高三 GVC专项练习 Name: _______________
解题思路及技巧
Part 1
Grammar 考点
- 有提示词：动词谓语（时态、语态、单复数）、非谓语（v-ing、v-ed、to do）、形容词副词比较级、最高级
- 无提示词：三大从句、连词、代词、介词、冠词、情态动词
Grammar 解题思路
四处定考点 / ：
·标点符号“，”“-”“：”；
·并列连词、从属连词
·非谓语
·介词短语
Grammar 解题技巧
·另附文档
//
Part 2
Vocabulary
v. / n. /adj. /adv.
·先词性 （语法）、后词意
·由易到难排除法做
//
Part 3
Cloze 解题思路
·抓主旨：快速扫读每一段段首句和最后一段收尾句
·排除法由易到难做：第一题和段落首句设空考虑后做
Cloze 解题技巧
·逻辑关系
e.g.
Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more. We can thus conclude that the ease of the exercise shown __25__ impacts candy consumption.
25. A. misleadingly B. frequently C. rarely D. significantly
·复现
e.g. 1
“We should be asking how we can get tourists to ___51___, not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behaviors with ours.”
A. go with B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
e.g. 2
The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) ___23___ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
23. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes
·搭配
e.g.
This command limited the opportunity for the students to take elective arts courses. This command created an uproar among parents and teachers in Canyon School District and — thanks to protests — was not put into _____48_____.
48. A. existence B. effect C. word D. use
时间控制：23分钟
得分目标：29
套题练习 1 曹阳二中2024届三模 得分：______________
I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits.
You’re Blushing! The Science Behind Those Rosy Cheeks
You’re 12 years old again, and your middle school crush just asked you to dance. 21.______ you can say yes, you notice your entire grade is watching. You can feel it happening, but you can’t control it: You’re blushing. Blushing is a uniquely human reaction, and 22 _______we’ve all experienced at some point. But why do people blush
Blushing is actually a bit of a scientific mystery, and one of the many weird facts about the human body. While it 23 _____________ (study) extensively, it’s not exactly clear why it happens. 24_________ other emotional responses, blushing is more varied. “Blushing doesn’t mean the same thing for every person,” says Gary Small, MD, leading expert on brain science. “If you’re embarrassed or ashamed, that’s when people tend to blush,” says Dr. Small. That’s because one of the main causes is feeling 25 _______(expose) or open to inspection.
Charles Darwin called blushing “ 26_____ (human) and distinctive of all expressions,” and it’s true that no other animal on earth blushes the way we do.27. ___________ blushing as a form of communication has actually been observed in some other animals (like parrots), it doesn’t work quite the same way. Blushing in humans is really a result of our existence as social creatures and our complicated social structures.
When we feel embarrassment or shame, it triggers the same bodily system as the fight-or-flight response. Why would we experience embarrassment the same way 28__________ we experience fear or stress Embarrassment or shame are both examples of what scientists refer to as “social pain.” Because our survival as a species is so dependent on our sense of belonging, we evolved to experience social pain as deeply as physical pain. 29________ (cast) out of the group is as dangerous to humans as physical threats, like being chased by a tiger.
Blushing is really hard to prevent. That said, because of the psychological components of blushing, mental health therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy 30 ________________ be effective at helping you better manage feelings of shame and embarrassment or social anxiety that lead to blushing, Dr. Small says.
词汇积累：
crush n. _______________
a uniquely human reaction ___________
extensively adv. _______________
tend to blush _______________
inspection n. _______________
distinctive adj. _______________
trigger v. _______________
is dependent on _______________
psychological components ___________
cognitive behavioral therapy _______
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need.
A. admire B. receptive C. base D. target E.examining F. loyal G.introducing H. peer I. instant J. engaging K. marketing
Have you ever been on social media and seen your favorite celebrity talking about a product These promotions might not be totally random, and are actually seen as a vital part of the 31 process. The question is: How do social media influencers ‘influence’ what you buy
Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, makes us 32 to being ‘socially panies often use that desire to have a similar lifestyle to a celebrity we 33 to hawk or launch a product. So, what do these promotions actually do
Firstly, they can be used to build brand awareness. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create 34 content that not only sticks to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.
Secondly, influencers can improve a company or product’s relationship with their customer 35_________ . According to InMoment’s 2018 US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand 36 for more than ten years. This is also true of 60% of millennials. A popular celebrity can 37 ______ key demographics ( 顾客族群) and talk or blog about a product, which can create a(n) 38 and lasting bond with the consumer.
Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with seemingly ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘ 39 recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be doubtful about what we are seeing.
So, if you find yourself 40 a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.
词汇积累：
totally random _________________
desire for status _________________
stick to _________________
lasting bond _________________
receptive adj. ________________
engaging adj. ________________
peer n. ________________
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single domain and automatically learns from the data to make specific decisions within that domain. It can automatically optimize ( 优 化 ) human-given goals with 41 ________ memory and superhuman accuracy.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many 42 ________. It’s worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the 43________that sometimes surround the topic.
First, let’s talk about job displacement. Because AI can 44________ humans at routine tasks, it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. 45________, four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a 46 ________to optimize. It cannot 47 ________as scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI 48________of single domain and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ as many people as AI will replace Not to worry, as the fourth type is much 49________: empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.
As well as job displacement, AI has the potential to 50 ________ inequality - both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to reap the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 51________ job displacement.
The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of 52 ________ . The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems could be severe.
Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation. Sadly we’ve already seen 53________on this front. Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.
All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to 54________to develop a new rule book for AI applications. And rather than compare against one another, countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the 55________ of all.
A. deep B. specific C. accurate D. unlimited
A. challenges B. possibilities C. decisions D. doubts
A. underestimates B. misunderstanding C. controversies D. arguments
A. outperform B. dismiss C. reject D. enroll
A. In addition B. By comparison C. In fact D. As a result
A. job B. risk C. goal D. topic
A. research B. invent C. serve D. learn
A. limitation B. displacement C. automation D. complication
A. larger B. easier C. smarter D. quicker
A. multiply B. remove C. maintain D. conceal
A. destabilize B. enhance C. preserve D. relieve
A. control B. security C. severity D. advancement
53. A. prejudices B. failures C. temptations D. manipulation
54. A. hold on B. take off C. work together D. back up
55. A. competition B. application C. rules D. good
词汇积累：
takes in massive amounts of data ____________
potential applications ____________
the rise of ____________
genuine risks ____________
strategic jobs ____________
empathetic adj. ____________
compassionate adj.____________
reap the economic rewards ____________
poses serious challenges ____________
severe adj. ____________
prejudice n. ____________
manipulation n. ____________
resist the temptation ____________
at the expense of ____________
division n. ____________
underestimate n./v. ____________
controversies n. ____________
outperform v. ____________
dismiss v. ____________
enroll v. ____________
conceal v. ____________
destabilize v. ____________
enhance v. ____________
severity n. ____________
good n. ____________
长难句分析：
Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to reap the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 51________ job displacement.
主干：
Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.
主干：
套题练习2 浦东新区2024届三模 得分：___________
II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New York City. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter ____21____ (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had ____22____ (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry had established his reputation _____23____ a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings.
O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North P. Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas, ____24____ he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife _____25_____ (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed _____26_____ he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later, ____27____ her condition worsened, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter ____28____ (emerge) from prison as O. Henry.
In 1902 O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a _____29_____ (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s writing is admired for its colorful and realistic depictions of the everyday lives of New Yorkers. His stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist”—his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award ____30____ (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines.
词汇积累：
track down ____________
daily circulation ____________
immensely popular ____________
established his reputation ____________
columnist n. ____________
infectious disease ____________
gain/win worldwide acclaim ____________
realistic depictions ____________
plot twist _____________
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
advances B. combed C.net D.heads E.automation F.modest G. comprehensive H.thinned I.prior J.underlie K.unearth
Does technology replace more jobs than it creates What is the ___31___ balance between these two things Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine ___32___, and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.
“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades, from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades ___33___,” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s ___34___. The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) ___35___ look at the text of U.S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.
The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues ___36___ through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to ___37___ related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.
From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department ___38___ , and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been ___39___ by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.
Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more ___40___, and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.
词汇积累：
advance n. ____________
comb v./n. ____________
net n./adj. ____________
modest adj. ____________
underlie v. ____________
unearth v. ____________
patent n. ____________
长难句分析：
The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) ___35___ look at the text of U.S. patents over the last century.
主干：
III. Reading Comprehension（45分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for ____41____ periods.
The rise of “city breaks” --- 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their ____42____ spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure （基础设施） as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font, an expert in tourism. “For ___43___, the city no longer belongs to them.”
In response to this situation, cities have come up with various solutions. For instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek ___44___ outside of the city center on its official website. “That takes courage, really, to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can to ___45___ congestion.”
But it also proposes a better way, which is called “de-tourism”: sustainable travel tips and ___46___ schedules for exploring a real Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of ___47___ for prospective visitors – ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center – can have the effect of removing them from already crowded landmarks, or ___48___ short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays ___49___ the pressure, says Font. ‘If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to the Eiffel Tower. If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.” Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the ___50___, “We should be asking how we can get tourists to ___51___, not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behaviors with ours.”
