impact on moods and mental well－being. It helps release some natural mood boosters that make us feel more positive and happy. 3
As for the exercise varieties， it’s not just about aerobic(有氧的) exercise like running or cycling. 4 It improves concentration and decision－making abilities by enhancing the connectivity between different regions of the brain.
5 Exercise isn’t just about keeping fit or losing weight； it’s about improving cognitive functions， boosting moods and even helping us think more creatively. So， the next time you feel lazy or unmotivated to exercise， remember that every step you take is one step closer to a healthier， happier and more intelligent you.
A. It even strengthens creativity.
B. Actually the body deeply affects the brain.
C. The brain also has great impacts on exercise.
D. An exercise lover is unlikely to suffer from depression.
E. Walking and jogging do good to mental functions too.
F. Strength training has also been shown to benefit the brain.
G. The links between the brain and the body cannot be overstated.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。大脑通常被视为人类最重要的器官。它控制着我们的思想、情绪、记忆，甚至我们的行动。然而，大脑和身体是紧密相连的。研究表明，经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能。
答案：B
1.解析：空前讲“然而，许多人经常忘记的是，大脑和身体是紧密相连的”。下文提到“经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”，揭示了身体对大脑的影响，故B项“事实上，身体深深地影响着大脑。”承上启下，符合语境。
答案：A
2.解析：空前提到“研究表明，经常锻炼可以显著提高记忆力、注意力和解决问题的能力等认知功能”，故A项“它甚至增强创造力。”与上文内容构成递进关系，均描述了经常锻炼对大脑的影响。A项中的It指代空前的“regular exercise”。
答案：D
3.解析：空前的“exercise has a positive impact... feel more positive and happy.”讲锻炼对情绪和精神健康有积极的影响，它有助于释放一些自然的情绪舒畅剂，让我们感觉更积极和快乐，故D项“一个运动爱好者不太可能患抑郁症。”承接上文，符合语境。
答案：F
4.解析：根据空前的“至于运动种类，不仅仅包括像跑步或骑自行车这样的有氧运动”，并结合常识可推知，空处内容应与无氧运动有关，故F项“力量训练也被证明对大脑有益。”承接上文。空后的It指代F项中的“Strength training”。
答案：G
5.解析：空处所在段是文章的总结段。上文具体描述了锻炼是如何积极地影响大脑的。下文讲“锻炼不仅仅是为了保持健康或减肥；它还可以提高认知功能，提升情绪，甚至帮助我们更具创造性地思考”，再次强调了锻炼对大脑的积极影响，故G项“大脑和身体之间的联系再怎么说都不为过。”符合语境。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①promote v. 促进 ②mental adj. 精神的，智力的 ③enhance v. 增强，提高，增进
[长难句分析]
(最后一段最后一句)So， the next time you feel lazy or unmotivated to exercise， remember that every step you take is one step closer to a healthier， happier and more intelligent you.
分析：the next time引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句；you take是省略that/which的定语从句，修饰step。
译文：所以，下次你感到懒惰或缺乏动力去运动时，请记住，每一步都是朝着一个更健康、更快乐、更聪明的你迈出的一步。
Test 2
体裁：说明文 词数：243＋75
话题：有效合作者 建议用时：8分钟
Collaboration(协作) happens more often than we realize. 1 . This may seem easy in theory but being an effective collaborator can sometimes be a challenge. Below are the tips on how to improve your collaboration skills.
Listening
2 . During collaboration， it can be easy to get so wrapped up in your own ideas that you’re not giving your full attention and consideration to everyone else’s. If everyone in the room falls victim to this， there wouldn’t really be any collaboration happening. Take time to really listen and process the ideas of others.
Giving and receiving honest feedback
It’s important that everyone is able to be straightforward when giving and receiving feedback. When you share your opinion and someone else disagrees with it， try not to take it personally. 3 . It’s not necessarily for your ideas to be right. On the other hand， you should also feel comfortable with giving open and honest feedback to others so long as you’re being polite.
4
This could be someone who works in a different position at your job， someone with a different background from you， or someone who’s an expert in the topic you’re seeking information about. This can help to start more dynamic conversations and introduce new ideas you may not have come up with if you were working on your own or with a group of like－minded people.
Collaboration may not always be easy. 5 .
