Unit 6 Earth first
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
【课前自主探究】
Task One Fast Reading
1.frightened of 2.Finning
3.an unexpected effect upon
4.extinction
Task Two Careful Reading
1—4 ABCA
Task Three Micro-writing
1.attracting 2.quickly 3.to 4.which 5.wrote
6.when 7.being killed 8.a 9.admitted 10.extinction
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(2)scary (3)scared (4)scaring the birds away/off (5)was scared to turn over/of turning over (6)It scared me to think
2.(3)①归功于 ②应给予 ③预计的,预期的 (4)is due to be held (5)due to my tight schedule
3.(1)①使……与外界隔绝 ②打断 ③中断(供给)
(2)①cut down ②cut off ③cut in ④cut out ⑤cut; up
4.(2)set a target/goal (3)is targeted at
5.(2)Fortunately (3)to know (4)try his fortune (5)how grateful and fortunate
句型透视
(1) nervous and pale (2)full of fear (3)Satisfied with the planUnit 6 Earth first
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.1.shark 2.attack 3.admitted 4.target
Ⅱ.1.diving 2.extinction 3.scared 4.Fortunately
5.to/towards 6.being hurt
Ⅲ.1.from that day on 2.scared/frightened/afraid of
3.cut off 4.the other way round 5.due to 6.by mistake
7.in fear
Ⅳ.1.was shooting at; when
2.Frightened of walking home alone in the dark
3.saw the missing boy playing
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着森林被新的建筑所取代,野生动物栖息地正变得越来越分散,最终,这可能会给有特定栖息地需求的动物带来麻烦,比如俄亥俄州的红冠啄木鸟。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“They peck out holes in trees for their nests every year,creating lots of valuable homes for animals like fox squirrels and owls. ‘They make new nests every year. They won’t reuse old ones,’ Hu said. ‘Other animals depend on them.’”可知,红冠啄木鸟每年都在树上啄洞筑巢,但它们不会重复使用旧的,这些树洞可以被其他动物利用,所以可推出D项“One’s trash is another’s treasure.”(一个人的垃圾是另一个人的财富。)符合题意。故选D项。
2.B 段落大意题。根据第三段“Pileated woodpeckers are private birds that are more often heard than seen.”和“She overlaid these sightings with remote sensing data and found that corridors along rivers and creeks with abundant mature trees and deadwood helped the birds adjust to their increasingly fragmented urban landscape.”可知,本段主要讲述了胡的研究过程。故选B项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Wildlife is unable to find habitats big enough to meet their survival needs. And even if there are suitable habitats, the distance between them can be too great. Wildlife corridors link up these habitat patches. Since wildlife can travel and migrate from one patch to another, the probability of finding food and shelter is higher.”可知,野生动物走廊帮助动物在分散的环境中生存。故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘There are so many species in urban areas that we don’t pay attention to, especially when they’re not considered vulnerable,’ Hu said. ‘With development chipping away at more forests in this crowded county, the tipping point(临界点) could come quickly and unexpectedly. You can’t fix it overnight. It’s not just about planting more trees. The birds need mature forests, so it could take 30 to 50 years to replace their habitat. At least we can protect these riverside forest corridors and see that existing trees reach maturity.’”可知,此处胡暗示,我们不能等问题出现了才去采取行动,那样就太晚了,我们需要未雨绸缪。故选C项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了人类的活动产生了大量的噪声,导致海洋生物陷入危险,而关于这个问题的许多解决方案已经存在,我们应该执行它们。
1.E 根据前文“When the baby clownfish grow big enough to swim, they hurry home. They can’t see the reef, however.”可知,小丑鱼长大后会回到珊瑚礁,但是它们看不到珊瑚礁,所以空处应说明它们如何找到珊瑚礁,E项 (相反,它们依靠珊瑚礁发出的微小声音。)符合文意。故选E项。
2.D 根据前文“But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place.”和下文“In the case of baby clownfish, they make them unable to find their way home.”可知,本段讲述了人类活动产生的噪声让海洋变成了嘈杂之地,小丑鱼都不能听到珊瑚礁发出的微小声音以找到回家的路了,所以D项 (这些噪声通常比自然声音大。)符合文意,承上启下。故选D项。
3.A 根据后文“There are still many other sea animals depending on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate.”可知,本段主要讲述了还有其他海洋生物遭受噪声的影响,所以A项 (小丑鱼并不是唯一的受害者。)符合文意,承接上文“In the case of baby clownfish, they make them unable to find their way home.”。故选A项。
4.F 根据前文“Many sea animals swim away from the noises.”以及后文“But slow-moving animals like sea cucumbers(海参) are left helpless.”可知,此处是在讲述许多海洋动物会躲避噪声,并举例说明,所以F项 (例如,鲸鱼可以学会避开繁忙的航线。)符合文意,与下文海参因为行动缓慢无法躲避噪声是转折关系,but是关键词。故选F项。
5.B 根据前文“Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant. ‘We know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to stop it,’ said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England.”以及后文“Wind-powered boats have been developed. Shipping routes can also be moved away from certain areas.”可知,本段在讲防治噪声污染的方法,且这些方法已经存在,所以B项 (这个问题的许多解决方案已经存在。)符合文意。故选B项。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。野生动物保护是一个全球性问题,因为非法狩猎和栖息地的丧失持续威胁着生态系统的平衡。物种的减少引起了全世界个人和组织的关注。认识到迫切需要采取行动,人们正在努力提高意识以打击这些有害的做法。
1.a 考查冠词。此处issue为泛指,且global是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
2.Recognizing/Having recognized 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,recognize在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词,作状语;或理解为recognize在are making efforts前已经完成,用having done形式。句首单词首字母大写。故填Recognizing/Having recognized。
3.awareness 考查名词。此处用名词awareness作raise的宾语,意为“提高意识”。故填awareness。
4.them 考查代词。作动词的宾语,应用宾格them。故填them。
5.creating 考查非谓语动词。作介词by的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填creating。
6.lies 考查动词时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为单数名词,谓语用三单形式。故填lies。
7.without 考查介词。根据句意可知,此处指在不损害野生动物及其栖息地的前提下创造收入,故需要用介词without表示“不……,没有……”。故填without。
8.harmonious 考查形容词。修饰名词relationship应用形容词harmonious,故填harmonious。
9.Truly 考查副词。修饰后文句子应用副词truly,单词位于句首首字母大写。故填Truly。
10.that/which 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词issue,在从句作主语,指物,故填that/which。Unit 6 Earth first
Call for action to save wildlife!