Font says cities could stand to be more ___52___ about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking, ‘yeah but at what cost …’” He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists – a(n) ___53___ that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. ___54___ tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local products, and spread out to less crowded parts of the city – all productive steps towards more ___55___ tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
41. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer
42. A. environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic
43. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners
44. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service
45. A. cause B. fuel C. transfer D. ease
46. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective
47. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support
48. A. convincing B. discouraging C. promoting D. enjoying
49. A. release B. enhance C. remove D. relieve
50. A. culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability
51. A. go with B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
52. A. selective B. optimistic C. curious D. doubtful
53. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison
54. A. French B. Japanese C. Spanish D. German
55. A. comfortable B. complex C. temporary D. sustainable
词汇积累：
annual leave balance ________________
resident n. ________________
congestion n. ________________
prospective visitors ________________
in off-peak season ________________
integrate v. ________________
prioritize v. ________________
productive adj. ________________
ease v. ________________
alternative adj. ________________
lay off ______________
套题练习 3 2024届专家命题 三模 得分：_____________
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Life on Venus (金星) Maybe Not
In September of 2020, a team of astrophysicists made waves across the scientific community. (21)_____ (use) advanced telescopes aimed at the atmosphere of Venus, they detected signs of a chemical known as phosphine. This was no ordinary discovery. Phosphine, according to the researchers, doesn’t just show up (22)_____ _____ nowhere. Its presence could indicate something extraordinary: living microbes (微生物) in the harsh conditions of Venus’s atmosphere.
The idea of life on Venus (23)_____ (be) nothing short of astonishing. Let’s put this into perspective: Venus is a planet on (24)_____ the average surface temperature is around 470℃. Additionally, the pressure on the surface is like being 900 meters underwater on Earth. And on top of that, Venus (25)_____ (cover) in clouds of sulfuric acid (硫酸), making it even more unwelcoming. Not exactly the first place you’d look for life, right
However, there’s a catch. High above the surface, in the upper atmosphere of Venus, conditions are somewhat more bearable. That’s (26)_____ scientists think tiny life forms might be able to live.
(27)_____ (excite) by their initial findings, the research team openly invited the scientific community to review their data. This open invitation is a hallmark of scientific inquiry. Upon closer examination, however, other scientists raised concerns that cast doubt on the presence of phosphine, suggesting that the initial findings (28)_____ have been a false alarm.
This twist in the tale hasn’t discouraged scientists. Instead, it has encouraged them (29)_____ (dive) deeper into the mysteries of Venus. The pursuit of answers continues, fueled by the knowledge that the path to discovery is rarely straightforward. Science develops on such challenges, relying on collective effort and peer review to inch closer to the truth, (30)_____ it points to extraterrestrial (外星球的) life or not.
词汇积累：
advanced telescope _________________
detect v. _________________
harsh conditions _________________
initial findings _________________
cast doubt on _________________
a false alarm _________________
rarely straightforward _________________
collective effort _______________
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conservation B. consumed C. contradictorily D. indistinguishable
E. initiative F. laboriously G. live H. planted
I. portion J. tracking K. window
Go Ahead, Steal This Egg
Sea turtles now face a crisis of survival due to human activities. One of the most pressing threats comes from the illegal poaching (偷猎) of their eggs. In certain places, these eggs are stolen to be sold on the black market. The desperate need to protect these endangered species has led to a combination of 31 efforts with technology.
In a novel approach to stopping egg poaching, scientists have engineered artificial eggs that are virtually 32 from the real ones. These eggs, created with advanced 3D printing techniques, serve a purpose far beyond deception (欺骗). Inside the fake shells, there are small GPS devices that act like advanced trackers for protecting the turtles. Called “InvestEGGators,” these eggs are made to look just like the rest, and they send 33 information about where they go after poachers take them. These fake eggs were left on the sun-kissed beaches of Costa Rica, a nesting ground for sea turtles. As the female turtles 34 dug their nests and deposited their eggs under the cover of darkness, the researchers secretly introduced an “InvestEGGator” into each nest. Over time, a total of 101 fake eggs were 35 .
Poachers, driven by profit, soon invaded these nests, unaware that among their spoils were eggs that would reveal their actions. While a(n) 36 of the fake eggs were discovered and cast aside, others journeyed far from their sandy origins, crossing borders and revealing poaching pathways. This invaluable data provided by the tracking devices offered scientists a(n) 37 into the dark world of wildlife trafficking (非法交易). It revealed not only the routes taken but also hinted at the demand, identifying hotspots where these eggs are 38 .
More than just a tracking effort, the data from these GPS-fitted eggs has the potential to transform conservation strategies. By understanding the poaching chains, conservationists can break up the groups that threaten sea turtles. Furthermore, the insights gained from this 39 can fuel community education programs, helping to cultivate a culture of respect for wildlife.
This combination of innovation and conservation opens new horizons in the mission to save the sea turtles. The “InvestEGGator” project is more than a(n) 40 tool—it signals a future where technology and environmentalism walk hand in hand to guard our planet’s precious life.
词汇积累：
contradictorily adv. ________________
indistinguishable adj. ________________
initiative n. ________________
laboriously adv. ________________
live adj. ________________
portion n. ________________
pressing threats ________________
desperate need ________________
novel approach ________________
engineered artificial eggs ________________
deposit v.________________
spoil n. ________________
transform conservation strategies __________
cultivate a culture ________________
opens new horizons ______________
长难句分析：
It revealed not only the routes taken but also hinted at the demand, identifying hotspots where these eggs are 38 .
主干：
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In an age where digital storefronts provide seemingly unlimited selections, consumer behavior still narrows towards uniformity, a phenomenon perfectly illustrated by the “long tail” concept in retail (零售) and media consumption. Originally introduced by Chris Anderson during his study of market trends, the long tail theory offers a unique 41 . It suggests that while specialty products together 42 a substantial market, mainstream hits continue to dominate consumer spending. This creates a pattern that appears 43 the diversity expected from online platforms.
Then, the “long tail” theory envisions a 44 retail environment. Here, lesser-known products become popular through the internet’s wide reach. This gives consumers more choices, 45 depending only on mainstream, mass-market products. Yet, the reality often challenges this 46 . Major online platforms like Amazon, while housing millions of products, see most of their sales concentrated in the hands of a few top sellers.
So, what makes people choose popular items despite having so many 47 Part of the answer lies in the psychology of consumers influenced by social proof and the visibility of top-selling items. Products that gain early popularity can quickly snowball, fueled by algorithms (算法) that prioritize visibility based on sales and reviews. As these items become more visible and 48 , new consumers are more likely to choose them over less visible alternatives, enhancing their status and further creating a(n) 49 distribution of sales.
50 , the dominance of mainstream products can also be due to what is known as the “Matthew effect” or the principle of cumulative advantage, where initial advantages tend to compound over time. Products and artists that become popular early, either because they’re marketed well or just lucky, keep getting more attention and support. This makes it harder for other, less known choices to be 51 and succeed.
Consumer choice is also shaped by the 52 of decision-making. In a world filled with options, many prefer the simplicity of choosing what is already popular, a trend that simplifies decision-making but 53 cultural diversity. This problem is 54 by recommendation engines that often suggest items based on the user’s past behavior and the behavior of others, rather than exploring the depths of available diversity.
In summary, while online platforms 55 expand access to a vast range of products, the actual consumption patterns indicate a strong liking towards a few dominant choices.
41. A. perspective B. opportunity C. experiment D. structure
42. A. take over B. go over C. set up D. make up
43. A. dependent on B. contradictory to C. concerned with D. inefficient at
44. A. virtual B. stable C. different D. harsh
45. A. freeing them from B. blaming them for
C. committing them to D. assisting them in
46. A. approach B. procedure C. inequality D. expectation
47. A. sellers B. platforms C. options D. accounts
48. A. recommended B. determined C. sponsored D. produced
49. A. similar B. broad C. overall D. uneven
50. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Fortunately
51. A. seen B. made C. avoided D. left
52. A. level B. ease C. form D. type
53. A. reflects B. protects C. narrows D. includes
54. A. addressed B. intensified C. understood D. ignored
55. A. minimally B. restrictively C. mysteriously D. theoretically
词汇积累：
seemingly unlimited selections ______________
narrow v. ______________
uniformity n. ______________
a substantial market ______________
hit n. ______________
dominate v. ______________
envision v. ______________
visibility n. ______________
distribution n. ______________
compound v. ______________
perspective n. ______________
make up ______________
contradictory to ______________
sponsor v./n. ______________
uneven adj. ______________
intensify v. ______________
theoretically adv. _____________
长难句分析：
This problem is 54 by recommendation engines that often suggest items based on the user’s past behavior and the behavior of others, rather than exploring the depths of available diversity.
主干：
套题练习 4 曹阳二中 2025届三模得分：_________________
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Trouble with Friends
On a daily basis, I teach kids. ___1___ “kids”, I mean teens to college- age, sometimes mid - twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don’t usually talk about their families. Sometimes I’m taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions ___2___ (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be ___3___ (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make.
An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their ___4___ (close) friends. My husband is now the person I spend the most time with. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, ___5___ stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they will tell their spouses, ___6___ I’m friendly but not friends. A friendship is truly strained when you don’t like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far removed from ___7___ you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all.
After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and ___8___ (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in- progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you’re no longer included in the problem- solving. Of course, some matters belong first to the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when ___9___ outcome is certain, we do update one another, which reminds us that we’re still friends, but with the friendship ____10____ (reduce) to a PowerPoint.
词汇积累：
on a daily basis _________________
spouse n. _________________
intimacy n. _________________
vice versa _________________
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. appealing B. bargains C. credited D. identical E. intentionally F. items G. limited H. missteps I. pioneered J. gratefully K. scored
Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica
Dupes are the products that cost less than the premium (高端的) versions but are of similar style and quality. Less expensive versions of premium products have become a(n) ____11____ alternative, particularly for younger shoppers.
That is becoming a problem for Lululemon Athletica,, the company that ____12____ high-end sportswear and made $100 leggings the norm.