A. Appreciating ideas from different fields
B. Seeking collaborators outside your field
C. It’s important to not let your self－importance take hold
D. Without collaboration， we may not be able to complete most of our work
E. If you do feel annoyed， remind yourself the goal is to find an ideal solution
F. It can be defined as working together with others to achieve a common goal
G. But if you apply these ideas， you may find the experience productive and positive
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。在日常工作和生活中，与他人协作的情况发生的频率比我们意识到的要高，但成为一个有效的合作者有时可能是一个挑战。文章就如何成为一个有效的合作者提供了切实可行的建议。
答案：F
1.解析：上文谈到协作发生的频率比我们意识到的要高。再结合下文的“in theory”可知，设空处应该是在理论上对协作进行解释。故F项“它可以被定义为与他人共同努力来实现共同目标”作为过渡衔接句，符合语境。
答案：C
2.解析：本段建议“倾听”。下文谈到在合作过程中，你很容易完全沉浸于自己的想法中，以至于没有全神贯注地考虑别人的想法。故C项“重要的是不要让你的自负占据上风”符合语境。
答案：E
3.解析：本段建议“给予并接受诚实的反馈意见”。上文谈到当你分享你的意见而其他人不同意时，尽量不要生气。下文谈到了你的想法不一定是正确的。故E项“如果你确实感到生气，提醒自己目标是找到理想的解决方案”承上启下，符合语境。
答案：B
4.解析：本空是段落小标题。根据其他小标题的句式可知，本空应在A项和B项中选择。根据下文的“这可能是在你的工作中担任不同职位的人，与你背景不同的人，或者是你正想了解的主题方面的专家”可知，本段应讲述寻找什么样的人来合作。故B项“寻找你所在领域以外的合作者”符合语境。
答案：G
5.解析：根据第一段最后一句以及本文的每个小标题所阐述的内容可知，本文是在建议如何成为一个有效的合作者。空前谈到协作可能并不总是那么容易。故G项“但是，如果你应用这些建议，你可能会发现这种体验是富有成效并积极的”符合语境，其中的But表转折，同时“these ideas”与本文的建议相吻合。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①collaborator n. 合作者 ②feedback n. 反馈意见 ③like－minded adj. 想法一致的 ④in theory 理论上 ⑤be/get wrapped up in... 完全沉浸于…… ⑥fall victim to sth. 受到……的损害 ⑦not necessarily 不一定
[长难句分析]
(第四段第一句)This could be someone who works in a different position at your job， someone with a different background from you， or someone who’s an expert in the topic you’re seeking information about.
分析：第一个who引导定语从句，修饰someone；第二个who引导定语从句，修饰someone； you’re...是省略that/which的定语从句，修饰topic。
译文：这可能是在你的工作中担任不同职位的人，与你背景不同的人，或者是你正想了解的主题方面的专家。(共33张PPT)
第1讲 利用语篇分析 巧解七选五
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
高考真题
Overtourism Is For Real： How Can You Help？
Travel promotes understanding， expands our minds， makes us better people， and boosts local economies and communities， but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 36 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
·Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason： they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places， it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape， culture or food deeply draws you. 37
·Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over－touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world， it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less－visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser－known sights？
· 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists， save money， experience a different side of a popular place， and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then？
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone， or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