Humans share Earth with many different kinds of wildlife. However, many of our animal and plant friends may not be around for much longer.
According to the first comprehensive report on biodiversity(生物多样性) released by the United Nations in May, 1 million of Earth’s 8 million species are threatened with extinction, including amphibians(两栖动物), marine mammals(哺乳动物) and insects.
Humans are mainly to blame for the danger. According to the report, the world’s population has doubled in the last 50 years. Humans have used more than a third of the world’s land and 75 percent of freshwater supplies to grow crops and keep livestock(牲畜). As a result, there are fewer habitats and fewer natural resources available as well as more pollution.
Because of human activities, the global rate of species extinction over the past 50 years has been already “at least hundreds of times higher than it was averagely over the past 10 million years,” the report noted.
The species extinction could have a serious influence on ecosystems. “When you lose a species, think of it like a fabric, and you’re taking and pulling one of the threads(线),” Brett Scheffers, an ecologist at the University of Florida, the US, told NBC News. “Over time, the fabric gets looser and less stable. These are the types of changes we’re observing where entire ecosystems collapse.”
The evidence is clear: the future will be bad for us if we don’t act now. There is no future for us without nature. So, everybody, act!
【主题词句背诵】
1.call for 需要,要求
2.the first comprehensive report
第一份全面的报告
3.(be) released by 由……公布
4.be threatened with extinction遭受灭绝的威胁
5.sb be to blame for sth 某人对某事负有责任
6.freshwater supply 淡水供应
7.have a serious influence on 对……有严重影响
8.As a result, there are fewer habitats and fewer natural resources available as well as more pollution. 结果,栖息地减少,可利用的自然资源减少,污染却更多了。
9.These are the types of changes we’re observing where entire ecosystems collapse. 我们所观察的这些变化类型正是整个生态系统瓦解的原因。
10.There is no future for us without nature. So, everybody, act!
没有自然,我们就没有未来。 所以,每一个人,行动起来!
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
Task One Fast Reading
Task Two Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
( )1.Why does the writer mention the film Jaws in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the topic of the passage.
B.To recommend the film to the readers.
C.To show how dangerous sharks are.
D.To explain why people are afraid of sharks.
( )2.Which was not people’s reaction after watching the movie Jaws
A.They became more frightened of sharks.
B.They regretted watching the horrible film.
C.Some of them dared not swim in the sea.
D.Some of them spared no effort to kill sharks.
( )3.What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
A.To introduce the movie and the book.
B.To arouse people’s interest in reading.
C.To raise our awareness of protecting sharks.
D.To warn us of the danger of sharks.
( )4.What is people’s attitude to protecting sharks
A.Favourable. B.Negative.
C.Indifferent. D.Neutral.
Task Three Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. It was a great success, 1. (attract) huge audiences and winning many awards. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Therefore, some people began to fish for sharks, killing as many as possible.
After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell 2. (quick), and soon fell around the world. This was not only due 3. fear of sharks,but also finning, 4. was a really cruel act to the sharks. In 1980, Peter Benchley, the man who 5. (write) the book the film Jaws was based on, was diving 6. he came across an awful sight of finning. He saw sharks 7. (kill) and came to see people as 8. danger to sharks. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks. He 9. (admit) that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour. “Sharks don’t target humans,” he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from 10. (extinct).
1.scare v. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬
(教材P82) People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse.
人们一直都害怕鲨鱼,但是(电影)《大白鲨》使事情变得更糟了。
(1)It scares sb to do sth. 做某事使某人害怕。
scare sb/sth away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb into/out of doing sth
威胁/恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)scared adj. (=frightened)
害怕的,恐惧的
be scared of =be afraid/frightened of
害怕……
be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
be scared to death 害怕得要死
(3)scary adj. (=frightening)
吓人的,恐怖的
【活学活用】
(1)We were scared to death when the fire broke out.
火灾发生时我们吓得要死。
(2)You can see many (scare) scenes in the horrible films.
(3)Recalling what had happened, he couldn’t help feeling (scare).
(4)She moved quietly to avoid .
她悄悄地移动,以免把鸟儿吓走。
(5)Feeling uneasy, the boy the school report card.
男孩内心忐忑,害怕把成绩单翻过来。
(6) I was alone in the building.
想到我独自一人在这栋楼里,我就害怕。
2.due to 由于,因为
(教材P83) This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning.
这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼,而且因为采割鱼鳍。
due adj. 应给予,应支付,应归于; 预计的,预期的
be due to sb 应付给某人,应给予某人(to为介词)
be due to do sth 预计做某事,按期做某事
[温馨提示] 表示“因为,由于”之意的介词短语还有:
thanks to/owing to;because of/as a result of;on account of等。
【活学活用】
(1)Unfortunately, due to unforeseen situations, this year’s show has been cancelled.