“The brand logo doesn’t hold as much appeal as it used to,” said Mikayla Kitsopoulos, a 22- year- old college student. “Finding ____13____ is the new status symbol.” When Kitsopoulos was in high school, she wore Lululemon leggings, which cost about $100. Now, she buys her leggings on Amazon for about $30. She said the quality and fit is almost ____14____, so why pay more
The heightened competition comes as Lululemon has made a series of ____15____ that have turned off even some of its most devoted fans. Not long ago, it removed a new type of leggings from its stores and website after customers complained about the fit. Other mistakes have included a color palette that was too ____16____ and not having enough of some products such as smaller size leggings. The misfires have pushed people such as Natalie Assink to ____17____ seek out different brands. The20- year- old college student said she switched from Lululemon to Gymshark and AYBL not just because their leggings cost less, but also because they have more color varieties.
Buying cheaper versions of premium products isn’t new. Boasting about it is. Ellyn Briggs, Moring Consult’s brands analyst, ____18____ the growing popularity of dupes to inflation but also to the rise of social media. The No. I reason people said they bought dupes was to save money, according to Morning Consult’s survey. They also wanted to test out whether the cheaper versions were as good as the premium ____19____ and then post about them on TikTok or other platforms. “It’s more than just a transaction,” Briggs said. “They want to share the fact that they have ____20____ a success.”
词汇积累：
appealing adj. _______________
identical adj. _______________
intentionally adv. _______________
misstep n. _______________
of similar style _______________
heightened competition _______________
devoted fans _______________
misfire n. _______________
legging n. _______________
boast about _______________
analyst n. _______________
transaction n. ___________________
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People’s relationship with work is complex and complicated. ____21____ complaining about the boredom and bureaucracy, the power-crazed bosses and disobedient colleagues, individuals need the security of a job. A century of research has shown that ____22____ is bad for mental health, leading to depression, anxiety and reduced self-esteem.
On average, it has an even greater effect than divorce. But how much work do you need to do A recent paper by the Centre for Business Research at Cambridge University found that people working reduced working hours or being ____23____ do not have poorer mental health. What was particularly surprising is how little work was needed to keep people happy. The threshold for good mental health was just one day a week — after that, it seemed to make little difference to individuals’ well-being if they worked eight hours or 48 hours a week. The ____24____ from working clearly comes from the feeling of purpose, from the social status it creates and from the camaraderie of colleagues engaged in the same tasks.
A little bit of work may be ____25____, but too much is not. An enterprising junior analyst at Goldman Sachs recently surveyed his ____26____. The survey found those first-year analysts had worked an average 98 hours a week since the start of 2021, and only managed five hours of sleep a night. It found that 77% of them had been the subject of ____27____, that 75% had sought, or considered seeking counselling, and that, on average, they had suffered sharp declines in mental and physical health.
Nevertheless, the general reaction to the story was remarkably ____28____. In some people’s eyes, the young analysts should have expected to be ____29____ in such a fashion; after all, that is why they were being paid so well. The well-experienced analysts of the investment- banking industry thought “It was the same in my day. Never did me any harm.” ____30____, it is still hard to see why young analysts should expect to suffer. They joined a bank, not the Mafia.
Nor does it make much ____31____ sense to have employees working so long that they only get to sleep five hours a night. They can hardly be operating ____32____ when they are dog-tired. That junior professional staff have always worked long hours is not a good explanation for ____33____ stress on young people at the start of their careers. It smacks of the legendary navy motto: “The beatings will continue until morale improves.”
Clearly, economy cannot ____34____ if everyone works one day a week. The need to limit excessive working hours was realised back in Victorian times. For much of the 20th century the length of the average working week fell while output continued to climb.
There will be occasions when people have to work late or rise early to finish a project. Day after day, however, a long-hours lifestyle is bad for workers’ health. Some organizations may see the ____35____ for work as a sign of an employee’s willingness to put their job ahead of their families and friends. If so, they don’t need to have better employees. They need better managers.
21. A. With B. Despite C. Against D. Like
22. A. unemployment B. divorce C. complaint D. prosecution
23. A. employed B. suspended C. criticized D. motivated
24. A. secrets B. fatigue C. boost D. assignment
25. A. stressful B. helpless C. creative D. satisfying
26. A. peers B. superiors C. relatives D. advocates
27. A. workplace abuse B. racial discrimination C. cyber bullying D. peer pressure
28. A. predictable B. inevitable C. normal D. unsympathetic
29. A. accommodated B. treated C. paid D. fired
30. A. Conversely B. Therefore C. However D. Likewise
31. A. education B. medicine C. fitness D. business
32. A. at full efficiency B. at a loss C. in others’ shoes D. in low spirits
33. A. relieving B. piling C. blaming D. experimenting
34. A. contract B. collapse C. prosper D. recover
35. A. appetite B. gift C. excuse D. strategy
词汇积累：
bureaucracy n. _________________
disobedient adj. _________________
threshold n. _________________
be engaged in _________________
enterprising adj. _________________
subject n. _________________
nevertheless adv. _________________
dog-tired adj. _________________
morale n. _________________
limit excessive working hours ____________
prosecution n. _________________
suspend v. _________________
fatigue n. _________________
boost n. _________________
advocate n. _________________
workplace abuse _________________
racial discrimination _________________
inevitable adj. _________________
in low spirits _________________
collapse vi./n. _________________
appetite n. _______________
套题练习 5 华师大附中2025届三模 得分：_______________
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given ward; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Concerns Regarding Deep-Sea Tourism
The depths of the oceans, with their charming mysteries, continue to capture the human imagination. For many, deep-sea tourism provides an opportunity to have a thrilling adventure unlike any ____1____
With greater commercial access, deep-sea tourism ____2____ (move) from an upper-class activity to a more accessible venture over the past few years. Various underwater adventures are now available. Luxury operations such as “Lovers Deep,” a St Lucia submarine hotel, cost $300,000 a night. Other, ____3____ (price-friendly), encounters are the Maldives submarine experience where tourists pay $1,500 for an hour-long dive.
Despite the industry’s expansion, safety is an important issue. On March 27, a tourist submarine sank off the Egyptian Red Sea city of Hurghada. The sub was said ____4____ (experience) mechanical failure prior to sinking. The accident occurred more than a year after the OccanGate Titan submersible (潜水器) explosion on a dive to the Titanic wreck site. Safety concerns point to a lack of regulatory oversight. Submarines and submersibles sail without uniform international regulations, with safety practices ____5____ (leave) mostly in the hands of private operators.
Certified submersibles undergo close inspections by independent organizations. These inspections cover the vessel's structure, life-support systems, and mechanical integrity. The need for third-party inspection ____6____ not be overstated. However, OceanGate’s Titan submersible notably avoided this process, claiming certification would slow down innovation.
Certified submarines are generally safe, but any form of extreme underwater exploration involves certain risks. If something goes wrong, rescue operations for deep-sea vessels are complex and time-sensitive. Most tourist submarines operate at depths ____7____ divers or other submarines can assist in emergencies. However, vessels like the Titan, which dove to 12,500 feet, exceed most rescue capabilities.
Typical tour submarines don’t dive ____8____ 150 feet. At that depthscuba divers can help if needed. But the deeper you go, the more difficult and slower a rescue becomes. ____9____ submarines operate also impacts rescues. In places such as Antarctica or the mid-Atlantic, conditions and logistical obstacles hinder quick rescue.
In spite of recent tragedies, international regulation of deep-sea tourism is still low and governments do not usually regulate businesses _____10_____ there are repeated failures. Hopefully, high-profile accidents like OceanGate’s explosion or the sinking of Hurghada might alter that.
词汇积累：
capture v. _____________
a thrilling adventure _____________
commercial access _____________
encounter v./n. _____________
expansion n. _____________
mechanical failure _____________
prior to _____________
wreck site _____________
a lack of regulatory oversight _____________
uniform international regulations __________
undergo close inspections _____________
mechanical integrity _____________
overstate v. _____________
exceed v. _____________
logistical obstacles _____________
hinder v. _____________
tragedies n. _____________
high-profile adj. _____________
alter v. ________________
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. complex B. form C. handful D. largely E. occasionally F. preferred
G. resistant H. survived I. sensitive J. sporting K. suggesting
Thermae Romae (罗马浴场)
When considering the legacy of ancient Rome, most scholars focus on the gladiatorial (角斗) games and republican institutions. Often ignored are Rome’s countless baths. Although ____11_D___ abandoned by the Western world today, public bathing was a cornerstone of Roman civilization.