A. Visit during off－peak times.
B. So， should we stop traveling？
C. Travel for you and no one else.
第一步：通读全文，了解文章大意
本文是说明文，主要围绕过度旅游展开讨论并提供应对的建议。
第二步：分析逻辑衔接，找出关键信息
36. 逻辑关系
【解析】前文“Travel promotes understanding， expands our minds， makes us better people， and boosts local economies and communities， but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，拓展我们的思维，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区的发展，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游。)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅游所能提供的东西将是不可接受的。)”表示不能失去旅游，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不。)”可知，空处是一个过渡句，提问能否停止旅游，所以B项“那么，我们应该停止旅游吗？”符合语境，和后文形成顺承关系。
37. 逻辑关系
【解析】前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason： they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places， it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape， culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方。)”表明不要跟风旅游，所以C项“为你而不是其他人旅游。”表明要关注自己在旅游时的感受，忠于自己的感受，不用管其他人的建议，符合语境，是对前文的总结。
40. 逻辑关系
【解析】前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处。)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近。)”表明这样做的感受，G项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区。”符合语境，和后文形成顺承关系。
第三步：寻词汇线索，找复现
38. 近义词复现
【解析】前文“That means you have tons of less－visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择。)”及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser－known sights？(为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢？)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，所以E项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方。”符合语境。
39. 段落主旨句
【解析】空处为段落中心句。后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验。)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，所以A项“在非高峰时间参观。”符合语境，是本段的中心句。
第四步：通读全文，核实正误
高考七选五选材通常为说明文，文章的层次清晰，语篇结构通常为“总－分(－总)”，偶尔也会是“总－分－分”。所以考生必须了解语篇结构，把握语篇的衔接手段及句际和段际间的逻辑关系。做题时应该注意以下几点：
1. 充分利用“总－分”结构中的“小标题”解题
段首设空时，考生应先观察其他段落是否有小标题，如果有，观察其他段落标题的句式特征，根据句式相同原则，缩小选择范围。标题通常短小精悍，多以名词词组、动词－ing形式短语或祈使句为小标题。
2. 充分利用“总－分”结构中的“首段末句”解题
在“总－分”结构的文章中，首段的末句通常起到统领下文的作用。若在首段末句设题，正确答案通常为：
①The following strategies can help you...
②Here are some tips on...
③Here’s how you can deal with it.
若不在首段末句设题，也可以根据这些总结句选出其他段落的主题句。
3. 充分利用语篇结构中的“标点符号”解题
①若空后是逗号，空处句子往往是从句或主句；
②若空前是逗号，空处句子首字母为小写(专有名词除外)；
③若空前是问号，空处句子是对上一句的解释或回答；
④若空处是问号，空处句子一般是特殊疑问句。
Test 1
体裁：说明文 词数：321＋68
话题：家庭生活 建议用时：8分钟
Consumers in the United States spent nearly $3.7 million on dish washing soap in 2018 to get their dishes clean. That sets the question： Do we really need dish washing soap to get our dishes clean？ The short answer is： No. 1
How can we get our dishes clean without using dish washing soap？ Hot water is an effective and time－tested method. A lot of what we eat is water－soluble and can simply be washed away with very hot water. 2 They need an alkali(碱) to break them down. So， if you’re out of dish soap and have a thick oily pan to wash， you’ll need to make your own soap by adding an alkali to hot water.
You can also run your dishwasher using only the rinse(漂洗) cycle. Simply remove the remains and prerinse your dishes thoroughly by hand and load as usual in the machine. Add white vinegar， a sharp－tasting liquid used in cooking， to the cleaning cup. 3 Set your dishwasher on the rinse cycle and you will get clean， shiny dishes.
If you’re a camper or a farmer， plant and wood ashes－remains of burnt plants and wood－are readily available in the remains of your campfire， which have served as dish washing soap for a long time. Gather some ashes from your campfire and put them in a pot. In a separate pot boil some water. Slowly pour hot water over the ashes， just enough to make a mixture. 4 While wood ashes may not win the good housekeeping seal of approval， they’ll clean your pan and get it ready for air drying.
5 So whether you find yourself down to the last drop of your dish washing soap at home， forget to bring it along on your camping trip or just want to try an eco－friendly and natural alternative， turn to these things to help you.