遗憾的是,由于意外情况,今年的演出已被取消了。
(2)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
论文下个月就要到(上交)期了,我现在每周七天都在工作,而且常常工作到深夜。
(3)一词多义
①The restaurant’s success was largely due to its new manager.
②Thanks are due to all those who took part.
③A new version of the app is due to be released in December.
(4)To celebrate the approaching New Year, a New Year party in the school music hall on January 1st.
为庆祝新年的到来,学校预计于1月1日在音乐厅举办新年晚会。
(5)I’m sorry that I failed to spare some time to help you with your oral English for the final examinations.
很抱歉由于我期末考试的时间很紧,我没能抽出时间来帮你练习英语口语。
3.cut off 砍掉;切掉;使……与外界隔绝; 中断(电话/供给);打断(某人讲话)
(教材P83)Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. 采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动,人们捕到鲨鱼后将它们的鳍割下。
cut in 插嘴;超车抢道
cut out 裁剪;删去
cut down 砍倒;减少,削减
cut up 切碎,剁碎
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the world.
②My explanation was cut off by loud noise.
③All eyes were fixed on the game when the power was cut off.
(2)用cut相关短语的适当形式填空
①I am writing to express my concern about the plan to trees to make way for a new playground.
②The water supply has been temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.
③It is considered rude to when other people are talking.
④You’d better the unimportant details and make your essay more concise(简洁的).
⑤Please the apple into equal pieces.
4.target v. 把……作为目标 n. 靶子;目标
(教材P84) He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour. “Sharks don’t target humans,” he said.
他承认他的书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。他说:“鲨鱼并不以人类为目标。”
(1)be targeted at 面向,瞄准
(2)a target audience/group/area
目标观众/群体/范围
set/meet/achieve a target
制订/完成/达到目标
aim at a target 瞄准靶子
hit/miss the target 中/脱靶
【活学活用】
(1)The programme is targeted at improving the health of women of all ages.
该项目的目标是提高各年龄段女性的健康水平。
(2)We must before we can achieve it.
我们必须先制订一个目标,才有可能实现目标。
(3)The course foreign students who have a keen interest in Chinese ancient poems.
本课程是面向对中国古诗词有浓厚兴趣的外国学生的。
5.fortunately adv. 幸运地
(教材P84)Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them. 幸运的是,并不是每一个看了电影《大白鲨》的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。
(1)fortunate adj. 幸运的,吉利的
be fortunate to do sth 很幸运做某事
(2)unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地;遗憾地
(3)fortune n. 运气;财富;大笔的钱
make a/one’s fortune 发大财
seek/try one’s fortune 谋出路/碰运气
(4)misfortune n. 厄运
【活学活用】
(1)The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make a/my fortune.
第二天早上,我就要离开纽约,出发去西部发大财。
(2) (fortunate), everything worked out all right in the end.
(3)I am fortunate (know) a lot of friends who helped me through the process.
(4)Later,the young man decided to in this big city.
后来,这个年轻人决定在这个大城市里碰碰运气。
(5)I could find no words to express
I felt for your presence in my life.
我无法用言语表达我对你在我生活中的存在感到多么感激和庆幸。
(教材P82)Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.
有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。
形容词(短语)作状语
句型公式
【句式点拨】
句中afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容词短语作状语,在此处表示原因。形容词短语作状语说明句子主语的特点或主语处于某种状态, 也可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可位于句首或句末,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
[温馨提示] 形容词(短语)作状语常表示主语的状态或结果, 副词作状语常修饰动词或整个句子。如:
She stood in the complete darkness, unable to see anything.
她站在一片漆黑中,什么也看不见。
She waited anxiously for the news.
她不安地等待消息。
Happily for him, his stepmother was kind to him.
对他来说幸运的是, 他的继母对他很好。
【活学活用】
(1)She hurried up the steps, .
她匆忙走上台阶,神情紧张,脸色苍白。
(2)Crusoe stared at the footprint, .
克鲁索盯着脚印看,内心充满了恐惧。
(3)同义句改写
Because the professor was satisfied with the plan, he nodded in agreement.
→ , the professor nodded in agreement.(用形容词短语作状语改写) Unit 6 Earth first
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.We could see the fin of a (鲨鱼) as it slowly circled our boat.
2.The team has a strong (进攻), but its defence is weak.
3.She (承认) that she had made a mistake.
4.When you practise shooting, you must aim at a t ; otherwise, you will not hit it.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.First of all, you need to master the basic techniques of (dive) such as breathing underwater.
2.The mountain gorilla is on the edge of (extinct).
3.Ruby was (scare)to death on hearing the strange noise.
4. (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.
5.His positive attitude life inspired many people who were stuck in illness.
6.Our parents are always trying their best to protect us from (hurt) by others.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.She had a car accident a year ago and suffered from back pain (从那天起).
2.Though (害怕) the bird’s sharp beak (喙), we stepped into the water cautiously.
3.The water supply has been (切断) because the workers are repairing the equipment.
4.Be careful to pour the chemical into water, not (相反).
5.She has been absent from work
(由于) illness.
6.I’ve paid this bill twice by credit card (错误地).
7.The volcano could erupt at any time, and the residents at the foot of the mountain escaped (恐惧地).
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.He the target the instructor told him to stop.
当教练叫他停下来时,他正在打靶。
2. , she turned to me for help.(形容词短语作状语)
她害怕在黑暗中独自走回家,于是向我求助。
3.Someone by the river. (see+宾语+宾补)
有人看见那个失踪的男孩在河边玩耍。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·福建省厦门第一中学高一月考]
Researcher Ruijia Hu said the wildlife habitat in crowded places like Southwest Ohio is becoming increasingly fragmented (分散) as forests give way to new constructions. Eventually, this could make trouble to an animal with specific habitat needs like Ohio’s pileated (红冠) woodpecker.