The baths even ____12_H___ the fall of Rome itself, continuing to operate into the Early Middle Ages. But what was it about these places / that made them so ____13_G___ to historical change As it turns out, there’s a lot more to them than rest and relaxation. survive v. 幸存 / 比...活得长
resist the temptation 抵制诱惑
resistant adj. 对...有抵抗力的
The oldest of the Thermae Romae dates to the 2nd century BC, and they increased in both size and numbers as time went on. In 33 BC, the number of baths in the Eternal City alone had risen from / a(n) ____14__C__ to more than 170. By the early 5th century AD, that quantity had climbed to an astonishing 856. prioritize v. 优先考虑... / priority n. 优先考虑的事
rival v. 相媲美 / n. 对手
scale n. 规模
complex n. 建筑群 / adj. 复杂的
Though many baths prioritized ____15 B____ over function, the most impressive of them were architectural wonders / marvel n. 奇迹. The greatest of the greatest, the Terme di Caracalla, rivals the Forum and Pantheon in scale. Spanning 11 hectares and decorated with mosaics and statues, the ____16_A___ seems to have been capable of accommodating as many as 2,500 guests. Roman baths were also marvels of engineering. Water, carried over by channels, was heated before being poured into various pools.
with + n. + 非谓语： with 的复合宾语结构
主动：ing
被动：ed
目的和将来：to do
修饰成分都不是核心词!
sport n. 运动 / v. （自豪地）拥有
Versatility was the name of the game, / with even the smallest public baths ____17_J___ at least three different pools: a warm pool; a hot pool; and, finally, a cold pool. / Medium-sized thermae also featured steam rooms, similar to saunas. The biggest thermae went even further, offering outdoor courtyards where people could socialize or exercise, as well as gardens and libraries. /While/ the ____18__F__ sports / varied (from one Italian region to another), / common activities included boxing, wrestling, discus throwing, and weightlifting./
Besides evidence from written sources, archaeological evidence can give us an even clearer picture of what went on inside these places. The evidence includes not only the remains of the baths themselves, but also the objects (that researchers have been able to recover( from their ____19_E___ undamaged drainage systems)). Archacologists recovered nail cleaners, needles, and food remains, ____20__K_(that)_ / some baths may have been fitted with medical facilities, textile workshops, and food stands.
suggest 建议；表明
词汇积累：
occasionally adv. ___________________
resistant adj. ___________________
legacy n. ___________________
rival v. _____与...相匹敌________
scale n. ___________________
accommodate v. ___________________
marvel n. ___________________
versatility n. ____多功能性__________
drainage systems ___________________
textile workshops ___________________
textile n. 服装；纺织
drain v. 排水
II. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Feeling unproductive even after working all day
produce v.生产 / n.农产品
product n. 产品
productive adj.高效的；有生产力的
unproductive adj. 没有生产力的；徒劳的
1. 逻辑 / 2. 复现 / 3. 搭配 = “答案在前后”
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you’ve worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout
You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia. Although not a scientific term, it’s a helpful way to describe the feeling of ____21____ to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re completely drained. It’s the pursuit of productivity that motivates you to do more while ____22____ you of the ability to enjoy any success along the way.
A21. A. hesitating B. learning C. agreeing D. failing
Productivity dysmorphia may look like working ____23____ on the weekends because you think you should be doing more, even though you did more than your share of work throughout the week. It could look like feeling ashamed of yourself when watching a movie or hanging out with friends because it feels like you’re ____24____ time that you could have spent working.
Highly competitive, work-oriented cultures ____25____ this constant pursuit of productivity that affects other areas of life. ____26____, you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being. Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance ____27____, companies prefer employees who get the maximum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks. ____28____ like these stress that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Sometimes called “____29____ capitalism,” this mindset pushes people to force their minds and bodies to work even though they’re ____30____. The problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements encourages people to dedicate their free time to extra work, ____31____ the family dinners to cat in front of a computer, and take work devices on vacations so they can wrap up a project on the plane.
There’s a difference between enjoying work, working a lot, and feeling compelled to work ____32____ whether you enjoy it. Popular quotes like “if you do what you love, you don’t work a single day in life” may normalize overworking under the assumption that if you’re ____33____ about something, you won’t ever get tired.
As people place more and more importance on work, it becomes harder to justify something if it doesn’t lead to productivity. Some writers have even begun describing rest as ____34____, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that mater are achieving work goals. The worst part There’s no sense of ____35____ when you reach these goals.
A21. A. hesitating B. learning C. agreeing D. failing
C22. A. assuring B. convincing C. robbing D. accusing
D23. A. alone B. extra C. later D. reluctantly
C24. A. finding B. investing C. wasting D. saving
D25. A. discourage B. evolve C. normalize D. criticize
B26. A. In fact B. In other words C. On the contrary D. By comparison
D27. A. Reversely B. Consequently C. Alternatively D. Similarly
D28. A. Shares B. Breaks C. Habits D. Rewards
A29. A. internalized B. rejected C. civilized D. classified
A30. A. standing out B. breaking down C. catching up D. showing off
C31. A. take B. enjoy C. skip D. extend
A32. A. irrespective of B. associated with C. as a result of D. in spite of
B33. A. particular B. passionate C. pessimistic D. curious
B34. A. essential B. desirable C. productive D. imaginary
B35. A. humor B. fulfillment C. timing D. justice
词汇积累：
unproductive adj. ____________________
guilty adj. ____________________
be completely drained ____________________
the pursuit of ____________________
work-oriented adj. ____________________
perfect attendance ____________________
mindset n. ____________________
wrap up a project ____________________
feel compelled to work ____________________
normalize v. ____________________
assumption n. ____________________
justify v. ____________________
accuse v. ____________________
internalize v. ____________________
civilize v. ____________________
extend v. ____________________
irrespective of ____________________
fulfillment n. ____________________
timing n. ____________________
justice n. ____________________
长难句分析：
The problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements encourages people to dedicate their free time to extra work, ____31____ the family dinners to cat in front of a computer, and take work devices on vacations so they can wrap up a project on the plane.
主干：
套题练习 6 2025届青浦区二模 得分：_______________
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How to Stop Taking Bad Advice
“Wait your turn.” “Stay in your lane.” “Fake it till you make it.”
If you’ve worked in any professional environment, you’ve probably heard advice like this and even taken it. At first glance, it seems harmless — motivational, even. But dig deeper, and you’ll find these statements can often serve to stop progress, mask deeper problems, or encourage (1) ______ (healthy) workplace norms.
Understanding (2) ______ we fall for bad advice is the first step in resisting it.
In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction (3) ______ ______ a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, (4) ______ ______ the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment.
A concept I (5) ______ (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. This anxiety keeps many of us silent, (6) ______ (lead) us to follow advice we do not trust.
Every time we act on bad advice, we sacrifice (7) ______ — our time, our resources, or our confidence. Breaking the cycle of following bad advice doesn’t mean rejecting all guidance — it means learning to evaluate advice critically and match it to your goals and values. Here’s how to start:
Pause before you act
When (8) ______ (face) with advice, take a moment to assess it.
Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it (9) ______ (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same.
Trust your expertise
Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice (10) ______ they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs.
词汇积累：
at first glance _________________
serve to do _________________
resist v. _________________
perceive v. _________________
be consistent with _________________
thoughtful adj. _________________
expertise n. _________________
conflicts with _________________
make the call _________________
occur vi. _________________
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. controlling B. practically C. sort D. litter E. claimed F. diet G. inefficient H. revolutionary I. commercial J. reborn K. theoretically
A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste
The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as (11) ______.
A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and (12) ______ this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products.
That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start (13) ______ operations this year in northeast England. It can, (14) ______, take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially (15) ______ the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics.
The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and (16) ______, with much of the plastic being turned into something useless.
Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way.
Mura has also declared the technology to be “(17) ______” because it “has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”.
In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its (18) ______ of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be (19) ______ as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects.
These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than (20) ______.
词汇积累：
sort v. _______________
litter v./n. _______________
claim v. _______________
commercial adj. _______________
theoretically adv. _______________
break down _______________
miserable adj. _______________
generate v. _______________
extract from _______________
a circular manufacturing process ___________
energy-intensive adj. _______________
is picky about _______________
live up to _______________
groundbreaking adj. _____________
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Compliments are no straightforward matter and require skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be __21__ for human relations at home and at work. But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. What follows is a research-based guide to tell you what kind of compliments are __22__.
Whether the compliment is effective in __23__ the other person depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. To begin with, a good compliment must not __24__ with its recipient’s self-image. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your __25__, because I have no hair on the head. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well, probably because the compliment does not ring true with their negative view of themselves, and so they __26__ it.
Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-image, scholars writing in 2022 in Current Psychology concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its __27__. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unplanned, and it must occur in the appropriate __28__.
Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re __29__ a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment annoying, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true __30__ and is simply praising you to make a sale.
The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspect, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for __31__ your intelligence.
Some compliments are not just ineffective; they actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by comparing their good quality with a negative __32__. An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head” — not that I’m insecure or anything — because this sets such a low __33__ on the praise.
Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past __34__ (“This draft is certainly better than the last one”), with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”), and with a conventional conception (“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate”).
In their experiments, the authors found that the complimenters thought these backhanded comparisons were __35__, but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed.
21. A. universal B. efficient C. heartfelt D. comforting
22. A. showered B. preferred C. emphasized D. misinterpreted
23. A. stretching B. persuading C. uplifting D. understanding
24. A. conflict B. compete C. associate D. agree
25. A. crafts B. vision C. motives D. competence
26. A. discount B. defend C. reverse D. receive
27. A. image B. market C. status D. object
28. A. manner B. purchase C. order D. context
29. A. putting off B. leaning toward C. turning down D. pushing through
30. A. qualities B. intentions C. potentials D. tendencies
31. A. overestimating B. grading C. suspecting D. developing
32. A. comment B. equivalent C. impression D. standard
33. A. quantity B. profile C. ceiling D. reputation
34. A. draft B. anticipation C. trend D. failure
35. A. deliberate B. positive C. distressing D. specific
词汇积累：
compliment n. __________________
destructive adj. __________________
unqualified adj. __________________
recipient n. __________________
suspect v. __________________
ring true __________________
credibility n. __________________
excessive compliment __________________
conducted research __________________
backhanded adj. __________________
insecure adj. __________________
misinterpret v. __________________
motive n. __________________
discount v. __________________
lean toward ___________高三 GVC专项练习 Name: _______________
套题练习 1 2024届三模 得分：______________
I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits.
You’re Blushing! The Science Behind Those Rosy Cheeks
You’re 12 years old again, and your middle school crush just asked you to dance. 21.______ you can say yes, you notice your entire grade is watching. You can feel it happening, but you can’t control it: You’re blushing. Blushing is a uniquely human reaction, and 22 _______we’ve all experienced at some point. But why do people blush
Blushing is actually a bit of a scientific mystery, and one of the many weird facts about the human body. While it 23 _____________ (study) extensively, it’s not exactly clear why it happens. 24_________ other emotional responses, blushing is more varied. “Blushing doesn’t mean the same thing for every person,” says Gary Small, MD, leading expert on brain science. “If you’re embarrassed or ashamed, that’s when people tend to blush,” says Dr. Small. That’s because one of the main causes is feeling 25 _______(expose) or open to inspection.