A. We can get along without it.
B. An eco－friendly cleaning solution is created.
C. Animal fats and proteins， however， are the opposite.
D. People used unusual things in the natural world around them.
E. Dish washing soap has only been around since the mid－20th century.
F. It’s good to know that there’re alternatives to make your dishes clean.
G. The acid will wipe out the harmful things and keep the dishes from having spots.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不用洗洁精也能清洗干净盘子的几个方法。
答案：A
1.解析：空处紧跟空前问题“我们真的需要洗洁精来把我们的盘子弄干净吗？”的回答“不”，说明没有洗洁精我们也能把盘子洗干净，故A项符合语境，且与空后问题“我们如何不用洗洁精就能把我们的盘子弄干净呢？”联系紧密。
答案：C
2.解析：根据空后的“They need an alkali(碱) to break them down.”可知，They指的是无法用热水洗掉的食物残留。故C项“然而，动物脂肪和蛋白质恰恰相反”符合语境，且C项与空前的“我们吃的很多东西都是水溶性的，可以简单地用非常热的水洗净”形成转折。
答案：G
3.解析：空前的“Add white vinegar...”提供了另一种洗涤方法，因此，空处应该会讲添加白醋的原因，故G项“酸可以除掉有害物质，清除盘子上的污渍”符合语境。
4. 答案：B
4.解析：空前的“Gather some ashes... just enough to make a mixture.”讲述了用草木灰作清洁剂的全部过程，故B项“一种环保的清洁方法就产生了”承接前文，符合语境。
答案：F
5.解析：空后讲了在多种情况下你可以用这些清洁替代方式来帮助你，故空处应是说知道一些清洁替代方式是很有用处的，故F项符合语境。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①water－soluble adj. 水溶性的 ②prerinse v. 预冲洗 ③sharp－tasting adj. 味道强烈的；带苦味的 ④alternative n. 可供选择的事物
[长难句分析]
(第四段第一句)If you’re a camper or a farmer， plant and wood ashes－remains of burnt plants and wood－are readily available in the remains of your campfire， which have served as dish washing soap for a long time.
分析：If引导条件状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰plant and wood ashes。
译文：如果你是露营者或农民，植物和木头的灰烬——烧毁的植物和木头的残留物——在你的篝火的残余物中随处可见，它们长期以来都被用作洗洁精。
Test 2
体裁：说明文 词数：284＋59
话题：成为有趣的人 建议用时：7分钟
How to Be More Interesting
No one is boring and no one needs to be perfect. But maybe you feel that you are boring and need to be more interesting. 1 If you’re looking to be more interesting， then you’ve come to the right place.
Loosen up and be natural. One reason why many people fail to become interesting people is that they worry too much over the small things and don’t come across as natural. Their effort backfires(产生事与愿违的结果) on them， because they are just trying too hard. 2 Live a life one day at a time.
Be positive and optimistic. Interesting people are happy people. This is one of the reasons why we find them so interesting. Whether we admit it or not， we want to know how and why happy people are so happy. 3
Build an open personality. Be available to the world and look for excitement instead of waiting for it to find you. Celebrate flexibility and a “just go with it” attitude. Oftentimes people aren’t interesting because they are reserved. 4 Of course， to some extent， this is true， but you can also take this too far. By holding back too much， you’re limiting your potential and in the process becoming less interesting. The more reserved you get， the more static(停滞的) your life is.
5 Being interesting means doing things you’ve never done before and being willing to share those experiences with other people. People who are boring and dull normally possess a very small comfort zone. So try to constantly expand your comfort zone and dare yourself to try new things. This is the quickest path to become more interesting.
F. Moreover， no one really wants to be around a negative， unhappy person.
G. Being an interesting person is something that can be learned and practiced.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一个有趣的人。
A. Expand your comfort zone.
B. Try to stay relaxed and flexible.
C. A good laugh could be the best medicine.
D. Being interesting also involves high intelligence.
E. Many people feel they need to hold back to protect themselves.
答案：G
1.解析：空前一句讲也许你感到自己很无聊并且需要变得更加有趣。空后一句提到如果你正打算变得更加有趣，那么你来对了地方。结合下文提供的具体建议可知，成为有趣的人是可以习得的。G项“成为有趣的人是可以学习和练习的。”符合语境，其中的“Being an interesting person”与前后句的“be more interesting”呼应。故选G项。
答案：B
2.解析：空前一句讲他们的努力会产生事与愿违的结果，因为他们过于努力了。空后讲顺其自然。本段的主题句是“放松且自然”。B项“尽力保持放松和灵活。”符合语境。故选B项。
答案：F
3.解析：本段主题句为“变得积极和乐观”。第二句意为“有趣的人是幸福的”，讲述了要积极和乐观的第一个原因；结合选项可知，F项“而且，没有人真正想与消极的、不快乐的人在一起。”则说明了要积极乐观的第二个原因，符合语境。故选F项。
答案：E
4.解析：本段主题句“培养一种开放的性格”与空前句“很多时候人们无趣，因为他们是内向的”引出本段内容与开放和内向有关。E项“很多人觉得他们需要控制感情来保护自己。”承接前句，其中的“need to hold back”与空后的“holding back”呼应。故选E项。
答案：A
5.解析：空处为本段主题句，根据其他段落主题句可知，此空句子结构应为祈使句，所以范围缩小到A和B两项。本段主要介绍成为有趣的人意味着做未做过的事并愿意与人分享自己的经历。那些无聊乏味的人通常只拥有很小的舒适区。你要尽力不断地扩大自己的舒适区，让自己尝试新事物。A项“扩大你的舒适区。”最能概括本段大意。故选A项。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①optimistic adj. 乐观的 ②reserved adj. 内向的，矜持的
③potential n. 潜力；可能性
④expand v. 扩大；扩展 ⑤loosen up 放松
⑥come across 留下印象；偶然遇见 ⑦hold back 抑制，控制(感情等)
[长难句分析]
(第二段第二句) One reason why many people fail to become interesting people is that they worry too much over the small things and don’t come across as natural.