Pileated woodpeckers have the nickname carpenter birds for their never-ending natural woodworking. They peck out holes in trees for their nests every year, creating lots of valuable homes for animals like fox squirrels and owls. “They make new nests every year. They won’t reuse old ones,” Hu said. “Other animals depend on them.”
Pileated woodpeckers are private birds that are more often heard than seen. Studying them can be especially difficult. So Hu turned to citizen science for help. To identify where woodpeckers have been seen, she used eight years of sightings collected by birders and logged into the website eBird, a free online tool and app that anyone can use to record their observations and locations. She overlaid these sightings with remote sensing data and found that corridors along rivers and creeks with abundant mature trees and deadwood helped the birds adjust to their increasingly fragmented urban landscape.
“With fragmented forests, many habitats that were once suitable for wildlife are broken up,” Hu said. “Wildlife is unable to find habitats big enough to meet their survival needs. And even if there are suitable habitats, the distance between them can be too great. Wildlife corridors link up these habitat patches. Since wildlife can travel and migrate from one patch to another, the probability of finding food and shelter is higher.”
“There are so many species in urban areas that we don’t pay attention to, especially when they’re not considered vulnerable,” Hu said. “With development chipping away at more forests in this crowded county, the tipping point (临界点) could come quickly and unexpectedly. You can’t fix it overnight. It’s not just about planting more trees. The birds need mature forests, so it could take 30 to 50 years to replace their habitat. At least we can protect these riverside forest corridors and see that existing trees reach maturity.”
( )1.What can we infer from the second paragraph
A.The magpie’s nest is occupied by the dove.
B.Birds abandon the old for the new easily.
C.Friendship really exists among animals.
D.One’s trash is another’s treasure.
( )2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.The effect of Hu’s study on birds.
B.The process of Hu’s research.
C.The difficulty Hu had in her study.
D.The application of technology.
( )3.What role do wildlife corridors play for birds
A.Helping them survive in the fragmented landscape.
B.Making them adjust to deadwood quickly.
C.Providing them with enough food for survival.
D.Ensuring them a stable and safe habitat.
( )4.What does Hu imply in the last paragraph
A.One tree doesn’t make a forest.
B.Be wise after the event.
C.Prepare for a rainy day.
D.Take things as they come.
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Clownfish like to live in coral reefs, but they don’t spend their whole lives there. In the first few months after they are born, they “wander” in the open sea. When the baby clownfish grow big enough to swim, they hurry home. They can’t see the reef, however. 1.
But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place. 2. In the case of baby clownfish, they make them unable to find their way home.
3. There are still many other sea animals depending on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate. Dolphins call one another by unique names. Toadfish hum. Whales sing.
Many sea animals swim away from the noises. 4. But slow-moving animals like sea cucumbers (海参) are left helpless. In some places, human-made noises are everywhere. Animals have to permanently move away from these noises to quieter places. They are then forced to compete against others for the same pools of resources. Over time, their populations start to become smaller.
Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant. “We know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to stop it,” said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England. 5. Wind-powered boats have been developed. Shipping routes can also be moved away from certain areas. Researchers are calling for stricter rules. “We have noise standards for cars and trucks,” said Carlos Duarte, another biologist. “Why should we not have them for ships ”
A.Clownfish are not the only ones to suffer.
B.Many solutions to this problem already exist.
C.Some animals could swim fast to catch food.
D.These noises are often louder than the natural ones.
E.Instead, they depend on the small noises that a reef lets out.
F.Whales, for example, can learn to avoid busy shipping routes.
G.Actually, the ocean has always been home to many clownfish.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·广东省大湾区高一期末]
Wildlife protection is 1. global issue, as illegal hunting and habitat loss continue to threaten the balance of ecosystems (生态系统). The decrease in species has caused concerns among individuals and organizations all over the world. 2. (recognize) the serious need for actions, people are making efforts to raise 3. (aware) to fight against these harmful practices.
To deal with the threats faced by wildlife, building reserves and habitats plays an important role. These areas provide a safe place for various species to survive, allowing 4. (they) to live and grow without the effect of human activities. By 5. (create) these protected spaces, we can ensure the preservation of their natural habitats and protect their populations for future generations to enjoy. However, the challenge 6. (lie) in keeping the balance between conservation and economic development. Practical practices, such as responsible tourism and the promotion of environment-friendly industries, can create income 7. doing harm to the well-being of wildlife and their habitats. By carrying out these practical practices, we can develop a 8. (harmony) relationship between human activities and the natural world.
9. (true), wildlife protection is a necessary issue 10. requires efforts from governments, organizations and individuals. By raising awareness and applying stricter management, we can reduce the threats faced by endangered species. (共70张PPT)
Period One
Starting out & Understanding ideas
Call for action to save wildlife!
Humans share Earth with many different kinds of wildlife.
However, many of our animal and plant friends may not be around
for much longer.
According to the first comprehensive report on biodiversity
(生物多样性) released by the United Nations in May, 1 million of
Earth's 8 million species are threatened with extinction, including
amphibians(两栖动物), marine mammals(哺乳动物) and insects.
Humans are mainly to blame for the danger. According to the
report, the world's population has doubled in the last 50 years.
Humans have used more than a third of the world's land and 75
percent of freshwater supplies to grow crops and keep livestock
(牲畜). As a result, there are fewer habitats and fewer natural
resources available as well as more pollution.