Charles Darwin called blushing “ 26_____ (human) and distinctive of all expressions,” and it’s true that no other animal on earth blushes the way we do.27. ___________ blushing as a form of communication has actually been observed in some other animals (like parrots), it doesn’t work quite the same way. Blushing in humans is really a result of our existence as social creatures and our complicated social structures.
When we feel embarrassment or shame, it triggers the same bodily system as the fight-or-flight response. Why would we experience embarrassment the same way 28__________ we experience fear or stress Embarrassment or shame are both examples of what scientists refer to as “social pain.” Because our survival as a species is so dependent on our sense of belonging, we evolved to experience social pain as deeply as physical pain. 29________ (cast) out of the group is as dangerous to humans as physical threats, like being chased by a tiger.
Blushing is really hard to prevent. That said, because of the psychological components of blushing, mental health therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy 30 ________________ be effective at helping you better manage feelings of shame and embarrassment or social anxiety that lead to blushing, Dr. Small says.
词汇积累：
crush n. _______________
a uniquely human reaction ___________
extensively adv. _______________
tend to blush _______________
inspection n. _______________
distinctive adj. _______________
trigger v. _______________
is dependent on _______________
psychological components ___________
cognitive behavioral therapy _______
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need.
A. admire B. receptive C. base D. target E.examining F. loyal G.introducing H. peer I. instant J. engaging K. marketing
Have you ever been on social media and seen your favorite celebrity talking about a product These promotions might not be totally random, and are actually seen as a vital part of the 31 process. The question is: How do social media influencers ‘influence’ what you buy
Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, makes us 32 to being ‘socially panies often use that desire to have a similar lifestyle to a celebrity we 33 to hawk or launch a product. So, what do these promotions actually do
Firstly, they can be used to build brand awareness. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create 34 content that not only sticks to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.
Secondly, influencers can improve a company or product’s relationship with their customer 35_________ . According to InMoment’s 2018 US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand 36 for more than ten years. This is also true of 60% of millennials. A popular celebrity can 37 ______ key demographics ( 顾客族群) and talk or blog about a product, which can create a(n) 38 and lasting bond with the consumer.
Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with seemingly ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘ 39 recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be doubtful about what we are seeing.
So, if you find yourself 40 a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.
词汇积累：
totally random _________________
desire for status _________________
stick to _________________
lasting bond _________________
receptive adj. ________________
engaging adj. ________________
peer n. ________________
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single domain and automatically learns from the data to make specific decisions within that domain. It can automatically optimize ( 优 化 ) human-given goals with 41 ________ memory and superhuman accuracy.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many 42 ________. It’s worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the 43________that sometimes surround the topic.
First, let’s talk about job displacement. Because AI can 44________ humans at routine tasks, it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. 45________, four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a 46 ________to optimize. It cannot 47 ________as scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI 48________of single domain and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ as many people as AI will replace Not to worry, as the fourth type is much 49________: empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.
As well as job displacement, AI has the potential to 50 ________ inequality - both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to reap the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 51________ job displacement.
The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of 52 ________ . The consequences of hacking into AI-controlled systems could be severe.
Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation. Sadly we’ve already seen 53________on this front. Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.
All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to 54________to develop a new rule book for AI applications. And rather than compare against one another, countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the 55________ of all.
A. deep B. specific C. accurate D. unlimited
A. challenges B. possibilities C. decisions D. doubts
A. underestimates B. misunderstanding C. controversies D. arguments
A. outperform B. dismiss C. reject D. enroll
A. In addition B. By comparison C. In fact D. As a result
A. job B. risk C. goal D. topic
A. research B. invent C. serve D. learn
A. limitation B. displacement C. automation D. complication
A. larger B. easier C. smarter D. quicker
A. multiply B. remove C. maintain D. conceal
A. destabilize B. enhance C. preserve D. relieve
A. control B. security C. severity D. advancement
53. A. prejudices B. failures C. temptations D. manipulation
54. A. hold on B. take off C. work together D. back up
55. A. competition B. application C. rules D. good
词汇积累：
takes in massive amounts of data ____________
potential applications ____________
the rise of ____________
genuine risks ____________
strategic jobs ____________
empathetic adj. ____________
compassionate adj.____________
reap the economic rewards ____________
poses serious challenges ____________
severe adj. ____________
prejudice n. ____________
manipulation n. ____________
resist the temptation ____________
at the expense of ____________
division n. ____________
underestimate n./v. ____________
controversies n. ____________
outperform v. ____________
dismiss v. ____________
enroll v. ____________
conceal v. ____________
destabilize v. ____________
enhance v. ____________
severity n. ____________
good n. ____________
长难句分析：
Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to reap the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to 51________ job displacement.
主干：
Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.
主干：
语法填空（每题1分，共10分）
Before 22. something/one/what 23. has been studied
Unlike 25. exposed 26. the most human
Although/Though/While 28. that/as
29. Being cast 30. can/could/may/might
语篇选词（每题1分，共10分）
31-40 KBAJC FDIHE
完型（每题1分，共15分）
41-55 DABAC CBAAA DBBCD
套题练习2 浦东新区2024届三模 得分：___________
II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New York City. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter ____21____ (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had ____22____ (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry had established his reputation _____23____ a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings.
O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North P. Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas, ____24____ he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife _____25_____ (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed _____26_____ he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later, ____27____ her condition worsened, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter ____28____ (emerge) from prison as O. Henry.
In 1902 O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a _____29_____ (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s writing is admired for its colorful and realistic depictions of the everyday lives of New Yorkers. His stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist”—his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award ____30____ (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines.
词汇积累：
track down ____________
daily circulation ____________
immensely popular ____________
established his reputation ____________
columnist n. ____________
infectious disease ____________
gain/win worldwide acclaim ____________
realistic depictions ____________
plot twist _____________
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
advances B. combed C.net D.heads E.automation F.modest G. comprehensive H.thinned I.prior J.underlie K.unearth
Does technology replace more jobs than it creates What is the ___31___ balance between these two things Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine ___32___, and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.
“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades, from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades ___33___,” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s ___34___. The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) ___35___ look at the text of U.S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.
The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues ___36___ through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to ___37___ related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.
From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department ___38___ , and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been ___39___ by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.
Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more ___40___, and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.
词汇积累：
advance n. ____________
comb v./n. ____________
net n./adj. ____________
modest adj. ____________
underlie v. ____________
unearth v. ____________
patent n. ____________
长难句分析：
The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) ___35___ look at the text of U.S. patents over the last century.
主干：
III. Reading Comprehension（45分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for ____41____ periods.
The rise of “city breaks” --- 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their ____42____ spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure （基础设施） as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font, an expert in tourism. “For ___43___, the city no longer belongs to them.”
In response to this situation, cities have come up with various solutions. For instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek ___44___ outside of the city center on its official website. “That takes courage, really, to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can to ___45___ congestion.”
But it also proposes a better way, which is called “de-tourism”: sustainable travel tips and ___46___ schedules for exploring a real Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of ___47___ for prospective visitors – ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center – can have the effect of removing them from already crowded landmarks, or ___48___ short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays ___49___ the pressure, says Font. ‘If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to the Eiffel Tower. If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.” Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the ___50___, “We should be asking how we can get tourists to ___51___, not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behaviors with ours.”
Font says cities could stand to be more ___52___ about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking, ‘yeah but at what cost …’” He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists – a(n) ___53___ that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. ___54___ tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local products, and spread out to less crowded parts of the city – all productive steps towards more ___55___ tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
41. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer
42. A. environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic
43. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners
44. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service
45. A. cause B. fuel C. transfer D. ease
46. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective
47. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support
48. A. convincing B. discouraging C. promoting D. enjoying
49. A. release B. enhance C. remove D. relieve
50. A. culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability
51. A. go with B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
52. A. selective B. optimistic C. curious D. doubtful
53. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison
54. A. French B. Japanese C. Spanish D. German
55. A. comfortable B. complex C. temporary D. sustainable
词汇积累：
annual leave balance ________________
resident n. ________________
congestion n. ________________
prospective visitors ________________
in off-peak season ________________
integrate v. ________________
prioritize v. ________________
productive adj. ________________
ease v. ________________
alternative adj. ________________
lay off ______________
to track 22. the largest 23. as 24. where 25. was diagnosed 26. that 27. when 28.emerged celebrated 30. honors
31-35 C E I A G 36-40 B K D H F
41-45 BDABD 46-50 CBBDA 51-55 CADAD
套题练习 3 2024届专家命题 三模 得分：_____________
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Life on Venus (金星) Maybe Not
In September of 2020, a team of astrophysicists made waves across the scientific community. (21)_____ (use) advanced telescopes aimed at the atmosphere of Venus, they detected signs of a chemical known as phosphine. This was no ordinary discovery. Phosphine, according to the researchers, doesn’t just show up (22)_____ _____ nowhere. Its presence could indicate something extraordinary: living microbes (微生物) in the harsh conditions of Venus’s atmosphere.
The idea of life on Venus (23)_____ (be) nothing short of astonishing. Let’s put this into perspective: Venus is a planet on (24)_____ the average surface temperature is around 470℃. Additionally, the pressure on the surface is like being 900 meters underwater on Earth. And on top of that, Venus (25)_____ (cover) in clouds of sulfuric acid (硫酸), making it even more unwelcoming. Not exactly the first place you’d look for life, right
However, there’s a catch. High above the surface, in the upper atmosphere of Venus, conditions are somewhat more bearable. That’s (26)_____ scientists think tiny life forms might be able to live.