分析：why引导定语从句，修饰reason；that引导表语从句。
译文：许多人之所以无法成为有趣的人，是因为他们过于担心琐事，不自然。(共37张PPT)
热点3 段尾句——“概括总结”“承上启下”
类型 主题句或总结句
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·节选)
高考真题
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes， portraits， or landscapes， paint from life as much as possible. 37
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks， and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and， if needed， redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
利用主题句或总结句确定答案
熟悉文章整体结构，仔细阅读设空处前的内容，利用主题句或总结句确定答案。
(1)本题是针对段尾总结句设空。
(2)理解上文意思。根据上文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes， portraits， or landscapes， paint from life as much as possible.”可知，经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制。
类型 段尾过渡句
(2022·浙江1月卷·节选)
高考真题
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do， but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day， and still feel happy and relaxed. 31
Pick the most important.
32. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies， but don’t want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
利用段尾过渡句确定答案
研读设空处前后内容，找出上下文的衔接词，确定答案。
(1)本题是针对段尾过渡句设空。
(2)理解上下文意思。根据上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do， but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day， and still feel happy and relaxed.”可知，“我”和你一样，每天都有24小时，但“我”做了具体的选择，让“我”充分利用每一天，而且仍然感到快乐和放松。
[解题线索]F项中“help you make the most of your time”与上文信息“to make the most of every day”相一致，“tips”引出下文的建议。
类型 段尾细节句
(2024·全国甲卷·节选)
高考真题
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone， especially in front of the TV or computer， often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready， like cookies. 38
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead， surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us， moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
利用段尾细节句确定答案
重点研读空前一两句话，锁定高频词和关键词，利用相似句式的细节句确定答案。
(1)本题是针对段尾细节句设空。
(2)根据上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready， like cookies.”可知，如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了。
(3)分析可知，空前主要讲吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食。此空应该建议读者选择健康的食物。E项中的healthy与上文中的unhealthy相对应。故选E项。
段尾设空题的主要特点：
①总结句：总结概括上文；②细节句：对上文内容的进一步说明或与上下文的细节相对应；③过渡句：起承上启下的作用。
解此类试题时应采用以下方法：
①总结句：阅读并归纳总结空前的内容，抓住主旨，利用词汇复现选出答案。常见的总结性词汇有：therefore，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等。
②细节句：重点阅读空前、空后的一两句，锁定空前高频词和表示逻辑关系的关联词，寻找选项中表示逻辑关系的关联词或与上文相同或相似的句式结构。
③过渡句：“瞻前顾后”找启示，阅读空前一句，再结合下一段开头，关注衔接词和关键词，最后注意选项答案中是否有衔接上下文的内容。
Test 1
体裁：说明文 词数：284＋59
话题：工作的选择 建议用时：7分钟
Looking for a job where you can make a difference？
If you’re the kind of person who loves helping those around you and you enjoy putting your knowledge and skills in the service of others， there are plenty of jobs that fit this description perfectly. They allow you to bring your contribution to society and make the most of your skills. 1
The best part about starting a career in education is the vast opportunities it offers. Most people associate education with teaching. 2 From teacher， professor， or school counselor to librarian， curriculum developer， or education administrator， there are many career paths you can choose from.