Because of human activities, the global rate of species
extinction over the past 50 years has been already “at least
hundreds of times higher than it was averagely over the past 10
million years,” the report noted.
The species extinction could have a serious influence on
ecosystems. “When you lose a species, think of it like a fabric,
and you're taking and pulling one of the threads(线),” Brett
Scheffers, an ecologist at the University of Florida, the US, told
NBC News. “Over time, the fabric gets looser and less stable.
These are the types of changes we're observing where entire
ecosystems collapse.”
The evidence is clear: the future will be bad for us if we don't
act now. There is no future for us without nature. So, everybody,
act!
【主题词句背诵】
1.call for 需要,要求
2.the first comprehensive report
第一份全面的报告
3.(be) released by 由……公布
4.be threatened with extinction遭受灭绝的威胁
5.sb be to blame for sth 某人对某事负有责任
6.freshwater supply 淡水供应
7.have a serious influence on 对……有严重影响
8.As a result, there are fewer habitats and fewer natural resources
available as well as more pollution.
结果,栖息地减少,可利用的自然资源减少,污染却更多了。
9.These are the types of changes we're observing where entire
ecosystems collapse.
我们所观察的这些变化类型正是整个生态系统瓦解的原因。
10.There is no future for us without nature. So, everybody, act!
没有自然,我们就没有未来。 所以,每一个人,行动起来!
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task One Fast Reading
frightened of
Finning
an unexpected effect upon
extinction
Task Two Careful Reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the
text.
( ) 1.Why does the writer mention the film Jaws in Paragraph
1
A
A.To introduce the topic of the passage.
B.To recommend the film to the readers.
C.To show how dangerous sharks are.
D.To explain why people are afraid of sharks.
( ) 2.Which was not people's reaction after watching the
movie Jaws
B
A.They became more frightened of sharks.
B.They regretted watching the horrible film.
C.Some of them dared not swim in the sea.
D.Some of them spared no effort to kill sharks.
( ) 3.What is the writer's purpose of writing the passage
C
A.To introduce the movie and the book.
B.To arouse people's interest in reading.
C.To raise our awareness of protecting sharks.
D.To warn us of the danger of sharks.
( ) 4.What is people's attitude to protecting sharks
A
A.Favourable. B.Negative. C.Indifferent. D.Neutral.
Task Three Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark that
attacks and kills swimmers. It was a great success,
1._____________(attract) huge audiences and winning many awards.
Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were
bad animals that ate humans. Therefore, some people began to
fish for sharks, killing as many as possible.
attracting
After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell
2.__________(quick), and soon fell around the world. This was not
only due 3.____fear of sharks,but also finning, 4.________ was a
really cruel act to the sharks. In 1980, Peter Benchley, the man
who 5.________ (write) the book the film Jaws was based on, was
diving 6.________ he came across an awful sight of finning. He saw
sharks 7.________________(kill) and came to see people as 8.___
danger to sharks. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks.
He 9.____________(admit) that his book was wrong about sharks'
behaviour.
quickly
to
which
wrote
when
being killed
a
admitted
“Sharks don't target humans,” he said. Experts have proved that
sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake.
Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want
to protect them from 10._____________(extinct).
extinction
1.scare v. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬
(教材P82) People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws
made things worse.
人们一直都害怕鲨鱼,但是(电影)《大白鲨》使事情变得更糟了。
(1)It scares sb to do sth. 做某事使某人害怕。
scare sb/sth away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb into/out of doing sth 威胁/恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)scared adj. (=frightened) 害怕的,恐惧的
be scared of=be afraid/frightened of 害怕……
be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
be scared to death 害怕得要死
(3)scary adj. (=frightening) 吓人的,恐怖的
【活学活用】
(1)We were scared to death when the fire broke out.
火灾发生时我们吓得要死。
(2)You can see many ________ (scare) scenes in the horrible films.
(3)Recalling what had happened, he couldn't help feeling _________
(scare).
scary
scared
(4)She moved quietly to avoid _________________________________.
她悄悄地移动,以免把鸟儿吓走。
scaring the birds away/off
(5)Feeling uneasy, the boy_________________________________________
_________________the school report card.
男孩内心忐忑，害怕把成绩单翻过来。
was scared to turn over/of
(6)___________________________ I was alone in the building.
想到我独自一人在这栋楼里,我就害怕。
It scared me to think
turning over
2.due to 由于,因为
(教材P83) This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning.
这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼,而且因为采割鱼鳍。
due adj. 应给予,应支付,应归于; 预计的，预期的
be due to sb 应付给某人,应给予某人(to为介词)
be due to do sth 预计做某事,按期做某事
［温馨提示］ 表示“因为,由于”之意的介词短语还有:
thanks to/owing to;because of/as a result of;on account of等。
【活学活用】
(1)Unfortunately, due to unforeseen situations, this year's show has
been cancelled.
遗憾的是,由于意外情况,今年的演出已被取消了。
(2)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days a
week, often long into the night.
论文下个月就要到(上交)期了,我现在每周七天都在工作,而且常常工作到深夜。
(3)一词多义
①The restaurant's success was largely due to its new
manager._________
②Thanks are due to all those who took part._________
③A new version of the app is due to be released in December.
___________________
归功于
应给予
预计的，预期的
(4)To celebrate the approaching New Year, a New Year party
_______________________ in the school music hall on January 1st.
为庆祝新年的到来,学校预计于1月1日在音乐厅举办新年晚会。
is due to be held
(5)I'm sorry that I failed to spare some time to help you with your
oral English ________________________________ for the final
examinations.