(27)_____ (excite) by their initial findings, the research team openly invited the scientific community to review their data. This open invitation is a hallmark of scientific inquiry. Upon closer examination, however, other scientists raised concerns that cast doubt on the presence of phosphine, suggesting that the initial findings (28)_____ have been a false alarm.
This twist in the tale hasn’t discouraged scientists. Instead, it has encouraged them (29)_____ (dive) deeper into the mysteries of Venus. The pursuit of answers continues, fueled by the knowledge that the path to discovery is rarely straightforward. Science develops on such challenges, relying on collective effort and peer review to inch closer to the truth, (30)_____ it points to extraterrestrial (外星球的) life or not.
词汇积累：
advanced telescope _________________
detect v. _________________
harsh conditions _________________
initial findings _________________
cast doubt on _________________
a false alarm _________________
rarely straightforward _________________
collective effort _______________
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conservation B. consumed C. contradictorily D. indistinguishable
E. initiative F. laboriously G. live H. planted
I. portion J. tracking K. window
Go Ahead, Steal This Egg
Sea turtles now face a crisis of survival due to human activities. One of the most pressing threats comes from the illegal poaching (偷猎) of their eggs. In certain places, these eggs are stolen to be sold on the black market. The desperate need to protect these endangered species has led to a combination of 31 efforts with technology.
In a novel approach to stopping egg poaching, scientists have engineered artificial eggs that are virtually 32 from the real ones. These eggs, created with advanced 3D printing techniques, serve a purpose far beyond deception (欺骗). Inside the fake shells, there are small GPS devices that act like advanced trackers for protecting the turtles. Called “InvestEGGators,” these eggs are made to look just like the rest, and they send 33 information about where they go after poachers take them. These fake eggs were left on the sun-kissed beaches of Costa Rica, a nesting ground for sea turtles. As the female turtles 34 dug their nests and deposited their eggs under the cover of darkness, the researchers secretly introduced an “InvestEGGator” into each nest. Over time, a total of 101 fake eggs were 35 .
Poachers, driven by profit, soon invaded these nests, unaware that among their spoils were eggs that would reveal their actions. While a(n) 36 of the fake eggs were discovered and cast aside, others journeyed far from their sandy origins, crossing borders and revealing poaching pathways. This invaluable data provided by the tracking devices offered scientists a(n) 37 into the dark world of wildlife trafficking (非法交易). It revealed not only the routes taken but also hinted at the demand, identifying hotspots where these eggs are 38 .
More than just a tracking effort, the data from these GPS-fitted eggs has the potential to transform conservation strategies. By understanding the poaching chains, conservationists can break up the groups that threaten sea turtles. Furthermore, the insights gained from this 39 can fuel community education programs, helping to cultivate a culture of respect for wildlife.
This combination of innovation and conservation opens new horizons in the mission to save the sea turtles. The “InvestEGGator” project is more than a(n) 40 tool—it signals a future where technology and environmentalism walk hand in hand to guard our planet’s precious life.
词汇积累：
contradictorily adv. ________________
indistinguishable adj. ________________
initiative n. ________________
laboriously adv. ________________
live adj. ________________
portion n. ________________
pressing threats ________________
desperate need ________________
novel approach ________________
engineered artificial eggs ________________
deposit v.________________
spoil n. ________________
transform conservation strategies __________
cultivate a culture ________________
opens new horizons ______________
长难句分析：
It revealed not only the routes taken but also hinted at the demand, identifying hotspots where these eggs are 38 .
主干：
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In an age where digital storefronts provide seemingly unlimited selections, consumer behavior still narrows towards uniformity, a phenomenon perfectly illustrated by the “long tail” concept in retail (零售) and media consumption. Originally introduced by Chris Anderson during his study of market trends, the long tail theory offers a unique 41 . It suggests that while specialty products together 42 a substantial market, mainstream hits continue to dominate consumer spending. This creates a pattern that appears 43 the diversity expected from online platforms.
Then, the “long tail” theory envisions a 44 retail environment. Here, lesser-known products become popular through the internet’s wide reach. This gives consumers more choices, 45 depending only on mainstream, mass-market products. Yet, the reality often challenges this 46 . Major online platforms like Amazon, while housing millions of products, see most of their sales concentrated in the hands of a few top sellers.
So, what makes people choose popular items despite having so many 47 Part of the answer lies in the psychology of consumers influenced by social proof and the visibility of top-selling items. Products that gain early popularity can quickly snowball, fueled by algorithms (算法) that prioritize visibility based on sales and reviews. As these items become more visible and 48 , new consumers are more likely to choose them over less visible alternatives, enhancing their status and further creating a(n) 49 distribution of sales.
50 , the dominance of mainstream products can also be due to what is known as the “Matthew effect” or the principle of cumulative advantage, where initial advantages tend to compound over time. Products and artists that become popular early, either because they’re marketed well or just lucky, keep getting more attention and support. This makes it harder for other, less known choices to be 51 and succeed.
Consumer choice is also shaped by the 52 of decision-making. In a world filled with options, many prefer the simplicity of choosing what is already popular, a trend that simplifies decision-making but 53 cultural diversity. This problem is 54 by recommendation engines that often suggest items based on the user’s past behavior and the behavior of others, rather than exploring the depths of available diversity.
In summary, while online platforms 55 expand access to a vast range of products, the actual consumption patterns indicate a strong liking towards a few dominant choices.
41. A. perspective B. opportunity C. experiment D. structure
42. A. take over B. go over C. set up D. make up
43. A. dependent on B. contradictory to C. concerned with D. inefficient at
44. A. virtual B. stable C. different D. harsh
45. A. freeing them from B. blaming them for
C. committing them to D. assisting them in
46. A. approach B. procedure C. inequality D. expectation
47. A. sellers B. platforms C. options D. accounts
48. A. recommended B. determined C. sponsored D. produced
49. A. similar B. broad C. overall D. uneven
50. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Fortunately
51. A. seen B. made C. avoided D. left
52. A. level B. ease C. form D. type
53. A. reflects B. protects C. narrows D. includes
54. A. addressed B. intensified C. understood D. ignored
55. A. minimally B. restrictively C. mysteriously D. theoretically
词汇积累：
seemingly unlimited selections ______________
narrow v. ______________
uniformity n. ______________
a substantial market ______________
hit n. ______________
dominate v. ______________
envision v. ______________
visibility n. ______________
distribution n. ______________
compound v. ______________
perspective n. ______________
make up ______________
contradictory to ______________
sponsor v./n. ______________
uneven adj. ______________
intensify v. ______________
theoretically adv. _____________
长难句分析：
This problem is 54 by recommendation engines that often suggest items based on the user’s past behavior and the behavior of others, rather than exploring the depths of available diversity.
主干：
21. Using 22. out of 23. is 24. which 25. is covered
26. where 27. Excited 28. might 29. to dive 30. whether
31. A 32. D 33. G 34. F 35. H 36. I 37. K 38. B 39. E 40. J
41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. C
51. A 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D
套题练习 4 曹阳中学 2025届三模得分：_________________
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Trouble with Friends
On a daily basis, I teach kids. ___1___ “kids”, I mean teens to college- age, sometimes mid - twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don’t usually talk about their families. Sometimes I’m taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions ___2___ (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be ___3___ (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make.
An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their ___4___ (close) friends. My husband is now the person I spend the most time with. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, ___5___ stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they will tell their spouses, ___6___ I’m friendly but not friends. A friendship is truly strained when you don’t like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far removed from ___7___ you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all.
After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and ___8___ (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in- progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you’re no longer included in the problem- solving. Of course, some matters belong first to the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when ___9___ outcome is certain, we do update one another, which reminds us that we’re still friends, but with the friendship ____10____ (reduce) to a PowerPoint.
词汇积累：
on a daily basis _________________
spouse n. _________________
intimacy n. _________________
vice versa _________________
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. appealing B. bargains C. credited D. identical E. intentionally F. items G. limited H. missteps I. pioneered J. gratefully K. scored
Dupes are wearing out Lululemon Athletica
Dupes are the products that cost less than the premium (高端的) versions but are of similar style and quality. Less expensive versions of premium products have become a(n) ____11____ alternative, particularly for younger shoppers.
That is becoming a problem for Lululemon Athletica,, the company that ____12____ high-end sportswear and made $100 leggings the norm.
“The brand logo doesn’t hold as much appeal as it used to,” said Mikayla Kitsopoulos, a 22- year- old college student. “Finding ____13____ is the new status symbol.” When Kitsopoulos was in high school, she wore Lululemon leggings, which cost about $100. Now, she buys her leggings on Amazon for about $30. She said the quality and fit is almost ____14____, so why pay more
The heightened competition comes as Lululemon has made a series of ____15____ that have turned off even some of its most devoted fans. Not long ago, it removed a new type of leggings from its stores and website after customers complained about the fit. Other mistakes have included a color palette that was too ____16____ and not having enough of some products such as smaller size leggings. The misfires have pushed people such as Natalie Assink to ____17____ seek out different brands. The20- year- old college student said she switched from Lululemon to Gymshark and AYBL not just because their leggings cost less, but also because they have more color varieties.
Buying cheaper versions of premium products isn’t new. Boasting about it is. Ellyn Briggs, Moring Consult’s brands analyst, ____18____ the growing popularity of dupes to inflation but also to the rise of social media. The No. I reason people said they bought dupes was to save money, according to Morning Consult’s survey. They also wanted to test out whether the cheaper versions were as good as the premium ____19____ and then post about them on TikTok or other platforms. “It’s more than just a transaction,” Briggs said. “They want to share the fact that they have ____20____ a success.”