For those who would like to help others with a high－intensity career that puts them in the middle of the action，a job in the emergency services can be the one. By joining the police， ambulance， or fire and rescue service， you can serve your community and make the world a better place. But you’ll have to deal with a lot of pressure and stress on a regular basis. 3
Working for a charity is the very definition of helping and supporting people in need. 4 In fact， the sector comprises a variety of different roles， so career opportunities are very diverse. From working in communications， HR， or IT to choosing a job in administration， there are different ways to bring your contribution. On top of that， charity jobs may also provide a certain degree of flexibility in terms of working hours and conditions of employment.
5 Combine your passion for helping others with the right training and skills. You’ll be able to make a difference in people’s lives and positively impact the world.
A. Make a careful and proper choice.
B. Here are the options worth exploring.
C. The following cautions are the first to consider.
D. Contrary to popular belief， it isn’t all about fundraising.
E. This field provides you few opportunities to choose from.
F. The field actually has various positions and professional roles.
G. A job as a first responder is both mentally and physically demanding.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些值得探索的可以让人感到有所作为的工作。
答案：B
1.解析：本空为承上启下的过渡句。上文谈到如果你是那种喜欢帮助周围人、乐于用自己的知识和技能为他人服务的人，那么有很多工作都非常符合这种描述，它们能让你为社会作出贡献，充分利用你的技能。再结合下文对一些职业角色的介绍可知，空处应点明接下来会介绍一些值得探索的职业选择。故B项符合语境。
答案：F
2.解析：根据下文的“From teacher， professor， or school counselor to librarian， curriculum developer， or education administrator， there are many career paths you can choose from.(从教师、教授、学校辅导员到图书管理员、课程开发人员或教育管理员，有许多职业道路可供你选择。)”可知，教育领域有很多职业可以选择，故F项“这个领域实际上有各种各样的职位和专业角色”符合语境。下文的“From teacher， professor， or school counselor to librarian， curriculum developer， or education administrator”是对F项中的“various positions and professional roles”的举例说明。
答案：G
3.解析：空前的“But you’ll have to deal with a lot of pressure and stress on a regular basis.”讲到但你必须经常应付很多的压力和紧张，故G项“作为第一反应者的工作对精神和身体都要求高”符合语境，其中的“A job as a first responder”和上文中的“a job in the emergency services”对应。
答案：D
4.解析：根据上文的“Working for a charity is the very definition of helping and supporting people in need.(为慈善机构工作就是帮助并支持有需要的人。)”和下文的“In fact， the sector comprises a variety of different roles， so career opportunities are very diverse. From working in communications， HR， or IT to choosing a job in administration， there are different ways to bring your contribution.(事实上，这个行业包括各种不同的角色，因此职业机会非常多样化。从从事沟通、人力资源或信息技术工作到选择行政工作，有不同的方式来让你作出贡献。)”可知，D项“与普遍的看法相反，这并不完全是关于筹款的”符合语境。
答案：A
5.解析：本空是段首主题句。根据下文的“Combine your passion for helping others with the right training and skills.(将你帮助他人的热情与正确的培训和技能结合起来。)”可知，本空是作者提出的进行职业选择的建议，故A项“做一个谨慎且恰当的选择”符合语境。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①perfectly adv. 完美地 ②definition n. 定义 ③make a difference 有作用 ④make the most of 充分利用 ⑤on a regular basis 定期，经常 ⑥on top of 除……之外 ⑦in terms of 就……而言，在……方面
[长难句分析]
(第二段第一句)If you’re the kind of person who loves helping those around you and you enjoy putting your knowledge and skills in the service of others， there are plenty of jobs that fit this description perfectly.
分析：If引导条件状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰person；that引导定语从句，修饰jobs。
译文：如果你是那种喜欢帮助身边人、乐于用自己的知识和技能为他人服务的人，那么有很多工作都非常符合这种描述。
Test 2
体裁：说明文 词数：205＋85
话题：社交意识 建议用时：8分钟
Go on a 15－minute Tour
Didn’t someone say that life is about the journey， not the destination？ 1 When you are focused only on getting to the next meeting， starting your next class period， or hurrying to send an email， you’re missing all of the people between Points A and B.
To commit some time to the journey， take some time to walk around where you work and notice your surroundings. 2 Also， some of the smaller yet critical social clues that exist right under your nose will be concentrated on again.