很抱歉由于我期末考试的时间很紧,我没能抽出时间来帮你练习英语口语。
due to my tight schedule
3.cut off 砍掉;切掉;使……与外界隔绝; 中断(电话/供给);打断(某人讲话)
(教材P83)Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and
their fins cut off. 采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动,人们捕到鲨鱼后将它们的鳍割下。
cut in 插嘴;超车抢道
cut out 裁剪;删去
cut down 砍倒;减少,削减
cut up 切碎,剁碎
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the
world． ____________________
②My explanation was cut off by loud noise._______
③All eyes were fixed on the game when the power was cut off.
_____________
使……与外界隔绝
打断
中断(供给)
(2)用cut相关短语的适当形式填空
①I am writing to express my concern about the plan to
_____________trees to make way for a new playground.
②The water supply has been __________temporarily because the
workers are repairing one of the main pipes.
③It is considered rude to _________when other people are talking．
④You'd better __________the unimportant details and make your
essay more concise(简洁的)．
⑤Please _____ the apple_____into equal pieces．
cut down
cut off
cut in
cut out
cut
up
4.target v. 把……作为目标 n. 靶子;目标
(教材P84) He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks'
behaviour. “Sharks don't target humans,” he said.
他承认他的书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。他说:“鲨鱼并不以人类为目标。”
(1)be targeted at 面向,瞄准
(2)a target audience/group/area 目标观众/群体/范围
set/meet/achieve a target 制订/完成/达到目标
aim at a target 瞄准靶子
hit/miss the target 中/脱靶
【活学活用】
(1)The programme is targeted at improving the health of women
of all ages.
该项目的目标是提高各年龄段女性的健康水平。
(2)We must ______________________before we can achieve it.
我们必须先制订一个目标,才有可能实现目标。
set a target/goal
(3)The course __________________ foreign students who have a keen
interest in Chinese ancient poems.
本课程是面向对中国古诗词有浓厚兴趣的外国学生的。
is targeted at
5.fortunately adv. 幸运地
(教材P84)Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws
became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding
them. 幸运的是,并不是每一个看了电影《大白鲨》的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——
有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。
(1)fortunate adj. 幸运的,吉利的
be fortunate to do sth 很幸运做某事
(2)unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地;遗憾地
(3)fortune n. 运气;财富；大笔的钱
make a/one's fortune 发大财
seek/try one's fortune 谋出路/碰运气
(4)misfortune n. 厄运
【活学活用】
(1)The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the
West to make a/my fortune.
第二天早上，我就要离开纽约，出发去西部发大财。
(2)_______________ (fortunate), everything worked out all right in
the end.
(3)I am fortunate ____________ (know) a lot of friends who helped
me through the process.
Fortunately
to know
(4)Later,the young man decided to___________________in this big city.
后来,这个年轻人决定在这个大城市里碰碰运气。
try his fortune
(5)I could find no words to express _______________________________
___________ I felt for your presence in my life.
我无法用言语表达我对你在我生活中的存在感到多么感激和庆幸。
how grateful and fortunate
(教材P82)Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of
the horrible creature from the film.
有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。
句型公式
形容词(短语)作状语
【句式点拨】
句中afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容词短语作状语,
在此处表示原因。形容词短语作状语说明句子主语的特点或主语处于某种状态,
也可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可位于句首或句末,常用逗号与句子其他
成分隔开。
［温馨提示］ 形容词(短语)作状语常表示主语的状态或结果， 副词作状语常
修饰动词或整个句子。如:
She stood in the complete darkness, unable to see anything.
她站在一片漆黑中，什么也看不见。
She waited anxiously for the news.
她不安地等待消息。
Happily for him, his stepmother was kind to him.
对他来说幸运的是, 他的继母对他很好。
【活学活用】
(1)She hurried up the steps,_______________________.
她匆忙走上台阶,神情紧张,脸色苍白。
nervous and pale
(2)Crusoe stared at the footprint,______________.
克鲁索盯着脚印看,内心充满了恐惧。
full of fear
(3)同义句改写
Because the professor was satisfied with the plan, he nodded in
agreement.
→_____________________________, the professor nodded in
agreement.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Satisfied with the plan
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.We could see the fin of a ________ (鲨鱼) as it slowly circled our
boat.
shark
2.The team has a strong _________(进攻), but its defence is weak.
attack
3.She ____________(承认) that she had made a mistake.
admitted
4.When you practise shooting, you must aim at a t________;
otherwise, you will not hit it.
arget
1
2
3
4
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.First of all, you need to master the basic techniques of _________
(dive) such as breathing underwater.
diving
2.The mountain gorilla is on the edge of _____________ (extinct).
extinction
3.Ruby was_________(scare)to death on hearing the strange noise.
scared
4._______________(fortunate), my teachers and classmates were
always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.
Fortunately
1
2
3
4
5
6
5.His positive attitude______________life inspired many people who
were stuck in illness.
to/towards
6.Our parents are always trying their best to protect us from
______________(hurt) by others.
being hurt
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅲ 短语填空
1.She had a car accident a year ago and suffered from back
pain_______________________(从那天起).
from that day on
2.Though _________________________________ (害怕) the bird's sharp
beak (喙), we stepped into the water cautiously.
scared/frightened/afraid of
3.The water supply has been __________ (切断) because the workers
are repairing the equipment.
cut off
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.Be careful to pour the chemical into water, not
___________________________ (相反).
the other way round
5.She has been absent from work__________(由于) illness.
due to
6.I've paid this bill twice by credit card_______________(错误地).
by mistake
7.The volcano could erupt at any time, and the residents at the
foot of the mountain escaped __________ (恐惧地).
in fear
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.He_____________________ the target ________ the instructor told
him to stop.