词汇积累：
appealing adj. _______________
identical adj. _______________
intentionally adv. _______________
misstep n. _______________
of similar style _______________
heightened competition _______________
devoted fans _______________
misfire n. _______________
legging n. _______________
boast about _______________
analyst n. _______________
transaction n. ___________________
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People’s relationship with work is complex and complicated. ____21____ complaining about the boredom and bureaucracy, the power-crazed bosses and disobedient colleagues, individuals need the security of a job. A century of research has shown that ____22____ is bad for mental health, leading to depression, anxiety and reduced self-esteem.
On average, it has an even greater effect than divorce. But how much work do you need to do A recent paper by the Centre for Business Research at Cambridge University found that people working reduced working hours or being ____23____ do not have poorer mental health. What was particularly surprising is how little work was needed to keep people happy. The threshold for good mental health was just one day a week — after that, it seemed to make little difference to individuals’ well-being if they worked eight hours or 48 hours a week. The ____24____ from working clearly comes from the feeling of purpose, from the social status it creates and from the camaraderie of colleagues engaged in the same tasks.
A little bit of work may be ____25____, but too much is not. An enterprising junior analyst at Goldman Sachs recently surveyed his ____26____. The survey found those first-year analysts had worked an average 98 hours a week since the start of 2021, and only managed five hours of sleep a night. It found that 77% of them had been the subject of ____27____, that 75% had sought, or considered seeking counselling, and that, on average, they had suffered sharp declines in mental and physical health.
Nevertheless, the general reaction to the story was remarkably ____28____. In some people’s eyes, the young analysts should have expected to be ____29____ in such a fashion; after all, that is why they were being paid so well. The well-experienced analysts of the investment- banking industry thought “It was the same in my day. Never did me any harm.” ____30____, it is still hard to see why young analysts should expect to suffer. They joined a bank, not the Mafia.
Nor does it make much ____31____ sense to have employees working so long that they only get to sleep five hours a night. They can hardly be operating ____32____ when they are dog-tired. That junior professional staff have always worked long hours is not a good explanation for ____33____ stress on young people at the start of their careers. It smacks of the legendary navy motto: “The beatings will continue until morale improves.”
Clearly, economy cannot ____34____ if everyone works one day a week. The need to limit excessive working hours was realised back in Victorian times. For much of the 20th century the length of the average working week fell while output continued to climb.
There will be occasions when people have to work late or rise early to finish a project. Day after day, however, a long-hours lifestyle is bad for workers’ health. Some organizations may see the ____35____ for work as a sign of an employee’s willingness to put their job ahead of their families and friends. If so, they don’t need to have better employees. They need better managers.
21. A. With B. Despite C. Against D. Like
22. A. unemployment B. divorce C. complaint D. prosecution
23. A. employed B. suspended C. criticized D. motivated
24. A. secrets B. fatigue C. boost D. assignment
25. A. stressful B. helpless C. creative D. satisfying
26. A. peers B. superiors C. relatives D. advocates
27. A. workplace abuse B. racial discrimination C. cyber bullying D. peer pressure
28. A. predictable B. inevitable C. normal D. unsympathetic
29. A. accommodated B. treated C. paid D. fired
30. A. Conversely B. Therefore C. However D. Likewise
31. A. education B. medicine C. fitness D. business
32. A. at full efficiency B. at a loss C. in others’ shoes D. in low spirits
33. A. relieving B. piling C. blaming D. experimenting
34. A. contract B. collapse C. prosper D. recover
35. A. appetite B. gift C. excuse D. strategy
词汇积累：
bureaucracy n. _________________
disobedient adj. _________________
threshold n. _________________
be engaged in _________________
enterprising adj. _________________
subject n. _________________
nevertheless adv. _________________
dog-tired adj. _________________
morale n. _________________
limit excessive working hours ____________
prosecution n. _________________
suspend v. _________________
fatigue n. _________________
boost n. _________________
advocate n. _________________
workplace abuse _________________
racial discrimination _________________
inevitable adj. _________________
in low spirits _________________
collapse vi./n. _________________
appetite n. _______________
【答案】
1. By 2. having 3. to maintain 4. closest 5. however 6. with whom
7. what 8. updates 9. an 10. reduced
11. A 12. I 13. B 14. D 15. H 16. G 17. E 18. C 19. F 20. K
B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C
31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A
套题练习 5 华师大附中2025届三模 得分：_______________
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given ward; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Concerns Regarding Deep-Sea Tourism
The depths of the oceans, with their charming mysteries, continue to capture the human imagination. For many, deep-sea tourism provides an opportunity to have a thrilling adventure unlike any ____1____
With greater commercial access, deep-sea tourism ____2____ (move) from an upper-class activity to a more accessible venture over the past few years. Various underwater adventures are now available. Luxury operations such as “Lovers Deep,” a St Lucia submarine hotel, cost $300,000 a night. Other, ____3____ (price-friendly), encounters are the Maldives submarine experience where tourists pay $1,500 for an hour-long dive.
Despite the industry’s expansion, safety is an important issue. On March 27, a tourist submarine sank off the Egyptian Red Sea city of Hurghada. The sub was said ____4____ (experience) mechanical failure prior to sinking. The accident occurred more than a year after the OccanGate Titan submersible (潜水器) explosion on a dive to the Titanic wreck site. Safety concerns point to a lack of regulatory oversight. Submarines and submersibles sail without uniform international regulations, with safety practices ____5____ (leave) mostly in the hands of private operators.
Certified submersibles undergo close inspections by independent organizations. These inspections cover the vessel's structure, life-support systems, and mechanical integrity. The need for third-party inspection ____6____ not be overstated. However, OceanGate’s Titan submersible notably avoided this process, claiming certification would slow down innovation.
Certified submarines are generally safe, but any form of extreme underwater exploration involves certain risks. If something goes wrong, rescue operations for deep-sea vessels are complex and time-sensitive. Most tourist submarines operate at depths ____7____ divers or other submarines can assist in emergencies. However, vessels like the Titan, which dove to 12,500 feet, exceed most rescue capabilities.
Typical tour submarines don’t dive ____8____ 150 feet. At that depthscuba divers can help if needed. But the deeper you go, the more difficult and slower a rescue becomes. ____9____ submarines operate also impacts rescues. In places such as Antarctica or the mid-Atlantic, conditions and logistical obstacles hinder quick rescue.
In spite of recent tragedies, international regulation of deep-sea tourism is still low and governments do not usually regulate businesses _____10_____ there are repeated failures. Hopefully, high-profile accidents like OceanGate’s explosion or the sinking of Hurghada might alter that.
词汇积累：
capture v. _____________
a thrilling adventure _____________
commercial access _____________
encounter v./n. _____________
expansion n. _____________
mechanical failure _____________
prior to _____________
wreck site _____________
a lack of regulatory oversight _____________
uniform international regulations __________
undergo close inspections _____________
mechanical integrity _____________
overstate v. _____________
exceed v. _____________
logistical obstacles _____________
hinder v. _____________
tragedies n. _____________
high-profile adj. _____________
alter v. ________________
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. complex B. form C. handful D. largely E. occasionally F. preferred
G. resistant H. survived I. sensitive J. sporting K. suggesting
Thermae Romae (罗马浴场)
When considering the legacy of ancient Rome, most scholars focus on the gladiatorial (角斗) games and republican institutions. Often ignored are Rome’s countless baths. Although ____11____ abandoned by the Western world today, public bathing was a cornerstone of Roman civilization.
The baths even ____12____ the fall of Rome itself, continuing to operate into the Early Middle Ages. But what was it about these places that made them so ____13____ to historical change As it turns out, there’s a lot more to them than rest and relaxation.
The oldest of the Thermae Romae dates to the 2nd century BC, and they increased in both size and numbers as time went on. In 33 BC, the number of baths in the Eternal City alone had risen from a(n) ____14____ to more than 170. By the early 5th century AD, that quantity had climbed to an astonishing 856.
Though many baths prioritized ____15____ over function, the most impressive of them were architectural wonders. The greatest of the greatest, the Terme di Caracalla, rivals the Forum and Pantheon in scale. Spanning 11 hectares and decorated with mosaics and statues, the ____16____ seems to have been capable of accommodating as many as 2,500 guests. Roman baths were also marvels of engineering. Water, carried over by channels, was heated before being poured into various pools.
Versatility was the name of the game, with even the smallest public baths ____17____ at least three different pools: a warm pool; a hot pool; and, finally, a cold pool. Medium-sized thermae also featured steam rooms, similar to saunas. The biggest thermae went even further, offering outdoor courtyards where people could socialize or exercise, as well as gardens and libraries. While the ____18____ sports varied from one Italian region to another, common activities included boxing, wrestling, discus throwing, and weightlifting.
Besides evidence from written sources, archaeological evidence can give us an even clearer picture of what went on inside these places. The evidence includes not only the remains of the baths themselves, but also the objects that researchers have been able to recover from their ____19____ undamaged drainage systems. Archacologists recovered nail cleaners, needles, and food remains, ____20____ some baths may have been fitted with medical facilities, textile workshops, and food stands.
词汇积累：
occasionally adv. ___________________
resistant adj. ___________________
legacy n. ___________________
rival v. ___________________
scale n. ___________________
accommodate v. ___________________
marvel n. ___________________
versatility n. ___________________
drainage systems ___________________
textile workshops ___________________
II. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Feeling unproductive even after working all day
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you’ve worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout
You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia. Although not a scientific term, it’s a helpful way to describe the feeling of ____21____ to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re completely drained. It’s the pursuit of productivity that motivates you to do more while ____22____ you of the ability to enjoy any success along the way.
Productivity dysmorphia may look like working ____23____ on the weekends because you think you should be doing more, even though you did more than your share of work throughout the week. It could look like feeling ashamed of yourself when watching a movie or hanging out with friends because it feels like you’re ____24____ time that you could have spent working.