3 Things to look for include the look and feel of people’s workspaces， the timing of when different people move around the office， and which people seek interaction versus those who stay at their desks all day.
After your first observation tour， select a different day to tour your workspace for moods. Other people’s moods can provide you with critical clues about how things are going. 4 Focus on what you see， hear， and pick up on in other people.
Schedule 15 minutes to tour your workplace twice a week for a month and be sure to avoid making too many assumptions or conclusions－just simply observe. 5
A. You’ll be amazed at what you see along the way.
B. Spare a little time to closely monitor each person’s progress.
C. Notice what people may be feeling when you drop by to talk briefly.
D. During any workday， take just 15 minutes to observe neglected things.
E. You generally love the breathtaking landscape and people’s performances.
F. Going on a short tour will help you get in tune with other people and their emotions.
G. To become socially aware， remember to enjoy the journey and notice people along the way.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个关于社交意识的建议，即在工作时间中抽出15分钟，对自己所处的工作场所进行观察和考察，以便更好地了解周围人的情况、情绪和活动，并且享受旅程中的乐趣。文章同时也强调了观察过程中不要过于臆断或武断，而是要保持客观的态度。
答案：G
1.解析：后文“When you are focused only on getting to the next meeting， starting your next class period， or hurrying to send an email， you’re missing all of the people between Points A and B. ”强调在人生的旅途中，如果只想着参加下一个会议，开始下一节课，或者赶着发邮件，你会错过很多东西。设空处应该指出要避免这样的行为应该怎样做。G项“To become socially aware， remember to enjoy the journey and notice people along the way.(要有社会意识，记得享受旅程，注意沿途的人。)”符合语境。故选G。
答案：F
2.解析：前文“To commit some time to the journey， take some time to walk around where you work and notice your surroundings.”强调在人生旅途中要花点时间在你工作的地方走走，注意一下周围的环境。设空处应该指出这样做带来的好处。F项“Going on a short tour will help you get in tune with other people and their emotions.(短暂的旅行将帮助你与他人和他们的情绪保持一致。)”承接前文，符合语境。故选F。
答案：D
3.解析：后文“Things to look for include the look and feel of people’s workspaces， the timing of when different people move around the office， and which people seek interaction versus those who stay at their desks all day.”陈述的是拿出时间观看的具体事物。D项“During any workday， take just 15 minutes to observe neglected things.(在任何工作日，花15分钟观察被忽视的事情。)”中的“neglected things”与后文中具体观察的事物形成呼应，即花15分钟观察被忽视的事情——人们工作空间的外观和感觉，不同人在办公室走动的时间，以及哪些人寻求互动，而哪些人则整天坐在办公桌前，D项符合语境。故选D。
答案：C
4.解析：前文“Other people’s moods can provide you with critical clues about how things are going.”强调观察别人的情绪可以为你提供事情进展的关键线索。C项“Notice what people may be feeling when you drop by to talk briefly.(当你顺道拜访时，注意一下别人的感受。)”承接前文，构成因果关系，即因为观察别人的情绪可以为你提供事情进展的关键线索，所以当你顺道拜访时，注意一下别人的感受。故选C。
答案：A
5.解析：前文“Schedule 15 minutes to tour your workplace twice a week for a month and be sure to avoid making too many assumptions or conclusions－just simply observe.”强调在一个月的时间里，每周安排两次15分钟参观你的工作场所。后文应该提出这样做的结果和影响。A项“You’ll be amazed at what you see along the way.(你会惊讶于你一路上所看到的。)”承接前文，符合语境。故选A。
阅读小助手
[词汇积累]
①commit v. 承诺，保证；做出；全心全意投入；花(钱或时间) ②critical adj. 极重要的，关键的；批评的；严重的 ③interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响 ④versus prep. 对，对抗；与……相对 ⑤workspace n. 工作场所 ⑥assumption n. 假设，假定
[长难句分析]
(第三段第二句)Things to look for include the look and feel of people’s workspaces， the timing of when different people move around the office， and which people seek interaction versus those who stay at their desks all day.
分析：when引导宾语从句；which引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰those。
译文：需要注意的事项包括人们工作空间的外观和感觉，不同人在办公室走动的时间，以及哪些人寻求互动，而哪些人则整天坐在办公桌前。