当教练叫他停下来时，他正在打靶。
was shooting at
when
2.__________________________________________________________, she tur
ned to me for help.(形容词短语作状语)
她害怕在黑暗中独自走回家，于是向我求助。
Frightened of walking home alone in the dark
3.Someone ____________________________________ by the river.
(see+宾语+宾补) 有人看见那个失踪的男孩在河边玩耍。
saw the missing boy playing
1
2
3
Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·福建省厦门第一中学高一月考]
Researcher Ruijia Hu said the wildlife habitat in crowded places
like Southwest Ohio is becoming increasingly fragmented (分散) as
forests give way to new constructions. Eventually, this could make
trouble to an animal with specific habitat needs like Ohio's pileated
(红冠) woodpecker.
1
2
3
4
Pileated woodpeckers have the nickname carpenter birds for
their never-ending natural woodworking. They peck out holes in
trees for their nests every year, creating lots of valuable homes for
animals like fox squirrels and owls. “They make new nests every
year. They won't reuse old ones,” Hu said. “Other animals depend
on them.”
Pileated woodpeckers are private birds that are more often
heard than seen. Studying them can be especially difficult. So Hu
turned to citizen science for help. To identify where woodpeckers
1
2
3
4
have been seen, she used eight years of sightings collected by
birders and logged into the website eBird, a free online tool and
app that anyone can use to record their observations and locations.
She overlaid these sightings with remote sensing data and found
that corridors along rivers and creeks with abundant mature trees
and deadwood helped the birds adjust to their increasingly
fragmented urban landscape.
“With fragmented forests, many habitats that were once
suitable for wildlife are broken up,” Hu said.
1
2
3
4
“Wildlife is unable to find habitats big enough to meet their
survival needs. And even if there are suitable habitats, the distance
between them can be too great. Wildlife corridors link up these
habitat patches. Since wildlife can travel and migrate from one
patch to another, the probability of finding food and shelter is
higher.”
“There are so many species in urban areas that we don't pay
attention to, especially when they're not considered vulnerable,”
Hu said. “With development chipping away at more forests in this
1
2
3
4
crowded county, the tipping point (临界点) could come quickly and
unexpectedly. You can't fix it overnight. It's not just about planting
more trees. The birds need mature forests, so it could take 30 to
50 years to replace their habitat. At least we can protect these
riverside forest corridors and see that existing trees reach maturity.”
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着森林被新的建筑所取代，野
生动物栖息地正变得越来越分散，最终，这可能会给有特定栖息地需求的动物
带来麻烦，比如俄亥俄州的红冠啄木鸟。
( ) 1.What can we infer from the second paragraph
D
A.The magpie's nest is occupied by the dove.
B.Birds abandon the old for the new easily.
C.Friendship really exists among animals.
D.One's trash is another's treasure.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“They peck out holes in trees for
their nests every year,creating lots of valuable homes for animals
like fox squirrels and owls. ‘They make new nests every year.
They won't reuse old ones,’ Hu said. ‘Other animals depend on
them.’”可知，红冠啄木鸟每年都在树上啄洞筑巢，但它们不会重复使用旧
的，这些树洞可以被其他动物利用，所以可推出D项“One's trash is
another's treasure.”(一个人的垃圾是另一个人的财富。)符合题意。故选D项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
B
A.The effect of Hu's study on birds.
B.The process of Hu's research.
C.The difficulty Hu had in her study.
D.The application of technology.
[解析] 段落大意题。根据第三段“Pileated woodpeckers are private
birds that are more often heard than seen.”和“She overlaid these
sightings with remote sensing data and found that corridors along
rivers and creeks with abundant mature trees and deadwood
helped the birds adjust to their increasingly fragmented urban
landscape.”可知，本段主要讲述了胡的研究过程。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What role do wildlife corridors play for birds
A
A.Helping them survive in the fragmented landscape.
B.Making them adjust to deadwood quickly.
C.Providing them with enough food for survival.
D.Ensuring them a stable and safe habitat.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Wildlife is unable to find
habitats big enough to meet their survival needs. And even if
there are suitable habitats, the distance between them can be too
great. Wildlife corridors link up these habitat patches. Since wildlife
can travel and migrate from one patch to another, the probability
of finding food and shelter is higher.”可知，野生动物走廊帮助动物在
分散的环境中生存。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.What does Hu imply in the last paragraph
C
A.One tree doesn't make a forest.
B.Be wise after the event.
C.Prepare for a rainy day.
D.Take things as they come.
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘There are so many species in
urban areas that we don't pay attention to, especially when they're
not considered vulnerable,’ Hu said. ‘With development chipping
away at more forests in this crowded county, the tipping point
(临界点) could come quickly and unexpectedly. You can't fix it
overnight. It's not just about planting more trees. The birds need
mature forests, so it could take 30 to 50 years to replace their
habitat. At least we can protect these riverside forest corridors and
see that existing trees reach maturity.’”可知，此处胡暗示，我们不能
等问题出现了才去采取行动，那样就太晚了，我们需要未雨绸缪。故选C项。
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Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Clownfish like to live in coral reefs, but they don't spend their
whole lives there. In the first few months after they are born, they
“wander” in the open sea. When the baby clownfish grow big
enough to swim, they hurry home. They can't see the reef, however.
1.___
But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration
platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably
noisy place. 2.____ In the case of baby clownfish, they make them
unable to find their way home.
E
D
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3.___There are still many other sea animals depending on their
ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their
environment and to communicate. Dolphins call one another by
unique names. Toadfish hum. Whales sing.