Highly competitive, work-oriented cultures ____25____ this constant pursuit of productivity that affects other areas of life. ____26____, you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being. Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance ____27____, companies prefer employees who get the maximum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks. ____28____ like these stress that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Sometimes called “____29____ capitalism,” this mindset pushes people to force their minds and bodies to work even though they’re ____30____. The problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements encourages people to dedicate their free time to extra work, ____31____ the family dinners to cat in front of a computer, and take work devices on vacations so they can wrap up a project on the plane.
There’s a difference between enjoying work, working a lot, and feeling compelled to work ____32____ whether you enjoy it. Popular quotes like “if you do what you love, you don’t work a single day in life” may normalize overworking under the assumption that if you’re ____33____ about something, you won’t ever get tired.
As people place more and more importance on work, it becomes harder to justify something if it doesn’t lead to productivity. Some writers have even begun describing rest as ____34____, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that mater are achieving work goals. The worst part There’s no sense of ____35____ when you reach these goals.
21. A. hesitating B. learning C. agreeing D. failing
22. A. assuring B. convincing C. robbing D. accusing
23. A. alone B. extra C. later D. reluctantly
24. A. finding B. investing C. wasting D. saving
25. A. discourage B. evolve C. normalize D. criticize
26. A. In fact B. In other words C. On the contrary D. By comparison
27. A. Reversely B. Consequently C. Alternatively D. Similarly
28. A. Shares B. Breaks C. Habits D. Rewards
29. A. internalized B. rejected C. civilized D. classified
30. A. standing out B. breaking down C. catching up D. showing off
31. A. take B. enjoy C. skip D. extend
32. A. irrespective of B. associated with C. as a result of D. in spite of
33. A. particular B. passionate C. pessimistic D. curious
34. A. essential B. desirable C. productive D. imaginary
35. A. humor B. fulfillment C. timing D. justice
词汇积累：
unproductive adj. ____________________
guilty adj. ____________________
be completely drained ____________________
the pursuit of ____________________
work-oriented adj. ____________________
perfect attendance ____________________
mindset n. ____________________
wrap up a project ____________________
feel compelled to work ____________________
normalize v. ____________________
assumption n. ____________________
justify v. ____________________
accuse v. ____________________
internalize v. ____________________
civilize v. ____________________
extend v. ____________________
irrespective of ____________________
fulfillment n. ____________________
timing n. ____________________
justice n. ____________________
长难句分析：
The problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements encourages people to dedicate their free time to extra work, ____31____ the family dinners to cat in front of a computer, and take work devices on vacations so they can wrap up a project on the plane.
主干：
答案
1. other 2. has moved 3. more price-friendly 4. to have experienced 5. left 6. can
7. where 8. beyond 9. Where 10. unless
11. D 12. H 13. G 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. J 18. F 19. E 20. K
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. B
套题练习 6 2025届青浦区二模 得分：_______________
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How to Stop Taking Bad Advice
“Wait your turn.” “Stay in your lane.” “Fake it till you make it.”
If you’ve worked in any professional environment, you’ve probably heard advice like this and even taken it. At first glance, it seems harmless — motivational, even. But dig deeper, and you’ll find these statements can often serve to stop progress, mask deeper problems, or encourage (1) ______ (healthy) workplace norms.
Understanding (2) ______ we fall for bad advice is the first step in resisting it.
In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction (3) ______ ______ a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, (4) ______ ______ the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment.
A concept I (5) ______ (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. This anxiety keeps many of us silent, (6) ______ (lead) us to follow advice we do not trust.
Every time we act on bad advice, we sacrifice (7) ______ — our time, our resources, or our confidence. Breaking the cycle of following bad advice doesn’t mean rejecting all guidance — it means learning to evaluate advice critically and match it to your goals and values. Here’s how to start:
Pause before you act
When (8) ______ (face) with advice, take a moment to assess it.
Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it (9) ______ (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same.
Trust your expertise
Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice (10) ______ they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs.
词汇积累：
at first glance _________________
serve to do _________________
resist v. _________________
perceive v. _________________
be consistent with _________________
thoughtful adj. _________________
expertise n. _________________
conflicts with _________________
make the call _________________
occur vi. _________________
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. controlling B. practically C. sort D. litter E. claimed F. diet G. inefficient H. revolutionary I. commercial J. reborn K. theoretically
A New Way to Break Down “Unrecyclable” Plastic Waste
The world is miserable at recycling plastics. Currently, just 10-15% of the plastic waste we generate annually is recycled — with the rest burned, buried in landfill or dumped as (11) ______.
A big part of the problem is that much of the waste is a pile of different dirty plastics mixed with food, inks and labels. It’s expensive to clean and (12) ______ this mess into streams of single-polymer plastic — the kind that is generally needed for conventional “mechanical” recycling, in which plastic is cut, melted and re-formed into small balls, ready for new products.
That explains the excitement around a chemical plant that will start (13) ______ operations this year in northeast England. It can, (14) ______, take any kind of plastic waste, including mixed plastics considered “unrecyclable”, and break it down into chemicals that are similar to those extracted from oil. With further processing, these chemicals can be turned back into fresh plastic. If successful, it could be a powerful example of a circular manufacturing process — in which plastic is used and reprocessed over and over again — potentially (15) ______ the world’s dependence on fossil resources to make original plastics.
The facility uses a variation on a concept called chemical recycling, which breaks plastics apart into smaller chemical building blocks. Its main competitor in this approach is pyrolysis: heating plastics to temperatures above 450 °C in a reactor without oxygen. But pyrolysis is energy-intensive and (16) ______, with much of the plastic being turned into something useless.
Mura Technology, the London-based company behind the facility, says it is the first commercial-scale plant in the world to recycle plastic in this way.
Mura has also declared the technology to be “(17) ______” because it “has the potential to help eliminate plastic waste, recycling all types of plastic to create a true circular economy”.
In practice, as Mura explains, the plant is currently picky about its (18) ______ of plastic waste. And because, as with pyrolysis plants, not all of the facility’s products will be (19) ______ as plastic, some critics say that the process shouldn’t count as recycling — an accusation that Mura rejects.
These practicalities raise questions about the future of plastics pollution and whether chemical recycling can live up to its promised potential. The idea is not useless — but the real-life complications around the process make it less groundbreaking than (20) ______.
词汇积累：
sort v. _______________
litter v./n. _______________
claim v. _______________
commercial adj. _______________
theoretically adv. _______________
break down _______________
miserable adj. _______________
generate v. _______________
extract from _______________
a circular manufacturing process ___________
energy-intensive adj. _______________
is picky about _______________
live up to _______________
groundbreaking adj. _____________
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Compliments are no straightforward matter and require skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be __21__ for human relations at home and at work. But done poorly, compliments can be ineffective, even destructive. What follows is a research-based guide to tell you what kind of compliments are __22__.
Whether the compliment is effective in __23__ the other person depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. To begin with, a good compliment must not __24__ with its recipient’s self-image. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your __25__, because I have no hair on the head. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well, probably because the compliment does not ring true with their negative view of themselves, and so they __26__ it.
Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-image, scholars writing in 2022 in Current Psychology concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its __27__. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unplanned, and it must occur in the appropriate __28__.
Consider, for example, how you’d respond to an excessive compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart you are when you’re __29__ a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment annoying, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true __30__ and is simply praising you to make a sale.
The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspect, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for __31__ your intelligence.
Some compliments are not just ineffective; they actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by comparing their good quality with a negative __32__. An example of a destructive compliment would be “You look pretty good for a guy with no hair on the head” — not that I’m insecure or anything — because this sets such a low __33__ on the praise.
Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past __34__ (“This draft is certainly better than the last one”), with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”), and with a conventional conception (“This work isn’t bad for a Yale graduate”).
In their experiments, the authors found that the complimenters thought these backhanded comparisons were __35__, but both recipients and third-party observers disagreed.
21. A. universal B. efficient C. heartfelt D. comforting
22. A. showered B. preferred C. emphasized D. misinterpreted
23. A. stretching B. persuading C. uplifting D. understanding
24. A. conflict B. compete C. associate D. agree
25. A. crafts B. vision C. motives D. competence
26. A. discount B. defend C. reverse D. receive
27. A. image B. market C. status D. object
28. A. manner B. purchase C. order D. context
29. A. putting off B. leaning toward C. turning down D. pushing through
30. A. qualities B. intentions C. potentials D. tendencies
31. A. overestimating B. grading C. suspecting D. developing
32. A. comment B. equivalent C. impression D. standard
33. A. quantity B. profile C. ceiling D. reputation
34. A. draft B. anticipation C. trend D. failure
35. A. deliberate B. positive C. distressing D. specific
词汇积累：
compliment n. __________________
destructive adj. __________________
unqualified adj. __________________
recipient n. __________________
suspect v. __________________
ring true __________________
credibility n. __________________
excessive compliment __________________
conducted research __________________
backhanded adj. __________________
insecure adj. __________________
misinterpret v. __________________
motive n. __________________
discount v. __________________
lean toward __________________
tendency n. __________________
equivalent n. /adj. __________________
profile n. __________________
deliberate adj. __________________
distressing adj.__________________
Grammar
1. less healthy 2. why/how 3. rather than/ instead of
4. even if/even though 5. have researched/am researching/ have been researching
6. leading 7. something 8. faced
9. was holding/had held 10. that/which
Vocabulary
11-20 DCIKA GHFJE
II
21-35 DBCAC ADDBA BDCDB
套题练习 7 2025届浦东新区一模 得分：______________
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Reluctant influencers
When I started posting videos regularly to grow my on-camera video-coaching business, a friend asked me, “Are you trying to be an influencer ” I hesitated at the question.
The word “influencer” (
