(共25张PPT)
英语音标学习之重音
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音节
音节的划分
重音
Syllable 音节
定义:音节是最小的发音单位。
分类:根据元音个数分为单音节、双音节、多音节
简单来说有几个元音就有几个音节
(1个元音)
(2个元音)
(≥3个元音)
1. 单音节 :
2. 双音节 :
3. 多音节:
/fa:st/
/sist /
/k l f l/
/d i gr fi/
/wint /
/siz n/
/f :/
/s bd ekt/
/w t/
/int net/
单音节
双音节
多音节
/wint /
/siz n/
/f :/
/s bd ekt/
/w t/
/int net/
Exercise
请将下列音标分类并连线
双(多)音节的划分
1、当两个元音之间只有一个辅音字母时,将这个辅音字母划分在后面的音节里。
2、当两个元音之间有两个辅音字母时,将两个辅音字母划分在前后两个音节里。
(元-辅元)
/m rid /
(元辅-辅元)
/krism s/
/m -rid /
/kris-m s/
口诀:一归后
口诀:二分手
Exercise
划分下列单词的音节
/f mili/
/fifti:n/
/t dei/
/sev n/
/m gnifis nt/
/stju:d nt/
/f -mi-li/
/fif-ti:n/
/t -dei/
/se-v n/
/m g-ni-fi-s nt/
/stju:-d nt/
重音及重音符号
1.定义:英语的每个词,至少有一个音节读得特别重而清楚,而其他的音节则轻而含糊。读得重而清楚的音节,叫做重读音节。读得轻而含糊的音节,叫做非重读音节或轻读音节。
2.重音符号为’,标注在重读音节前左上方。如:hospital ['h spitl]
重音规律
单音节词
单独念时一律要重读, 但在单独注音时不必加重音符号
如:cup [kΛp] wife [waif]
双音节词
1.大部分重音一般在第1个音节上
如:'daily,'matter,'clever
2.带有a-, be-, re-, to-, im- ,mis- , pre- ,pro- ,to- ,un-等前缀的双音节词, 重音常落在第2个音节上。反身代词重音落在self上
如: a'round,be'gin,for'get,mis'take,pro'vide,to'day, my'self
多音节词
有三个或三个以上音节的词,重音大多第一或第二个音节上
如:de'licious,im'portant,'elephant, 'difficult
'four
'what
'winter
'season
'subject
gui'tar
'family
your'self
pho'tography
maga'zine
tra'ditional
Exercise
four
what
winter
season
subject
guitar
family
yourself
photography
magazine
traditional
/f :/
/'w t/
/ 'wint /
/ 'siz n/
/ 's bd ekt/
/ ɡ 'tɑ /
/ 'f mili/
/j self/
/f 't gr fi/
/ m ɡ 'zi n/
/tr 'd nl/
标记重音位置
英语音标学习之音调和意群
Content
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音调
升降调
句子意群
tones音调
【定义】
英语语调是指说话的腔调,就是一句话里的声调有高低抑扬顿挫的变化,有一定的旋律。
【分类】
英语语调主要有降调、升调和平调三大类。
不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。
Rising Tone升调
1. 用于一般疑问句(Yes/No question)
Are there any lions ↗
Is the zoo far away from our school? ↗
注意:一般疑问句有时也可用降调,表示一种不耐烦的口气或表示命令等。
Are you satisfied ↘
Will you take off your hat, please ↘
升调表示说话人的态度不确定、意思不完成。
升调
2. 用于罗列中的最后一项之前的各项
For each incomplete sentence, there are four choices marked A↗, B↗, C↗, and D. ↘
We study Chinese ↗, History ↗, Geography ↗, and English. ↘
3. 用于陈述句,表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等
You really want to do it ↗
Exercise
练习下列句子
Can I ask you some questions
Do you remember what we learnt yesterday
Do you know the comparative form of the word “far”
Can you repeat that
Is this correct
falling tone降调
1. 用于wh-questions 和回答
2.用于陈述句
S1: What should we remember to do during our
exchange visit
S2: You should be polite and respect local culture.
Arrive at the airport on time, please.
Please bring a camera with you.
降调表示说话人的态度肯定、意思完成。
falling tone降调
3.用于感叹句
What a small world! ↘
Oh! My poor Mathilde, how you’ve changed! ↘
4.用于选择疑问句中“or”之后的部分
Do you want to ride or walk ↘
Would you like coffee or tea ↘
Exercise
May: Where’s Alan
Sam: He’s gone out.
May: Where did he go
Sam: He went to see a doctor.
May: When will he come back
Sam: I don’t know.
练习下面的对话
Exercise
A.How can I get to school
B.Why are monkeys so funny
C.Are there anything wrong, Betty
D.Is it far away from our school
E.Shall we take them to the cinema
F.Can I take a message
选择升降调的句子序号填入方框内
Falling tone:
Rising tone:
A
B
E
C
D
F
Summary
Falling tone:
陈述句
特殊疑问句
感叹句
Rising tone:
一般疑问句
表惊讶/怀疑/不确定
sense group意群
【定义】句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个成分,每一个成分即称为一个意群。(简单一点就是把一个句子拆分成几个小部分,每个部分都有独立表达的意思。)
【符号】 意群可以用“l”符号表示。
【作用】在说话和朗读时,如果感到句子很长,一口气说不下来,可以在意群和意群之间有一个很短的停顿(换气)。
正确的停顿应该在意群和意群之间。同一个意群内不应停顿。
【划分规则】
意群是根据语义、语法和语调来划分的。
从语义和语法上讲,意群必须是表达某种意义的一个(组)词、一个短语、一个分句、一个主句或者从句。
sense group意群
Before 2022, I lived in Hua Du and worked as a teacher.
三个意义单位,三个语法单位
意群具体的划分规则
1.名词词组: 以名词为中心词的词组。
名词+名词: Tom and Jerry;
冠词+名词: an English book;
指示代词+名词: this pen
e.g.:Tom and Jerry | were very popular cartoon characters.
The beautiful girl | looks very pleased.
2.副词词组:以副词为中心词的词组。
副词短语:first of all; in two weeks
副词+动词:study hard
e.g. We go back home |in the afternoon.
意群的划分规则
4.动词词组: 以动词为中心的词组。固定搭配 :to take a rest
e.g. Can you |play the guitar
5.介词词组:以介词为中心词的词组。介词 + 介词宾语 :for his parents
e.g. You are a freshman(新生) | in high school.
6.简短的句子(主谓,主谓宾是一个意群,不做划分)或从句: 从句由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which等引导词引导,有主语和谓语。
e.g. I saw | the cat | that was lost in the dark.
she is waiting|, but her friend doesn’t come.
Exercise
1.After school, my classmates and I go to play basketball.
2.He will stay here for two days.
3.This is a factory that makes cloth.
4. When he arrived he was very tired.
5.He can’t come because he is ill.
6. We worked fast so that we finish our plan.
7.In the morning, the boy goes to school early. Sometimes, he was late because his mother was in poor health.
划分下列句子的意群