Many sea animals swim away from the noises. 4.___ But slow-
moving animals like sea cucumbers (海参) are left helpless. In some
places, human-made noises are everywhere. Animals have to
permanently move away from these noises to quieter places. They
are then forced to compete against others for the same pools of
resources. Over time, their populations start to become smaller.
A
F
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5
Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant. “We know exactly
what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to
stop it,” said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England. 5.___ Wind-
powered boats have been developed. Shipping routes can also be
moved away from certain areas. Researchers are calling for stricter
rules. “We have noise standards for cars and trucks,” said Carlos
Duarte, another biologist. “Why should we not have them for
ships ”
B
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A.Clownfish are not the only ones to suffer.
B.Many solutions to this problem already exist.
C.Some animals could swim fast to catch food.
D.These noises are often louder than the natural ones.
E.Instead, they depend on the small noises that a reef lets out.
F.Whales, for example, can learn to avoid busy shipping routes.
G.Actually, the ocean has always been home to many clownfish.
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【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了人类的活动产生了大量的噪声,导致
海洋生物陷入危险,而关于这个问题的许多解决方案已经存在,我们应该执行它们。
1.___
E
[解析] 根据前文“When the baby clownfish grow big enough to
swim, they hurry home. They can't see the reef, however.”可知,小丑
鱼长大后会回到珊瑚礁,但是它们看不到珊瑚礁,所以空处应说明它们如何找到
珊瑚礁,E项 (相反,它们依靠珊瑚礁发出的微小声音。)符合文意。故选E项。
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2.____
D
[解析] 根据前文“But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy
exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an
unbearably noisy place.”和下文“In the case of baby clownfish, they
make them unable to find their way home.”可知,本段讲述了人类活动
产生的噪声让海洋变成了嘈杂之地,小丑鱼都不能听到珊瑚礁发出的微小声音以
找到回家的路了,所以D项 (这些噪声通常比自然声音大。)符合文意,承上启下。
故选D项。
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3.___
A
[解析] 根据后文“There are still many other sea animals depending
on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense
their environment and to communicate.”可知,本段主要讲述了还有其他
海洋生物遭受噪声的影响,所以A项 (小丑鱼并不是唯一的受害者。)符合文意,
承接上文“In the case of baby clownfish, they make them unable to
find their way home.”。故选A项。
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4.___
F
[解析] 根据前文“Many sea animals swim away from the noises.”以
及后文“But slow-moving animals like sea cucumbers(海参) are left
helpless.”可知,此处是在讲述许多海洋动物会躲避噪声,并举例说明,所以F项
(例如,鲸鱼可以学会避开繁忙的航线。)符合文意,与下文海参因为行动缓慢无法
躲避噪声是转折关系,but是关键词。故选F项。
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5.___
B
[解析] 根据前文“Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant. ‘We
know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we
know how to stop it,’ said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England.”
以及后文“Wind-powered boats have been developed. Shipping
routes can also be moved away from certain areas.”可知,本段在讲防
治噪声污染的方法,且这些方法已经存在,所以B项 (这个问题的许多解决方案已
经存在。)符合文意。故选B项。
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Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·广东省大湾区高一期末]
Wildlife protection is 1.___ global issue, as illegal hunting and
habitat loss continue to threaten the balance of ecosystems
(生态系统). The decrease in species has caused concerns among
individuals and organizations all over the world.
2._______________________________________ (recognize) the serious
need for actions, people are making efforts to raise
3.______________(aware) to fight against these harmful practices.
a
Recognizing/Having recognized
awareness
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10
To deal with the threats faced by wildlife, building reserves and
habitats plays an important role. These areas provide a safe place
for various species to survive, allowing 4.________ (they) to live and
grow without the effect of human activities. By 5.___________
(create) these protected spaces, we can ensure the preservation of
their natural habitats and protect their populations for future
generations to enjoy. However, the challenge 6.______ (lie) in
keeping the balance between conservation and economic
development. Practical practices, such as responsible tourism and
the promotion of environment-friendly industries, can create income
them
creating
lies
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7.___________ doing harm to the well-being of wildlife and their
habitats. By carrying out these practical practices, we can develop
a 8._______________ (harmony) relationship between human activities
and the natural world.
9._______ (true), wildlife protection is a necessary issue
10.______________ requires efforts from governments, organizations
and individuals. By raising awareness and applying stricter
management, we can reduce the threats faced by endangered
species.
without
harmonious
Truly
that/which
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。野生动物保护是一个全球性问题，因为非法
狩猎和栖息地的丧失持续威胁着生态系统的平衡。物种的减少引起了全世界个
人和组织的关注。认识到迫切需要采取行动，人们正在努力提高意识以打击这
些有害的做法。
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1.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。此处issue为泛指，且global是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。
故填a。
2._______________________________________
Recognizing/Having recognized
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，recognize在句中应用非谓语动
词形式，与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语；或理解
为recognize在are making efforts前已经完成，用having done形式。句首
单词首字母大写。故填Recognizing/Having recognized。
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3.______________
awareness
[解析] 考查名词。此处用名词awareness作raise的宾语，意为“提高意识”。
故填awareness。
4.________
them
[解析] 考查代词。作动词的宾语，应用宾格them。故填them。
5.___________
creating
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填creating。
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6.______
lies
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，
谓语用三单形式。故填lies。
7.___________
without
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处指在不损害野生动物及其栖息地的前
提下创造收入，故需要用介词without表示“不……，没有……”。故填
without。
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8._______________
harmonious
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰名词relationship应用形容词harmonious，故填
harmonious。
9._______
Truly
[解析] 考查副词。修饰后文句子应用副词truly，单词位于句首首字母大写。
故填Truly。
10.______________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词issue，在从句作主语，指物，故
填that/which。
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